Ngoku lithuba lokwazi yonke into enxulumene nokhozi, intaka engakholelekiyo enombono omangalisayo, yintaka enomtsalane enobuchule obukhulu bokulandela ixhoba layo kwaye ilizingele, kwinqaku elilandelayo uya kuba nakho. ukwazi yonke into enxulumene nesi dlwengu sinamandla kwaye useke iimbono ezingcono malunga nalo.
Yintoni ukhozi olululo?
Olu luhlobo lokhozi oluthathwa njenge Ave neotropical. Kwezinye iindawo yaziwa ngokuba lukhozi lwaseMerika, ngaloo ndlela lusahlula kukhozi oludumileyo lwasePapua. Le yintaka edla inyama ethathwa njengeyona inamandla kwaye inkulu efumaneka kulo lonke elaseMelika. Olu khozi lolohlobo lwezi ntaka zininzi kulo mhlaba, ngokuqhelekileyo luhlala kumahlathi ashinyeneyo noko kwaziwa ngokuba ngamathafa aphantsi.
Ngenxa yesibakala sokuba indawo esihlala kuyo yendalo iye yatshatyalaliswa ngumntu, iye yanyamalala ethile, ubuncinane kwindawo eyaziwa ngokuba nguMbindi Merika, esi silwanyana sihle ngokwenene siye sanyamalala ngokupheleleyo.
Iimpawu zolu khozi
Ngokuphathelele iimpawu zokhozi, sigxininisa ukuba inxalenye yayo yonke engasentla igqunywe ziintsiba ezintle ezimnyama, inxalenye yayo engezantsi ubukhulu becala imhlophe, ngaphandle kwe<em>tarsi eneentsiba, ekubeni le inemigca emininzi emnyama. Kuwo wonke ummandla ongasentla wesifuba kukho ibhande elimnyama elinqumlayo kwaye linoxanduva lokwahlula intloko yayo yonke engwevu kwindawo emhlophe yesisu.
Ithowuni engwevu yentloko yayo iluthuthu, igqunywe yi-double-type crest, kwindawo ephezulu yomsila wokhozi ubona umbala omnyama kunye nenxalenye engwevu eyahlulwe yangamacandelo amathathu. Inxalenye engezantsi yayo inamatyathanga amathathu amhlophe kwaye enye imnyama ngokupheleleyo, iris yokhozi oluyiharpy inemibala eyahlukileyo phakathi kobomvu, omdaka okanye ongwevu, umlomo wayo uthande ukubamnyama nayo yonke into eyitarsi neminwe yeenyawo zalo. zityheli.
Zombini inkunzi nemazi zinentsiba efanayo, itarso yolu khozi inokulinganisa ukuya kutsho kwi-13 centimeters, imazi yokhozi oluyimazi inobunzima obuphakathi kwe-6 kunye ne-9 Kg, xa sithetha ngemazi evalelweyo sinokubhekisa kwimeko ekhethekileyo yomnye. owaziwa ngokuba "nguIzebhele" owathi wafumana ubunzima obuphezulu be-13 kg obugqithise kakhulu, imeko echasene nendoda edla ngokuba ncinane kakhulu ifikelela kubunzima obuyi-4,8 kg.
Ubude bokhozi buyi-86 ukuya kwi-107 centimeters ubude, kodwa amaphiko ayo yi-176 ukuya kwi-224 yeesentimitha kwaye umsila wesi silwanyana ulinganisa i-37 ukuya kwi-42 yeesentimitha. Nangona oku kubonwa njengokhozi olukhulu, kwezinye iimeko ukhozi lwePhilippine luyabonwa, olude, kunye nokhozi lwaselwandle lwaseSteller, ukhozi oluselwandle lubonwa lunamaphiko amancinci kuba abanye abaninzi kwiindawo zokuhlala ezivulekileyo badlula kulo. ukhozi olubhangileyo iHaast.
Ngokumalunga nokuqwalaselwa kwe ubukhulu bokhozi Inokuthi ithathwe njengento enkulu, ngenxa yemilinganiselo echazwe ngasentla, eyenza esi silwanyana sibe yinto ekhangayo, yongeza into yokuba indiza yayo iphelele, ngenxa yesi sizathu iba yinto emangalisa kakhulu emehlweni abanye.
indawo yokuhlala kuyo
Sisilwanyana esinqabileyo ngokwendawo okanye indawo esisasazwa kuyo. Ukhozi lufumaneka kwiradiyasi ebanzi esuka emazantsi kangangoko kunokwenzeka (eArgentina), ngaphandle kweendawo ezithile zasePanama, edlula kuwo wonke uMzantsi Merika nakuMbindi Merika de ifike kwindawo yaseMexico. Imimandla ephantsi eyaziwayo kunye namahlathi ashinyeneyo yindawo yokuhlala yendalo yezi, ngenxa yeso sizathu ikhangele le ndawo njengoko iyiyona isifanele isimbo sakhe.
Ngokubanzi, umphakamo apho athanda ukubakho malunga neemitha ezingama-900, nangona ezi zibonwe kwindawo eziphakamileyo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-2000 yeemitha, ngakumbi xa ingena kwihlathi letropiki. Indlela yabo yokuzingela isemhlabeni okanye kwi-canopy, ukukhangela amaxhoba abo bawafihla emithini, kwezo ndawo apho indalo ichaphazeleka khona abayi kubonwa, kodwa ukuzingela banokuya kwihlathi elidumileyo le-mosaics. .
Indlela yokuziphatha kunye nokutya kokhozi lwe-harpy
Olu lukhozi olunobuchule obumangalisayo bokuzingela, kwitsheyini lokutya esi silwanyana singasentla, oku kuthetha ukuba asinazilo ezizingelayo zendalo. Njengeyona njongo yazo iphambili yokuzingela, zonke ezo zilwanyana zenza ubomi bemithi zithiywe amagama, nazo ziziva zitsaleleka kwiinkawu kunye ne<em>sloth. Ngokomsebenzi wophando, kuye kwangqinwa ukuba ama-sloth amtsalayo ngawo I-Bradypus variegatus kunye I-Choloepus didactylus.
Uhlobo lweenkawu oluthandwa lukhozi zii<em>marmosets, ii<em>spider monkey, i<em>squirrel monkees, ii<em>saki monkey, ezinye ezinobukhulu obuncinane azinakwa, njenge<em>capuchin. Kufuneka kwakhona kuqatshelwe ukuba uthanda izilwanyana ezifana ne-porcupines, i-squirrels, phakathi kwabanye. Imisebenzi yabo yokuzingela ayiphelelanga kwizilwanyana zolu hlobo kuphela, bayakwazi nokuzingela iimacaw kwaye ukuba bafumene ithuba lokuhlasela izilwanyana ezifana nexhama, balinda ukuba babe kufuphi nomthi ukuze bazihlasele kwaye bazitye.
Imfuyo yasekhaya lixhoba elicelwe kakhulu kolu khozi, kuquka iinkukhu, iihagu kunye namatakane amancinci. Le yimeko engenzekiyo kakhulu ukuba sithathela ingqalelo ubomi bolu khozi kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, ukuzingela zisebenzisa iinzipho zazo ezinkulu ezinomlinganiselo omalunga neesentimitha eziyi-13 kwaye uxinzelelo olukwaziyo ukulusebenzisa yi-42 kgf/cm.2, ukuba bagqiba kwelokuba bazisebenzise zombini iinzipho kangangoko banako.
inkqubo yokuvelisa
Xa ukhozi lukwindawo yalo yokwenene yokuhlala, lubeka iindlwane zalo kufutshane kakhulu nezo zenziwa lolunye ukhozi. Kwiindawo ezithile kumazwe anjengeGuyana kunye nePanama, kunokubonwa ukuba zibekwe njani ukuya kuthi ga kwi-3km kude. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, eVenezuela, izidleke zezi zibonwa ngaphantsi kweekhilomitha ezi-5, ukubeka iliso okufanayo kuye kwenziwa ePeru, ukuqinisekisa lo mgama kwi-7,4 km kwaye ngokwemiqathango yendawo ehlala ngababini babo ukuze bavelise kwakhona, yi-4300. iihektare.
Kuloo mahlathi angafanelekanga, imimandla esetyenziswa ngama-eagles kubantwana bawo ingabonwa, eqikelelwa malunga ne-25km, i-female harpy eagle ibeka amaqanda amabini amhlophe, oku kwenza iindlwane ezenziwe ngamasebe. Ubunzulu bezi imitha ezi-1,2 kunye nobubanzi be-1,5 yeemitha eziqinisekisa umthamo wokusetyenziswa iminyaka emininzi, ezi ndlwana zifumaneka kumasebe amakhulu emithi ekuphakameni malunga ne-16 ukuya kwi-43 yeemitha.
Esi silwanyana sakha indlwane yaso rhoqo kwimithi efana ne kapok, lo ngoweyona mithi mide eMzantsi Merika. Iinkcubeko ezininzi kulo mmandla wehlabathi zikugqala kulishwa ukugawula Ceibas, ekubeni ezi zinceda ngendlela ebanzi ngokwaneleyo ukukhusela indawo yokuhlala kungekuphela nje ukhozi, kodwa nezinye iintaka ezininzi nezilwanyana ezenza ubomi kule mimandla. Ukukhwelana kwale ntaka akwaziwa ncam.
isiko lokukhwelana
Isithethe sokukhwelana kokhozi akwaziwa ngendlela ebekufanele ukuba senziwe ngayo. Kucingelwa ukuba ezi nkozi zidibana ubomi bazo bonke yaye ngokokwaziwa kwazo, izibini ezi zizalana phantse rhoqo emva kweminyaka emi-2 okanye emi-3. Oku kusemva kokuba intshontsho lokuqala lifunyenwe kanye xa liqanduselwa eqandeni, kukho iqanda lesibini elingahoywayo, kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo aliyi kuyigqiba inkqubo yalo ngaphandle kokuba iqanda lokuqala lilahlekile.
