The Terracotta Warriors kana Xian Warriors, kurinda mambo wekutanga weChina uye vakawanikwa neboka revarimi zvakasununguka. Asi... Nyaya yako ndeyei? Sezvavari?
Ngatimbozamai zvishoma munhoroondo ye uto gurusa rati rambowanikwa muguva, rakatemerwa kuita mambo wavo mutongi muupenyu hwapashure porufu zvakare.
Kuwanikwa kweTerracotta Warriors
Uye 1974, vamwe varimi vakanga vachichera tsime pedyo netaundi duku vakawana chimwe chezvakakura zvakawanikwa pakuchera matongo yenguva. Dzimba huru dzepasi pevhu dzakakomberedza guva ramambo. Paiva nevarwi vanopfuura 8000 XNUMX veterracotta, uto guru raiita serakagadzirira kurwa.
Kunyange zvazvo kuwana kwacho kwaishamisa, kwakanga kwave kuchioneka chaizvoizvo kwemazana emakore, sezvo nzvimbo yacho yakazara nezvitubu zvepasi pevhu. Kuchera munzvimbo iyi kwaisanganisira dzimwe nguva kuwana zvisaririra zveceramic, masonry kana mataira kubva kuguva raQin.
Apo basa rekuchera matongo rakatanga, the yakakura seti yezviumbwa zvakambowanikwa.
Mambo wekutanga weChina
Ying Zheng, akatanga kutonga mudunhu reQin aine makore gumi nematatu muna 13 BC. Nekufamba kwenguva akazove wekutanga mambo weChina, mushure mekubatanidza humambo hwe7 izvo zvakagadzirisa Kutonga kwake kwakatora makore makumi matatu nematanhatu uye kwakauya pamwe nebudiriro dzakasiyana senge yakamisikidzwa kana yakabatana arufabheti yeChina yese. Ndiyo zvakare kune iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa chinhu cheChina chine chikwereti: The Great Wall.
mambo uyu akanga akananga pakusiya nhaka uye kurangarirwa. Zvichida izvi zvinotitaurira nezvemanzwiro asina kunaka pamusoro pekufa kwake pachake. Uyezve, makore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake akapedzwa achitsvaga alchemists uye kuita nzendo dzakasiyana siyana, zvese achitsvaga mushonga wehupenyu husingaperi.
Kuvakwa kweguva ramambo
Mugore rekutanga rekutonga kwake, mambo akatoraira kuvakwa kwenecropolis hombe kutanga. pasi pevhu. Ichange izere nezvigadzirwa, zviyeuchidzo asi, kuwedzera, paizova neuto. Zvose izvi zvaizomuperekedza kuupenyu hwapashure porufu uko aizopfuurira kushandisa nzvimbo yake samambo.
Hondo yevarwi veterracotta sei?
Hondo iyi ichiri kumira, yakagadzirira kurwa uye yakakamurwa kuita makomba akawanda. Imwe yemakomba aya, the chikuru, ine nzvimbo ye200 x 50 metres uye ine anopfuura 7500 varwi, mamwe acho achiri kuzofukunurwa. A gomba rechipiri rine ngoro dzinopfuura zana nemakumi matatu nemabhiza anodarika mazana matanhatu. Gomba rechitatu rinogara the vakuru vakuru vaitungamirira varwi. Guva rechina rakawanikwa, izvo zvinoratidza kuti basa racho zvimwe rakasiyiwa risina kupera pakafa mambo.
Zvisinei, hatifaniri kufunga kuti kwaingova neuto guru iri muguva ramambo. Paivawo nemakamera aiva nenhamba dzevaimbi, vashandi, vakuru vakuru vehurumende, nezvimwewo. Pamwe chete nemhuka dzekunze kwenyika. Zvinoratidza vavariro iri muzvirongwa zvamambo zvehupenyu hwapashure porufu.
Zvivezwa izvi terracotta zvivezwa, rudzi rwevhu dzvuku-shava. Kuti zviitwe, maworkshop akati wandei nevashandi vanenge 700.000 XNUMX vaidiwa. Ita saizi yechisikigo, kunenge mita imwe namakumi masere pakureba.
Zvivezwa zvaive yakagadzirwa muzvidimbu zvakasiyana-siyana zvaizobatanidzwa uye kuti vakanga vachimiririra nhengo dzeuto ramambo. zvinogadzirwa maererano nemapoka avo uye vane zvombo zvakasiyana uye mayunifomu. Imwe neimwe yakasarudzika maererano ne akasiyana maitiro, matauriro, magadzirirwo ebvudzi, ndebvu uye ndebvu.
vaiva polychromes ane mavara akajeka, kunyangwe pendi iyi inodonha pakusangana nemhepo uye yaizofumura terracotta. Nekuda kweiyo oxidation nemhepo, mumaawa mashanu chete pigment inobuda paterracotta. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, imwe nzira iri kuongororwa inobvumira kuti mavara ekutanga achengetwe uye kusvikira izvi zvaitwa, mamwe varwi havazorambi vachicherwa.
Pakangoitwa guva uye mambo avigwa, guva racho harina kuramba riripo. Mushure mekudonha kwedzinza reQin, varimi vakaipamba uye vakaba zvombo zvakawanda zvavaitakura. uto reterracotta
Gadziriro yehupenyu mushure mekufa
yingzheng, Angadai asiri iye ega munhu aigadzirira nokungwarira upenyu hwapashure porufu. Vakafa venguva yeKofun muJapan vakavigwa nezvivezwa zvemabhiza nedzimba. Jaina Island makuva kubva kumahombekombe eMexico ane zviumbwa zveceramic.
Uye zvechokwadi, iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa budiriro maererano nekugadzirira hupenyu hwako hwehupenyu hwepashure perufu: maEgypt.
Tinokurudzira kuti utarise chinyorwa pa Guva raTutankhamun: Ijipiti kubva paguva romwana mambo
Vari kupi izvozvi?
Pakangowanikwa guva, complex yemamyuziyamu panzvimbo yacho pachayo. Bako guru rakafukidzwa uye rinogona kushanyirwa. Tsvakurudzo pamusoro peguva iri ichiri kushanda.
Kuti tiione taitofanira kuenda kugomo riri mukati kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweXian, mudunhu reShaanxi muChina.
Kuti udzidze nezve zvimwe zvakawanikwa nevanochera matongo, tarisa zvimwe zvinyorwa pawebhusaiti yedu uye usapotsa nhau.