Los Izilwanyana Ezinambuzane, ngabo bonke abanobuchule bokubonelela okanye ukugcina ukutya kokutya okuxhaswe ngokupheleleyo okanye ngokuyinxenye ngama-invertebrates. Oko kukuthi, izinambuzane, kuquka i-arachnids, iintshulube kunye neenkumba. Fumana konke malunga nabo apha.
Izilwanyana Ezinambuzane
Los izilwanyana ezinambuzane, zezo zibhekisa kwezo Iintlobo zezilwanyana okanye iintlobo. Banokutya okuyingxenye okanye okupheleleyo, okutyebileyo kwizilwanyana ezingenamqolo. Apho isiphelo kukutya kwiiprotheni ezi zikwazi ukubonelela. Ukuqheleka ukuba ukungeniswa kubaluleke kakhulu:
- Insectos
- Iiarachnids
- Iimpethu
- Isineyile
Ukuba nomehluko wokuba umzekelo kusenokubakho iindidi ezitya izinambuzane kuphela. Ngelixa ezinye zidibanisa ezi kunye nemifuno, iziqhamo, iziqu, amaqabunga, phakathi kwabanye. Oko kukuthi, baya kuba yindibaniselwano yezinambuzane kunye nezilwanyana ezidliwayo, okanye umxube we-insectivore kunye ne-frugivore (yeziqhamo), kunye ne-granivore (yeenkozo) okanye abanye.
Ngokunjalo, kukho iindidi zezilwanyana ezitya kuzo kuphela ngexesha elinye lobomi bazo. Ukwenzeka ukuba emva koko babuyele ekudleni rhoqo okanye kwimihla ngemihla. Okanye ngokuchasene noko, basuka bawutshintshe ngokusisigxina umkhwa wabo.
Ngokomzekelo, ezo zirhubuluzi kwisigaba sazo sokuqala okanye kwiinyanga zobomi zisekela ukutya kwazo kwizinambuzane. Kukho nabanye ukuba, ngenxa yemfuno ye-caloric yezinto eziphilayo zokuzala kunye nokuzala, yenza oko kuphela kwesi sigaba, phakathi kwabanye. Okuthetha ukuthi, ukuba iziphatha njengemfuneko okanye umphelelisi kwimfuno ethile.
Ukumelwa kwi-Ecosystem
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba izinambuzane zenza ikhonkco elisisiseko kwikhonkco lokutya. Ngenxa yezi zinto zifunekayo iprotheyini yezilwanyana. Ezikwanamandla okuba zikhona kuzo zonke i-ecosystems kwiPlanethi yoMhlaba.
Uninzi lwazo izilwanyana ezinambuzane Zenziwe ziintaka. Nangona kunjalo, ezininzi zezinambuzane ngokwazo zibandakanyiwe kuluhlu. Kwakunye nezilwanyana eziphila emhlabeni, ezirhubuluzayo, ezanyisayo, ii-arachnids, iintlanzi kwaye, nangona ingakholeleki, nezinye izityalo.
Igalelo elibalulekileyo lale fomu, indlela okanye ukutya. Kukuba ngale ndlela ulungelelwaniso okanye ummiselo ugcinwa. Ngenani lezitshabalalisi ezikhoyo emhlabeni. Ngenxa yokuba ukufumana ingcamango, ezi zilwanyana zincinane zizonke zingaphezulu ngokumangalisayo yaye zingaphezu komlinganiselo wabantu.
Yintoni izinambuzane?
Izinambuzane zi-arthropods kwaye lelona qela lahlukeneyo lezilwanyana kwiPlanethi yoMhlaba. Ezi zincinci zinemilo yomzimba wazo ohlukeneyo, zihlulwe kwaye zisekwe entloko, i-thorax kunye neziphetho. Okukuthi ngexesha lokuzivelela okanye uphuhliso lwenze utshintsho oluvelisa utshintsho kwimo yabo, kunye nemisebenzi. Bakho emzimbeni wabo:
- iperi yee-eriyali
- Iphiko elinye okanye ezimbini
- izibini ezintathu zemilenze
Phakathi kokuhlelwa kwayo okubalaseleyo zezi:
- Odonata, enamaphiko amabini amabini afana nohlabamanzi.
