Okubangela umdla kukuba, iGalapagos iphuhlisa iintlobo ezinomtsalane kwaye ingumthombo ongenamkhawulo wokutyhilwa kwezidalwa ezitsha eziphilayo, ke inani izilwanyana galapagos engafane ivalwe ngenxa yokuba ezininzi zihlala ziveliswa.
Imbali emfutshane yeziqithi zaseGalapagos kunye nezilwanyana
Iziqithi zaseGalapagos zineentlobo ezininzi zezilwanyana ezikhethekileyo emhlabeni. Baye bafunyanwa ngokuzithandela ngonyaka we-1535 nguFray Tomás de Berlanga kwaye ixesha elide babeyindawo yokuzimela kunye nobabalo lwe-corsairs, i-whalers kunye nendalo.
Eneneni, kangangexesha elide zazisaziwa njengeziqithi ezinomtsalane. Ngo-1832, iZiqithi zaseGalapagos zongezwa kwi-domain yase-Ecuadorian, kwaye ngo-1835 uCharles Darwin watyelela i-archipelago, uhambo olwalubalulekile kuphando lwakhe lokuziphendukela kwemvelo kunye nokuzimisela okufanayo.
Xa uDarwin wasasaza imvelaphi eyahlukileyo yeentlobo ngonyaka we-1856, emisela esi siqithi sihle njengendawo yehlabathi yezenzululwazi, apho abantu baqala ukucinga ukuba zininzi kangakanani iintlobo ezibonwayo kweso siqithi sinomtsalane.
Kwiminyaka engaphezu kwe-100 emva kwesiganeko, ukususela ngonyaka we-1960, eli qela laqala ukwandisa irejista yabemi, namhlanje ebandakanya ngaphezu kwe-3% yendawo yesiqithi.
Ukuthetha inyaniso, i-arhente yezokhenketho yiyona nto iphambili yemali yeziqithi ezihlala kuyo. Ngonyaka omnye, isiqithi esibangel’ umdla saseGalapágos sinokutyelelwa ngaphezu kwama-270 amawaka. Nangona kunjalo, ukuhamba kwabakhenkethi kulawulwa njengoko iyiNdawo yeLifa leMveli yeHlabathi.
Batsala ingqalelo enkulu ngenxa yobuhle babo obahlukileyo ngenani elikhulu lezilwanyana ezinokubonwa kwimida, inamaza amangalisayo, nto leyo enika uphuhliso oluhle kwizilwanyana ezifanelwe yi-inshurensi.
Eyona ndalo intle-izilwanyana zaseGalapagos
Iziqithi zaseGalapagos ezintle, ziindawo ezimanzi ezikuLwandlekazi olukhulu lwePasifiki, kufutshane ne-Ecuador, zaziwa nguCharles Darwin, kuba ngokuqinisekileyo kwakule ndawo apho waqala khona ukwakha iithiyori zakhe ezingaqhelekanga.
Izilwanyana ezihlala apho zixhaphakile, nto leyo ethetha ukuba azinakufunyanwa kwenye indawo emhlabeni. I galapagos ufudo Iintaka zikaGoliyati kunye noDarwin ziyinxalenye yeetypologi ze izilwanyana galapagos enokwahlulwa kulo mmandla. Ngaba ungathanda ukudibana nezidalwa zeZiqithi zeGalapagos? Ngelo xesha, qhubeka ufunda!
Zingaphi iindidi ezikhoyo eGalapagos?
Kwii-Islets kukho ngaphezu kwe-63 ye-typologies eyahlukeneyo ngokwe-Catalogue eyaziwayo yezilwanyana ezidalwe ngumbutho owaziwa kakhulu uCharles Darwin. Umbuzo oqhelekileyo phakathi kwenethiwekhi yabathandi bendalo kukuba zingaphi iigenera ezikhoyo eGalapagos?
Isishwankathelo esilula sibandakanya yonke into ukusuka kwiintlobo zezityalo, i-mangroves, i-lichens, i-corals ukuya kwizidalwa ezisemhlabeni kunye ne-amphibian, kuquka ne-16 iindidi ezikhethekileyo zofudo olukhulu olwaziwayo emhlabeni.
