Kuyanika umdla ukwazi ukuba abantu bethu bomthonyama batye ntoni, yiza nathi ukuze sifunde ngesi sithuba simangalisayo ukuba yintoni etyiwa ngamaMaya kwaye yintoni etyiwayo. Ukutya kweNkcubeko yaseMayan ngomntu ngamnye. Ngokusekelwe ekubeni ngubani oyenzileyo kwaye kutheni sisenayo kwitafile yethu. Sukuphoswa yiyo!
Kwakunjani ukutya kwenkcubeko yamaMaya?
Ukutya kwenkcubeko yamaMaya kwakuquka izinto ezine: iinkozo, umbona, ithanga kunye nepepile. Njengoko amaMeya afumana amaxhoba okutya kwawo, ancedisa le mifuno ngeentaka, amaxhama okanye iinkawu ababezingela, kunye neentlanzi.
Ukutya kwabo ubukhulu becala kwakuquka iitortila zombona kunye necereal okanye naziphi na izongezo ababenazo ukuze bahambe nazo. Iinkozo, umbona, nomngqusho zibizwa ngokuba “ngabazalwana abathathu” kuba zinika zonke izondlo eziyimfuneko xa zityiwa kunye.
Inkcubeko yamaMaya yayidla ngokuzingela, iqokelele, kwaye izilimele ukutya. Ezinye iinyama ezidla ngokuzingelwa ziquka iinkawu, inyamakazi, i-iguana, iarmadillo, i-manatee, ufudo, iguinea pig, i-tapir, umkhonto, kunye neendidi ezahlukeneyo zeentaka. Kwakhona ayesitya ukutya okuvela elwandle, okufana neekreyifishi, ishrimps, ishellfish, iimollusk nezinye iindidi zeentlanzi.
AmaMeya aphuhlisa ukutya okuninzi okutyiwa mihla le namhlanje. Babeyinkcubeko yokuqala ukwenza iitortilla zombona kwaye basebenzisa izityalo zabo zeavokhado ukwenza uhlobo lwakudala lwe guacamole.
Baphinde baqulunqa iitamales, eziziityhubhu zombona ezizaliswe yinkukhu, inyama yehagu kunye nemifuno. Kwakhona, kukholelwa ukuba amaMayans ayengabokuqala ukuqhola iimbotyi zekoko ukwenza itshokolethi, nangona inguqulelo yabo yayingemnandi.
Ukutya kwenkcubeko yamaMaya: ukutya kwayo okusisiseko
Ukutya kwenkcubeko yamaMaya kwakhula ngomlinganiselo omkhulu kwaye ezinye zezityalo eziqhelekileyo yayizipepile, iiavokhado, iitumato, iigwava, iipayinapile, iipapa, amathanga, ibhatata kunye neembotyi ezimnyama, ezibomvu nezimnyama.
AmaMaya ayedla ngokutya isidlo sakusasa esinamaqanda aqhuqhiweyo, iimbotyi ezimnyama kunye neeertyisi. Ukufumana iprotheni, balungiselela umbona ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Olu tshintsho lubandakanya:
- I-atol, isidudu sombona ocoliweyo ababesitya ngepepile.
- Pozol, umxube wamanzi kunye negwele lokumelana nomsebenzi onzima womhlaba
- I-Tamale, ehlala ixutywa nepepile eshushu, inyama, kunye nesipinatshi saseMayan, imifuno eneprotein etyebileyo yaseGuatemala.
Ukutya okusisiseko yayisisityu senyama nemifuno nembewu yethanga, iicourgettes, neepepile. Ukongezelela, kuye kwatyiwa amaxhama, ii<em>armadillos, imivundla, intlanzi, iimpuku, iinkumba nemibungu yoonomeva.
Ngombulelo kwiziphumo ezitsha, kuyaziwa ukuba inyama yayingabalulekanga kakhulu kwisidlo saseMeya ngaphambi kokuba iSpeyin iqalise iinkomo, ii-turkeys, iihagu kunye neenkukhu.
I-cassava kwisidlo senkcubeko yamaMayan
Icassava iye yalinywa ukusukela ngo 600 BC. C. Ikwaziwa ngokuba yicassava, ivelisa izigaqa ezinkulu ezityebileyo kwiicarbohydrates. Lo mbhobho wenze lula ukugcinwa kwempucuko enkulu njengaleyo yamaMayans. Ngaphambi kwexesha le-pre-classical, ukutya kwe-Mayan kukholelwa ukuba kugxininise i-cassava kunye ne-cassava kunombona.
Ukutya kwinkcubeko yaseMayan esekelwe kwingqolowa
Umbona wawuyinxalenye yesinye sezityalo eziphambili zezolimo zamaMayans, uyinxalenye ephambili yokutya kwenkcubeko yamaMaya. Umbona wawusetyenziswa kwaye utyiwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kodwa wawusene-nixtamalized. Oku kuthetha ukuba ingqolowa yayixutywe kwaye iphekwe kwisisombululo se-alkaline. Emva kwe-nixtamalization yombona, ngokuqhelekileyo yayigatywa kwi-metate kwaye ilungiswe ngeendlela ezininzi.
Iitortilla zaziphekwa ngekoma zize zisetyenziswe ekusongelweni okunye ukutya okunjengenyama okanye iimbotyi. IiTortillas ziye zavula amathuba amaninzi okudala ukutya kwaye zivumele abantu bazo zonke iindidi zobomi ukuba batye ngokukhululekileyo.
Iintlanzi
Iitortilla zaseMayan zazisenziwa ngentlama eyi-intshi ezintathu okanye ezine eyayingqindilili, isenza isiseko esomeleleyo sesitya esasiza kuphakelwa kuso.
Ezi zitya zihlala ziphakwa kunye nohlobo oluthile lwenyama kwaye zikwabandakanya iavokhado okanye isitya esisecaleni kwindibano okanye isiko.
Iifama
IiTamales zazisenziwa ngomgubo wombona, ngokufuthi ngokuzaliswa, owawusongwa uze ugalelwe ngomphunga kwikhoba lombona. Kukholelwa ukuba zadalwa ngenxa yokuba kwakulula ukuzithwala.
Njengezinye izitya ezininzi ezithandwayo zale nkcubeko, i-tamale yayiquka ukusetyenziswa kwengqolowa okanye i-banana husks ukubilisa nokuphucula inkqubo yokupheka ukutya.
Emva kokupheka, i-tamale yachithwa kwaye ihlanganiswe ne-sauce encinci; I-Tamales inokunikwa ngexesha lokubhiyozelwa kweeholide zaseMayan.
Nangona ezi zitya zinokutyiwa njengoko zinjalo, ezinye izithako ziye zongezwa ukuze kuphunyezwe iintlobo ngeentlobo zeencasa. Ezi ncasa zaziquka ipepile, ikhokao, itswele lasendle, kunye netyuwa.
Tshokolethi
I-cocoa ixhaphake kakhulu kwimihlaba ehlala abantu baseMayans, ababengabokuqala ukuthatha imbewu kwiziqhamo baze bayosa ukwenza itshokolethi eshushu.
Ngokungafaniyo nempucuko yanamhlanje, amaMaya ayenzanga bha zetshokolethi okanye afake iswekile okanye ubisi kwikoko. I-Mayans yathatha itshokolethi njenge-elixir ye-ceremonial kunye ne-flavour enhancer.
Iimbotyi ze-cocoa zazisetyenziselwa ukwenza inguqulelo yetshokholethi eshushu apho iimbotyi zazigcadiswa emanzini ukwenza isiselo esisetyenziswa njenge-mood booster.
Esi siselo sasisetyenziswa ngexesha lemibhiyozo kuba kule nkcubeko i-cocoa yayisisipho esingcwele esivela koothixo. Ngenxa yokunqongophala kweswekile kunye nobisi, itshokolethi eshushu yamaMaya yayikrakra kwaye inegwebu.
Isityalo se-cocoo, esiguqulela ngokoqobo njengokutya koothixo, sasithandwa zizo zonke iindidi zentlalo yabantu baseMeya.
Ngenxa yamandla ayo avuselelayo kunye ne-aphrodisiac, izibini zale nkcubeko zazisela esi siselo sishushu ngexesha lokuzibandakanya kunye nemibhiyozo yomtshato.
ivokhado kunye ne guacamole
Iavokhado, inzalelwane yasemazantsi eMexico naseGuatemala, iye yathandwa ziinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo ngenxa yencasa yayo etyebileyo kunye nobukhrim; yayibubutyebi baseMayan obulinyiweyo. Iavokhado yaculwa yadityaniswa nentsimbi yepepile okanye itswele, kwenziwa iguacamole yakudala.
Ukutya kwamaMaya
Eli qela lobuhlanga lalingumbutho wezolimo kwaye lalisaziwa ngokuba "ngamadoda ombona". Umbona, okanye njengoko ubizwa ngolwimi lwabo lweenkobe, "i-Ixim" yayiyenye yokutya okusisiseko kwamaMayans, kwaye namhlanje isetyenziselwa ukwenza i-tortilla, i-tamale, i-atole, i-pozole kunye nezinye iintlobo zezonka.
Namhlanje esi siko samkelwe kwaye, njengamaMayans, umbona uye waba sisiseko sezona zitya zidumileyo kwi-Central American cuisine.
Esinye isiseko sokutya kweMayan kunye nomthombo ophambili weprotheyini yayizimbotyi, ezibizwa ngokuba yi "bu'ul" ngolwimi lwenkobe. Zazityunyuzwa zaza zasasazwa kwiitortilla ukuze kwenziwe iitaco.
AmaMayans alungisa kwaye atya iimbotyi eziphekiweyo kwiisuphu, azisebenzisa njengomgubo kunye nanjengentlama yokuzalisa iitamales ezisongelwe ngamagqabi maxán.
