Thiomarguerite magnificent: ibhaktheriya inkulu ehlabathini

I-Thiomargarite emangalisayo

U-Thiomargarita wandiswa ecaleni kwe-dime [IPHOTOGRAPH KA-TOMAS TYML]

Xa sicinga ngeebhaktheriya senza njalo ngento encinci, ngoko xa sicinga ibhaktiriya enokulinganisa phakathi kwe-10mm kunye ne-20mm ubude Kuyamangalisa ukuthetha okuncinci, yindlela ekuyiyo i-thiodaisy emangalisayo. Isigebenga phakathi komncinane.

ukuyithelekisa ngokomlinganiselo womntu kufana nokuba kukho iingxilimbela ukusuka kwintsomi. Kwaye andibhekiseli kwizigebenga ezingamakhulu eemitha ukuphakama, okanye iingxilimbela ezinde njenge skyscraper (umzekelo, iBurj Khalifa elinganisa i820m) kodwa iingxilimbela ezilingana ne-Everest, Iingxilimbela ezingaphezu kwama-8000m ukuphakama. Leyo yimvakalelo ekufuneka ezinye iibhaktheriya zibe nazo xa ucinga i-thiodaisy emangalisayo.

Ubungakanani be i-thiodaisy emangalisayo asiyiyo yodwa into emangalisayo ukuba le bhaktiriya inayo, kodwa ukuyiqonda kakuhle, masiqale ekuqaleni:

Yintoni iibacteria?

"Ziyi-microorganisms ezingabonakaliyo ngaphandle kwe-nucleus eyahlukileyo." Yile ndlela esinokuyifumana ngayo inkcazo yeebhaktheriya kwi-RAE. Nangona kunjalo, i i-thiodaisy emangalisayo inokubonwa ngeso lenyama, elingahambelani nenkcazo yeebhaktheriya eyaziwayo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.

Ukongezelela, zifunyenwe ubukho be "amaqhekeza" eDNA kwi-membrane yayo, engafanelanga nengcaciso yebhaktiriya. Into esiza kuthetha ngayo kancinci apha ngezantsi.

Yafunyanwa njani? i-thiodaisy emangalisayo?

Sithetha ngokufunyaniswa ngokusondeleyo ngexesha, ukusuka kwi-2009. Kulo nyaka u-Olivier Gros, umphandi ongumFrentshi, wayekwimimango yesiqithi saseGuadeloupe kwiCaribbean kwaye waqaphela ubukho bomhlaba. eminye imisonto emihle emhlophe eyayikumagqabi abolayo omgxobhozo obomvu. Nangona kunjalo, bekungayi kuba ngeli xesha apho kwafunyaniswa ukuba yayiyiloo misonto mincinci.

i mangile

Lakho Igama

Ngo-2015, isazi ngezinto eziphilayo zaseMexico uSilvina González Rizzo ukwazile ukuhlalutya ngempumelelo le misonto kwaye wafumanisa ukuba yayiyintsholongwane yesulfure. Ukususela kulo mzuzu yayiza kufumana igama elithi "Thiomargarita" ngenxa yembonakalo yeeseli zayo kunye nokufana neyona bhaktiriya inkulu ukuza kuthi ga ngoku: Thiomarguerite namibiensis. Eli candelo lokuqala legama lithetha "iperile yesulfure".

Inxalenye yesibini yegama lale bhaktiriya (mhle)  Iza kubonakalisa ubungangamsha bobukhulu bayo kwaye yaqulunqwa yi-microbiologist yaseMexico.

Ubungakanani bayo obungaqhelekanga

Uphononongo ngale bhaktiriya luqhubekile kwaye inokuba ngumfundi ogqirha womphandi waseFransi oza kuphumelela ekulandeleni igenome yale bhaktiriya inomtsalane. Ubungakanani beseli ye i-thiodaisy emangalisayo Idlula kude nayiphi na into ebisele isaziwa. Inyaniso yokuba ibhaktheriya inokubonwa ngeso lenyama iye yaguqula ihlabathi le-microorganisms kwaye lixesha lokuqwalasela ukuba inkcazo kufuneka iguqulwe. Siye sayibona njengokuba sibona ithebhu.

Ixesha elide kwakucingwa ukuba iiseli zebhaktheriya azinakuba nkulu ngenxa yeemfuno zabo. Oko kukuthi, okukhona iseli isiba nkulu, kokukhona ithatha amandla amaninzi ukuze iphile kwaye kokukhona ifuna ukutya okuninzi. I i-thiodaisy emangalisayo Inombutho weselula ohamba kude neebhaktheriya (eyaziwa ngokuba yi-primitive), ifana neeseli zezityalo kunye nezilwanyana ezihamba phambili.

Izazinzulu ziqinisekisa ukuba ukufunyanwa kunye nophando malunga nale bhaktheriya kuya kuba njalo nceda ufumane isizathu sokuba i-eukaryotic genomes iya ikhula kwaye ibe nkulu.

Ukuqamba kwakho kwiDNA

Ubungakanani ayisiyiyo yodwa into emangalisayo malunga nale bhaktheriya, banesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi kunayo nayiphi na enye ibhaktheriya eyaziwayo: Yahlula-hlula i-DNA ibe luhlobo oluthile lwamacandelo iikomkomere. Oko kukuthi, igcina iDNA yayo kwiipakethe ezincinci ezicocekileyo.

Iibhaktheriya ziyiprokaryotes, oko kukuthi, izinto eziphilayo ezingenayo i-nucleus yeseli, ngoko i-DNA yabo ikhululekile okanye ikhululekile. I-Eukaryotes, ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-DNA yazo ijikelezwe yimvulophu. I i-thiodaisy emangalisayo Yibhaktheriya kwaye ngoko ke ingaphakathi kweprokaryotes. Nangona kunjalo, iseli yakho inazo ezi "nuggets" ezigquma iDNA yeseli. Ukongeza, i-genome yayo yenye yezona prokaryotes ezinkulu.

Ukufunyaniswa kwale bhaktheriya, ke ngoko, bekubalulekile kuba yenzayo cinga kwakhona imida yeebhaktheriya. 

Iibhaktheriya azinayo intlangano eyinkimbinkimbi ye-eukaryotes, nangona akufanele sicinge ngayo njengezinto eziphilayo ezilula. Iibhaktheriya zingasebenzisa iishukela, zikhule kwii-substrates ezahlukeneyo, zinxibelelane kwaye ziziphathe ngokwentlalo, njl.

I-Thiomarguerite ebalaseleyo namhlanje

Yintsholongwane isafundelwa kwaye iphinda icinge ngehlabathi lebhaktheriya. Kwangaxeshanye, kuya kunceda ukuqonda ngcono ezinye iintlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezifana ne-eukaryotes, apho thina bantu sizifumana khona.

Into ebangel’ umdla ngendalo kukuba kukho izigidi zezinto eziseza kufunyanwa yaye ezi zinto zinokukubhangisa oko besikuqonda njengesiqhelo. Yi sikhumbuze rhoqo ukuba kufuneka sivuleleke kutshintsho. 


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