Pane munhu akakwanisa kudzika pasi 11.000 metres pasi pegungwa? Mhinduro ndihungu, uye wekutanga kuiwana akazviita mugore ra19060.
Chakanga chiri chivakwa cheItaly uye chakadzika zvakanyanya murwendo rwakaitwa neTrieste bathyscaphe.
Takaziva kudzika kwegungwa kwemakore makumi manomwe, hapasisina
Rimwe rematambudziko makuru evanhu nderokuongorora Pasi, nemhepo, gungwa uye pasi. Uye chaizvoizvo gungwa ndiyo imwe yenzvimbo dzakaoma zvikuru. Kwemakore akawanda zvaiita sezvisingabviri kudzika pasi kunyange nemamita mashoma pasi pemwero wegungwa. Funga kuti tiri kutaura nezvegore ra1960 pazvaibvira kutanga kuongorora zvakanga zviri pasi pegungwa. Kureva kuti, zvese zvinozivikanwa zvekudzika kwakadzika zvakabva pamakore makumi manomwe apfuura.
Panguva ino munhu ave kukwanisa kuvaka mhoteredzo inokwana kuti akwanise kuongorora hudzamu hwenyanza, vasati vazviganhurira nezviri kunze. Kudzika kwekutanga kudzika kwakadzika kwakaitwa muna 1960, muChallenger Deep yeMarainas Trench. Zvaikwanisika kudzikisa anenge 110.000 metres, kunyanya kudzika kwe10.929m.
The Challenger Deep uye Mariana Trench
Kana tichida kuwana nzvimbo yakadzika pasi pePasi, tinofanira kuenda kuMarina Trench, kwatinowana kudzika kwakadzika kwegungwa pasi. Iine kureba kwe2.500 km, asi ine chimiro chechimiro, ine crescent chimiro. Iri pakati pePhilippine tectonic plate nePacific tectonic plate. Nenzvimbo, taigona kuiisa pakati pePhilippines, New Guinea neJapan, muNorth Pacific.
english ship expedition
Iyi ndiyo nzvimbo yakadzika papasi, uye yakanyatsoita 10.900 metres pasi pegungwa. Inozivikanwa seChallenger Abyss, zita rainotambira nekuti yakawanikwa nechikepe cheChirungu icho yainzi Challenger, munenge mugore ra 1875. Murwendo urwu zvakanzi hudzamu hukuru pasi pemwero wegungwa hwakanga huri 8.184 XNUMX, izvo zvinoita kuti tifunge kuti zvichida gare gare zvichawanwa kuti pakanga pachine udzame hwaizowanwa.
MaBritish akachinja nhamba iyi
Makore mashoma gare gare, muna 1951, kumwezve rwendo rweBritain rwakakwanisa kuona kuti zvakanga zvawanwa kusvika panguva iyoyo uye kuti vakanga vayera pakadzika mamita 8.184 XNUMX chaizvoizvo rakanga risiri tsime asi gomba rakadzika-dzika, uye kuti. Yakayera 10.863 metres kudzika. Mukuremekedza kuwanikwa kwekutanga, rwendo rwechipiri rwakasarudza kudana gomba rakadzikadzika mushure mechikepe, Challenger.
Nanhasi zvinozivikanwa kuti gomba rakaita secrescent, uye izvozvo yakakamurwa kuita mabheseni matatu; kumabvazuva, nechepakati nekumadokero. Pamusoro pezvo, hudzamu hwakayerwa, kunyangwe hwaive hwakasimba, hwave kuzivikanwa kuti hwakareba zvishoma. Pane kutaura nezve 10.902 kana 10.929 metres, hazvizivikanwe kana.
Kukunda zvipingamupinyi zvegungwa
Pakati pema50s ne60s, vanhu vakaita kufambira mberi kwesainzi kwakawanda, pamatanho ese. Zvaigoneka kukunda miganho yakawanda yePasi iyo kusvika panguva iyoyo yaiita sezvisingabviri, kungave nemhepo, nenyika kana negungwa. Ngatirangarirei izvozvo Yekutanga setiraiti yekugadzira yakatangwa muna 1957. kuenda muchadenga, uye kuti munhu pachake akasvika muchadenga muna 1961. Kana iri Nyika, miganhu yakapfuurwawo, kusvika panhongonya dzemakomo marefu zvikurusa panyika akadai seEverest neK2 muma 50s. Uye pakupera kwemakore gumi aya yekutanga nzvimbo yekutsvagisa yeSouth Pole yakavakwa. Idzo dzose nzvimbo dzakanga dzisina munhu kusvika panguva iyoyo.
Gungwa rakanga richiri rimwe dambudziko kuvanhu. Ngarava dzepasi pemvura dzakavakwa panguva iyoyo dzaisakwanisa kusvika pakadzika dzika. Vaifanira kuita chivakwa chakakosha kuti vakwanise kusvika mamita akawanda kudaro pasi pegungwa. Pakanga pasina igwa raikwanisa kumirisana nemvura yakadaro.
Bathyspheres uye bathyscaphes, mhinduro yekukwanisa kuongorora gungwa rakadzika
Vaifanira kugadzira mativi esimbi aidzikiswa netambo uye aisungirirwa pangarava kuitira kuti asarasike pakadzika. Ichi chivakwa chakagamuchira zita rebathyspheres. Vakatanga kuedza navo kuma30 uye muna 1934 vakadzika kusvika pa923 metres. Kunyange zvakadaro, vaida chimwe chinhu kuti vakwanise kupinda zvakadzama.
Hondo Yenyika II yapera, mabhatiscaphes akagadzirwa, akafanana chaizvo nenzvimbo dzekugezera asi asina kusungirirwa patambo. Idzi dzakadzika kusvika kuprepulsion nerubatsiro rwemagetsi emagetsi. Yakagadzirwa nemuItaly muna 1948. Asi mufaro wacho waiva wenguva pfupi, wakaguma wanyura pashure pokunyura zvakanaka. Imwe nguva gare gare, muSwitzerland ainzi Auguste Piccard akatevera pfungwa iyi ndokuvaka imwe bathyscaphe. Akaitumidza kuti FNRS-2. Iyo haina kunyura, uye chaizvoizvo yakashandiswa neFrench Navy kuita basa kubva kumhenderekedzo yeSenegal, ichidzika kusvika ku4.000 mamita.
Bathyscaphe yeTrieste
Asi Piccard haana kugara neiyo prototype uye ndizvozvo. Akagadzira imwe bathyscaphe uye panguva ino akaisa a peturu yakazara imba. Izvi zvakabvumira kuti iwedzere kuwedzera. Uye akatogadzira nzvimbo yekuti vashandi vaviri vaende. Nei ichinzi Trieste Bathyscaphe?Nekuti panguva iyoyo Piccard akatamira kuTrieste uye kubva ipapo ndipo paakagadzira iyi prototype itsva ye bathysphare.
Yakanga isiri kusvika 1953 iyo yakatanga kushandiswa uye muna 1958 yakatengwa neUnited States Navy iyo yaida kuongorora Mariana Trench. Muna 1959 bathyscaphe yakaendeswa iyo Mariana Trench uye pakutanga kwema60, kuongorora kwakaitwa kuburikidza neChallenger Deep. Mariri maiva naPiccard pachake naDon Walsh, kaputeni muU.S. Navy.
Rwendo rwacho pacharwo rwakatora maawa angangoita mashanu uye rwakadzika kunobata pasi pebheseni rekumadokero, pakadzika 5 metres. Kubva pakadzika kudaro vakataurirana nechikepe chaamai kuburikidza nehydrophone. Rwendo urwu haruna kugara kwenguva refu nekuti maminitsi makumi maviri gare gare chikamu chePlexiglas chakadonha. (Nzvimbo yakajeka yaibvumira kuona zviri kunze uye yaikwanisa kumirisana nedzvinyiriro idzi dzakakwirira, pamwero wakati). Vaifanira kukwira nekukurumidza sezvavaigona, izvo zvakabva pakuva rwendo rwemaawa mashanu kuenda pakadzika kusvika pakuva 5 nekota maawa kunze. Vakapukunyuka vasina kukuvadzwa uye basa racho rakabudirira chose.