Batye ntoni amaMaya?
Nangona izithethe ezininzi kunye nezithethe eziphathelele kuluntu lwamandulo lwaseMaya zihlala zingaziwa, iinxalenye zenkcubeko yabo ziye zamiselwa ixesha kwaye inxalenye ebalulekileyo esaphila nanamhlanje kukutya ababekutya nako.
Uninzi lwezinto ezisisiseko zokutya kwabo zisatyiwa rhoqo kumazwe afana neMexico, iBelize, neGuatemala, apho amaMayans alawula iindawo ezinkulu ngexesha lawo.
Nangona ukutya kusenokuba neengcambu zakudala, ukutya okumnandi okudweliswe ngezantsi kusabalulekile nanamhlanje.
AmaMeya amandulo afumanisa oku kutya kumakhulu eminyaka eyadlulayo, kodwa oku kutya kusafumaneka kwiikhitshi ezininzi zasekhaya, kuncinci kwiindawo zokutyela namhlanje.
Omelet ye ngqolowa
Iitortila zombona ezilula kodwa ezinencasa ezenziwe ngesandla, ezenziwe ngentlama yombona ogayiweyo kwaye zibhakwe kwi-oveni ebaswe ngamaplanga okanye kwicomal yesiko, ibikukutya okusisiseko kuMayaya kangangeenkulungwane.
Iitortilla zombona zongezwa kakhulu ekutyeni okusuka kwinyama eyosiweyo kunye nemifuno ukuya kwirayisi esisiseko kunye neembotyi.
Iitortilla ezintsha, ezenziwe ngezandla zisafunwa kakhulu kumaxesha anamhlanje, ziyinxalenye yezitya ezimnandi njengeenchiladas kunye ne-tacos, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zide zonwabele ngaphandle kwesalsa entsha.
Iiavokhado
I-avokhado ithandwa kakhulu kunangaphambili kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kodwa isiqhamo esimnandi siye sahlonitshwa kangangeenkulungwane, siqala ngamaMayans amandulo.
Babeyithanda i-avokhado ngenxa yokwakheka kwayo okukhrimu kunye nencasa encinci ye-nutty. AmaMayya axabisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeavokhado kwaye enze uhlobo lokuqala lwe guacamole ngokudibanisa iiavokhado namatswele, ijusi yekalika, kunye nepepile eshushu; Namhlanje, iinguqulelo ezininzi zikwaquka izithako ezifana netumato, icoriander kunye negalikhi.
Ubhontshisi
Iimbotyi nazo zazigqalwa njengezibalulekileyo; Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeembotyi ziye zakhuliswa kwaye zisetyenziswa kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokutya kwamaMaya. Ukongezelela kwizityalo ezibalulekileyo, kuye kwalinywa iintlobo ngeentlobo zeziqhamo nemifuno, kuquka itumato, iavokhado, igwava, ipapaya, ithanga, ipayinapile nebhatata.
Amakhadi
Ukongeza kwiinkcubeko, amaMayans aphinde atye iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zenyama; amaMaya ayefumana inyama yawo ngokuyintloko ngokuzingela.
AmaMayya azingela izilwanyana ezikhulu ezifana nexhama, kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo zeentaka ezinje ngeekalaku zasendle, iipartridges, izagwityi namadada asendle, kunye nezinye izilwanyana ezinje ngooxam kunye neearmadillo.
Ukuzingela izilwanyana, amaMayans asebenzisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo, ezifana ne-BB gun, izaphetha kunye neentolo, kunye nemigibe.
Kwakhona babesitya iintlobo ngeentlobo zezilwanyana zaselwandle ngokuqokelela nokuzingela, okanye ukusebenzisa iziyobisi emilanjeni nasezindaweni ezingaselunxwemeni, ingakumbi iintlanzi, iikreyifishi, ishrimps, unonkala, noonokrwece, ezomisiweyo, zosiwe zaza zagalelwa ityuwa.
Tshokolethi
Ukuqwalasela ukuba umthi we-cocoo uvela kwimimandla apho amaMeya aye alawula khona, kunengqiqo ukuba baqala ukufumanisa umlingo wale pod.
Bagcada imbewu ukuze benze uhlobo lokuqala lwetshokholethi eshushu, eyonwabele ngexesha lemisitho. Bakholelwa ukuba ikhokao yathunyelwa ngoothixo njengentsikelelo, yaye nabo basebenzisa iimbotyi njengemali.
Emva kokuba abantu baseSpeyin bafumanisa isiselo xa bahlasela iindawo zokuhlala zaseMayan ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, bathandana nalo, bongeza ubisi kunye noshukela baza bazisa eYurophu, apho ukuthandwa kwayo kwanda ngokukhawuleza.
Ukuba ufumene eli nqaku leMayans linomdla, siyakumema ukuba wonwabele ezi ezinye: