Gakanje chisikwa chinowanzo wanikwa kumahombekombe kwese kwese munyika. Inopa hukuru hwakasiyana pakati pemarudzi ayo akasiyana uye inowanzogara mumvura ine brackish. Iyo inowanzoita omnivorous, kunyangwe mamwe marudzi akashongedzerwa seanodya kana herbivorous. Kuti uzive izvo Crabs inodya maererano nemhando imwe neimwe, tinokukoka iwe kuti uenderere mberi nekuverenga chinyorwa ichi.
Makonje anodyei?
Makakanje iboka re<em>crustaceans riri muhurongwa hweDecapoda. Odha iyi inosanganisira marudzi 15.000 XNUMX akasiyana, kusanganisira maprawn nemaprawn. Makakanje anoita basa rakakosha mukati mezvipenyu zvawo, ese akakosha zvikara uye semhuka yaanofarira yemhuka dzakawanda dzemumvura. Pamusoro peizvi, sezvatichaongorora gare gare, mamwe acho akakosha pakudzokorodza kweorganic matter.
Hunhu hweMakanje
Aya anotevera ndiwo akatanhamara emuviri uye maitiro emakakanje:
- tagmas: muviri wayo wakaparadzaniswa mu cephalothorax, iyo inosanganisira musoro uye chikamu chechipfuva, uye pleon, iyo inowanzozivikanwa se "muswe". Zvisinei, iyo yekupedzisira inogona kuderedzwa zvikuru.
- exoskeleton: Makakanje zvisikwa zvine exoskeleton, inova marangwanda ekunze anogadzirwa nechitin. Kuwedzerwa kwairi, inogona kuumbwa necalcium carbonate uye inoita seyakaomesesa, nokudaro ichiumba rudzi rwegoko.
- Chinja: sezvavanokura, iyo exoskeleton "idiki kwavari". Nokudaro, kufanana nearthropods dzose, vanoidurura uye vanogadzira imwe itsva.
- Paws: Kufanana nema decapods ese, magakanje ane gumi peya makumbo. Mu cephalothorax vane 10 pairs. Vokutanga vanoashandisa kudyisa vamwe vose vanofamba, kureva kuti vanoashandisa kufamba. Mupleon vane mamwe mapaya mashanu emakumbo avanoshandisa kushambira.
- Tweezers: nguva dzose, mhuka idzi dzine peya yemakumbo akashandurwa kuita pincers. Vanoshumira kuzvidzivirira uye kuzvidyisa. Vanowanzova vadiki muvakadzi.
- integumentary gasi kuchinjana: magakanje anofema neganda ravo nekuda kwegill yavanayo pazasi pemakumbo avo, ayo anodzivirirwa neiyo exoskeleton.
- gastric chigayo: iri izita rinopihwa dumbu regakanje. Zvimiro zvinoputsika nekusefa chikafu. Kana zvasvika pakunzwisisa kuti nzira yavo yekudyisa yakaita sei, ichi ndicho chimwe chezvakanyanya hunhu hwegakanje.
- Senses: magakanje ane maziso akakomberedzwa ari sessile kana akarongwa munharembozha. Ivo zvakare vane ma appendages anonzwa uye maviri maviri e antennae, nekuda kwavanoziva nharaunda yavo.
- kubereka oviparous: Zvisikwa izvi zvinoberekana nekukandira mazai. Hadzi inoatakura nekuayamwisa kusvika achechenywa.
- indirect development: kubva muzai panobuda gonye rinonzi "nauplius" rinotungamira hupenyu hwe planktonic. Iri gonye rinopinda maitiro ekuchinja kusvika rave munhu mukuru watinoziva tese.
- benthic habitat: Kunze kwezvimwe, magakanje anogara munzizi kana pasi pegungwa. Kusarudzika uku kunogona kutitungamirira nezvezvinodyiwa nemakanje.
Chikafu cheRwizi Crabs
Mhuri dzeAstacidae, Parastacidae neCambaridae dzinowanzonzi crayfish. Idzi makustaceans dzinogara pasi penzizi nedzimwe nzvimbo dzine mvura yakachena, kwadzinohwanda kubva kune zvikara zvakadai semustelids. Sechikamu chekudya kwavo, marudzi ose ehupenyu huripo huri pamubhedha anosanganiswa. Izvo zvisikwa zve omnivorous uye zvinogona kukwira algae, ine mwero invertebrates, hove, uye kunyange yakaora. Nokudaro, zvakakosha zvikuru mukudzokororwa kwezvitunha zvakaiswa mumubhedha, nokudaro kudzivisa kuunganidza kwavo.
