Imithi imele enye yezona zinto zikhangayo kwihlabathi, ezifumaneka kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo yesijikelezi-langa, ukuqhelana nemozulu eyahlukileyo, kunye neentlobo ezininzi zeentlobo; ebangela ukuba zisetyenziswe njengenxalenye yokuhlobisa amakhaya, iipaki kunye negadi, kwinqaku elilandelayo siza kufunda malunga neMithi yoMhlobiso ethandwa kakhulu.
Imithi yokuhombisa
Izityalo zimele umaleko wezityalo osasazwa kuwo wonke umhlaba ogubungela iplanethi yomhlaba, ukwazi ukuziqhelanisa neemeko zemozulu ezahlukeneyo, kunye nokuba yinxalenye yazo zonke izinto eziphilayo (iintlango, amahlathi, amahlathi, iintaba, phakathi kwezinye). zigqame ngokuba ngabathathi-nxaxheba kwinkqubo ye-biochemical eyaziwa ngokuba yi-photosynthesis apho ioksijini eyimfuneko ifunyanwa kuzo zonke izinto eziphilayo emhlabeni.
Ukubaluleka kweentlobo zezityalo kuxhomekeke kwigalelo lazo ekugcinweni kobomi kwisijikelezi-langa somhlaba, ekuphuhliseni iintlobo ngeentlobo zeentlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo ngokwendawo ezibunjwe kuyo, zibonelela ngobuhle nombala kuzo zonke iindawo ezisingqongileyo. Ukuba phakathi kwezityalo ezincinci, amatyholo kunye nemithi emikhulu, yonke ihlanganiswe neziqu, amagqabi kunye neengcambu ezisasazeka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zeplanethi.
Kule meko, imithi ejongene nesityalo esakhiwe ngokukodwa kwi-trunk ye-woody-type igqamile, idla ngokuhlula ibe ngamasebe amaninzi kwicandelo eliphezulu, inokuphakama okuphawulekayo kunye neengcambu ezinqabileyo ezidlula emhlabeni. Bamele icandelo elibalulekileyo kwimihlaba yendalo, ukuba yintlobo enoxanduva lokwenza i-oksijini ephefumulelwe yizo zonke izinto eziphilayo emoyeni, ukusebenzisana ekunciphiseni i-carbon dioxide, ukuthintela ukhukuliseko kunye nesithsaba sayo esibanzi sikhusela imimandla kwi-exposure yemozulu.
Imithi imele into ekhoyo kubomi bemihla ngemihla bomntu, isetyenziselwa ukuhombisa iindawo ezahlukeneyo ezifana nezitiya, iindlela kunye nakwamanye amakhaya, apho bafika babenokubaluleka njengeentlobo zokuhombisa, ezihambelana nezo zityalo zilinywa kwaye zithengiswa ukuze zihombise. iinjongo, nokuba zintyatyambo, amagqabi, izikhondo kunye noyilo; Ukongeza, bamele into yendalo edibanisa abantu kunye nendalo.
Eyona Mithi yoMhlobiso idumileyo
Uluntu luhlala lukhetha izinto ezihlobisa ubomi babo bemihla ngemihla, ngoko ke bakhetha ukusebenzisa imithi eyingxenye yegadi zabo kwaye ibe yinto ebaluleke kakhulu, mhlawumbi ngenxa yobukhulu bayo (enkulu okanye encinci), banamandla okubonelela ngokusingqongileyo okuyingqayizivele. kwaye intle, isebenzisana ekutyebiseni nasekuhlukaniseni imida yendawo, ukongeza ekuqaqambiseni iintlobo zeentyatyambo zazo ezimangalisayo kunye nokutshintsha kombala okubalulekileyo ngokuxhomekeke kwixesha lonyaka, nazi ezinye zezona ntlobo zemithi yokuhombisa esetyenziswa kakhulu:
IMimosa
Yaziwa ngokuba ngowona mthi wokuhombisa ofunwa kakhulu luluntu, inegama lezenzululwazi le-Acacia Baileyana, luhlobo oluhlala kumazantsi e-New South Wales, isasazwa kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo yehlabathi kwaye ixhaphake kakhulu kwimimandla yase-Australia. Ithathwa njengesihlahla, kodwa kukho ezinye ezifikelela kwiimitha ezisi-8 ukuphakama, zinamagqabi ahlala eluhlaza (awaphulukani nombala wawo apha enyakeni), umbala wazo udla ngokuba ngwevu oluhlaza, ukongeza kugqatso. kwiintyatyambo zabo ezinomtsalane, zineetyheli ezingaqhelekanga kwaye zimile okwepompom engqukuva zihombisa kakhulu.
