I-Panda Bear mhlawumbi yenye yezona zilwanyana zidumileyo kwiplanethi, ubukhulu becala ngenxa yokuba bambalwa abangaqapheli ubukho bayo kunye nokubonakala kwayo. Bakwabonwa ngento abayityayo, kuba ukutya kwePanda Bear kusekwe ngokukodwa kwi-bamboo, into ethi, ininzi kwindawo yayo yokuhlala, ingabanyanzeli ukuba bafuduke. Fumana okuninzi ngokuqhubeka ufunda eli nqaku.
I-Panda Bear Yondla
I-Ailuropada Melanoleuca ligama lesayensi ekwahlulwa ngalo ibhere yepanda edumileyo nenomtsalane. Esi silwanyana sisilwanyana esanyisayo esikhulu esiphila kwimimandla yeentaba yaseTshayina naseTibet. Phezu kwayo nje into yokuba ubuhle baso nomzimba otyebileyo usenza ukuba sonwabe ngabo bonke abathandi bezilwanyana, ngelishwa esi sidalwa sisengozini yokuphela.
Enye yezinto ezibalaseleyo zesi silwanyana sanyisayo kukuba, ngokungafaniyo nezinye iibhere, azifumani naliphi na ixesha lokufukama, nangona ihlobo lonke lidla ngokunyukela kwezona ndawo ziphakamileyo zentaba (ngamanye amaxesha ukuya kuthi ga kwi-3.000 yeemitha ukuphakama. ) kwaye kwixesha lasebusika bavame ukuhla befuna indawo ebanda kakhulu.
Ngo-2016 kuqikelelwa ukuba inani labantu bayo lilonke lingaphezulu kwe-2.000 yabantu, kwaye i-1.864 yabo isendle, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba inani leepanda ezihlala endle linyukile. Ukususela ngo-1961, ibhere yepanda ibe luphawu lweWWF (iWorld Wide Fund for Nature).
Iimfuno zesondlo
Ibhere ye-panda sisidalwa esine-omnivorous, oku kuthetha ukuba iyondla kulo naluphi na uhlobo lwenxalenye yezinto eziphilayo, nokuba yeyesilwanyana okanye imvelaphi yemifuno, nangona, njengoko siza kuhlalutya kamva, phantse yonke into yokutya yesi silwanyana isekelwe kukutya okuvela kwisityalo.
Ibhere ekuthiwa yipanda inobunzima obumalunga neekhilogram ezili-130, nangona ubunzima bayo buhluka phakathi kwe-100 ne-115. apho simele songezelele ukuba umnqweno wakhe wokutya uphantse unganeliseki.
Ukuya kuthi ga kwi-99% yento etyiwa yibhere ye-panda yenziwe nge-bamboo kwaye ukuze le mifuno ibonelele ngayo yonke into eyifunayo ngokwembono yesondlo, ibhere yepanda iya kufuna ukuginya malunga neekhilogram ezili-12,5 zale mifuno ngemini, nangona isenziwa. inokutya ukuya kuma-40 kilos. Kwezi, phantse ezingama-23 ziya kukhutshelwa ngaphandle njengelindle, ekubeni inkqubo yokwetyisa yebhere ingekakulungeli ngokupheleleyo ukufunxa iimolekyuli zecellulose ezenza uqalo.
Itya ntoni iPanda Bear?
Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, okona kutya kubalulekileyo kwaye kubaluleke kakhulu ekutyeni kwayo yi-bamboo, kwaye kwindawo yayo yeentaba, ukuguquguquka okuncinci kunye nokufuma, ngaphezu kwe-200 iintlobo ze-bamboo zinokufumaneka, nangona kucingwa ukuba ibhere yepanda ithatha kuphela ithuba. yama-30 ukunika igalelo lamandla elifunekayo.
Nangona ukuthathwa okukhulu kwe-bamboo kukwathetha ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi amaninzi (i-40% yobunzima be-bamboo ngamanzi, isixa esifikelela kwi-90% kuhlumelo), i-panda idinga ukusela amanzi kwimisinga okanye ikhephu elihlala linyibilika. Ekuthinjweni, ukutya kwabo yi-bamboo, iswekile, isidudu serayisi, ii-crackers ezikhethekileyo ezinefayibha eninzi, iminqathe, ama-apile neebhatata.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, uphando lweenyanga ezintandathu kwiZiko laseShaanxi laseTshayina lubonise ukuba iipanda ziyathanda ukutya iswekile. Banikwa isitya esinamanzi, nesinye esinamanzi neeswekile zendalo; ukungqiyama phezu kwesikhongozeli esinomxube weswekile.
