Maninzi amagalelo alo bulumko bukrelekrele, nanamhlanje izinto azifumeneyo zisabalulekile kuluntu kwaye uninzi lweengcinga zakhe ziyaqhubeka nokuqondwa kwiminyaka edluleyo, yiyo loo nto sikuxelela yonke into. Igalelo lika-Aristotle kwingqondo.
Wayengubani uAristotle?
Ngaphambi kokuba uthethe nge Igalelo lika-Aristotle kwingqondo, masiqale ngokukhumbula ukuba wayengubani. Wazalelwa kwidolophu yamandulo eMakedoni, isixeko esiseGrisi, abazali bakhe bafa xa wayekwishumi elivisayo, kamva bashiywa kwinyameko yomzalwana osenokuba ngunina owamthabatha waya kufunda eAthene ngelo xesha. isihlalo semfundo kunye nenkcubeko eGrisi.
Wayengumfundi kaPlato kwiAkhademi edumileyo yaseAthene, owathi naye wangumfundi kaSocrates yaye bekunye benza ezona zithandi zobulumko kwimbali yoluntu. Kuthiwa uAristotle wayethandane kakhulu nomfundisi-ntsapho wakhe, phezu kwako nje ukungqubana okuphawulekayo kweengcamango kunye naye, ekubeni uPlato wayesekele ubomi bakhe neemfundiso zakhe kwinto awayekholelwa ukuba ihlabathi linokuba yiyo okanye lifanele libe yiyo, wagxininisa ngakumbi kwimigaqo yokuziphatha esekelwe kwiingcinga nakwiimbono zakhe. .
Kwelinye icala, uAristotle wayekholelwa ngakumbi kundoqo womzimba nomphefumlo, wayesekela indlela yakhe yokuphila ekhokelwa koko wayekubona, ukufundisisa nokuqinisekisa, wahlakulela imfundo awayeyifumene esekelwe kumava awayephila, ngendlela ethile. obunokuthi kananjalo bumnike obu bulumko ehlabathini.
Mhlawumbi ngenxa yoku wayephumelele, ekubeni ngenxa yoxabiso awayenalo umfundisi-ntsapho wakhe, wayichasa intanda-bulumko yakhe kangangokuba emva kokufa komdala, uAristotle wazimisela ukuzenzela eyakhe intanda-bulumko esekelwe koko wayekufunda ngehlabathi nangendlela yokuphila. izinto, izinto ezintsha kunye Izinto ezifunyenwe ngu-Aristotle zisasetyenziswa nanamhlanje kwaye uqatshelwa "njengoyise wefilosofi yaseNtshona."
Isithandi sobulumko sasikrelekrele kakhulu kwaye sinolwazi ngezinto ezininzi ezinxulumene nezidalwa eziphilayo, uluntu kunye nendalo iphela ngokwayo, izifundo zakhe zisusela kwisayensi ukuya kwibhayoloji, imathematika, ezopolitiko, i-metaphysics kunye nezinye iinkalo ezininzi zolwazi.
Yintoni iPsychology ePositive?
I-Positive psychology luphononongo olujolise ekuboniseni i-positivism kubomi babantu ukuze oku kube nefuthe kuphuhliso kunye nokukhula kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi bomntu, konke oku kungenxa yokwamkelwa kwemilinganiselo kunye namandla ebomini.
Eyona njongo iphambili yale ndlela kukukhuthaza ulonwabo ebomini babantu, konke oku kuya kuphunyezwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kuba ulonwabo ligama elihambelanayo kwaye lisebenza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kumntu wonke, oko kuthetha ukuba imisebenzi okanye iindlela ezibangela ukwaneliseka kunye nolonwabo kwelinye. umntu wahlukile kwabanye, kwaye nokuba kukho ukufana phakathi kwabantu, ekugqibeleni kusoloko kungumbandela wokungcamla kunye nemibala.
Le ndlela iyasebenza kwiinkalo ezininzi zokufunda noncedo, njengamaqela enkxaso kubantu abatyhubela iimeko ezinzima, izikolo zokuqeqesha abantwana ezifana ne-kindergarten, isikolo samabanga aphantsi, kwanakwabaselula abahamba ngamaxesha otshintsho kunye notshintsho, kukwanjalo. isicelo kumakhaya abantu abadala okanye abadala abajongene nesifo esinzima.
Kukho neerekhodi ukuba iingcali ezininzi ziye zayisebenzisa ukunyanga izigulana ezinokuphazamiseka kwengqondo kwimeko enzima. Konke oku ngenxa yokuba kuye kwangqinwa ukuba xa abantu bejolisa iingcamango zabo kunye neengcinga zabo kwizinto ezivuyisayo, ezonwabileyo, ezintle, oku kuchaphazela zonke iinkalo zobomi babo kwaye kuvuselele ukukhula komntu, okuzisa impilo-ntle kubomi babantu.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba le yindlela ekufuneka isetyenziswe ngokuchanekileyo ngabachwephesha abayaziyo indlela yokuyisebenzisa, kuba kukho abantu abaninzi abanoxanduva lokuthengisa le ndlela njenge "potion yomlingo" eguqula ubomi babantu bube libali. , nangona kunjalo, ukuba i-psychology ayisetyenziswanga ngokufanelekileyo, ngoko ayisebenzi.