- I-Dermaptera, enee-eriyali ezibhityileyo nezinde ezingatyhilekanga, njengeendlebe.
- Ii<em>Diptera okanye ii<em>haltere, ezinamaphiko amabini afana neempukane neengcongconi.
- ILepidoptera, njengenundu kunye namabhabhathane.
- Hymenoptera, ezifana iimbovane, iinyosi kunye noonomeva.
- I-Coleoptera, eyathi emva kokuguqulwa kwayo, kwiibini ezimbini zamaphiko, inesibini esisodwa esisele.
- I-Orthoptera, enemilenze yangemva ekhethekileyo yokutsiba njengeentethe neeqakamba.
- Dictyopterans, ezifana namaphela.
Iimpawu zezilwanyana ezinezinambuzane
Phakathi kommeli okanye iimpawu ezifanelekileyo ze izilwanyana ezinambuzane kukho oku kulandelayo:
Isisu esinamandla, esine-corpulent kunye ne-resistant
Ukuze silungise ukutya, isilwanyana esizitshabalalisi kufuneka sibe nesona sisu sinamandla nesixhathisayo. Ngaphandle kokushiya ukuba kufuneka ibe nobukhulu obuthile obuvumela ukuba inyamezele kwaye iqhube inkqubo. Oku kubangelwa imfuneko efunekayo kunye nephakamileyo yokugaya iindawo ezinzima zexhoba labo eliqulunqwe "chitin". Yeyiphi into efunyenwe kumzimba we-arthropod oye waginywa.
Kwakhona ukuba nobuchule bokuba ezi zilwanyana zifakwe ngokupheleleyo kwaye ngoko nangoko. Ngoko ke, isisu kufuneka sihambisane nenkqubo yokugaya, ngokungathandabuzekiyo inzima kwaye ifuna.
Iimvakalelo
Izilwanyana ezinokutya oku kutya zinendawo yokufumana amaxhoba azo zisebenzisa izivamvo zazo. Kukho ezinye ezigqamayo ngezivamvo zabo zokujoja ezibalaseleyo, eziphuhliswe kakhulu, ezinokuthi ngazo zifumane amaxhoba azo naphantsi komhlaba.
Umbono wabo useyinto entle kakhulu, kuba bayakwazi ukubona eyona ntshukumo incinci kumgama omde. Ukwazi ukufumana lula isinambuzane abaya kuthi kamva basiginye.
I-echolocation yeyona ndlela iphambili yokubeka okanye ukufumana ixhoba labo, ngakumbi ebusuku. Ngenxa yesakhono esinamandla sokwazi okusingqongileyo ngokuphuma kwezandi kunye nokutolikwa kwe-echo.
Ulwimi olulungisiweyo
Los izilwanyana ezinambuzaneZinolwimi oluguqulelwe ngokupheleleyo xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo zezilwanyana. Ukuqaphela ukuba inde kakhulu, kwaye incangathi (incangathi).
Umzekelo woku ngulowo uboniswa kwizirhubuluzi ezininzi, Iintlobo zeentaka, izilwanyana ezanyisayo kunye nezilwanyana ezihlala emanzini.
Ukuba isilwanyana, kwelinye icala, asinalo ulwimi olusivumela ukuba sithabathe ukutya okuncinci okanye okuncinci kumgama. Ayizukuba ngumqobo ukuyifumana kuba emzimbeni wakho uya kuba nolunye uphuhliso oluya kuthi luqhubele phambili imfuno efanayo. Njengoko kunjalo nge-Aye Aye Monkey, enomunwe omncinci kakhulu kunye nomde, onikwe isikhonkwane esibukhali.