Nangona iyinxalenye yolandelelwano lwezilwanyana ezanyisayo ezidla inyama, i-panda idla ngokutya utyani. Usenako ukudibanisa izilwanyana ezithile ngezixa ezisezantsi ekutyeni kwakho. Kuyaziwa ukuba itya izinambuzane kunye namaqanda njengomboneleli weprotheyini. Ukutya kwabo mhlawumbi kukwabandakanya iimpuku kunye nexhama le-musk eselula.
Yondliwa njani?
Ibhere ekuthiwa yipanda inamazinyo anamandla nemihlathi eyinceda ukuba ikwazi ukukrazula izikhondo zoqalo ukuze zahlule intlama yazo. Ukongeza koku, inomnwe wesithandathu ngokuqinisekileyo ulungelelwaniso lwethambo lesihlahla. Enkosi kuye, inamaziko amakhulu ngakumbi okufumana ukutya kwayo. Olo tshintsho lufanayo lomzimba lulo olubavumela ukuba bazingele xa befunwa ukufumana i-1% eseleyo yokutya kwabo, okwenziwa zizondlo zemvelaphi yezilwanyana.
Imbonakalo yomzimba
Ngaphandle, i-panda ifana nebhere enemibala eyahlukileyo. I-panda ye-Sichuan ibonisa idyasi edumileyo emnyama namhlophe, ngelixa i-Qingling subspecies ineengubo ezimbini ezihlukeneyo ezinemibala emdaka okanye emnyama ngokobudala.
Iindlebe, impumlo, iinwele ezijikeleze amehlo, amagxa kunye namalungu amnyama. Ubuso, isisu kunye nomqolo zimhlophe. Iindlebe zimile okweqanda kwaye zime nkqo. Inzipho zepanda zineminwe emihlanu kwaye zibonisa "umnwe wesithandathu" ngokungathi ngubhontsi. Kukuguqulwa kwethambo lesihlahla sesamoid. UStephen Jay Gould wayengumbhali wesincoko malunga neli tyala, elapapashwa kwingqokelela ethi The Panda's Thumb (1980).
Imilenze yayo yangaphambili inamandla kwaye iyakwazi ukunyuka kwaye ibanzi kwaye inobukho obukhulu bemisipha kunamalungu angasemva. Amehlo ayo athozamile, yaye ngoxa abantwana bezinye iibhere bengqukuva, abo be<em>panda bayafana nabeekati, nto leyo ebanika igama ngesiTshayina elithi bear-cat. Abancinci banobunzima bokuzalwa obuyi-90 ukuya kwi-130 grams, kwaye phantse ayinaboya. Abantu abadala, nangona befikelela kwi-70 ukuya kwi-125 kilograms kunye nobude obufikelela kwi-1,90 yeemitha.
Panda Bear Habitat
Ingxelo yokuqala ye-panda iqala kwixesha eliphakathi kokuphela kwePliocene kunye nokuqala kwePleistocene. Ezinye iifosili zafunyanwa eBurma, eVietnam nakwinxalenye esempuma yeTshayina, ukuya kuthi ga emantla eBeijing. Abemi basePanda okwangoku bafumaneka kuphela kumazantsi-ntshona eTshayina.
I-panda ihlala kwiMinshan, Qinling, Qionlai, Liangshan, Daxiangling kunye neentaba zeXiaoxiangling. Ziinduli ezigutyungelwe ngamahlathi e-coniferous afumileyo, imekobume efanelekileyo yeentlobo ze-bamboo (ummoba okokona kukutya kwazo okukhulu) ezenza ukutya kwazo. Le mimandla iqikelelwa njengeyona ndawo ichulumancisayo yemozulu epholileyo ehlabathini. Ukuphakama apho imimandla ehlala kuyo i-panda iphakathi kwe-1.200 kunye ne-3.400 yeemitha ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle.
Ubomi bePanda Bear, ukutya nokulala
Ngenxa yomdla wabo omkhulu wokutya, ukungabikho kokulala kunye nenyaniso yokuba abakakulungeli ukufumana zonke izondlo ezisuka kwi-bamboo, iibhere zepanda zinokuchitha ukuya kuthi ga kwiiyure ezili-14 ngosuku lokutyisa, into ekulula kakhulu kubo kuba benolwazi olukhethekileyo. yokukwazi ukutya ehleli phantsi.
Ixesha eliseleyo balichitha belele, yaye ngalo lonke ixesha bevuka, baqalisa ukufuna ukutya kwakhona ukuze bathomalalise umdla wabo wokutya. Lo msebenzi usoloko uqhutywa yodwa, kuba ibhere sisidalwa esizivumelayo ukuba sikhatshwe luhlobo lwaso ngalo lonke ixesha lokuzala.
Amanye amanqaku esikumema ukuba uwajonge ngala: