Yazi ngale post, konke malunga Ukufunda ngokufumanisa, indlela enamandla yokufumana ulwazi. Ngokukwanjalo, siya kukubonisa ngokupheleleyo zonke iinkcukacha malunga nale ndlela intle yokufumana izinto ezintsha, kwaye ngokunenzuzo uphucule ubomi bakho.
Ukufunda kwendalo kunye nolonwabo olukhulu
Yintoni iDiscovery Learning?
Le ndlela yokufunda eyaziwayo yenye yeendlela ezininzi ekufuneka abantu bakwazi ukuziqonda, bafunde okanye bafumanise nasiphi na isihloko esitsha kubo, apho bonke abantu basebenzisa umdla wabo wokufuna ukwazi ukuphumeza into enokuthi ibangele umdla. Into ebalulekileyo ukuqaphela malunga nale ndlela yokufunda kukuba inezinga elikhulu leempembelelo ngexesha lezigaba zobuntwana, ukufikisa kunye nakwixesha lokuguga, livumela abantu abaninzi ukuba banandiphe into nganye efunyenweyo.
Ubuchwephesha kwindawo yepsychology yintoni, nguyise kunye nomanduleli wethiyori yohlalutyo njengengcebiso kwi Ukufunda ngokufumanisa yingcali yezengqondo enkulu yemvelaphi yesiFrentshi eyaziwa ngokuba nguJerome Bruner, owathi phakathi kwezifundo zakhe ezigxile kwiindlela apho uluntu lufunda izinto ezintsha, wenza ithiyori enkulu ngalo mzekelo wokufunda, apho uluntu lufunda ngokufuna ukwazi. Le ngcamango isetyenziswa ngokubanzi namhlanje, ekubeni iyeyona ndlela yokukhuthaza ukufundisisa kuzo zonke iingqondo eziselula ekuqeqesheni.
Le ndlela yokufunda isekelwe ekusombululeni izinto ezingaziwayo njengalo naluphi na uhlobo lwengxaki usebenzisa izakhono ezibonwayo, ezibambekayo kunye nezokuqiqa zomntu, ukufumana impendulo kuyo yonke into ebonakala ingaqhelekanga, ingaqhelekanga kunye nentsonkothileyo ngendlela yokuba ayifuni kakhulu. yomzamo, njengabo nasiphi na esinye isakhono esingeyo-intuitive sobuntu bokufumana ulwazi olusisiseko okanye oluntsokothileyo. Le ndlela yokufunda inokuba mnandi kakhulu, ukuba iindlela eziguqukayo zisetyenziselwa ukufumana ulwazi ngexesha elifutshane.
Abantu abasebenzisa le ndlela yokufundisa basebenzisa izixhobo zovelwano ukuze bafikelele abafundi babo kwimeko yootitshala, kodwa xa olu hlobo lokufunda lungabekwanga lusetyenziswayo lunokubangela iziphumo ezihle kunye nezingakhululekiyo ngandlel’ ithile, ekubeni ukuthanda ukwazi okugqithisileyo kobuntu, kunokubangela ukuba kubekho imiphumo emihle. iingxaki kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo ubungqongqo, ekubeni njengoko intetho ihamba «Curiosity wabulala ikati». Kubalulekile ukuxhasa abantu abafunda ngolu hlobo, ngaphandle kokubanyanzeliswa ukuba bafunde ngezinye iindlela ezingqongqo kwaye ngaphandle kokuyila.
Ukuba ulifumene eli nqaku linomdla kakhulu, siyakumema ukuba umise, ujabulele kwaye ufunde iposi yethu malunga ukukhula ngokweemvakalelo, apho sichaza ukuba yintoni esi sihloko esifana neempawu zaba bantu bakhulu, faka ikhonkco elikhankanywe ngasentla, ukuze uqalise izifundo zakho kwesi sihloko esikhulu esinokusetyenziswa kunoma ubani emhlabeni.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IP6qP6Xp7yk
Ithiyori kaBruner
Isazi ngengqondo enkulu uJerome Bruner, umanduleli ongenakuphikiswa kunye nengcali ephambili ephethe i-postulation yethiyori yokufunda yokufunyanwa, ukwaseka iindawo eziyimfuneko ukuze akwazi ukusebenzisa le modeli yokufunda kumanqanaba aphezulu, egqitha iindlela zokufundisa ukuba ixesha apho wenza le, babengqongqo kakhulu kwaye akazange akhuthaze ukuyila kuluntu olufuna ukuqhubela phambili. Ke ngoko, le ngcali yezengqondo iseka kwithiyori yakhe ukuba abantu banokufunda ngcono ukuba bazifumanela yonke into.