Imizekelo yezilwanyana eziphambili zaseGalapagos
Nangona kukho iindidi ezingama-63 zegenera kwiPaki yeSizwe yaseGalapagos, xa isishwankathelo seentlobo siphicothwa, kuhlelo ngalunye irekhodi libandakanya ngaphezu kwe-8,900 yemizekelo yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo eziye zahlala eGalapagos ixesha elide.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba isuka kwiimbungu kunye nemizimba emincinci ukuya kwi-pink iguana eyaziwayo efunyenwe kumaxesha amva nje. Ezona ntlobo zigqibeleleyo zezidalwa eGalapagos zezi:
iifudo ezinkulu zomhlaba
KwiZiqithi zeGalapagos kukho iindidi ezininzi zofudo olukhulu, phakathi kwazo lufudo lweGoliath fernandina- Chelonoidis phantasticus okanye iChelonoidis nigra. Imekobume yolu didi ngummandla wentaba-mlilo yeSiqithi saseFernandina, yiyo loo nto ithathwa njengesengozini kwaye inokutshatyalaliswa.
Ukususela ngowe-1906, xa yayilungelelaniswa, akukho mininzi ibonwayo yolu didi lwenziwayo, ingakumbi leyo inokuqinisekiswa. NgoFebruwari ka-2019, kunxulunyaniswa ukuba enye yolu fudo yafunyanwa liqumrhu eliphethe ukhuseleko kunye nekhusi lezi zilwanyana kwiziqithi.
Iifudo zezilwanyana zaseGalapagos zanika iziqithi udumo kunye nokwahlukana kwazo. Kwingcambu yayo, i-galápago imele ufudo. Kodwa le yenye yezinto ezininzi anomdla kuzo, ekubeni kwezi zidalwa yonke into ikhethekile.
Ezi zifudo zikhulu kangangokuba zinobunzima obungama-400 eekhilogram, ezinobude obufikelela kwiimitha ezimbini, ziphila iminyaka eyi-150 zitya izityalo kuphela, kuba ziyizilwanyana ezitya utyani. Ekuphela kwento abayenzayo kukunyuka iintaba zeziqithi befuna ukutya, kuxhomekeka kwixesha lonyaka. Ngomzuzu abangatyiyo, bayaphumla.
Ufudo olukhulu lweGalapagos lunokuchitha unyaka lungakhange lungcamle namanzi okanye lutye, luxhathisa kumafutha alo kuphela. Yiyo loo nto bengabaphumeleleyo abamangalisayo beGalapagos esele ikhona ukusukela kwi-5 kunye ne-10 yezigidi zeminyaka.
Noko ke, kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje baye baphazanyiswa kukwanda kwabantu eziqithini. Ngokuhlala edolophini, izidalwa ezingabonakaliyo zavela, umzekelo, iibhokhwe okanye iihagu, ezidla uhlaza apho iifudo zidla khona, zibeke engozini.
Ukongeza, ngokungena kwamashishini ezolimo asebenza njengesondlo somntu ngamnye, indawo yokutyisa iphelile. Kodwa bahlala, enye yezona ndawo zibalulekileyo zeholide ezixhasa ukuthambekela kwezemali eGalapagos. Zinokufumaneka kwi-10 yeziqithi ze-13 kwisethi.
Iiiguana zaselwandle- Amblyrhynchus cristatus
Phakathi kwezidalwa zaselwandle zeZiqithi zaseGalapagos ezimangalisayo kukho i-iguana yaselwandle enomdla, esinye sezilwanyana ezinokuhlala ngokuzolileyo kufutshane namanzi anetyuwa. Kuqhelekile kule sizinda kunye neyodwa yomfanekiso wayo.
Nangona ubukhulu becala ihlala ngaselunxwemeni, ikwafumaneka nakwimigxobhozo. Lo iguana uzuza kwi-algae eluhlaza kwaye mkhulu kakhulu, kuba iinkunzi zikwazi ukufikelela kwiikhilo ze-15. Njengezinye iindidi zooxam, zichitha amandla azo amaninzi zigcakamela ilanga.
Ikwimeko engenamandla njengoko kubonisiwe yi-IUCN, ngoko ke kufuneka ikhuselwe. I-Galapagos marine iguanas yenye yezona ntlobo zibalulekileyo zezilwanyana ezirhubuluzayo kwindalo yonke ezingena elwandle ukuze zixhamle kwizityalo zasemanzini, oku kuhluke kakhulu kwii-iguana zomhlaba.
Kubonwa njengoluhlu oluphaphileyo njengoko bengenakuzikhusela ngokupheleleyo kwiimeko zemozulu kwaye naluphi na uhlengahlengiso kuluntu lwabo lulumkisa abaphandi ukuba kukho into engalunganga.
Seso sizathu ke esenza buthathaka kukutshintsha kwemekobume, izinto zendalo ezoyikisayo njenge-El Niño, ungcoliseko lwendalo okanye umonakalo obangelwe kukuchitheka kwetyhefu okubangelwa yi-oyile.
Ngaphandle kobuso babo obungathandekiyo ukusa kumlinganiselo othile, i-Galapagos marine iguana zizilwanyana ezitya utyani, zixhamla kwizityalo zasemanzini ezizifumana elwandle xa zitsibela ukuzondla. Ngelo xesha, balala phezu kwamatye ukuze bafudumale elangeni baze bakhuphe ityuwa eqokelela kumalungu abo.
ipensile ye-hedgehog
Esi silwanyana sesinye sezona ziqatshelweyo kwiZiqithi zaseGalapagos. Iyatya imifuno, ixhamla kwizityalo kunye neekorale. Phakathi kwamakhakakhaka ayo unokukhusela iintlobo ezingaphezu kwama-20, umzekelo, i-bryozoans, i-sponges, i-molluscs, i-worms kunye ne-shellfish.
Oku kwenza kube luhlobo lokusekwa, oko kukuthi, enye inika indawo yokuhlala kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo, ukudala umnatha omncinci ongekho omnye umntu. Unokucinga ngee-hedgehogs zeepensile njengezakhiwo ezinkulu ezihambayo ezihlala ezinye izidalwa ezincinci phakathi kwemiqolo yazo.
Zifumaneka kulo lonke iziqithi zaseGalapagos, isiqithi esihle saseCocos kunye neClipperton Atoll eyifantasy yokwenyani. Kuya kuba sisiseko ngakumbi ukuzifumana emva kwe-5 m ukuya kuma-30 m ubunzulu elwandle.
Ikhukhamba yolwandle
Ngomnye wamaqela ezilwanyana zaseGalapagos ezisengozini yokunyamalala, ngenxa yokuloba okungalindelekanga. Nangona ingafane icelwe kubaboneleli baseAsia, ukuloba kwayo kuvaliwe kangangexesha elinzima ukuzama ukubuyisela abemi bayo.
Ikhukhamba yolwandle sisilwanyana se-bioindicator sentlalontle yenkqubo yebhayoloji, kuba ikhupha kwaye ifake i-oxygen ezantsi kolwandle ngenxa yomda wayo wokukhuhla. Ihlala ifunyenwe kubunzulu obungama-40 m kumazantsi arhabaxa kwaye iphawuleka ngomthunzi wayo oluhlaza-umhlaba one papillae emthubi.
Umnenga ukrebe
Ithathwa njengeyona ntlanzi inkulu emhlabeni, inokulinganisa i-20m kwaye inobunzima beetoni ezingama-42. Ihambelana kakhulu nabahlukanisi, njengoko isidalwa esizolileyo, ixhamla kwizilwanyana ezincinci, ayityi abantu.
Olu hlobo lunikezelwa zii-arhente zokhenketho njengenxalenye yobuhle bendalo obunikelwa ziziqithi, zibonwa ngokubanzi kumaxesha onyaka aqala kwiinyanga zikaJulayi ukuya kuDisemba njengombono omkhulu wokuxabisa nokuncoma.
Enye indawo ehlabathini apho unokuntywila khona ngolu hlobo yiBaja California, eMexico. 'Ngukrebe wejelo', okuthetha ukuba uginya amanzi kunye nomjelo wegill wakhe nantoni na evelele ngaphezu kweemilimitha ezimbini, ngoko ke uyaxhamla kwizityalo zaselwandle, iintlanzi ezincinci, i-kryll kunye ne-crustaceans.
Ingwe ekrebe
Uluhlobo lwe izilwanyana galapagos emngciphekweni ngenxa yokuncipha kwabemi bayo ngenxa yokwanda kokuloba. Sisilwanyana esitshutshiselwa inyama yaso, imisipha yaso, i-oyile yaso ekhutshwa esibindini kunye namaphiko aso aluncedo kakhulu ekwenzeni amanqina atyebileyo kwaye anesondlo.
Ulawulo lokutyisa i-tiger shark lutshintshiwe kwaye lubandakanya izilwanyana ezincancisayo, ayisiyonkampani ilungileyo yokuntywila. Yintlanzi engahluziyo, oku kuthetha ukuba sisidlwenguli esibekwe phezulu kwikhonkco lokutya elimangalisayo. Itya, ngakumbi i-shellfish, izilwanyana ezinamaphiko kunye namafudo olwandle.
I-Hammerhead ukrebe
Esi sesinye sezona zilwanyana ziphawulekayo kwii-Galapagos Islands zolwandle kwaye zisengozini yokunyamalala. Intloko yakhe ibonisa ukwakheka kwe-atypical, ngamehlo akhe emacaleni e-T ebanzi, ebonisa iimpumlo zakhe zihluke kakhulu kunesiqhelo, unamandla okuphuhlisa izakhono zakhe zokuqonda.
Inyaniso mayixelwe, ihammerhead sharks banezivamvo ezisixhenxe. Uluvo lwesixhenxe lubavumela ukuba babone amaza kunye neendawo zombane eziveliswa ziintlanzi, oku kubanika umda ongaqhelekanga wokuhamba njengexhoba. Ookrebe baseHammerhead baqubha rhoqo kunye kwiintsapho zamakhulu, ngakumbi kumanzi ashushu, umzekelo ngaphandle kweZiqithi zaseDarwin kunye neWolf kwiZiqithi zeGalapagos.
Uluvo lwabo lokujoja luphuhliswe ngokumangalisayo, yiyo loo nto kufuneka ulumke kakhulu kuba bayalijoja igazi elisuka kumgama weekhilomitha kwaye ke bayingozi ebantwini xa kukho izidalwa ezenzakeleyo okanye abantu abakufutshane nabo. Umbuzo uphakama, nguwuphi umhla ofanelekileyo ukubona ihammerhead sharks eGalapagos? Ixesha elifanelekileyo liphakathi kweenyanga ezihamba ngoJulayi ukuya kuFebruwari.
enkulu yolwandle manta
Zizilwanyana ezikhulu eziqubha ngokuqinileyo, zinomtsalane kakhulu kwaye zigqibelele ukukhapha phakathi kokuntywila, ziyawathanda amanzi ashushu. Zizidalwa ezinokuphila iminyaka emalunga nama-50 nangaphezulu ukuba azibulawanga ngabantu okanye ngababulali beminenga okanye ngamaxhoba amahlosi ookrebe.
Ubukhulu becala, behla bekhangela ukutya kwindawo ye-mesopelagic yolwandle ephakathi kwe-200 kunye ne-1000 m ubunzulu, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba kubunzulu obukhulu kukho iindlela ezininzi zokuphila kunye nonxweme. Oku kukhuselekile kokusingqongileyo. Zinokubonwa kuzo zonke iindawo zeZiqithi zeGalapagos, kodwa umgangatho wazo uzinzile ngokuqhubekayo ukuya emazantsi nakwimpuma ye-Isabela Island.
Ufudo oluluhlaza
Iyachukumisa indlela ezi zifudo zaselwandle zaseGalapagos zibaluleke ngayo kwinkqubo yebhayoloji yeziqithi, ngendlela efanayo, zinobuhle obunomtsalane kwaye ngenxa yoko zibamba amehlo amawaka abakhenkethi, isiganeko esingaqhelekanga esihambisa isixa esikhulu seedola ngonyaka. ngokusebenzisa ii-arhente zokuntywila.
Zizilwanyana ezitya utyani, oku kuthetha ukuba kunceda ekubekeni iliso ekufakweni koqweqwe lwealgae kwiingqaqa, oku kwandisa ukuguquguquka kweengqaqa kwiingozi ezinokubakho. Kuba iindawo ezihlala kuzo ziselunxwemeni lolwandle, iifudo eziluhlaza zihambisa izinto ezininzi zendalo phakathi kolwandle nomhlaba ezibaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yebhayoloji njengoko zikhuthaza ukukhula kwezityalo kwiimeko ezikufutshane zokuhlala.
I-Galapagos Penguin- Spheniscus mendiculus
Esinye sezona zidalwa zixhaphakileyo kwiZiqithi zeGalapagos yiGalapagos penguin okanye intaka egoofy yaseGalapagos. Yeyona ntlobo iphambili yepenguin ehlala kuloo mmandla wehlabathi, ixhamla kwiintlanzi kunye namanye amaxhoba aselwandle.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, inani labemi bolu sapho lehle ukuya kutsho kuma-65%, nto leyo elubeka emngciphekweni wokubhanga. Iingozi zayo ezisisiseko yintshutshiso, ukufika kwezilwanyana ezihlaselayo ekhayeni layo, utshintsho lwequbuliso lobushushu nokungcoliswa kwendalo. Kwimeko apho uke wacinga ukuba iipenguin zingahlala njani kufutshane ne-equator, kukholeleka ukuba iipenguin zeGalapagos ziphendula ngokufanelekileyo.