Iinwele ezinovakalelo
Ezi nwele ezibuthathaka, ezibizwa ngokuba yi "vibrissae", zifumaneka kwezinye zezi zilandelayo, ngaloo ndlela ziququzelela ukufunyanwa kwesinambuzane esisondelayo esenza ixhoba laso. Ezi zinokubekwa phakathi kwezinye kwi:
- izityalo ezitshabalalisayo.
- Izilwanyana ezanyisayo (entloko, amalungu omzimba okanye emlonyeni).
- Iintaka (ezantsi kweentsiba zamaphiko, imilenze okanye emazantsi omlomo).
- I-Diptera, ekusondeleni kwayo kumlomo womlomo, phakathi kwabanye.
Iindlela zokuzingela
Iindlela ezisetyenziselwa ukubamba okanye ukuzingela amaxhoba yi izilwanyana ezinambuzane Bahluke kakhulu omnye komnye. Ukuba nezinto ezifana nezi zilandelayo:
- Qalisa ulwimi njengokudubula kumgama obalulekileyo, ukuvumela ixhoba ukuba lihlale liqhotyoshelwe ngenxa ye-viscosity yalo. Njengoko isetyenziswa ngamasele kunye nolovane.
- Ngokulandela i-stalking, ukusukela kunye nokubanjwa okulandelayo, apho ukukhululeka kukhishwa yi-vibration eyenziwa yixhoba kunye nokuhamba kwayo. Izigcawu zibalasele ekuphakamiseni iintshukumo.
Ulawulo lwebhayoloji
Ezi zenziwa ngokungeniswa kwindawo efunekayo yeentlobo zezinambuzane. Ofumana ngayo ukulawula ukuhlanganiswa okuphezulu kwezinambuzane kwindawo.
Apho inzuzo ikukuba azitshabalaliswanga ngokupheleleyo njengoko kwenzeka ngokusetyenziswa kwezibulali zinambuzane okanye izitshabalalisi. Kodwa ubuninzi bayo buncitshisiwe, ukudala imeko kunye nolawulo olupheleleyo lwezinto eziphilayo. Ukongeza kwiindleko zokunciphisa ngokupheleleyo, njengoko kuyinto yendalo.
Imizekelo Yezilwanyana Ezinambuzane
Le ilandelayo yimizekelo ye izilwanyana ezinambuzane:
Izilwanyana ezanyisayo
Kwizilwanyana ezanyisayo ezikhoyo, ngaphezu kweentlobo ze-400 zizinambuzane, ngaphandle kokuba zincinci kwizilwanyana. Phakathi kwazo kukho:
- IArmadillo
Ngaphandle kokuthanda iingcambu ze-tuberculous, esi silwanyana sithandwa kakhulu kwii-amphibians ezincinci, izilwanyana ezirhubuluzayo, kunye nezinambuzane. Apho obo bumnandi benziwa ikakhulu yimisundululu, ooqongqothwane, iintubi, iimbovane, iintshulube, imibungu, iintethe neenkumba.
- UMurciélago
Esi sesinye sezilwanyana ezincancisayo ezithi, kuxhomekeke kwiindidi, kukutya kwazo. Ngokuphathelele amalulwane ezinambuzane, ezi ziquka ukwahlukana okunamandla ekutyeni kwazo, phakathi kwazo ezigqamileyo, izinambuzane, amanundu, amaxoxo, iintaka ezincinci. Njengeengcongconi, amanye amalulwane, intlanzi, amabhungane, amacilikishe, amanundu, phakathi kwabanye.
Amphibians
Izilwanyana zasemanzini ezinezinambuzane zibalasele ngokuba nolwimi oluncangathi kakhulu, nto leyo ebanceda ngokupheleleyo ukuze izinambuzane zihlale zincamathele ngoko nangoko. Imizekelo yezi:
- Intulo
Le insectivorous amphibian ine-predilection yokutya i-coleopterans efana ne-ladybugs kunye nooqongqothwane. Iigastropods ezifana neenkumba, i-oligochaetes njengemisundululu. Iindidi ezinkulu zezinambuzane, izigcawu, iintshulube, phakathi kwabanye.
- Inkunzi yesele
I-bullfrog yinxalenye ye izilwanyana ezinambuzane etya izigcawu, amalulwane, iintaka ezincinci, amafudo, iintlanzi, iimpuku, iinyoka. Kwakhona amacikilishe, iinkumba, amacikilishe, phakathi kwezinye.
Intlanzi
Ezi zinolwimi oluzivumelayo ukuba zizingele amaxhoba azo, zilunge kakhulu ekuzilandeleni. Phakathi kwazo zezi zilandelayo:
- ICarp
Ngaphandle kokutya izityalo zasemanzini, le ntlanzi itsalwa kakhulu zizinambuzane, iintshulube, imisundululu, kunye ne zooplankton kunye neecrustaceans.
- Iintlanzi zezembe
Intlanzi ye-hatchet ibandakanya ekutyeni kwayo, iintshulube, imibungu yeengcongconi, i-shrimp, iimpukane zeziqhamo, iimpukane zeviniga, phakathi kwabanye.
Izilwanyana
Uninzi lwezirhubuluzi lutya izinambuzane. Nangona kunjalo, kukho abo badla ngolu hlobo kuphela kwiinyanga zabo zokuqala zobomi baze batshintshe umkhwa wabo ngokupheleleyo emva kokufikelela kwinqanaba elithile lophuhliso. Phakathi kwezirhubuluzi ezinambuzane zilandelayo:
- Inyamakazi
Ilovane lelinye izilwanyana ezinambuzane enokutya okungafaniyo kakhulu, apho i-predilection yayo isekelwe kwi-crickets, amaphela, i-silkworms. Kwakunye neempukane zeziqhamo, iilobster, iimpukane zeviniga, iintshulube zewax, i-zophobas kunye ne-tenebrio larvae, iintethe, phakathi kwezinye.
- inyoka ebomvu
Ngaphandle kokutya ezinye iinyoka, zikwaquka amasele, izirhubuluzi ezincinci kunye nezilwanyana ezanyisayo. Kanye namacikilishe, iintaka, phakathi kwabanye.
Aves
Iintaka ezitya izinambuzane zinobuchule bokuthimba amaxhoba azo. Ukwenza oku, zisebenzisa iinwele ezincinci ezibuthathaka ezifumaneka emazantsi omlomo wazo, nto leyo ezivumela ukuba zibambe ukungcangcazela kwamaphiko exhoba. Umlomo wayo yeyona nto ibambekayo, ikwabanceda xa bekhangela ezi zinto phakathi komhlaba. Imizekelo yezi ntaka yile:
- Ukuginya
Este isilwanyana esinambuzane itya ukutya okwahlukeneyo, eyona ibalaseleyo ziimpukane, iintethe, iimbovane ezibhabhayo. Kwakunye needragonflies, amabhabhathane, iingcongconi, ooqongqothwane, amaqakamba, amanundu, phakathi kwabanye.
- Umthi womthi
I-woodpecker yintaka esekela ukutya kwayo kwiintlobo ezininzi zezinambuzane, iintubi, imibungu yazo zombini iimbovane kunye nooqongqothwane. Ukwanqwenela kakhulu iintshulube, ooqongqothwane abadala, Iimbovane ezindizayo, Amacikilishe. Ixhasa ukutya kwayo ngeziqhamo, incindi yeentyatyambo, incindi yomthi, phakathi kwezinye.
Insectos
Izinambuzane eziziphatha njenge izilwanyana ezinambuzaneBakwaquka imifuno ekutyeni kwabo, kuquka ezo zibolileyo, izidumbu kunye neenkuni. Imizekelo yazo yile:
- Inamba ebhabha
Esi sinambuzane sinezinambuzane sondla iimpukane, amanundu, iingcongconi, amabhabhathane, iinyosi, imibungu yeengcongconi, izinambuzane zasemanzini, iitadpoles, iintlanzi ezincinci. Kwakhona iimpukane, iimbuzane, izinambuzane ezincinci, phakathi kwabanye.