Imigaqo yokuFumana ukuFumana
Lo mzekelo wokufumana ulwazi, usebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo ubuchule kunye nomdla wokwazi abantu, uphendula kwizinto ezithile ezisisiseko okanye imigaqo ukuze isetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo, ivelise ukuba bonke abantwana, abafikisayo kunye nabantu abadala abancinci kunye nabantu abadala, banokufunda. ngaphandle kokwenza umgudu omkhulu kwaye babe nethuba lokuqhubeka nokufunda into abayithandayo. Ngokusekwe koku kukhankanywe ngasentla, imigaqo apho ukufunda ngokufunyaniswayo kulawulwa ngokupheleleyo zezi:
Ukusombulula ingxaki
Indlela yeengxaki zalo naluphi na uhlobo, ngendlela yethiyori yokusombulula into engaziwayo ebangqongileyo, yenye yemigaqo esisiseko yolu hlobo lokufunda, ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kokucinga okuhlalutyayo kunye nokuqiqa kwabantu, ukubanika, imikhondo ebonakalayo ngandlela thile. fumana impendulo kumathandabuzo athe aphakanyiswa ukusombulula ezininzi zezi, zisonjululwa ngokwezibalo okanye ngokuthe ngqo. Ngale ndlela, kubethelwa eluntwini ukuba ukuzazi phezu kwazo nje iimpazamo yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokufunda.
Ulawulo lwabaFundi
Ukulawulwa komfundi kuninzi kwaye akukho nto ingaphantsi kokulawulwa kwezixhobo eziyimfuneko ukuze umfundi aqonde kangcono nasiphi na isihloko, ehlala eqwalasela isimo sengqondo kunye nempilo yomntu, ekubeni umntu ongenalo ukukhuthaza okanye umzimba wakhe. ikwimeko embi, banokuba nefuthe elithile elingalindelekanga kwindlela yabo yokufunda, kodwa oku akusosithintelo sokungazi isifundo esitsha. Ngoko ke, abafundisi-ntsapho bafanele bakuphephe ukubaxakekisa kakhulu abafundi babo, njengoko ukuxinana kwenkcazelo kunokubenzakalisa abafundi.
Uqhagamshelwano kunye noManyano
Unxibelelwano oluhle phakathi komfundisi-ntsapho nomfundi, kwakunye nonxulumano oluhle phakathi kwabo bonke abafundi, lunokukhuthaza kakhulu ukufunda okufunyenweyo, ekubeni, ngokwenza amaqhina phakathi kwabo bonke abanomdla ekufundeni, kunokuvelisa amanqanaba amatsha omanyano eluntwini. , ngenxa yokuba bemanyene kwaye bedibene bomelele kwaye bayakwazi ukufunda ngokudibanisa ulwazi lwabo olusisiseko ukuze kuzuze lonke uluntu. Ukwenza unxulumano phakathi kwabo babandakanyekayo ekufundeni kutyhala abantu ukuba bafunde ngokukhululeka ngaphandle kokuziva bengabandakanywanga.
Uhlalutyo nokutolika
Zombini izihloko zenza eyona nto ibalulekileyo kulo mzekelo wokufunda ofumana amandla ngakumbi nangakumbi ekusekweni kwezizukulwana ezitsha, eziyinxalenye yekamva elikhuselekileyo loluntu lonke kwaye zinoxanduva lokuzisa phambili kwixesha elithile. , kufuneka basoloko besebenzisa izakhono zabo zokuhlalutya ukuze baqonde isihloko esithile, baze basitolike ngokufanelekileyo nangokucacileyo. Ngokukwanjalo, ezi mpawu zizinto ezisisiseko nezibalulekileyo kumntu ofuna ukufunda izinto ezintsha ngoxa esonwabile.
