Unoda kuziva kuti maCharacteristics eTsoko chii?Inogara kupi? kana tsika dzavo ndedzipi? Zvakanaka, mune ino chinyorwa tichatsanangura ese aya maficha, kuitira kuti iwe ugone kuve neruzivo rwuri nani rwezvinhu zvinonakidza zveiyi mhuka inoshamisa uye zvimwe zvinhu.
Tsoko Hunhu
Mhuka iyi inonakidza yakanzi tsoko, inova mhuka inoyamwisa yemhando dzeprimate, iyo mu taxonomic kana zoological classification inoratidzika sehama yemunhu uye ine imwe yenyama uye maitiro akafanana nemunhu, yakakura kupfuura iyo chero ipi zvayo mhuka dziri munyika. Chokwadi, ihama yepedyo nemhando yehomo sapiens, kunyangwe isiri pedyo sedzimwe mhuka dzemhuka dzakadai sechimpanzi kana gorilla.
Imhuka dzepamusoro, dzakarongedzerwa mukati memhuka dzinoyamwisa uye dzine huchenjeri hwepamusoro, saka dzinokwanisa kushamwaridzana, kuva nesangano rehumambo uye vanokwanisa kugadzirisa matambudziko nenzira yepakutanga.
Izvo zvave zvichibvira kuverenga zvingangoita mazana maviri nemakumi matanhatu emarudzi etsoko munyika, ayo ari muhuwandu hukuru hwezviitiko, zverudzi rwearboreal, zvinoreva kuti vanogara mumiti. Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti mhuka yega yega ine zita rakasiyana, zvisinei, ivo vanowanzo shandiswa colloquially sekunge ivo vanonyanya kana kushoma zvakafanana, sezvazvakaita nemazwi ekuti tsoko, gudo kana macaque.
Chimwe colloquial mativi kuti tinofanira kurangarira ndechokuti tinowanzo kushandisa zita tsoko sechinofanana netsoko, kunyange zvazvo pane zvakakosha zvikuru taxonomic kusiyana, sezvo nyaya kuti tsoko haana prehensile muswe, nepo tsoko, izvo ivo. kuchida serubatsiro kuti ugone kubatirira zviri nani kumatavi emiti.
Zoological classification ye Tsoko
Chekutanga, zvinofanirwa kutaurwa kuti tsoko imhuka dzine vertebrate, nekuti dzine hurongwa hwemapfupa uye musana, asi zvakare mhuka dzinoyamwisa, nekuti embryo yevana vavo inokura mukati mehadzi uye vane mazamu, ayo Vanodyisa nawo. vana vavo pakuzvarwa.
Tsoko ndezverudzi rwemaprimates uye dzakakamurwa kuita mhuri mbiri, mhuri yeplatyrrhine, inova iyo yenyika itsva; uye macercopithecoids, ayo ari enyika yekare. Izvo zvakasiyana kwazvo nemaape, ayo ari pedyo nemunhu, anonziwo hominoids, sezvinoitwa negibhoni, chimpanzi, orangutan uye gorilla.
Musiyano ndewekuti tsoko dzine muswe weprehensile, hurongwa hwemabhonzo huri hwechinyakare, uye kazhinji dzinenge dziri diki muhukuru.
monkey habitt
Imwe yehunhu hukuru hwetsoko inozivikanwa kune vese uye ndeyekuti tsoko inowanda zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzeCentral neSouth America. Hugaro hwetsoko hunogona kuwanikwa munzvimbo dzinopisa kwazvo uye dzesango dzinowanikwa muequator, asi inyaya yekuti mhando yega yega yakakwanisa kuchinjika kune yakasarudzika mamiriro ekugara mumasavanna uye mumasango.
MuAmerica, nhamba huru yadzo inogona kuwanikwa munzvimbo dzeMexico, Central uye South America, nepo muEurope kondinendi inowanikwa munzvimbo yeGibraltar, asi kunewo mhando mumasango eAsia neAfrica.
Tsoko Evolution
Nemhaka yokuti dzidziso yaCharles Darwin yemhindumupindu yave isinganzwisiswi, tagara tisinganzwisisi kuti tsoko tateguru wemunhu, asi chaizvoizvo kwete, sezvo inongova hama iri kure kwazvo yevanhu.
Zvinoita senge zvine chokwadi nesainzi ndezvekuti mhuka dzese dzinobuda kuva dzinza rekare, iro rakatsauka kubva kune dzimwe mhuka dzese dzepanyika ndokukwira mumiti makore makumi matanhatu neshanu apfuura. Munguva iyoyo yenguva, hupenyu hwakanga hwakazara mumhando dzeshiri nemhuka dzinoyamwisa, uye primate yakatanga kujairana nekushanduka-shanduka kuenda kunzvimbo yayo nyowani, iyo yaive yearboreal.
Iyi primitive primate yekutanga ingadai yakapa maruva emarori, lemurs, lorises uye mamwe marudzi akafanana, ayo matavi ekushanduka-shanduka akapa nzira kune yekutanga primates ane prehensile miswe akatanga kubuda, anenge mamiriyoni makumi mana emakore apfuura, uye anofunga kuti izvi zvakabudirira. chirongwa chakaitika muAsia kondinendi.
Tsoko Behaviour
Imwe yehunhu hwetsoko ndeyekuti imhuka inoshamwaridzana uye inoshamwaridzana, inogara mumapoka uye inokwanisa kupa hanya, kambani uye rudo.
Kugadziriswa kwehupenyu munzanga kwave kwakadaro zvokuti vakakwanisa kuzvironga ivo pachavo maererano nehurongwa hwehutungamiri uye kukwanisa kwavo kupa pfungwa iyoyo, rudo uye kambani inoshandiswa pamatanho anoita kuti vafanane nevanhu. Kune mapoka akakwanisa kuzvisimbisa uye akadzidzwa, achiratidza kuti kune hukama hwakasimba uye hwepedyo pakati pavo, hunogara nekufamba kwenguva, kumativi emurume kana boka revarume rinovatungamirira.
Chimwe chimiro chetsoko ndechekuti hadzi dzinowanzogara muboka radzo rekuzvarwa kwehupenyu hwadzo hwese. Sezvatareva, mapoka etsoko aya akarongeka mumagariro evanhu uye nenzira iyo, munhu mumwe nomumwe ane imwe nzvimbo, vanobatanawo mune tsika dzakadai sekushongedzana, vachishandisa basa sechibatanidza chinosimbiswa pakati pavo.
Tsoko Kurarama kwenguva refu
Avhareji yekurarama kwetsoko maererano nemarudzi ari kutaurwa. Mhuka duku kudarika dzose dzinorarama kwemakore angangoita gumi, asi kana dziri mhando huru, dzinogona kusvika kumakore makumi mashanu.
tsoko kudya
Kudya kwetsoko kwakasiyana-siyana, tinogona kutaura kuti inogona kunge iri omnivorous, sezvo vane simba rekudya pane zvose zvinomera uye dzimwe mhuka, asi zvinogona kunzi vanosarudza mbeu, bark, michero , zvipembenene. nemamwe marudzi anowanikwa munzvimbo dzavanogara, ari pamusoro pemiti.
Hazvishamisiwo kuti mamwe marudzi akazvipira kuvhima mamwe marudzi emakonzo uye dzimwe shiri duku, kana kunyange kuti vane hunhu hunodya neruremekedzo kune mamwe marudzi etsoko iduku.
Tsoko Play
Sezvatakambotaura, imhuka dzinoyamwisa, uye dzinotsamira pakuberekwa kwepabonde, asi dzinosvika pakukura kwepabonde pavanenge vane mwedzi gumi nemasere, kazhinji, kunyange zvichienderana nehupenyu hwavo, kune marudzi anosvika pazera remakore masere. . Humwe hunhu hwetsoko ndehwekuti, zvinoenderana nerudzi rwavo, vanogona kuita barika kana kuti murume mumwe muhupenyu hwavo hwose. Nguva yavo yekuzvitakura iri pakati pemwedzi mina nemisere, pakupera kwayo kazhinji vanenge vaine mwana mumwe kana vaviri.
Tsoko Displacement
Tsoko dzine migumo yakachinjirwa pamisoro yemiti, kuitira kuti tsoka nemaoko avo zvive zvakaenzana prehensile, ndiko kuti, vanoshumira zvakasimba kubata matavi.
Saka, vanogona kufamba nekukurumidza uye nekugona kukuru. Panzvimbo yakati sandara, kune rumwe rutivi, kufamba kwavo kwakaoma sezvo vasina tsoka dzakapfava (sevanhu) kuti vashande serutsigiro.
Tsoko Diversity
Iri iboka rakasiyana-siyana remhuka, iro rakakamurwa kuita 270 dzinozivikanwa uye dzakanyoreswa mhando, 135 mukondinendi yekare uye 135 mune itsva, kunyangwe zvisingarambidzwe kuti panogona kunge paine zvakawanda uye imwe yehunhu hwe Tsoko ine hunhu hwakasiyana. Mhuka idzi dzinobva patsoko diki uye dzinokurumidza kuita seAmerican marmoset, kusvika kumarudzi akareba uye ane mapapiro akaita sedandemutande tsoko kana gudo rine mukurumbira.
Misiyano maererano nebvudzi, hunhu hwemuviri, chiyero uye zvimwe zvinhu zvakakura kwazvo, saka zviri nyore kwazvo kuziva mhando dzinowanikwa mudunhu, uye dzinowanzova mufananidzo wezvipenyu uye zvipenyu munzvimbo dzakasiyana. izvo zvavanorarama, nokuti vane ushamwari zvikuru uye vanopa ngozi duku kumunhu.
Monkey Conservation Status
Zvinosuruvarisa, zvakare tinowana mhuka yemhuka iri kutyisidzirwa kana kuti iri mungozi yekutsakatika, semugumisiro wekurasikirwa kwekugara kwayo nekuda kwekutema uye kuparadzwa kwemasango mavanogara.
Zvinotyisa zvakare kuti vanovhimwa semikombe kana kuparadzwa nevarimi vanovaona senjodzi kuzvirimwa zvavo. Pamhando dzinozivikanwa, makumi maviri neshanu dzinoonekwa dzakanyanya kutsakatika, kunyanya muMadagascar (25 marudzi), Vietnam (6 marudzi), uye Indonesia (5 marudzi).
Tinovimba kuti takakwanisa kukutsanangurirai zvikuru Zvimiro zveTsoko uye kuti makanakidzwa nokuverenga chinyorwa ichi.
Tinokurudzira izvi zvimwe zvinyorwa zvinonakidza:
- Mhuka dzemugungwa
- Mhuka dzepanyika
- Mhuka dzepapurazi