Eli qanda liqanduselwa ixesha elingangeentsuku ezingama-56. Xa inzala yolu khozi ineentsuku ezingama-36 ubudala, luyakwazi ukuzimela luze luqalise ukuhamba, lusenza iintshukumo ezingacacanga. Abazali bayo bayondla kwisithuba seenyanga ezi-6 ukuya kwezili-10, uninzi lokutya okuziswa endlwaneni yinkunzi, logama imazi ifukamela amaqanda ayo, ezi ntaka zithathwa ngokuba zikhulile ngokwesondo xa zifikelela kwiminyaka emi-4 ukuya kweyesithandathu. .
Ngokukodwa, inkunzi ithanda ukuba ndlongondlongo xa iphawula ukuba abantu basondela kwindawo apho ukhozi luzakhela khona iindlwane zalo, enoba luze kuthabatha indawo yokuhlala okanye ngenxa yaso nasiphi na esinye isizathu, ekubeni luethe-ethe kakhulu kwintsapho yalo, lubona nayiphi na into. ukuzama ukusondela ebantwini njengesisongelo esinokubakho kungekuphela nje kwabancinci, kodwa nakwisibini esiphetheyo ngokubanonophela.
Ukhozi kunye nobungozi bokuphela
Sithetha nje, olu khozi lusaqhubeka luvelisa, kodwa kuye kwaphawulwa ukuba abemi balo behle ngokuphawulekayo. Esona sisongelo siphambili kubomi babo kukutshatyalaliswa kwendawo abahlala kuyo, oku kungenxa yokuba ukuxhatshazwa kwamahlathi kwanolimo, njengamanye amashishini, kutshabalalise oku ukuze kwandiswe, kude kube yingozi enkulu kubantu abathe baphila. bazinze kwiindawo ezikufutshane nale ndawo yokuhlala.
Njengesongelo sesibini, kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukuba ukuzingela kwale ntaka kuye kwanda kakhulu, oku kubangelwa kukuba njengoko bevame ukuhlasela imfuyo, abantu bafuna ukuzingela ukuze bakhusele. Yinkqubo engenzeki kakhulu, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo iyenzeka kwaye ngenxa yendlela ukhozi oluziphethe ngayo, luba yinto ekujoliswe kuyo kubo bonke abantu abasebenzisa ukuzingela.
Ezi ntlobo zezoyikiso zikhona kuyo yonke indawo abafudukela kuyo, oko kukuthi, indawo yabo yokuhambisa. Ngenxa yoko, ukhozi alunakuxatyiswa, ngoko lwamkela igama elithi "Passenger White", kwihlathi leAtlantiki eBrazil bacima ubukho balo, ukuze balufumane kufuneka bangene nzulu kwinto eyiAmazon Basin kwaye bade benze. oku akuqinisekwanga ukuba unokuyibona.
Ehlabathini lonke, ukhozi lugqalwa njengolusesichengeni yi-IUCN yaye iCITES ilugqala njengesilwanyana esisengozini yokuphela. Ngokukodwa eMexico nakuMbindi Merika, ithathwa njengesilwanyana esisengozini yokuphela, kuba indawo yayo yokuhlala iye yanyamalala, umzekelo, indawo esemantla yeVeracruz. Okwangoku enye inokubonwa eChiapas nakwiSelva Zoque, isoyikiswa kodwa hayi kakhulu njengaseMzantsi Melika.
Ukucamngca
Njengoko uye wakwazi ukuqaphela, ukhozi oluyi-harpy luhlobo oluthi kancinci kancinci luqale ukujongana nokutshatyalaliswa okunokwenzeka kwixesha elizayo, yiyo loo nto ikhwelo eluntwini kukuhlonipha indawo yokuhlala, ezi zizilwanyana ezinokuthi endaweni yazo akulimazi mntu, ingcamango ayikuko ukuhlasela indawo yabo kwaye uhlasele, uphephe ukuthuthwa kwesi silwanyana kunye nezinto ezifanayo kuba luhlobo oluhle kakhulu olufanelwe, njengabanye, ukuqhubeka nobomi ngonaphakade.
Ngokunjalo, amashishini ezolimo namanye, noorhulumente namanye amaziko, kufuneka bafunde ngendlela yokukhusela ezi ndawo ukuze ezi zityalo ziphile ngeyona ndlela iqhelekileyo.Kuxhomekeke kuthi ukuba siqinisekise ukuqhubeka kolu didi, kuquka nabantu.Oku kwenziwa ngokuqala ukuba nezinto ezixabisekileyo kunye nokuhlonipha indawo yomntu wonke. Enkosi ngokuthatha inkathazo yokufunda esi sishwankathelo, ndiyathemba ukuba ufunde ngakumbi malunga nokhozi lwe-harpy.