Ulawulo lwemposiso
Abaninzi baya kuxelelwa ebomini babo "Musa ukwenza iimpazamo", kuba eli binzana liphosakele ngeendlela ezininzi, ekubeni uluntu lufunda ukugqwesa ngokulinganayo, phantsi kokufunyanwa kwezinto ezintsha ngokusebenzisa ulawulo lwempazamo kunye novavanyo lwalo naluphi na uhlobo. ukwazi ukufumana indlela efanelekileyo yokusombulula nayiphi na ingxaki evelayo, ngaphandle kokubhenela kwiindlela ezinzima okanye ezingaqhelekanga zokuqonda isifundo. Kwangokunjalo, lo mgaqo uvumela uluntu ukuba luqulunqe iimbono ezintsha ngokutsalwa nokutolika kwalo.
Imizekelo yokuFumana ukuFumana
Mininzi imifuziselo enokuthi ithathwe njengomzekelo ocacileyo wendlela ukufunda ngokufunyanwayo kusebenza ngayo, esoloko ethathela ingqalelo imigaqo le modeli yokufumana ulwazi, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba ngamaxesha amaninzi abantu bayakwazi ukufunda naluphi na uhlobo lolwazi. besebenzisa ubuchule babo, ubuchule kunye nomdla wokwazi, besoloko befumana indlela yokusombulula nayiphi na ingxaki. Ke ngoko, imizekelo ecacileyo, echanekileyo kunye nemfutshane yemodeli enkulu yokufunda yokufumanisa yile ilandelayo:
ulinge lwenzululwazi
Imizekelo ephambili yokufunda ngokufunyanwa yimizekelo kwiilabhoratri zayo nayiphi na ingcali kwimimandla yezenzululwazi, ethi imihla ngemihla ikhangele ukuyila okanye isisombululo esikhulu sengxaki, enokuthi ibe yinto efunyenweyo eyakha yadalwa kwaye ithathwa njengeyona nto ingcono. lonyaka, ukongeza ukuba ezi ziguqula uluntu ngeendlela ezininzi ezintle ngezinto eziqanjiweyo. Ngokufanayo, ukufunda ngemodeli yesayensi yenye yezona zinto zisebenzayo kuba abafundi bafunda ngcono ngeendlela zolu hlobo.
IT
Eyaziwa ngokuba ngumhlaba ofumaneka rhoqo, kulapho indlela yokufunda inokujongwa ngcono ngokufunyanwa kwaso nasiphi na isihloko, kuba yonke imihla igajethi entsha okanye ikhompyuter kunye nesicelo sedijithali siza kukhanya ukunceda uluntu ukuba luqhube umsebenzi othile, ngale nto ndiyakwazi ukufunda, izihloko ezininzi endingenakuze ndicinge ngazo okanye ndazi iindlela ezilula zokusebenza. Ngokufanayo, namhlanje isayensi yekhompyuter ithathe umhlaba omninzi kwindawo yokufundisa kunye nokuqokelela idatha.
UkuFumana imiSebenzi yokuFunda
Ukuthatha ngokufanelekileyo le ndlela yokufunda, kuyafuneka ukuba kukhuthazwe ukuqanjwa, ukudala kunye nokuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha ebantwini, kunye nokukhuthaza bonke abantu ukuba benze imisebenzi yangaphandle enokuba luncedo kakhulu kuphuhliso lwezakhono ezizodwa neziyimfuneko ukuze zisebenze. uphuhliso lwezi. Uninzi lwale misebenzi lunokwenziwa ngabantu abakubudala obahlukeneyo kunye nemigangatho yentlalo, apho ukuzoba, ukucula, ukudanisa kunye nokufunda yeyona nto ilungileyo yokufunda.
Ukuze ufunde ngcono ngale modyuli, mamela umculo ngelixa ufunda, funda incwadi elungileyo ngexesha lakho lasimahla okanye wenze uphando ngaso nasiphi na isihloko esibonakala sinomdla kuwe, khuthaza ubuchule bakho kunye nomdla wakho kwinto entsha okanye ongayiqondiyo. . Ngokunjalo, imidlalo enjengokufihla kunye nokufuna okanye ukuzingela ubuncwane ilungile ekufundeni.
