Ngokumalunga nezilwanyana ezikhula phakathi kwendalo, kunokucingwa ukuba i-Viviparous Animals iyaqatshelwa ngenxa yokuba ifumana ukukhula kwenzala ngaphakathi kwesisu emva kokuchunyiswa, uyamenywa ukuba ufunde kancinci malunga nezilwanyana. izilwanyana viviparous kwaye oko kuzibonakalisa ukuze babe nomdla, kunye ne I-squirrel.
Ziziphi izilwanyana ze-viviparous?
Kubhekiselwa kwizidalwa ezivela kwi-embryonic, ebizwa ngokuba yi-viviparity, yindlela izilwanyana ezanyisayo ezizala ngayo, ezibizwa ngokuba zizilwanyana ze-viviparous. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezilwanyana ezenza ixesha labo lokuzala ngokusebenzisa i-viviparity, kuquka iintlanzi, izirhubuluzi kunye ne-amphibians.
Phakathi kwezilwanyana ezininzi, ngaphandle kwe-platypus kunye ne-echidna, izidalwa ze-viviparous zithethwa; Ngamanye amazwi, imazi ifumana amadlozi enkunzi yaye xa idibana neqanda, inkwenkwe iqala ukukhula.
Uhlobo lwendlela ezivelisa ngayo zilula kakhulu, ekubeni ezi nzala zithuthelwa kwisibeleko sikanina, kwaye ke zinyanyekelwa kwaye zondliwe nguye, ubonakaliswa ngokuba yi-viviparity. Abantu zizidalwa eziphilileyo, njengazo zonke izilwanyana zohlobo olwanyisayo, nangona kunjalo, zininzi izidalwa ezisemhlabeni, zamanzi kunye nezirhubuluzi ezabelana ngale meko.
Uphuhliso lwe-Embryonic kwizilwanyana
Nangona kunjalo, ukuqonda ngenene ukuba zeziphi izidalwa ze-viviparous, kubalulekile ukuxoxa ngenkqubela phambili yenqanaba lokuqala okanye le-embryonic, elixesha elidlulayo kwinkqubo yokuchumisa ukuya ekufikeni komntu omtsha. Ngaloo ndlela, ekuphindaphindeni ngokwesondo kwezidalwa, iintlobo ezintathu zophuhliso lwe-embryonic kufuneka zihlulwe:
Izilwanyana zeViviparous, ezithi emva kokuchumisa kwangaphakathi, iintsana ziqala inkqubo yazo yophuhliso ngaphakathi kwendawo ethile yomzimba kamama, ezikhusela kwaye zizigcine de zikhule ngokupheleleyo kwaye zilungele ukuthuthwa ngokuzala.
Kumgca wezilwanyana ezine-oviparous: Kule meko, ukulungiswa ngokudibanisa kwangaphakathi kwenzeka, nokuba kuyintoni na, ukuqhubela phambili kokukhula kwaloo mbumba ethi, nangona ibonakala iqala, ivele ngaphandle komzimba kamama, ngaphakathi kweqanda.
Izidalwa ze-Ovoviviparous: ukongeza ngonyango ngokuchumisa kwangaphakathi, izinto eziphilayo eziziintsana zezidalwa ze-ovoviviparous zenziwa ngaphakathi kweqanda, nangona kule meko iqanda lihlala ngaphakathi emzimbeni wabazali, de lizalwe kwaye ngale ndlela. , ukuzalwa kolutsha.
Iintlobo zokuzala kwezilwanyana ze-viviparous
Nokuba yeyiphi na imeko, ngaphandle kokwahlula phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zenkqubela phambili ezenzeka kwinqanaba lokuqala, kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba kukho iintlobo ezininzi zokuzala kwizilwanyana ze-viviparous:
I-placental viviparous: zezo ziphuhla ngaphakathi kwi-placenta, ilungu elidityaniswe kwisibeleko esihamba ngexesha lokukhulelwa ukuze siphendule kwi-fetus. Imodeli iya kuba ngumntu.
i-marsupial viviparous: ngokungafaniyo nezinye izidalwa ezanyisayo, ii<em>marsupials zifumana ithuba lokuzala zingakhange ziphuhliswe nokuphuhliswa, zithatha isimo sazo ngaphakathi kwe<em>marsupium, ipokotho yangaphandle ephuhlisa isakhono esifana ne<em>placenta. Eyona modeli idumileyo ibonakala kwikhangaru.
