Es Isitashi ihambelana nokutya okuyimfuneko esisiseko ekutyeni kwabo bonke abantu, uninzi lwamandla esiwafumana kweli candelo kwaye sinokuyifumana naphi na emhlabeni. Kuba kubalulekile ukwazi, sikuphathele lonke ulwazi malunga nestatshi.
Yintoni istatshi?
El Isitashi lilungu leqela le-polysaccharides, oko kuthetha ukuba licandelo elenziwe ngamamolekyuli amakhulu (i-polymer), ikhonza ukugcina amandla anokuthi adluliselwe ngokuxhomekeke ekusebenziseni kwayo, kulo mzekelo kuya kuba ngokutya. Zikwafaneleka ukuba ziicarbohydrates, okuthetha ukuba zenziwe ngehydrogen (H), ikhabhoni (C), kunye neoksijini (O).
Los isitatshi zifumaneka ikakhulu kukutya kwemvelaphi yezityalo, ngokwembali inokubaluleka okubaluleke kakhulu kuphuhliso kunye nendaleko yomntu, kuba ihambelana nobuninzi bamandla asetyenziswa ngumzimba womntu.
Ngendlela yokuba ukutya kwethu kutyebile kwisitatshi, nangona kunjalo, kukho inani elikhulu labantu abangayiqondiyo le nto, ke kubalulekile ukuba sonke siyazi indlela isitashi esisisiseko ebomini bethu kwaye inxalenye elungileyo ukutya okugcinwe ekhitshini lethu kuqulathe.
Iyingxenye elula kakhulu yokugaya kwaye ayinzima kule nkqubo, yingakho kuyinto eqhelekileyo kubadlali, i-acrobats okanye abantu abamele basebenzise amandla amaninzi emzimbeni kwimisebenzi yabo yemihla ngemihla, ukuba babe nokutya okusekelwe kukutya okuqulethe. isitatshi.
Ubume
Kwimichiza yeekhemikhali, isitashi yitsheyini eyenziwe ngamamolekyuli e-glucose, ngexesha elifanayo lihambelana ne-polymer, konke oku kunye nezinye izinto ezingaziwa ukuba ngaba ngokwenene ziyi-grains okanye ziyi-particles ezingcolisayo ezingena kwingqolowa. isitashi kwaye esingenakususwa ngexesha lekhonkco lemveliso kunye nokulungiswa kokutya.
Xa inani leemolekyuli ezenza i isitatshi kugqithisileyo, ezi ziqokelelana phantsi kweempembelelo ze Iseli yesityalo kwaye izityalo ziyisebenzisela ukugcina izondlo zazo, ngale ndlela, xa zingenazo iicarbohydrates ezaneleyo zokuzondla ngokwazo, isitatshi sibonelela ngazo.
Yenziwa xa izityalo zithatha i-inorganic matter ebonelelwa yimekobume ngokukhula kwazo kunye nenkqubo yokutya, izinto ezibandakanyekayo ngamanzi kunye nekharbon diokside, zisebenza ngamandla eziwafumana elangeni.
Kukho enye i-polymer efana kakhulu nesitatshi kwaye ibizwa ngokuba yi-glycogen, umahluko kukuba ukwakheka kwayo kwenzeka kwi-starch. Iseli yesilwanyana, nangona kunjalo, ikwazalisekisa umsebenzi wokugcina amandla
Isitatshi asinyibiliki kulwelo, kodwa siyakwazi ukufunxa ngokukhawuleza amanzi ngeli xesha sishushu ingakumbi xa sikwinkqubo yokubila, yiyo loo nto ukutya okuninzi okunesitatshi kuphekwa emanzini abilayo phambi kokuba kuphekwe. amanzi abandayo, icandelo aliyi kunyibilika okanye lifunxe ulwelo.
Ifumaneka njani?
Kubalulekile ukuba nesitashi ekhaya kuba sifumaneka kukutya okucacileyo kukutya komntu wonke nokuba uphi na emhlabeni kwaye njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, zikwanazo izondlo ezininzi ezisebenza ngaphezulu kwako konke ukunika amandla. emzimbeni.
Okona kutya kuxhaphakileyo kukutya okunesitatshi yirayisi neetapile, kodwa asikuphela kwento enaso, ekubeni sinokusifumana nakwiinkozo ezifana neoti nerhasi. Iimbotyi, iilentile, kunye neembotyi nazo zibandakanya isitatshi ekubunjweni kwayo, ngaphezu kokubonelela ngezondlo ezininzi emzimbeni.
Akunakwenzeka ukungazinaki zonke izibonelelo ezaziwa ukuba imifuno ibonelela zombini ekuphuhliseni umzimba kunye nokuqinisa impilo, imifuno kufuneka ifakwe kwisondlo sabo bonke abantu kungakhathaliseki ubudala, ekubeni izondlo ezixutywa zizo zonke iintlobo zemizimba.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukutya okucutshungulwayo kunqongophele kuninzi lwamacandelo azo esondlo, kuba ngelixa le nkqubo inceda ukutya okuninzi kubomi beshelufa obude kwaye yenza ukutya okuninzi kutyebe, kukwakho okuninzi okuthi ngokwenza olu tshintsho kubume bayo kunye nokwakheka kwayo. , inxalenye enkulu yekhompawundi yokutya ingcolisekile okanye ichithekile.
IGelatinization yeSitatshi
Xa iinkozo zestatshi zifakwe emanzini kwaye zifikelela kubushushu obungama-60 ukuya kuma-70º ngoko ke inkqubo yokugalela amanzi iyaqala kwaye isitatshi sigcina wonke umphunga wamanzi ongena ngemijelo apho ulwakhiwo lungacocekanga, kokukhona lunyuka ubushushu, ngoko ke amanzi amaninzi ifunxwe kwaye ingqolowa iyanda ide ifikelele kwinqanaba eliphezulu.
I-Gelatinization ibizwa ngokuba yinqanaba lobushushu ekufuneka amanzi abe nalo ukuze kwenzeke esi siphumo, kodwa kuzo zonke iintlobo zeenkozo ezahlukeneyo eli nqanaba lahlukile. Ukuba iinkozo zifikelela kubukhulu bawo obukhulu kwaye ziqhubeka zihamba nge-vaporization, ngoko aziyi kuchithwa, kodwa ziyakwazi ukuchithwa kwaye i-pasty okanye i-gelatinous substance iya kwenza.
Usebenziso
Ukuba nokunyamezela ukugcina ukutya okunempilo kunye nokulungelelaniswa akungomsebenzi olula, kuphela iqaqobana labemi behlabathi elikhathalela ngokwenene ukutya kwabo kunye nokunyamekela umzimba wabo kwinqanaba lomzimba, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba le pesenti iya kwanda kwaye abantu ubuncinane zama ukuziqhelanisa nendlela yokuphila enempilo, enamandla kwaye enenzuzo.
Xa umntu efuna ukuqalisa ukwenza imikhwa yokunyamekela umzimba wakhe kunye nokuphucula imizimba yabo, into yokuqala abacinga ngayo kukuzilolonga kunye nokutya okufuneka bakugcine ukuze inkqubo ivelise iziqhamo, emva kokuba uninzi luyishiye, njengokuba kunjalo. ukuba , ngaphandle kokuzama ngenxa yokuba bacinga kuphela malunga nendlela abantu ababuhlungu ngayo ukwenza yonke inkqubo ibonakale.
Kufuneka sinciphise ukuba oku kuphela yingxaki yolwazi olungelulo, kuba kwimeko yokutya akukhona ukuyeka ukutya, kukulawula kuphela konke ukutya esikutyayo, ukuzama ukuba sempilweni kakhulu okanye ubuncinane ube nepesenti yamafutha aYamkelekileyo kwaye iikhalori.
El isitatshi Licandelo elibalulekileyo xa kuziwa ekutyeni, kwaye sibhekisa kuhlobo oluthile lokutya, kuba sele sichazile ngaphambili ukuba isitatshi Ifumaneka kwizinto ezityiwayo eziqhelekileyo ukuba zisetyenziswe ngabantu, ngaphezu kokuba ubukhulu becala busempilweni kakhulu.
Ukutenxa kancinane ukutya ngokwayo, i isitatshi Igqalwa njengenye yezona zinto zininzi emhlabeni, ekubeni inxalenye enkulu yezityalo nemifuno iyilondoloza ukuze ibe nezondlo ezaneleyo zokuzondla xa ezi zinqongophele ngendlela yazo eqhelekileyo.
Inyani yeyokuba ukuba luncedo kwesitatshi kudlula nje ukusetyenziswa ngokutya okuhlukeneyo, olunye usetyenziso lunokuba kukuveliswa kokutya, kodwa ngeli xesha njengento yangaphandle ukuguqula ukwakheka kunye nokwakheka kokunye ukutya, hayi njengokutya okucutshungulweyo.
Ngaphambili yayisetyenziswa kushishino olulukiweyo, ukubambelela kwilaphu kwaye inike ukuqina kwempahla, isiphumo sokugqibela sixhomekeke kuhlobo lwesambatho esiza kusetyenziswa, inokunika umthamo wempahla okanye ibathintele ekushwabaneni kakhulu kwaye bona. izakungena kwizingxobo xa uyisebenzisa. Emva kwezinye iinkqubo zokuyifumana, ingasetyenziselwa ezinye iinjongo zemizi-mveliso, njengeglu okanye ukungahambi.
Sinokugqiba ukuba eyona nto isetyenziswayo yesitatshi kukuziqhelanisa ne Iimpawu zezinto eziphilayo ukufaka isandla ekutyeni kwabo, ekubeni okokugqibela kodwa okungakuncinananga, sinayo loo nto ngenxa yexabiso layo eliphezulu lezondlo kunye namacandelo anika amandla, iiseli nazo ziyisebenzisela inkqubo yazo yokutya kwaye ziyimfuneko ukuze ziqhubeke nokuzala kunye nokuphuhlisa.