Ihlathi laseLacandon ngummandla obalulekileyo eMexico onempembelelo enkulu yokusingqongileyo eChiapas, ngaphezu kokuba yindawo yokuhlala yeentlobo ezininzi zezilwanyana. izilwanyana zaseLacandona Jungle. Ukukhululeka kwayo kunye nemozulu zenza ulungelelwaniso kule nkqubo yendalo eyenza kube lula ukuphila kwayo, ngakumbi ngeli hlathi liza kuchazwa apha.
Ihlathi laseLacandon
Ihlathi laseLacandona okanye iNtlango yaseSoledad, ekummandla waseMexico, ngokukodwa kwiphondo laseChiapas, ngummandla okwangoku ongekabikho nesiqingatha sobungakanani owawukuwo kumashumi amane eminyaka eyadlulayo, oku kungenxa yokuba kugawulwe amahlathi, kukho ummandla okhoyo. bebezingela imihlaba yabo, abantu batshise imililo kwanamaqela abantu ahlala apho ngokungekho mthethweni. Lo ngummandla ogubungela phantse i-13% yommandla wommandla okhankanywe ngasentla.
Ukusukela ngo-1960, ukufuduswa kwezizwe zomthonyama ezifana neeCholes kunye neeTseltals zaqalisa ukugcwala kwezo ndawo zehlathi laseLacandon ezazingahlali bantu ngelo xesha, ezi zizwe zahlala kwimimandla efana neLacanjá-Chansanyab, Naha, Metzabok neBheteli. nabemi abaninzi abangaphezu kwama-500 abantu.
Malunga neminyaka engama-20 kamva, abemi balo mmandla sele begqithile kuma-4.900 eNueva Palestina nangaphezu kwama-3.100 kuMda weCorozal. Ekupheleni kweminyaka yee-80, aba bantu babengaphezu kwama-5.000 abemi. Bahlala kwezi ndawo zinezindlu ezinamaplanga njengeendonga, uphahla lweguano kwaye umgangatho uwumdaka kuphela.
Ukubaluleka kwalo mmandla kulawulo lwe-hydrological eyenzayo, kulawulo lokunxiba komhlaba, ukugcinwa kokufuma kwawo kwaye ezinye izifundo zigqibe kwelokuba isigqubuthelo sayo semifuno sinefuthe kumjikelo wemvula ogubungela iziko leChiapas, olu xinzelelo luvelisa. amandla kwilizwe lonke (ngaphezulu kancinci kwe-30% yamandla ombane aveliswa kwinkqubo ye-Alto Grijalva).
sezulu
El imozulu yehlathi laseLacandona Ubukhulu becala bufumile, nangona kukho iindawo ezithile ezinemozulu eshushu kunye nesiqingatha sobushushu, eyona mozulu ibalaseleyo yindibaniselwano yazo zombini, imozulu eshushu nefumileyo apho ubushushu obuqhelekileyo bungama-22 C °, imvula eqhelekileyo ngonyaka yi-1500 mm. okanye ukuya kuthi ga kwi-3000 mm (nangona le yokugqibela ifikelela kula maxabiso kuphela emantla ehlathi). Ngokuphathelele kwiindawo apho umhlaba uphezulu, ubushushu buhlala buphakathi kwe-18 C° kunye ne-22 C°.
Ngokuqhubekayo nemvula, ezi zixhaphake kakhulu ngexesha lemvula eliqala xa kusehlotyeni lize liqhube de kube phakathi ekwindla. Phakathi kukaMeyi noNovemba unokubona izaqhwithi zetropikhi, konke oku kunye nokufuma, amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye noncedo luququzelela ukuguqulwa kweeminerali ezifumaneka kumazwe abo, kunye nokuthotywa kwezinto eziphilayo ezifumaneka ngobuninzi. apho..
Khu luleka
Uninzi lwehlathi laseLacandon lonakaliswe yimisebenzi yabantu njengoko kukhankanyiwe ekuqaleni kolu ngeniso. Xa uhlaza luphelisiwe, umhlaba wonakaliswa kukuncipha kwezinto eziphilayo ebenazo, ukongezelela ekubeni amanzi ajikeleza ngendlela eyahlukileyo, oku kuququzelela uphuhliso lodongwe oluyiplinthite oluthanda ukwanda kweasidi emhlabeni.
Ngokwenyani, lo mmandla uethe-ethe ngokwezinto ezenziwa ngabantu kumhlaba wawo, nangona iyindalo eyohlukeneyo nentsokothileyo. Kuyenzeka ukuba ubone iintlobo ezimbini zoncedo kule ndawo ukongeza kwi-depressions, nganye inohlobo oluthile lwezityalo:
- Amathambeka afumaneka kwintshona nakumntla-mpuma weli hlathi, zezo ndawo ziphakamileyo ezineeqondo ezingaphezulu kweshumi lokuthambeka ukusukela ekuhambeni kwexesha ziye zakha phezu kwamatye ekalika, ngoko ke imiwonyo ixhaphake kakhulu, nangona ezi zingekho ngaphezulu kwe. 10 yeemitha. Iintlambo eziyimfama nazo ziyinxalenye yolu hlobo lokuqala loncedo.
- Amathafa afumaneka kwiinduli ezenziwe ngamatye ekalika e-dolomitic, anenkangeleko ethe kratya enokunika amathafa umphakamo ongange-1.400 m. Zaye zenziwa ngenxa yokuba amatye avela kwiinduli zeentaba anyibilika ngokuhamba kwexesha ngenxa yokufuma kweempawu zehlathi laseLacandona, imozulu eshushu kunye nesixa esihle sezinto eziphilayo.
Iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo zehlathi laseLacandona
Uhlaza olugqume kwihlathi laseLacandon luvumela iindidi ezininzi zezityalo, phakathi kwezityalo ezingama-265 kunye neentlobo zemithi ezili-160 kuwo wonke ummandla walo. Olu didi kwindawo encinci alunakufumaneka naphi na emhlabeni. Ngokuphathelele izilwanyana zehlathi laseLacandona, kunokwenzeka ukuba ufumane iintlobo ezininzi zezilwanyana, izilwanyana ezirhubuluzayo, izinambuzane kunye neentaka, ezinye zazo ziya kukhankanywa kumacandelo ahambelanayo achazwe ngezantsi:
Iintyatyambo zehlathi laseLacandona
- Umthi weMahogany: Olu hlobo lokuqala árbol Banokufikelela kwiimitha ezingama-50 ukuphakama.
- Imisedare: Iindidi ezininzi zemisedare zichazwe kwihlathi laseLacandon, le mithi inokufikelela kwiimitha ezingama-50 ukuphakama.
- IRosewood: Olu luhlobo olukwabizwa ngokuqhelekileyo ngegama le-tipuana, ubude abanokufikelela kwiimitha ezili-18.
- Bromeliads: Ezi zizityalo zosapho lweBromeliceae, ukulima kwazo akudingi ukhathalelo olukhulu, ngoko ke abantu bahlala bezigcina ngaphakathi kumakhaya abo.
- Ezinye izityalo: Kuyenzeka ukuba ufumane apha izityalo ezifana ne fern, i-mosses, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-orchids, i-lichens kunye neentlobo ezifana ne-Lacandonia schimatica, isityalo esinokulinganisa ukuya kwi-5 centimeters ubude, siguquguqukayo, uphando oluninzi luye lwenziwa ukukhupha ukuba yayiluhlobo lwefungus.
Olu luhlobo olutsha olukwazile ukuhlelwa kuphela kusapho olutsha lwezityalo kumashumi amathathu eminyaka eyadlulayo, kodwa inani labemi balo alikho ngaphezu kwemizekelo engama-30. Kunye nezinye iintlobo zezilwanyana ezisuka kwihlathi laseLacandona, ezi zityalo zisengozini yokuphela.
Izilwanyana zehlathi laseLacandon
Izilwanyana zehlathi laseLacandona zahluke kakhulu, kuphela kwii-invertebrates isimbuku seentlobo ezingaphezu kwama-5.000, ngelixa iindidi ezingama-40 zeentaka kunye ne-20 yezilwanyana ezanyisayo ziye zachazwa, ezinye izilwanyana zehlathi laseLacandona zezi:
- IJaguar: Olu didi lusemngciphekweni wokuphela luye lwabonwa kwihlathi laseLacandona laseMexico, ngaphezu kwe-100 yeejaguar ezihlala kule ndawo ifanelekileyo yokuphila kwazo. Ukuba lo mmandla uthathwa njengekhaya elibalulekileyo leemazi ezifana nezi.
- Ocelots: Ezi ntlobo zifana nejaguar zabelana ngale ndawo yokuhlala kunye neenkawu zesigcawu, iiopossums, iimonkee, kunye nezinye iindidi ezingama-20 zezilwanyana zasehlathini zaseLacandona ezizizilwanyana ezanyisayo.
- Scarlet Macaw: Le yenye yeendidi zale ecosystem engena kuluhlu lwe izilwanyana ezisengozini kwihlathi laseLacandona. Noko ke, ekubeni lusisilwanyana esineentsiba ezimibalabala, kweli lizwe ukuzingela iimacaw ezibomvu kohlwaywa ngokuthothoza iminyaka esithoba entolongweni.
IiMacaw zabelana ngalo mmandla kunye neenkozi, iiquetzal, iitoucans, iiparrots, iiparakeets, phakathi kwezinye iintaka. Ngokuphathelele ezinye iintlobo zezilwanyana, kunokwenzeka ukufumana ooqongqothwane, amasele anamehlo abomvu, amabhabhathane, iindidi zeembovane nezinye iindidi ezingama-5.000 XNUMX zezilwanyana ezikwihlathi laseLacandon ezingenamqolo.