Ezi zidalwa ezityebileyo ziyakwazi ukuphila kwindawo efudumeleyo yeziqithi ngenxa yobushushu obuphantsi beHumboldt yangoku kunye neCromwell yangoku zihlangana eziqithini, kanye njengoko Unombombiya.
Ukuthetha inyaniso, ukuqhelana neempembelelo zelanga, iipenguins zeGalapagos zitshintsha iintsiba zazo kabini ngonyaka ukuze zisuse ezo zonakaliswe kukukhanya, ziphefumla ukuphumla kwaye zihlala zifuna ukufihla kwiiyure ezishushu zosuku.
Ezi zilwanyana ziphakathi kwezona ndidi zidume kakubi nezibonwa kwezi ziqithi.Kubalulekile ukuba zibe ngabalindi, kuba xa zithe zangalawuleki zibonakalisa ukuba kukho into eyenzekayo kwindalo esingqongileyo. Sisilwanyana esibhaqeke lula esinokubonisa ukuba kukho izifo okanye iintsholongwane ezichaphazela iintaka zolwandle.
Abemi bayo baziva benovelwano kutshintsho lwemozulu, ngeli xesha ummangaliso we-El Niño ufudumeza amaqondo obushushu bamanzi, izikolo zishukuma, oonombombiya zifumana ukutya okuncinane kwaye abakwazi ukuphila kumanzi ashushu. Impembelelo yalo mmangaliso ekuxhathiseni kolu hlobo iyingozi kakhulu.
Iipenguins zezi ziqithi zine-monogamous kwaye zihlala zihlala kwinethiwekhi, zihlala kwiziqithi ezintle zaseSombrero Chino, Floreana, Fernandina, Isabela, Santiago, Bartolomé kwaye ngoko ke iipenguin ezithile ziye zabonwa kwiziqithi ezahlukeneyo.
Iinyawo ezibomvu zeBooby-Sula sula
Ngenye yezidalwa ezinamaphiko ezifakwe kwi-fauna yeZiqithi zaseGalapagos, nangona ukuhanjiswa kwayo kuninzi kakhulu: iphinda ifumaneke kwiintlanga ezahlukeneyo zaseLatin America, eYurophu nakwi-Asia.
Liqela lezilwanyana zaselwandle ngokupheleleyo ezixhamla kwiintlanzi, xa isibhakabhaka sicacile ziphuma ziye kufuna ukutya, ziyakuthanda ukuphumla kwiindawo zeziqithi ezinohlaza obuninzi. Ekubeni ipateni yabemi iyancipha, ibonwa njengeNdidi eNcincisayo.
Impukane yeParasitic invasive- Philornis downsi
Esinye sezidalwa ezingenamqolo kwezi ziQithi yile mpukane. Ludidi lwezilwanyana zasekhaya ukuya eTrinidad naseBrazil, esekwe kwiziqithi, apho iye yaba yinkathazo yokwenene, ibeka esichengeni iintlobo eziqhelekileyo.
Le mpukane ilungiselelwe ukosulela iintlobo ngeentlobo zezidalwa ezinentsiba, kuquka iintaka, zibangele ukufa kwamantshontsho azo. Ukongezelela, izuza kwiziqhamo, nangona ama-hatchlings afuna igazi lezidalwa ezinamaphiko ezizosulelayo ukuze zidale.
IGalapagos Albatross - IPhoebastria irrorata
Sesinye sezidalwa zezi ziqithi. Uhlala kwisiqithi saseHispaniola, apho enza amakhaya akhe phantsi ngokugxothwa kwentaba-mlilo. Nangona izalela kwesi siqithi, unyaka wonke ihlala e-Ecuador nasePeru. Njengokuba i izilwanyana eziphaphazelayo nazo zibalulekile.
Olu hlobo lunobude obungama-92 cm kwaye lugqunywe luthuli lwentsiba olumnyama okanye olunelothe oluqala entanyeni kwaye luneendawo ezithile zomzimba ezimhlophe. Ukuloba ngokungekho mthethweni kunye neempembelelo zeshishini lezohambo zinefuthe kwisimo salo solondolozo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ibe sesichengeni. Iintaka zinokufikelela kwiminyaka engama-80 kwaye zibhabhe ngokuthe nkqo.
Batya i-shellfish, intlanzi kunye nesquid, ngoko ukuba kukho nantoni na ephazamisa umthombo wabo wokutya, inani leentaka aliphuhli. Esi seso sizathu sokuba zaziwa njengeendidi zezilwanyana ze-sentinel kunye ne-bioindicator.
Ingonyama yolwandle yaseGalapagos- Zalophus wollebaeki
iphakathi kwe izilwanyana galapagos ye galápagos enempumlo eyolule ngokwaneleyo kwaye ulusu lubonwa ngombala walo womhlaba kunye ne-plumb shading, imbonakalo egudileyo kwaye imenyezelayo.
Ngoku zifumaneka kwezi ziqithi, kodwa nakwiSiqithi esihle saseCocos esiseCosta Rica. Kuqikelelwa ukuba abantu bayo bayancipha kwaye namhlanje kukho malunga ne-10,000 yabantu. Ngoko ke, kubonwa njengeentlobo ezisengozini njengoko kuboniswe yi-IUCN.
I-Galapagos eneenyawo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Yenye yeentlobo ezingapheliyo zezilwanyana zeGalapagos ezitsala ingqalelo ephezulu ngenxa yomlomo wayo obukhali kunye neenyawo eziluhlaza. Uthanda ukutya isardadi ngenxa yobutyebi babo kumafutha, nangona kunjalo, bamele isiqingatha sesiqhelo sakhe ngenxa yokuncipha kwenani labemi kwezi ntlanzi ngenxa ye-oceanographic emangalisayo.
Abanayo impumelelo emininzi yokuphindaphinda, ngoko basengozini yokutshatyalaliswa. Abanye bathi iingxaki zabo zokuphinda zikhule zibangelwa ngamarhamncwa aqhelene nendalo yesi siqithi, njengeekati zasekhaya okanye iimpuku. Olu hlobo lweentaka lusasazeke kuso sonke isiqithi, ngokusondele kakhulu kwiziqithi zaseSanta Cruz naseBaltra.
iintaka ezihlekisayo
IiCucuves ziphakathi kweentlobo ezinazo ezi ziqithi ezintle. Elwandle ungafumanisa iindidi ezi-4 zezi zidalwa:
- Abo bodidi lweGalapagos.
- Iindidi zeSpanish.
- UFlorean's.
- KwiSan Cristobal.
Yenye yezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zeziqithi, ezikufutshane kwiziqithi ezisibhozo. Zonke iintlobo ze-Mockingbirds e-Pelago zi-omnivorous kwaye ziyakuthanda ukuhlala kwiindibano ezifikelela kwi-24 izidalwa ezindizayo.
Galapagos fur seal
Bahlala kumawa olwandle lwaseGalapagos, kufutshane kakhulu nolwandle apho batyala khona uninzi lwamandla abo, nangona xa kufika ixesha lokuzala, bakhetha isanti kunye ne-rough drifts. Sesinye sezilwanyana ezinomtsalane zegalapagos.
Kukho iindidi ezimbini zeengonyama zaselwandle ezenza izilwanyana zaseGalapagos: ingonyama yolwandle yaseGalapagos enomtsalane kunye netywina loboya beGalapagos, ekwabizwa ngokuba yingcuka yeDos Pelos, olu didi ngumzekelo wohlengahlengiso kwimeko yetropiki: zincinci kunolunye ulwandle. iingonyama noboya bazo bahlukile. Zinenzala enye kuphela ngonyaka kwaye zitya ukutshona kwelanga xa ixhoba lazo likufutshane kumphezulu. Bathanda ukutya intlanzi elula.
I-Darwin's Finch- Thraupidae
I-desert flora finch, ekwabizwa ngokuba yiDarwin's conirostro finch okanye iGeospiza conirostris, lilungu losapho iThraupidae kwaye ifumaneka kwiziqithi zeGalapagos e-Ecuador, ngakumbi iGenovesa. Njengoko olu vavanyo lubonisayo, wayenokukhetha ukuya eziqithini kwiminyaka engaphezu kwezi-2,000,000 XNUMX XNUMX eyadlulayo.