Igalelo lika-Aristotle kwingqondo
Nangona kuyinyani ukuba i-positivism kwingcinga kunye neengcinga ifumene ukuqondwa kumaxesha amva nje, inyaniso kukuba ngumxholo oye waxutyushwa kangangeenkulungwane, omnye wababhali abaphambili apho kukho umzekelo nguAristotle, ngubani Ukongeza koku. imibhalo emininzi awayenzayo ebomini bakhe, phakathi kwayo kwakukho eminye eyayithetha ngokuziphatha, ukuziphatha kunye nengqondo.
“Ndimgqala lowo uloyisayo iminqweno yakhe ekhaliphile kunalowo uloyisa iintshaba zakhe, kuba olona loyiso lunzima luloyiso phezu kwakhe. Aristotle
Apha sikhankanya ezinye zezona zibalulekileyo Igalelo lika-Aristotle kwingqondo:
Injongo lulonwabo
Iimbono ezininzi ngale ndlela bezisekelwe kwiingcamango zika-Aristotle ngaphambi kokuba afe. Kwintanda-bulumko, uvuyo yinjongo yobomi yaye lumele lubonakale kwithuku elikhokela ubomi. Ubume bomntu, wayekholelwa ukuba abantu bafanele bazifunele ulonwabo ngolonwabo nolwaneliseko.
Lo mbandela wawubaluleke kakhulu kuye kangangokuba wenza konke okusemandleni akhe ukubethelela kubafundi bakhe ukuze bafumane kuye zonke izifundo ezinokufumaneka ngendlela yokonwaba, ukuze bakwenze oko baze bakhuthaze nabanye ukuba benjenjalo. . Leyo yindlela ezi mfundiso eziye zasiphembelela ngayo, nasemva kweenkulungwane ezininzi, yindlela enamandla ngayo impembelelo kunye Igalelo lika-Aristotle kwi-positive psychology.
Into eyayicace gca kwisithandi sobulumko kukuba inqanaba lethu lokonwaba nokonwaba lichaphazela kakhulu ezinye iinkalo zobomi bethu, oko kukuthi, ulonwabo luzisa impilo entle ebantwini yaye oku kuchaphazela impilo, umsebenzi, ubudlelwane, imali kunye nezinye iinkalo. yobomi.
Ukunyamezela kungundoqo
Isiko yinto ebaluleke kakhulu ekufezekiseni impumelelo ebomini, uAristotle wayekholelwa ukuba kufuneka silungelelanise inkqubo yethu kunye nazo zonke iinkalo zobomi bethu ukuze sifezekise zonke iinjongo esizibekele zona. Wayethanda "ukuba uyafuna, yithathe", ekubeni iminqweno ayizi enye ngokwayo, xa sifuna into kufuneka silwe ukuze siyifumane, kungenjalo ezi aziyi kuzaliseka kwaye ziya kuqhubeka zilula amaphupha.
Isithandi sobulumko sasikholelwa ukuba umonde luphawu olungenakuthelekiswa nanto, nangona kunjalo, luluncedo kakhulu ukulusebenzisa kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi. I-Positive psychology yindlela esebenza xa isetyenziswa kakuhle, yinkqubo efuna unyamezelo nomonde, iziphumo aziyi kuphuma usuku ukuya kolunye kwaye ukuba olu luphawu olusilelayo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uqala ukuziqhelanisa ukuze usetyenziswe rhoqo.
Isidima seengcinga zokuziphatha
Ivela kwigama elithi "phronesis" (phronesis) elathathwa kwincwadi ethi Nicomachean Ethics, eyayibhalwe kwiindlela ezixabisekileyo kunye nemigaqo eyabhalwa ngu-Aristotle waza wayinikezela kunyana wakhe, owayenegama elifanayo. Eli gama line-etymology entsonkothileyo kwaye inzima, ethi ngokufutshane iguqulelwe njengokuqonda, ukuqonda kunye nokuqonda, konke kuxhomekeke kwindlela abantu abanxibelelana ngayo igama nentsingiselo ngokubanzi.
U-Aristotle ucebise eli gama njengendlela ekufuneka senze ngayo ukuze siqaphele xa kukho into engalunganga ekuziphatheni kwethu, ukuba sinesibindi sokuyamkela, kodwa ngaphezu kwayo yonke into eyenza umzamo wokutshintsha. Injongo yolu qheliselo kukusinceda siphuhlise amandla ethu, ngakumbi kwinkalo yokuziphatha neyokuziphatha, ukuze samkele iimpazamo zethu kwaye oku kusinika iziphumo ezingcono kwizisombululo zethu.