Phantse zonke izilwanyana zasemanzini zineegill zokufumana ioksijini ngaphantsi kwamanzi, ezi zinokuba kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba wazo nangaphandle okanye ngaphakathi, emva koko siya kukubonisa izilwanyana eziphefumla ngeegill; Siyakumema ukuba uqhubeke ufunda ukuze ufumanise ukuba bayintoni na.
ukuphefumla kwegill kwizilwanyana
Ebantwini senza utshintshiselwano lwegesi ukuze siphefumle, sibulela kwimiphunga kunye neempumlo zomzimba wethu. Nangona kunjalo, kwimeko yezilwanyana ezinjengeentlanzi okanye ezinye izilwanyana zasemanzini, eziphefumla ngaphantsi kwamanzi ngenxa ye-oksijini encinci ekhoyo kwindawo yasemanzini. La malungu abizwa ngokuba ziigill okanye iigill.
Ukuphefumla kwakhe ngeembilini kumkhupha ezo zilwanyana zihlala elwandle. Iigill ngamalungu okuphefumla adla ngokusuka kwelinye lamaleko e-embryonic.
Iigill zihlala zivela kwimingxuma yendalo yomzimba kwaye zibonakaliswa njengoluhlu lwee-filaments ezidityanisiweyo ezinegazi eliphezulu, apho kudlula amanzi atyebileyo oksijini, angena emlonyeni, avelise i-gaseous exchange.
Yintoni i-gill respiration okanye i-gill respiration?
Ukuphefumla kweGill kukutshintshana kweegesi, oko kukuthi, ukuphefumla kwi-H2O. Zizinto eziphilayo ezifumaneka ngasemva kwentloko kwizilwanyana zasemanzini. Ukubonakala kwayo kukuba ngamaphepha amancinci alungiselelwe ukuba abe phezu komnye nomnye kunye nemithambo yegazi emininzi kwisakhiwo sayo.
Ukusebenza kwe-gill respiration kuqala xa i-mollusk okanye i-amphibian ifunxa ioksijini emanzini.Ioksijeni ithuthelwa kwiithishu ezahlukeneyo kunye neegill kunye namalungu afunwa yimetabolism kunye nokuphefumla kweeseli kwimitochondria yeseli.
Nje ukuba le oksijini kunye nokuphefumla kweselula kusetyenziswe, idioksidi iveliswa ngumzimba kwindawo engqongileyo. Ikharbon diokside ilandela indlela echaseneyo, oko kukuthi, iphinda idlulele kulwelo lwangaphakathi ize iye kwiiseli okanye kwimiphunga apho ithi isasazeke ize ikhutshwe zizo.
Iintlobo zeegill: zangaphandle nangaphakathi
Elwandle kukho izilwanyana ezineendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuphefumula, ezi zingaphandle nangaphakathi, ezi ziya kuxhomekeka kubukhulu kunye neempawu zezilwanyana, nokuba zinemiphunga okanye ayikho. Ezinye izilwanyana zisebenzisa kuphela ioksijini edla ngokuba nayo ulwandle, njengezipontshi okanye iikomkomere ezongezelelweyo.
Iigilizi zangaphandle
Ngokutsho kwezazinzulu, iigill zibonakaliswa ngamacwecwe amancinci kwindawo ephezulu yomzimba wabo. Olu hlobo lwegill lukwanazo nezingeloncedo ezithile ezifana nokuba lula ukwenzakalisa, ukuqaqamba ngakumbi kumarhamncwa kunye nokwenza ukuhamba elwandle kube nzima kakhulu.
Iigill zangaphandle zikhulu kwii-invertebrates zaselwandle ezifana ne-molluscs, annelids, imibungu yasemanzini, njl. Kwaye phakathi kwezinye izilwanyana zasemanzini okanye ezisemanzini (ii-amphibians) ezifana nenewts kunye nesalamanders yasemanzini.
Iigill zangaphakathi
Ezi zifumaneka kwiintlanzi ezinemiphunga kwaye zifuna ukuba nazo ngaphakathi ukuze zikwazi ukuphefumla ngaphandle kwengxaki, ngokukodwa zibekwe phantsi kwe-pharynx yentlanzi, apho zinika ukusetyenziswa okungcono kwinkqubo yayo yokuphefumla.
Olu hlobo lwegill luphuma ikakhulu kwizilwanyana zaselwandle, ezifana neentlanzi.
izilwanyana eziphefumla ngeegill
Ukucacisa ngakumbi ukuba zeziphi izilwanyana eziphefumla ngeegill, siya kukubonisa kuluhlu, zezi zilandelayo:
Rana
Isele yisilwanyana sasemanzini esihlala emanzini ekuthi kwimeko yalo yombungu idinga iigill ukuze ikwazi ukuphefumla.
Pulpo
Ingwane sisilwanyana esibonakala ngokuba luhlobo lwe cephalopod kwaye siphefumla ngee gill, ngendlela efanayo zine ventricles ezintathu zentliziyo ezidinga ioksijini ephuma elwandle ukuze zikwazi ukusebenza kwaye zithwele igazi ukuya kwindawo nganye yomzimba kwaye oku. yenza nako ukukhupha i-inki yakho.
Clam
Inezibini ezimbini zeegill, ezenziwe ngamashidi e-ciliated. Ukongeza, bancedisa kulawulo lwe-osmotic, ukugaya kunye nokukhupha.
IsiTiburon
Kuzo zonke iindidi ukusuka kukrebe omhlophe ukuya kwi-whale shark, ineembilini ezenziwe ngezicubu ezivela kumzimba wayo we-cartilaginous ezivuleka kwaye zivale ukuvumela ukuhamba kwamanzi kunye negesi.
Stingray
Ookrebe bane-cartilaginous gill structure, ebekwe kwindawo esezantsi yomzimba, kufuphi nesiseko samaphiko abo omqolo.
Umvundla wolwandle
Yimollusk emide enobude obungangeesentimitha ezingamashumi amabini. Iigill zayo zifumaneka kuphela kwicala lasekunene lentloko.
lungfish
Kanye kunye ne-Australia kunye ne-Afrika, banenkqubo yokuphefumla kabini ebavumela ukuba baphile ixesha lonyaka ngaphandle kwamanzi, ngendlela efanayo kukho izilwanyana eziphefumla ngoqhoqhoqho Zoluhlobo.
axolotl
I-axolotl isilwanyana esisengozini esidinga iigill ezintathu zokuphefumula, zivela eMexico, iipilisi zesi silwanyana ziphezulu kwentloko. Ezi gill eziphezu kwentloko yayo ngendlela ye-antenna zamkela kuphela amanzi acocekileyo ukugcina i-Axolotl iphila.
ingubo enkulu
I-manta enkulu luhlobo lwentlanzi ye-chondrichthyan, oko kukuthi, intlanzi ene-cartilaginous skeleton, ihlala emanzini afudumele kunye namanzi aphantsi olwandle, nangona kunzima ukubala ubunzulu, kuyaziwa ukuba bubunzulu. isilwanyana esihlala kwiingqaqa.
ibhegi yesibane
Le ntlanzi iphefumla ngeegill, kodwa ijongwa ngendlela efanayo nesifunxi-gazi saselwandle kuba, itya inkunkuma yeentlanzi, xa iphefumla amanzi angena ngentunja yeegill kwaye aphume ngomngxuma omnye, ngokungafaniyo nezinye iintlobo.
Le ntlanzi inokuxatyiswa kuphela emanzini aseAfrika kwaye iyakwazi ukuphila kwityuwa kunye namanzi ahlambulukileyo, yiyo loo nto ithathwa njengentlanzi ye-anadromous.
imbaza enkulu
Le mollusk enkulu ihlala kuLwandlekazi lwePasifiki kwaye iphefumla ngeegill ngendlela yesiphon, kwelinye icala, imunca kwaye kwelinye iyayikhupha.
Ezinye iintlobo zezilwanyana eziphefumla ngeegill
- I-blue shark, i-whale shark, i-hammerhead shark, i-ray shark, Eel shark
- Dorado, Tilia, Betta intlanzi, Guppy
- Lionfish, wabona, wrasse, inyanga
- I-eels, i-sturgeon, i-tuna, i-cod, i-sardine
- Bighead, Discus, Scalar, Angelfish
- Intlanzi, iCarp, Mudfish, Prawns, Shrimp, Crabs
- Swordfish, puffer, rainbow, stonefish, piranha
- Iikreyifishi, iinkumba zaselwandle, iiurchins zolwandle, ama-seahorses, ama-slugs olwandle
- Iikhukhamba zoLwandle oluqhelekileyo, iiCucumber zaseLwandle lwaseJapan
- I-Renacuajos