- Oonomeva
Oonomeva, ngaphandle kokubandakanya umungu osuka kwiintyatyambo, iziqhamo kunye ne-carrion ekutyeni kwabo. Ukhetho lwabo lusekelwe kwimibungu yezinye izinambuzane, izinambuzane ezincinci, iikhilikithi, iimpukane, iimopane, izigcawu, phakathi kwabanye.
Iiarachnids
Phantse zonke ii-arachnids zizizinambuzane, imizekelo yazo yile ilandelayo:
- Isiqinisekiso
Le arachnid isekela ukutya kwayo kwiqakamba, iintethe, amaphela, iintshulube, iinkumbi, iimpukane zeziqhamo, imibungu yesilika, iizophobas. Kwakhona amanundu, iintshulube zobusi, amaxoxo, amacilikishe, iimpuku, amasele, ooqongqothwane kunye nezinye ii-arachnids.
- Scorpion
I-scorpion iquka ekutyeni kwayo izinambuzane ezahlukahlukeneyo, amaphela, amaqakamba, iilobster, imisundululu, amacilikishe, amasele, ooqongqothwane, izigcawu, phakathi kwezinye.
I zityalo
Izityalo ezinobugqwirha bokutya izinambuzane zidla ngokubonwa njenge "carnivorous". Kubo, oku kutya kubonisa ukuncedisana nokutya okuqhelekileyo, kuba, njengezinye izityalo kwiPlanethi yoMhlaba, umthombo wabo opheleleyo wamandla uvela kwinkqubo ye-photosynthesis. Phakathi kwezityalo ezihlelwa njengezinambuzane zilandelayo:
- IAldrovanda
Esi sityalo sasemanzini, esiqhele ukuchongwa njengevili lamanzi. Isebenzisa iibladder zayo zokuqubha ukusondela kakhulu kumphezulu. Emva koko isebenzisa amagqabi ayo ancangathi ukuze ibambe ixhoba layo, ize iliginye ngoncedo lwelobes ezirhangqwe ngamazinyo. Ibalasele ngokubandakanya imibungu yeengcongconi ekutyeni kwayo, kunye neentakumba zamanzi eziqhelekileyo.
- UDionaea muscipula
Esi sityalo sinezinambuzane, esizalelwa e-United States of America, kuphela kweentlobo ze-monotypic genus Dionaea. Idla ngokuchongwa ngamagama "Dionea flytrap" okanye "Venus flytrap". Ukutya kwabo kusekelwe ikakhulu kwizinambuzane ezinjengeempukane kunye ne-arachnids. Inkqubo yokwetyisa kwayo emva kokuginya ukutya ithatha malunga neentsuku ezili-10, kulapho ibuya kuzingela ixhoba layo elitsha.
Intsingiselo ye-Entomophagy
Esi sigama seso sichaza abantu abanotyekelo lokutya izinambuzane kunye nee-arachnids njengenxalenye yokutya kwabo. Apho izifundo zicacisa, ukuba kumzimba womntu oku kubonisa i-gastronomy etyebileyo ngezondlo ezikumgangatho obalaseleyo. Kunye nepesenti ephezulu yeprotheyini, apho baqinisekisa ukuba incasa yayo imnandi kwaye ayifani.
Ukuba njengoko kucelwe kakhulu izitya, ngenxa incasa yayo ummeli kwaye zange ngenxa yokunqongophala kokutya, ibhungane kunye nepesenti isicelo 31%. Amabhabhathane namanundu alandela nge-18%; oonomeva, iinyosi kunye neembovane ezine-14%. Intethe nge 13%. Iintwala, iincukuthu kunye neecicadas ezine-10% kunye nezinye zine-14%. Amazwe asetyenziswa rhoqo ngala alandelayo:
EMexico, eMzantsi Afrika, eYiputa, eSomalia, eThailand, eChile, e-Uruguay, eBrazil, eDemocratic Republic of Congo, eMorocco, eAngola, eJapan. Kwakunye neIndiya, iUnited States, iChina, iCentral African Republic, iGhana, iCameroon, iiPhilippines, iOstreliya, phakathi kwabanye.