Imele isityalo esikwaziyo ukumelana nokubanda, ngoko ke iqhele ukumelana nokuthenwa okuqatha. Igama lolu hlobo lathiywa imbeko kwisazi ngezityalo uFrederick Manson Bailey, kweminye imimandla yehlabathi baye beza ukuze bashenxise izilwanyana zalapho, zigqalwa njengesitshabalalisi esiyingozi kuloo mazwe.
Umlenze wenkomo
Umlenze weNkomo, okwaziwa ngokuba yiNkomo yeNkomo, umele umthi onegama le Bauhinia Forficata kwaye ungowosapho lwe Fabaceae. Luhlobo lwezityalo oluxhaphake kakhulu kwimimandla yaseLatin America, ngokukodwa eArgentina (Buenos Aires, Córdoba, San Juan, Misiones, phakathi kwabanye), eBrazil (Santa Catarina, Paraná), Paraguay (Alto Paraná, Cordillera), Mexico, Uruguay, Peru kunye Colombia.
Ngumthi onamagqabi avuthulukayo (ochatshazelwa ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo onyaka) uphulukana nombala wawo ngonyaka. Inokufikelela kwiimitha ezili-10 ukuphakama, inamagqabi amade anesimo esinye kwaye iyaziwa ngeeorchids zayo ezidumileyo ezinokuba nombala phakathi komhlophe kunye nopinki. Ithathwa njengeyona nto ifunwa kakhulu kwiindidi zokuhombisa kwiigadi ezincinci.
Umthi weJupiter
Umthi weJupiter uyaziwa ngokuba yi-Indian Lilac, iSouthern Lilac, iCrepe okanye iCrepe-Myrtle; Inegama lesayensi leLagerstroemia Indica kwaye iyinxalenye yosapho lweLythraceae, ikwabonwa njengemveli yaseTshayina, iHimalaya, iIndiya kunye neJapan. Ngenxa yokuphononongwa kwilizwekazi laseAsia, olu hlobo lwasasazeka eYurophu naseMelika, luthandwa kakhulu njengomthi wokuhombisa kumakhaya amaninzi.
Ngumthi onamagqabi avuthulukayo (ochatshazelwa ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo onyaka), uthathwa njengoluhlobo oluncinci olumalunga neemitha ezisi-8 ukuphakama, ngokuhamba kwexesha lunokukhula lube lukhulu. Ineentyantyambo ngendlela yeentyantyambo, iimpawu zemibala yazo ebomvu, epinki kunye nemhlophe, iyamangalisa kakhulu, ibonakalisa kwaye idla ngokubonakala kwixesha lasehlotyeni. Zikwadume kakhulu ngamaxolo azo amdaka kunye nokugudileyo. Olu hlobo lomthi wokuhombisa lubonwa ngokubanzi kwiindlela zezixeko, ngokulula ukuziqhelanisa naloo mihlaba kwimimandla yasezidolophini.
umthi wothando
Ngumthi wokuhombisa odumileyo weentyantyambo zawo ezipinki, unegama lesayensi leCercis Siliquastrum kwaye ungowosapho lweLeguminous, eyaziwa njenge-redbud, iLoco Algarrobo okanye iJudas Tree. Lo mthi ubonakala ngokufikelela kwiimitha ezi-6 ubude kodwa kwiimeko ezivumayo ungafikelela kubude obungaphezulu, uyavuthuluka (uchatshazelwa ziimeko zemozulu zonyaka), isiqu sawo senziwe ngomthi ogudileyo nocacileyo, xa zithe zafikelela kwiminyaka emikhulu. ujika ubemnyama kwaye abe tortuous.
Ibonisa iintyatyambo, iintyatyambo zayo zingumtsalane wayo ophambili, ziza kuhlanganiswa zibe ngamaqela, ziyi-hermaphrodites (ubukho bazo zombini izini) ukuze zivelise ngokwazo. Iziqhamo zayo ziyi-legumes ezinobukhulu obuyi-2 millimeters, zinombala obomvu ukuya kumnyama omnyama (kuxhomekeke ekuvuthweni kwazo), zivuthwa ngexesha lasehlotyeni ngoJulayi kwaye zihlala emthini de zidubule. Olu hlobo lweentlobo lubonwa ngokubanzi kwiigadi zedolophu kunye neepaki.
URowan wabazingeli
I-Serbal de los Cazadores yaziwa njengeentlobo zokuhombisa ezaziwa ngokuba yi-Azarollo, umthi ovuthulukayo (intlobo ezichatshazelwa ngamaxesha onyaka), ngowentsapho yakwaRosaceae kwaye igama layo lezenzululwazi nguSorbus Folgneri. Inzalelwane yelizwekazi laseAsia, ngakumbi eMzantsi China. Inesiqu esishinyeneyo esinexolo elitshintsha umbala walo ngokuxhomekeke kumanzi, ngokuqhelekileyo inombala ongwevu kunye nohlaza (imozulu enemvula).
Luhlobo lokuxhoma kunye neentyantyambo ezikhangayo kakhulu ezikhoyo kwixesha lentwasahlobo, kunye nesimo esincinci, umbala omhlophe kunye nephunga elikhulu; ngokuqhelekileyo ingqongwe ziintlobo ezisasaza ipoleni. Enye into enomtsalane ziziqhamo zayo ngamaqunube abomvu adla ngokutyiswa ziintaka ezikufutshane. Imele ukuba kulula kakhulu ukukhula kunye nomthi onganyangekiyo, yiyo loo nto ifunwa kwiinkqubo zokupheka.
Umthi wentsimbi
Imele uhlobo lomthi ongowosapho lweHamamelidaceae, unegama lezenzululwazi elithi Parrotia Persica kwaye luhlobo olunamagqabi avuthulukayo (oluphenjelelwa ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo onyaka). Ekuqaleni ukusuka kumahlathi asemazantsi eCaspian kumantla eIran, kukholelwa ukuba kumaxesha angaphambi kwembali yasasazwa kwilizwekazi laseYurophu, ngakumbi kwiPeninsula yase-Iberia, oku kungenxa yezifundo zefosili ezifumaneka kwiintaba ezahlukeneyo kwaye iidiphozithi zowuni.
Izihlahla ezinamagqabi avuthulukayo zinokufikelela malunga neemitha ezili-12 ubude kunye neesentimitha ezingama-70 ububanzi, zinolwakhiwo olubanzi ngokufanelekileyo kwaye zixutywe neziqu zesibini, zibangela ukuba zithathe izithuba ezinkulu. Imithunzi yamaxolo ayo iphakathi komnyama, grey kunye nepinki. Iliso layo eliphambili eliza kuqhakaza kwixesha lasebusika, kunye neentyatyambo ezinobungakanani obuncinci, obomvu kunye ne-orenji.
imephu yaseCanada
Luhlobo oludume kakhulu olunamagama ahlukeneyo anjengemaple ebomvu yaseMelika, iMaple yaseVirginia, imephu yaseCanada, ithathwa njengenye yezona ntlobo zixhaphake kakhulu kulo lonke ummandla waseMntla Merika, ngakumbi kwiLake of the Woods eMinnesota, kwimpuma yeNewfoundland, kufutshane neMiami kumazantsi ntshona eTexas kukho iindidi ezikummandla waseMexico. Idume kakhulu ngokulinywa kwiipaki kunye negadi kunye neempawu zayo zesondlo (i-sap), yingakho isiraphu ye-maple ikhutshwe kuyo.
Iquka umthi onamagqabi avuthulukayo ngoko idla ngokudubula ngexesha elithile lonyaka, iyamangalisa kuba ijika ibebomvu kwaye amagqabi awo ajike abebomvu ekwindla. Ifikelela kubude obuphakamileyo, ubuncinci malunga neemitha ezingama-20 ukuphakama, inekholomu kunye nokuthwala omelele kakhulu. Luhlobo olubonwa ngokubanzi kwiigadi zamakhaya aseMntla Melika, ngakumbi kuloo mimandla inamaxesha onyaka aphawulweyo, kuba amagqabi ayo amakhulu, amagqabi esundu abonisa umtsalane omkhulu ngenxa yokutshintsha kombala wabo obomvu, orenji, kunye notyheli ekwindla. kodwa ukuhlala kuluhlaza ngezo nyanga.
Ikhowudi yeAlps
Ngumthi owaziwa kakhulu ngeentyatyambo zawo ezityheli, ungowosapho lweFabaceas kwaye igama lawo lezenzululwazi yiLaburnum Alpinum. Luhlobo oluphenjelelwa ngamaxesha onyaka, lulahlekelwa ngamagqabi kunye nombala ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo. Inzalelwane yasembindini nasemazantsi elizwekazi laseYurophu, idume kakhulu kwezo ndawo ngokubonisa iintyatyambo ezinkulu ezityheli, zibonwa ngokubanzi njengeentlobo zokuhombisa.
Ifikelela kwiimitha ezi-6 ubude kunye nobubanzi obufana kakhulu, i-trunk yayo ine-grayish bark kwaye idla ngokuxutywa kakhulu kwisiseko; Kwindebe yayo, amagqabi afumana umbala omnyama oluhlaza kwaye iintyatyambo zawo ziyamangalisa kakhulu kuba zinemibala etyheli kunye nevumba elimnandi, i-inflorescence yayo isentwasahlobo ukuya ehlotyeni.
IiJuglans
IJuglans ithathwa njengenye yezona ntlobo zisetyenziswayo zokuhombisa kwilizwekazi laseAsia, ngakumbi kwingingqi esempuma apho iTshayina, impuma yeRussia kunye nePeninsula yaseKorea zikhoyo. Igama layo lesayensi nguJuglans Madshurica kwaye lilungu losapho lweJuglandaceae. Idume ngobungqingqwa kwaye bomelele kwaye inamasebe asuka kwisiseko, inika isiphumo se-ethereal kunye neyodwa.
Olu hlobo lukhula ngokukhawuleza, lunokulinganisa ukuya kwiimitha ezingama-25 ubude kwaye ububanzi buncinci kakhulu, amagqabi ayo atshintshana kunye ne-40 ukuya kwi-90 yeesentimitha ubude kunye nomda we-serrulate okanye i-serrulate, enika isithsaba esicacileyo kunye nesibanzi. Iintyatyambo zayo zinefuthe elijingayo malunga neesentimitha ezili-9 ukuya kwezingama-40 ubude kwaye zivuzwa ngumoya (indlela yokwabelana ngesondo) kwaye iziqhamo zayo zivela ngexesha lasekwindla (ngo-Agasti-Okthobha) ngohlobo lweqokobhe elityebileyo eliluhlaza kakhulu, lixhathisa kakhulu. kwiindawo ezibandayo.
isilivere yomngcunube
Iqulethwe ngumthi wentsapho yaseSalicaceae apho igama layo lezesayensi nguSalix Alba Sericea, lithathwa njengenzalelwane yaseRashiya kwaye luhlobo olulahlekelwa ngumbala oluhlaza kwixesha elithile lonyaka (i-deciduous). Okwangoku ibonwa ngokubanzi kwimimandla epholileyo yeziko nakumazantsi elizwekazi laseYurophu, eNyakatho Afrika nase-West Asia, kukho iintlobo ezithile kwilizwekazi laseMelika, ngokukodwa eMntla Melika.
Umngcunube wesilivere ulinganisa phakathi kwamashumi amane eemitha kwiimeko ezifanelekileyo kodwa kukho iindidi ezingamashumi amabini anesihlanu eemitha ubude. Olona phawu lwayo luyisilivere kunye namagqabi aluhlaza, anemilo esilika kwaye anomlinganiselo ophakathi kweesentimitha ezintlanu nezilishumi elinambini. Iintyatyambo zayo zinemilo eyicylindrical ethi idubule entlakohlaza.
imephu yaseKorea
Imaphu yaseKorea, ekwabizwa ngokuba yiPseudosieboldianum Maple, luphawu lokuba luhlobo oluncinci olubonwa kwiipaki zezixeko ezikhulu kwaye oku kungenxa yobuhle bayo obukhulu. Inamagqabi angqukuva anokwakheka okufana nemaple yaseJapan, njengoko iqhubeka nokukhula amagqabi anekhava emhlophe avele kwaye kwangoko abukhrim iintyatyambo ezityheli de zibe nombala orenji, konke oku ngexesha lasentwasahlobo.
Embindini wexesha lokwindla amagqabi awo atshintsha umbala ukusuka kumbala oluhlaza kakhulu ukuya kumbala o-orenji nobomvu. Luhlobo oluncinci lomthi kodwa olufunwa kakhulu ukuhombisa iigadi zamakhaya aseAsia.
umthi wehop
Luhlobo losapho lwe-Rutaceae kwaye linegama lezenzululwazi le-Ptelea Trifoliata, ukongeza ekubeni yaziwa njenge Hoptree. Ludidi lomthi oluvela kwilizwekazi laseMelika, ngokukodwa kwimimandla yaseMntla Melika nakuMbindi Melika. Ibekwe kufutshane nemilambo kunye neendonga kwaye oku kubalelwa kwimilinganiselo yayo emikhulu efuna ubukho bomhlaba ochumileyo nofumileyo.
Inesiqu esishinyeneyo kunye nomaleko obanzi kakhulu, i-ramifications yayo ibhityile kwaye igqunywe lixolo elimdaka omnyama, amagqabi awo anemibala etshintshanayo phakathi kwamasebe kunye namagqabi awo kwimithunzi eyahlukeneyo emthubi. Ngamaxesha entwasahlobo iveza iintyatyambo ezimhlophe neziluhlaza ukongezelela ekubeni nevumba elimnandi kakhulu, elitsala amabhabhathane neenyosi ezisasaza ipoleni. Iziqhamo zayo zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukuveliswa kweebhiya, kuba zezo zidluliselwe ngabahlali bokuqala.
ligustrum
ILigustrum ekwaziwa njengePrivet, iLigustro okanye iAlheña imele udidi lweOleaceae, igama layo lezenzululwazi yiLigustrum Delavayanum. Imvelaphi yelizwekazi laseAsia, ngakumbi eTshayina, ifikelela kumazwe anje ngeUruguay neArgentina, ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba lokuba kuthathwe njengokungaxhaphakanga kwaye kukhule ngokuzenzekelayo emahlathini kwaye kushenxiswa iintyatyambo ezihlala kule ndawo.
Ludidi lomthi ongapheliyo, ngoko ke igcina umbala wayo oluhlaza kunye namagqabi unyaka wonke, ikhula ukuya kutsho kwiimitha ezisibhozo ukuphakama kwaye kukho imizekelo efikelela kwiimitha ezilishumi elinesihlanu. Amagqabi awo anombala oluhlaza omnyama kwaye aziisentimitha ezili-15 ubude kunye neesentimitha ezisi-8 ububanzi, ngelixa iziqhamo zawo zimnyama kunye namaqunube amnyama aluhlaza, asetyenziswa kakhulu kumayeza esintu kunyango oluchasene nokudinwa kunye ne-tinnitus.
ICatalpa Hyrida Purpurea
Iqulethwe ngumthi omncinci okhuliswa njengeentlobo zokuhlobisa, kwezinye iimeko zibhekwa njengehlathi. Inzalelwane yaseMntla Melika, yeyosapho lweBignoniaceae kwaye ikwabizwa ngokuba yiCatlpa x Erubescens, ithathwa njengehybride ephakathi kunye neglobose kunye nokukhula kwamasebe. Luhlobo olufikelela kwiimitha ezisi-8 ubude, lunesiqu esityebileyo, esingwevu-mdaka.
Eyona nto itsala umdla wayo ngamagqabi ayo amakhulu amile okwentliziyo, inombala oluhlaza omnyama xa sele ikhulile kwaye inombala omfusa oqaqambileyo xa ingamagqabi amatsha, yohluke kakhulu kukutshintsha kombala wayo ngamaxesha onyaka ohlukeneyo.
Umthi weApile wePlum Leaf
Ikwaziwa njengeMalus Prunifolia, luhlobo lweRosaceae kwaye inzalelwane yase China kwaye ngokuhamba kwexesha yasasazeka kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo yehlabathi, ifumaneka kwimimandla enobude obuphezulu malunga ne-1300 yeemitha ngaphezulu komphakamo wolwandle. . Inokufikelela kwiimitha ezisibhozo ubude, ineentyatyambo ezincinci ezimhlophe kwaye entwasahlobo inika isiqhamo esibomvu okanye esityheli. Kutshanje iye yathandwa njengengcambu eluntwini.
Siyathemba ukuba eli nqaku libe luncedo, sikushiyela abanye abaya kuba nomdla kuwe ngokuqinisekileyo:
Iziphumo zoNgcoliseko loLwandle
ULondolozo lweMithombo yeNdalo