Ovoviviparous: Njengoko unokucinga kakuhle, ngumxube phakathi kwe-viviparism kunye ne-oviparism. Kule meko, umama ubeka amaqanda ngaphakathi emzimbeni wakhe, apho aya kuqandusela ade akhule ngokupheleleyo. Intshontsho linokuzalelwa ngaphakathi okanye ngaphandle komzimba kamama.
Iimpawu zezilwanyana ze-viviparous
Umgaqo oqhelekileyo wezidalwa ze-viviparous kukuba i-organism engaphuhliswanga ikhula kwisibeleko sikamama de igqibe ngokucacileyo ixesha layo: ibhinqa lifumana incindi yendoda kwaye ngokuyidibanisa ne-ovum yayo, ixesha lokuqhubela phambili kwe-fetus liqala.
Kwakhona kunokuthiwa inzala ikhula ngaphakathi kwe-placenta, apho ifumana izongezo ezibalulekileyo kunye neoksijini ukuphuhlisa; apho bahlala bephila de kuvele ukuzalwa.
Ekuphela kwento eyahlukileyo koku zii<em>marsupials, ezikhula kuhlobo lwengxowa ebekwe kwisisu semazi, apho zinokuhlala khona kangangesiqingatha senyanga emva kokuzalwa.
Ixesha lokukhula lixhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nakubungakanani besidalwa; Enye imbono eyahlula izidalwa ze-viviparous linani lolutsha olunokuba nalo ngokukhulelwa okanye i-litter. Imvundla yenye yezona zizala kakhulu, ngelixa umntu engomnye wabancinci.
Imizekelo yezilwanyana ze-viviparous-Viviparous mammals
Ziziphi izidalwa ze-viviparous? Phantse zonke izidalwa ezanyisayo, kukho iimeko ezimbalwa ezikhethekileyo zezilwanyana ezizii-oviparous ezizizilwanyana ezanyisayo, ezithathwa njengeemonotremes ezinkulu ezinee-arhente eziphambili ezifana ne-echidna emangalisayo kunye ne-platypus enkulu.
Kule meko, kufuneka sidibanise neentlobo zezilwanyana zaselwandle, njengeminenga, amahlengesi kunye nama-narwhals, kunye neentlobo eziphambili zezidalwa ezibhabhayo ezikwayizilwanyana ezincancisayo: ilulwane.
- Iikati
- Umvundla
- inkani
izilwanyana zobisi
- IChimpanzee ethandekayo
- indlulamthi enobubele
- Indlovu entle
- Ihagu emfutshane
- UKumkani weNgonyama
izilwanyana viviparous zasemanzini ezanyisayo
- umnenga omkhulu obulalayo
- Narwhal
- ihlengesi elihlekisayo
- umnenga omhle
- Umnenga oxabisekileyo wesperm
Izilwanyana zeViviparous - iintlanzi zeViviparous
Ukuqhubela phambili nenqaku kwi izilwanyana viviparous, kufuneka wazi iintlanzi ezithile ze-viviparous ezaziwa ngcono, nangona ngokwenene ziyizidalwa ze-ovoviviparous. Kuyacaciswa ukuba, kwiindidi zeeguppies, iiplatys okanye iimollies:
- I-Dermogenis pusillus emangalisayo
- I-Poecilia wingei enkulu
- I-Xiphophorus maculatus enomtsalane
- I-Xiphophorus helleri eyaziwayo
- Iipoecilia sphenops
- Kwakhona iPoecilia reticulata
- Nomorhamphus liemi
Izilwanyana zeViviparous - iViviparous amphibians
Njengakwimeko yangaphambili, izidalwa ze-viviparous zomhlaba kunye namanzi aziqhelekanga, nangona kunjalo, izidalwa ezibini ziye zafunyanwa ngokomyalelo weCaudata:
- I-Triton
- Intulo
izilwanyana viviparous
Ekwenzeni esi sishwankathelo esihle kakhulu seMizekelo yezilwanyana zeViviparous, ezinye izilwanyana ezirhubuluzayo ze-viviparous nazo zikhankanyiwe. Nangona uninzi lwezilwanyana ezirhubuluzayo zi-oviparous, iintlobo ezithile ezicacileyo ziye zafumanisa ukuba i-viviparity epheleleyo:
- I-Imperious Boa
- Inyoka yaselwandle enomtsalane
- Inyoka Rattlesnake
Ukuchaza imizekelo yezilwanyana ze-viviparous
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku uninzi lwezilwanyana ezinomqolo ziyi-viviparous, ngaphandle kwe-platypus kunye ne-echidna, njengoko zibeka amaqanda (ziyi-oviparous). Amanye amaqela ezilwanyana, okuphindaphindwa kwawo ngokuzala kwenzeka ngemazi elungiselelwe ngokuqhanyiswa yindoda ethwele intshontsho layo esibelekweni, ngala:
Indlulamthi
Kwimeko yeNdlulamthi, idibana neemazi kwisigaba sokuzala kunye nesithembu ngexesha lonyaka apho iimazi zishushu. Ukukhula kuqhubeka kwisithuba sexesha leentsuku ezingama-400 nama-460, kwaye emva kwelo xesha umama uzale ithole limi ngeenyawo: Ithole liphakama ngomva lize liwe phantsi lisike inkaba. Emva kokuhlanjwa, uyaphakama athabathe amanyathelo aphambili, aze emva koko achithe inyanga encanyathiselwe kuye ngelixa exhamla kubisi lwakhe.
Elephant
Esi senzo sokukhwelana sinokwenzeka nanini na enyakeni: Kanye xa imazi ilungele ukukhwela, yenza izandi ukuze ibize iinkunzi, ezilwa zodwa ukuze kujongwe ukuba ngoyena ukufanelekelayo ukuzala.
Indlovu sesona sidalwa sikhule kakuhle esinexesha elide lokufukamela (iinyanga ezingama-22), nangona sinethole elinye ngexesha. Usebenza ngobisi lwebele ukuya kwiminyaka emihlanu kwaye angatya izinto eziqinileyo ukusuka kwisiqingatha sonyaka.
Umvundla
Ngokuhlonela Umvundla, iimazi zinokuzala ukusuka kwikota yonyaka yobomi. Iindlela zokuthutha ukubeletha ziqhubela phambili, kuba zihlala zivuthiwe kwaye ngoko zivundile.
I-incubation iyaqhubeka kangangeentsuku ezingama-32 kwaye inkunkuma nganye inokwenziwa ziibhuni ezi-4 ukuya kutsho kwi-12, ezizalwa zingaboni kwaye zingenaboya. Umama ubatyelela rhoqo kumqolomba owakhiwe njengekhaya ukuze abanyamekele aze abancancise ngobisi lwakhe.
UMurciélago
Baphila ubomi obuvakalala, kuba bayakwazi ukuzalana namaqabane ambalwa asondeleyo: amanye amadoda ade abe nezibeleko zabafazi abathandanayo. Ukuzala kwayo kwenzeka ngaphambi kwexesha lokufukama kwindawo enemozulu epholileyo okanye ixesha elithile lonyaka kwiindawo ezishushu.
Ngokumalunga nexesha lophuhliso, linokwahluka phakathi kweentsuku ezingama-40 kunye neenyanga ezili-10 ngokuxhomekeke kwimozulu. Ubukhulu becala, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ngokuqhelekileyo baya kuzala injana enye kwi-litter nganye.
Panda
Nangona iintlobo zeebhere zineempawu ezithelekisekayo malunga nokusasazwa ngokuzala, ezinye zineendlela ezahlukeneyo, umzekelo ipanda. Ithuba lokuzala intwasahlobo, ixesha lophuhliso liqhubeka iinyanga ezintlanu kwaye banokuba neentsana ezimbalwa kwi-litter, ezingaboni kakuhle kwaye zinobunzima be-140 grams. Umama ubancancisa kangangezihlandlo ezili-14 ngosuku yaye bahlala naye ukuya kutsho kwiminyaka emibini.
Ihlengesi
Esi silwanyana viviparous senza isenzo saso sesondo ngendlela emfutshane kakhulu, bayenza ubuso ngobuso ukuze bavelise. Banexesha lophuhliso elisusela kwiinyanga ezili-11 ukuya kwezili-17 ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo oluthile kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo banomntwana ngamnye ngokulandelelana. Bamncancisa ngobisi lukamama ngamaxesha aphambili obomi baze bamnyamekele ngokugqibeleleyo.