Pakati pemamwe marudzi e crayfish tinogona kusiyanisa:
- European crayfish (Austropotamobius pallipes)
- American Red Crab (Procambarus clarkii)
Chii Chikafu cheSea Crabs?
Makakanje emugungwa anoumba boka rakasiyana-siyana rema<em>crustaceans. Mariri tinogona kuwana marudzi akawanda emagakanje, akadai semahermits (Paguroidea), spiny lobster (Palinuridae) uye mazhinji ebrachyurans (Brachyura).
Kuziva zvinodyiwa nemakanje egungwa harisi basa riri nyore, nekuti kudya kwemhuka idzi kuchaenderana nemhando yerudzi, zvakatipoteredza uye mararamiro avo. Naizvozvo, kuti tizive kuti magakanje emugungwa anodyei, tinofanira kuabatanidza maererano nemhando yezvokudya zvawo, kureva kuti, kana ari mhuka dzinodya nyama, dzinodya zvinomera kana kuti omnivore.
Carnivores
Makakanje anodya nyama anowanzova akabhenda, ndiko kuti, anodya mhuka dzinogara pasi pegungwa, dzakadai semakorustasiya ane mwero uye molluscs. Zvisinei, vamwe vave vachizivikanwa kuti pakupedzisira vanodya algae. Pakati pemhando dze carnivorous crabs ndezvi:
- Gakanje (Cancer pagurus)
- Blue snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio)
Herbivores
Izvi zvisikwa zvemugungwa zvinodya zvakanyanya pamashizha uye nhungirwa dzezvinomera, zvese zviri kumahombekombe nemahombekombe. Izvi zvinosanganisira algae, seagrasses uye mangroves. Nekudaro, kuti vawedzere kudya kwavo vanogona kudya zvine mwero invertebrates muhuwandu hudiki. Semuenzaniso weiyi mhuka yemugungwa ine herbivorous marine crab (Aratus pisonii). Icho chisikwa cheArboreal, ndosaka vamwe vanyori vachichiisa semi-terrestrial.
omnivores
Kudya kwakasiyana-siyana kunowanikwa kune omnivorous crabs inovabvumira kuti vagadzirise zvakanyanya kune akasiyana ecosystem. Sechikamu chekudya kwemakakanje ari echikamu ichi, tinogona kuwana diki invertebrates, algae uye kunyange yakaora. Semienzaniso yeomnivorous sea crabs tinogona kutaura zvinotevera:
- Gakanje rebhuruu ( Callinectes sapidus)
- Coconut crab (Birgus latro)
Ko Land Crabs inodyei?
Tinogona kutaura kuti avo vanopedza nguva yakawanda yehupenyu hwavo vari kunze kwemvura vanorondedzerwa semagakanje. Zvisinei, makonye avo ari mumvura uye hadzi dzinodzokera kugungwa kunobereka. Kuwedzerwa kune izvi, vanoda kugara munzvimbo dzine hunyoro kuitira kuti magill avo agare akanyorova. Gakanje remuvhu rinowanzova zvisikwa zvinodya zvinomera. Kudya kwavo kunobva pamichero nemashizha, kunyangwe ivo vanowanzodya zvakaora uye zvidiki zvisingaite.
Semamwe emhando dzegakanje tinogona kutaura:
- Red Land Crab (Gecarcinus lateralis)
- Blue land crab (Cardisoma guanhumi)
Ko Aquarium Crabs inozvitsigira sei?
Makakanje zvisikwa zvinofanirwa kurarama mumamiriro avo echisikigo uye sechikamu cheecosystem yavo, kwete muaquarium. Zvisinei, nokuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiana-siana, dzimwe nguva tinozviwana timene tiri mudikanwo yokuchengeta gakanje ratisingagoni kudzokera kumusha kwaro. Kana aya ari mamiriro ako uye uchinetseka kuti chii chinodyiwa makakanje emu aquarium, tichakupa zvimwe zvinongedzo.
Kudya kweaquarium crabs kunoenderana nekwavanogara, mararamiro uye kuti ndeapi marudzi. Chinhu chakanyanya kunaka ndechekuve neruzivo rwakanyanya nezvekudya kwavo kwechisikigo uye edza kuitevedzera. Nenzira iyi chete inogona kudya kwakakodzera kuvimbiswa. Kana iwe uchiri kusava nechokwadi, chinhu chakanaka chekuita ndechokukumbira mazano kune nyanzvi inogona kutitungamirira.
Sechikamu chemhando dzakasiyana dzemakakanje atinowanzo kuona mu aquariums ndeaya:
- European fiddler crab (Uca tangeri): iri semi-terrestrial crustacean, ine omnivorous feeding iyo kudya kwayo kunonyanya kuumbwa nemarara akawandisa mune zvinovaka muviri, senge microalgae. Sechikamu chekudya kwavo isu tinogonawo kuwana zvirimwa zvemuchadenga, marara uye zvakaora.
- Red land crab (Neosarmatium meinerti): tiri kutaura nezvegakanje remvura yemunyu, arboreal mukukura kwayo. Yakaenzana omnivorous, kunyange ichidya, kunyanya mangrove mashizha uye nhungirwa. Inogonawo kudya marara emashizha, algae uye twumhuka husina vertebrae.
- Rainbow crab (Cardisoma armatum): igakanje renyika rinodya mashizha, michero, maruva, zvipembenene nezvimwe zvipembenene.
- Panther gakanje (Parathelphusa pantherina): icrustacean yemvura yakachena uye, saka, omnivorous inodya zvese.
Curiosities
- Mazino egakanje ari mudumbu rayo.
- Gakanje guru rinozivikanwa kusvika nhasi rakawanikwa muMaryland. Murume wekureba kwe9 inches.
- Gakanje rarasikirwa nenzara yaro.
- Makakanje anonziwo decapods, sezvo aine gumi (deca) makumbo (pods). Makumbo maviri ekutanga anoratidzwa sepincers, biologically inonzi chelae.
- Varume vane matumbu nhete, ukuwo vakadzi vane dumbu rakafara.
- Gakanje reJapan spider rinogona kuratidza kupatsanurwa pakati pemakumbo emamita matatu kusvika mana, anogona kusvika pamamita masere kana yaatambanudza.
- Gakanje reJapan spider, pamusoro pekuve iro rekare, rinotendwawo kuti ndiro rinorarama zvakadzika, pamwe neiyo ine hupenyu hurefu hwakareba.
- Hermit crabs, king crabs, horseshoe crabs, uye porcelain crabs haasi echokwadi magaka, sezvo asiri ma decapods.
- Fiddler crabs ane claw hombe kune rimwe divi, iyo yaanogona kusimudza mune chiito chinoita senge kutevedzera munhu ari kutamba violin.
- Gakanje rine ruvara rwakanyanya munyika yose ndiro gakanje reSally Lightfoot. Inoratidza tsvuku, orenji, yero uye machena mavara.
- Makakanje anogona kugara pasi, chero bedzi achigona kuchengeta magill avo akanyorova. Ichi chingangove chimwe chezvikonzero nei uchizoona magakanje ari padyo nemasaisai, pamahombekombe.
- Mhando dzegakanje dzinodyiwa zvakanyanya pasi rose igakanje reblue rekuJapan kana gakanje rebhiza.
- Makungwa anowanzo kubikwa achiri mupenyu, uye zvinopesana nengano yakakurumbira, magaka uye lobster anogona kunzwa kurwadziwa uye kazhinji usakanganwa kurarama.
- Munzvimbo zhinji dzeEast Asia, roe, inowanzonzi maovarian egg masses, ichiri kudyiwa sezvo ichionekwa seyakanakisa sosi yeomega-3 fatty acids.
- Makakanje vatauri vanoshamisa. Vanowanzo taurirana nekuridza nzwara kana kuzunza mapinzi avo.
- Makakanje ane mukurumbira wekushanda seboka. Vanoshanda pamwe chete kuti vawane zvokudya pamwe chete nokudzivirira mhuri dzavo. Mumwaka wekusvirana, hono dzinotsvaga nzvimbo yakanaka yekuti hadzi inobudisira mazai ayo.
- Kufamba uye kushambira kuenda kumativi egakanje kazhinji kunokwezva pfungwa.
- Unogona kuziva bonde regakanje nekutarisa pasi pegoko raro. Vanhukadzi vanowanzo ratidza dhome, nepo varume vachiratidzira kunze.
Zvimwe zvinyorwa zvatinoda kukurudzira ndezvi: