Buddhism Rites uye Mhemberero: Chii? uye Types

Muzvitendero zvakasiyana-siyana zviri munyika, chimwe chezvinonyanya kukosha ndechiBuddhism, munyaya ino tichataura nezvese maRites eBuddhism, saka usapotsa kuzviziva.

tsika dzechiBuddha

Mitemo yeBuddhism

Mitemo kana mhemberero zviito zvinoitwa mumakore mazhinji pasina kutambura mutsauko mutsika kana chitendero chavo, muBuddhism idzidziso yehuzivi uye yemweya iyo yakafambiswa naBuddha. Mitambo yavo nemhemberero dzakagadzirirwa kurangarira nguva dzekutanga, rufu, gore idzva, nezvimwe.

Chii chinonzi Rites of Buddhism?

Buddhism inopfuura chitendero, nokuti yakapfuma zvikuru muzvitendero zvakasiyana-siyana, miitiro, miitiro, mhemberero nemitambo inoshamisira zvikuru. Dzakawanda dzedzidziso dzakapihwa naBuddha dzinokudzwa uye dzinoyeukwa mune idzi tsika dzechiBhudha. Sechitendero, Buddhism yakapfuma kwazvo, isinganzwisisike uye izere nezvakavanzika zvakawanda, huzivi hwayo hunoshamisa sezvo huchikudzidzisa kurarama hupenyu.

Muvambi wechiBuddha ainzi Siddharta Gautama, anozivikanwawo saSakyamuni kubvira achiri jaya akanga ari werudzi rwaSakya, akaberekerwa muKapilavastu, gore rake rokuberekwa nerufu risingazikanwi, iye pachake akatora zita raBuddha, iro zvinoreva Iye Akavhenekerwa kana Kumuka, uye akatanga kuparidza dzidziso dzake muVaranasi uye muNortheast India yose.

Buddha

Siddhartha Gautama akararama pakati pezana ramakore rechi 40 nerechina pamberi paKristu, wemavambo anozvinyima, akava murapi weyogi, n’anga, muzivi nomuzivi, uye nedzidziso dzake akavamba chiBuddha, dzidziso dzake dzakapiwa kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweIndia kwemakore anopfuura XNUMX. makore. , iyo yakanga yakavakirwa pakutambura uye nzira yokukugumisa nayo kuti isvike Nirvana.

Pakutanga, akanga ari mumwe wemhuri yairemekedzwa, upenyu hwaakasiya kuti ave mupemhi, uye pashure pokufungisisa uye kurarama somuzvinyiriri, akakwanisa kuwana kuberekwa patsva kwomudzimu. Zvinotendwa kuti amai vake vakafa paakazvarwa, zita rake Siddhartha rinoreva "uyo anozadzisa chinangwa chake".

Maererano nevanyori vezvakaitika kare vakawanda, akanga ari mumiriri ainzi Asita, uyo akaongorora 32 mamakisi emwana uye akafanotaura kuti aigona kuva mambo mukuru kana murume mutsvene, kufanotaura uku kwaizodzokororwa zvakare kuburikidza nenyanzvi dzakasiyana-siyana, gare gare Kaundinya wechidiki Brahmin. ndiye akafanotaura kuti aizova Buddha.

Vanhu vokutanga vakanyora nezvaGautanma vakaita kudaro somurume aitsvaka nharidzano yomudzimu, yaakazova munhu anozvinyima kana kuti Sramana, pashure pokuodzwa mwoyo muupenyu hwavasiri. Asi nhoroondo dzehupenyu dzakabuda gare gare dzinosimbisa maonero emutambo wakawanda mukuita sarudzo iyi, kuve mupemhi anozvinyima. Nhoroondo dzekare dzinozivikanwa dzekutsvagisa pamweya naGautama dzakawanikwa muAriyapariyesaná-sutta kana Hurukuro paNoble Quest.

Ipapo vanodonongodza kuti kurega kwake upenyu hweropafadzo kwakanga kuri nemhaka yokuti airangarira kukwegura, kurwara norufu, uye akafunga kuti nokuda kwavo vose kwakanga kune kutiza, kwaakadana kuti Nirvana. Paakaenda, baba vake naamai vokurera vakachema zvisinganyaradzi pamusana pechisarudzo ichi. Siddhartha akararama semuchinda kusvikira ava nemakore makumi maviri nemapfumbamwe muKapilavastu kusvikira aita chiitiko chezviitiko zvina, kwaakaona kuti kuburikidza nehupfumi uye zvinhu zvenyama hazvisi izvo zvaaida muupenyu hwake.

Chiitiko chekusangana vana chakaitika rimwe zuva paakabva kumuzinda wake kuti aone kuti vanhu vacho vairarama sei, uye ari munzira akasangana nemurume akwegura kwazvo, murume airwara, chitunha uye munhu anozvinyima. Kusangana uku kunomupinza mukuora mwoyo kukuru, saka aida kukunda kuchembera, kurwara nerufu, kuita munhu anozvinyima moyo.

Akabuda akatasva bhiza ndokutanga kuva nehupenyu hwekupemha. Sekureva kwevanyori venhoroondo, akatanga kufungisisa neyoga naTenzi Arada Kalama, gare gare akaenda naTenzi Udaka Ramaputa, waakazove nematunhu ekuziva aakadaidza kuti nharaunda yekusakwana kana kusaona.

tsika dzechiBuddha

Kubva pane idzi dzidziso dzose aigara asina kugutsikana uye akaenda kune dzimwe nzvimbo kunotsvaga ruzivo rutsva, muhupenyu hwekuzvinyima, kudya zvishoma zvekudya uye kudzora kufema kwake. Ari mukufunga kudaro akaona mufananidzo wababa vake vari mumunda wakarimwa ndokuona vari mufaro. Ikoko anoona kufungisisa kwekufungisisa kwaakadana kuti Dhyana uye akaziva kuti iyi ndiyo nzira yechokwadi yekumuka uye kwete hupenyu hwekuzvinyima hwaairarama.

Saka akafunga kuti pane nzira yepakati, ine mwero, isina kubva kune hedonism kana opulence kuenda kune mortification, akadana iyi nzira yepakati "The Noble Eightfold Path". Husiku hwemwedzi wakazara akagara pasi pemuonde kana kuti Bhodi, apo akati haaizomuka kusvika awana chokwadi, vamwe vaimutevera vakamurasa nekuti vaifunga kuti asiya zvaaitsvaga.

Akapedza mavhiki ari pasi pemuti, akapedza mazuva makumi mana nemapfumbamwe arimo uye akanga atova nemakore makumi matatu nemapfumbamwe, paakasvika kwandinoti kumuka kana kuti Bodi, ndiko kunzwa kwaakaita kuti akanga azvisunungura zvachose. Chiitiko ichi chakaitika mumwedzi wechishanu wekarenda yomwedzi, kubvira ipapo ndipo paakatanga kunzi Buddha kana kuti akamutswa, anogonawo kushandurwa kuti akavhenekerwa.

Mukuwirirana namagwaro ekare zvikuru, apo munhu anova Buddha imhaka yokuti munhu awana zivo huru nhatu: kurangarira upenyu hwekare hwaakanga anahwo, kuva neziso roumwari rinomubvumira kuziva mugumo wekarmic uye nemhaka yokuti akabvisa mundangariro yake zvose. zvinhu zvinokudhakisa. Paanosvika pakumuka kwake anonzwisisa chinokonzera kutambura uye anoziva mapedzirwe ako.

Iyi nzwisiso inozivikanwa sezvokwadi ina dzakaisvonaka, apo dzinozivikanwa nokuziva, mugariro mukurusa worusununguko unozivikanwa zviri nani seNirvana unosvika, uye aiziva kuti vanhu vose vaigona kuusvika. Nokuda kwaBuddha, Nirvana yakanga ichiwana rugare rwendangariro rwakakwana apo munhu akasununguka mukusaziva, makaro, ruvengo uye mumwe mugariro upi noupi wokurwadziwa unotapura ndangariro.

tsika dzechiBuddha

Pashure pokumuka kwake akavamba kuva navadzidzi vaakadzidzisa zivo yake yose kwavari, nokudaro achiumba nzanga yechiBuddha. Kwemamwe makore 45 Buddha akafamba mubani reGanges, pamwe chete nesangha yake, achidzidzisa vanhu vose kubva kune vanotsvaira kusvika kuvakuru, mhondi dzakaita saAngulimala uye kunyange nyama yemunhu Alavaka, aitsigira madzimambo akaita saKosala naMagadha. Makore gare gare kunyange baba vake vakatendeukira kuchiBuddha.

Kupinda kwevakadzi kune kurongeka kwaBuddha, kwakamboita kakurukurirano, sezvo mukadzi wekutanga kuda kutevera sangha aive amai vekurera vaBuddha, Mahaprajapati Gautami, asi akarambwa, iye nevamwe vakadzi vanotevera Buddha munzendo dzake uye dzinopera. kugera bvudzi ravo uye kupfeka hanzu, kusvikira makore mashanu gare gare Buddha abvuma kugadzwa kwemasisita echikadzi, sezvo aifunga kuti varume nevakadzi vanogona kuve nekugona kumwechete kwekusvika pakumuka, kunyangwe ivo vachifanira kutevera 8 mimwe mitemo inonzi gurudharmas.

Mushure memakore makumi maviri ekudzidzisa akakwanisa kuzvigadzirisa kana kuzvisimbisa muSravasti, guta guru reHumambo hweKosala, kwaaizopedza makore ake ekupedzisira, sangha yakaramba ichikura, saka mitemo yaifanira kusimbiswa iyo yakagadzirwa naBuddha pachake. iwaya akanyorwa muPratimoska uye aidzokororwa vhiki mbiri dzoga dzoga nenzanga. MuPratimoskas mirairo yose kana mitemo yakawanda yehutsika inotangwa, mitemo yekutungamira hupenyu mumonastery, inotakura ndiro nenguo.

Buddha akaramba achichembera asi haana kurega kudzidzisa, akange atotanga kurwadziwa nemusana, akatanga kudzosera dzidziso dzake kuvadzidzi vakati wandei, kuti vazorore, asi imwe hama nemudzidzi waainzi Devadatta aida kutora hutungamiriri. yeSangha, kutadza kuita kudaro.anoparadzana nayo pamwe chete neboka revateveri oita hurongwa hwake.

Atova akwegura uye achirwara Buddha anosarudza kuti haakwanisi kusimudzira mutsivi we sangha, asi kuti vose vanofanira kurarama sezvitsuwa zvavo pachavo, kuti ivo vanofanira kuva utiziro hwavo pachavo. Zvichida anofa nechirwere chemoyo kune mesentery yakafanana nevakuru. Mudzidzi wake wekupedzisira muhurongwa hwake aive Subhadda. Mushure mekufa kwake akaremekedzwa nemaruva, mimhanzi uye zvinonhuwira, muviri wake wakapiswa, zvisaririra zvake zvakachengetwa sezvisaririra uye zvakagoverwa kunzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzeIndia.

tsika dzechiBuddha

Kune vanyori vezvakaitika kare uye vanhu vanofarira Buddha, kunzwisisa kwekarma uye kuberekwa patsva zvikamu zvehupenyu pachahwo, Buddha akatsanangura kuti kufa nekuzvarwa patsva (samsara) chikamu cheDukkha uye chinangwa chikuru ndechekusunungura kutenderera. Karma yakanga iri chimiro chechinangwa chepfungwa, apo pfungwa dzose, mazwi uye zviito zvinobva muhutsika hwehutsika, huri hwakanaka kana husina kunaka uye shure kwezvose kune chinangwa.

Chiito chega chega chekarmic chatinacho muhupenyu huno chinokanganisa kuberekwa patsva nenzira yakanaka kana yakaipa, ndicho chikonzero ndinonyora zvakawanda zvezvikonzero zvinotungamirira kumarwadzo nekunakidzwa, izvo zvinogona kuva zvepanyama kana zvakatipoteredza pamwe chete nekarma.

  • Bhudha anodzidzisa chinangwa chikuru chekuti munhuwo zvake anogona kuwana mufaro wenyika.
  • Munhu asina basa anozvibata kuburikidza nehukama hutanhatu: vabereki nevana, vadzidzisi nevadzidzi, murume nemudzimai, shamwari neshamwari, vashandirwi nevashandi, vateveri vechitendero uye vatungamiri vezvitendero.
  • Buddha anodzidzisa kuti kune marudzi maviri omufaro, unooneka muupenyu uye unowanikwa nenhamburiko yenguva dzose, dziviriro, shamwari dzakanaka uye upenyu hwakadzikama; uye mufaro muupenyu hwapashure uhwo hunowanwa kupfurikidza nokutenda, chirango chetsika, mirairo, rupo nouchenjeri.
  • Buddha akataura kuti pakuzvarwa patsva zvakanaka zvaive zvakafanira kurima karma ine hutano kana kusala uye kudzivirira karma isina kunaka kana akusala. Kune karma yakanaka zviito zvitatu zvinofanirwa kuitwa, izvo zvipo, chirango chetsika uye kufungisisa.
  • Kukudziridzwa kwepfungwa kwakakosha kuti uwane nzira yemweya uye maitiro ekufungisisa anofanira kuverengerwa mune izvi.
  • Buddha anodzidzisa kuti munhu anofanira kufungisisa nezvengozi yokuva nemafaro enyama, sezvo aya ari mavambo erwisano muvanhu.
  • Mufaro unogona kuwanikwa kunze kwemafaro enyama uye nekufarira mufarwa wepamusoro wemweya.
  • Dhyana ndiko kufungisisa kwakakosha mudzidziso dzaBuddha, patinodzidzisa nedhyana zvese zvinofungwa zvinogona kubviswa kuti zviwane iyo yakakwana mamiriro ekuenzana uye kuziva.

Anonzi Buddha sezvo izvi zvichireva uyo akamutswa. Akakwanisa kufamba mubani rose reGanges, achipa dzidziso dzake uye achiumba nzanga yake itsva umo varume nevakadzi vaigona kubatanidzwa, vazhinji vavo vakava mamongi nepo vamwe vachirarama sevanhuwo zvavo.

Mudzidziso dzake aitsvaka nzvimbo yepakati pakati pekunakidzwa kwenyama nekuzvinyima. Mukutsvaga nzira yake yemweya mamwe maitiro ehutsika nekufungisisa uye kudzidziswa kwaifanira kuitwa uye aigara achipesana nemaitiro evapristi ekuuraya mhuka kuti vaite zvibayiro. Dzidziso dzake dzese dzakaunganidzwa paakafa, kusanganisira hurukuro dzake kana maSutras nemamongi makodhi kana Vinayas, zvino zvakaparidzirwa kuburikidza nemitauro yePracrite, uye yakapararira muIndia.

Mhando dzeRites dzeBuddhism

Zvinozivikanwa kuti chiBhudha chakazvarirwa muIndia pakati pezana remakore rechitanhatu nerechina BC, uye chakapararira kumativi akawanda eAsia, zvokuti nhasi ndicho chitendero chechina chine vateveri vakawanda pasi rose. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti inenge 7 muzana yevagari vepasi vanoita chiBuddha, ndiko kuti, tiri kutaura nezvemamiriyoni mazana mashanu evanhu.

Kupfuura chitendero, uzivi hwehupenyu, sezvo ichikwanisa kusvika kune husina simba hwevanhu, kuti vagogona kuvakunda uye kuva vakasimba kuburikidza nekufungisisa, kuti vasvike huchenjeri hukuru. Iine nhevedzano yemirau iyo munhu wese anofanira kuita uye nekutevera kuti mweya wake uve wakachena, uchitevera zviitwa zvemweya zvinoita kuti vazive, vagamuchire uye vachinje zvikanganiso zvavo.

Tsika dzese dzeBuddhism dzinoitirwa kusimudzira nzira yekuziva kugona kwemunhu wega wega uye kuti vanosvika kuhuchenjeri. Nokuda kweizvi vanofanira kukwanisa kusvika kuNirvana, inova nzira yokusunungura nayo zvishuvo, kuwana ruzivo rwomunhu oga uye kuwana kuberekwazve. Buddhism yakakamurwa kuita matavi anotevera:

  • Theravada: Iyo inonziwo Chikoro cheVakuru, yakatanga muSri Lanka uye ndeimwe yematavi anonyanya kuchengetedza maererano nedzidziso kana Dhamma uye monastic discipline. Dzidziso yake inotarisana neNikayas zviri mukati mePali Canon.
  • Mahayana: Iyo inonziwo Nzira huru, bazi iri rinonyanya kuvhurika sezvarinotambira mamwe magwaro nedzidziso sezvo risiri pakati kana kuomarara.
  • vajrayana: yakafanana nekuwedzera kweiyo yapfuura, mairi kushandiswa uye maitiro emhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzinodaidzwa kuti Upaya dzinoitwa, dziri maitiro esotericism, mantras, dharanis, mudras, mandalas, nezvimwe.

tsika dzechiBuddha

Mune rimwe nerimwe rematavi maitiro anogona kunge akasiyana, sezvo mumwe nomumwe wavo ane zviratidzo zvakasiyana uye zvitendero pamusoro pekuti tsika imwe neimwe inofanira kuitwa sei. Zvitendero zvavo zvakavakirwa padzidziso dzose dzaBuddha, uyo kunyange zvazvo asingarangarirwi samwari, ndiye munhu mukuru anonamatwa navaBuddha vose, mamongi uye vanhuwo zvavo, uye uyo mapoka ose anonamatira kwaari. Buddhism inotarisa pazvinhu zvitatu zvakakosha:

kuzvipira: izvi zvinomiririra kupfuura chero chinhu chipi nechipi kuzvipira kuti uve wepamusoro, kuzviita munhu anofanira kunge ane kuzvipira, kudarika uye pamusoro pezvose rudo. Yokutanga inoreva chokwadi chokuti munhu wacho anofanira kugara achifunga nezvekuzvipira kwake kuzvishandura mumweya kuburikidza nebasa rezuva nezuva, iro rinofanira kuva rakasimba, rakachengeteka uye rakasununguka.

Transcendence inoreva maitiro anofanirwa kutorwa kuhupenyu uye mukushandurwa kwezvinokosha kuti zvienderere mberi uye kuwana muono wakakura wepasi rose pane zvinonetsa zvezuva nezuva uye kukwanisa kuzviendesa kune zvese zvemagariro, zvematongerwo enyika uye. zvakatipoteredza.

Chinhu chechitatu chinova rudo, chinofunga kuti ichi ndicho chinobatanidza kuzvipira uye kudarika, zviri kuburikidza nerudo kuti zororo rinogona kunzwika mukutarisana nekutambudzika, saka kuzvipira kunofanira kuitwa nerudo sezvo kuchikurudzira maitiro uye kunosimbisa nzira. umo mwoyo unovhurika uye nzira yeBodhisattva kana Buddha inotanga.

Kufungisisa: nekuita tsika yekufungisisa iwe unogona kusvika kune chinangwa chekutora ruzivo uye kuva nekufungisisa mupfungwa, pano kufungisisa kunoitwa kuti uwane huchenjeri uye simba repfungwa.

tsika dzechiBuddha

Kuedza: Panguva ino ndezvekuita zviitiko uye tsika dziripo muBuddhism, uye kuve chikamu chechimwe nechimwe chazvo nenzira inoshingaira yekuzadzisa zvaunoda.

Nokuva nemazuva akawanda anoonekwa seanokosha mukati megore, miitiro ichagara ichipembererwa iyo inowanzofara uye uko vanhu vose vanoenda kutemberi dzomunzvimbomo, vaBuddha vakawanda vanoshandisa karenda yeLunar pamitambo yavo, ndicho chikonzero nei vachisiyana munyika nenyika, maJapan kazhinji. shandisa karenda rezuva.

Buddhist Religious Rites

Izvozvi zvinorongwa kupfurikidza nemibato kana kuti zviito zvakasiana-siana izvo vaBuddha vanofanira kuita, izvo zvakavakirwa pazvitendero zvavo nechitendero. Buddhism inonakidza nekuti yakapfuma mutsika dzayo, inobvumira vateveri vayo vese kuti vazvione nesimba kuti vakwanise kuzadzisa chinangwa chavo, chinova huchenjeri.

Buddhism haizviratidzi sechitendero asi sehuzivi hunongoda kuwana utera hwemunhu uye kumusimbisa nekuita kufungisisa uye kutsvaga huchenjeri hwepamusoro. Kuburikidza nemafungiro aya vane mitemo yakawanda nemitambo inobvumira munhu kuti achenese mweya wake, atevere nzira yeBuddhist yekucheneswa pamweya uye kujekeswa, iyo nekufamba kwenguva inobvumira kuti vose vanzwisise nenzira yakananga uye yega. izvo vanhu vanoita uye vagowana shanduko yavo yakazara.

tsika dzechiBuddha

Miitiro yose inotsvaka chinangwa chimwe chete uye ndechokuti munhu anosvika pakunzwisisa kwekugona kwavo kusvika kuuchenjeri, ndicho chikonzero ivo vanotsvaka kuzadzisa kusunungurwa kwezvishuvo, kuwana ruzivo rwemunhu uye kuberekwa patsva, kuitira kuti vawane Nirvana. Mukati meiyi miitiro inokosha tinogona kuwana:

genuflections

Ndiyo nzira iyo munhu anoremekedza nayo nokunamata nayo, itsika inoitwa namamongi naavo vose vanoshandisa chiBuddha kukudza Buddha, inogona kuitwa nenzira mbiri:

  • Yokutanga iri kuita kufora, umo munhu wacho anofanira kumira uye kuita kudzokorora kwe "On Mani Padme Hum", inova mantra yepasi rose, kuita kudaro maoko akaiswa pamwe chete pachipfuva chechipfuva, anosimudzwa kuti aaise. pamusoro pemusoro wobva watora nhanho kuenda mberi. Zvadaro maoko anoderedzwa kune chiso, imwe nhanho mberi inotorwa, zvino tinounza maoko kuchipfuva uye danho rechitatu rinotorwa. Gare gare tinoparadzanisa maoko uye tinorerekera muviri pasi uye pamabvi edu tinotanga kuwedzera muviri wose kusvikira huma yedu yabata pasi, kufamba uku kunodzokororwa kakawanda.
  • Nzira yechipiri ndeyekuwaridza muviri pameti pasi, mukati memonastery kana nzvimbo tsvene, uye kuita mafambiro ekufamba asi munzvimbo imwechete. Ichi chimiro chechipiri chinoitwa neavo vanoita chitsidzo, avo vanokumbira kudzivirirwa, mufaro kana kubvisa kumwe kutambura. Netsika iyi mweya unogona kukudziridzwa nekuita zviuru gumi zvekuremekedza apo muviri unobata pasi uye tsoka dzisina makumbo dzinochengetwa, sechiratidzo chekuremekedza.

Gumbo remunamato

Inozivikanwa zviri nani sevhiri remunamato, icylinder iri paaxis, yakagadzirwa nematanda nemhangura, sevhiri rengoro, kunze ine mantra yeOm Mani Padme Hum, uye mukati mayo mune nzvimbo. bepa nemimwe minamato kana mantras.

Iri vhiri rinotenderedzwa uye izvi zvine kukosha kukuru kubva ipapo iwe unofanirwa kudzokorora minamato kana mantras. Iyo yakanyanya kutendeuka, iyo yakawanda nguva minamato inofanirwa kudzokororwa, izvi zvinovatendera kuti vave nehungwaru hwakawanda uye mukuita iyo karma inocheneswa. Mumatemberi echiBuddha unogona kuwana mavhiri eminamato mazhinji, kune mamwe ane zviuru zvawo.

tsika dzechiBuddha

mitero yemoto

Ivo vanozivikanwa seJoma, Jomam kana Javan, uye itsika dzinoitwa dzakatenderedza boka revanhu uye moto wakatsaurwa unopihwa. Izvi zvinobva pakuita zvibayiro zvemoto, itsika yezviuru zvemakore iyo mune mamwe matavi ndiyo inonyanya kukosha. Kana iyi rite yaitwa, iyo inoenderana Sutras inofanirwa kudzokororwa.

kusunungurwa kwemhuka

Izvi zvinoitwa munzvimbo dziri pedyo netembere dzechiBhudha dzeTibet uye mhuka dzinoburitswa maYaks nehwai. Vanogona kufamba vakasununguka, mushure mekunge vakashongedzwa neshinda dzakasiyana-siyana dzesirika dzinobva pamatatu kusvika kune mashanu mavara akasiyana, pamwe chete nemarabhoni emachira matsvuku.

Zvinopiwa sezvipo kumifananidzo yaBuddha neGomo rinoyera, pasina kukuvadza nzvimbo, hapana munhu anogona kukuvadzwa kana kuti kuita zvibayiro, sezvo mhuka dzinofanira kufa nomuzvarirwo.

matombo enzungu

Aya ndiwo nhevedzano yematombo akaturikidzana mumirwi pasina kurongeka kana chimiro, sezvaanoiswa mumahombekombe emigwagwa, nzizi kana mumadhorobha nemisha. Tinogona kuzviwana munzvimbo dzinoyera uye mumigwagwa yeTibet, uko matombo akavezwa neSutras dzakasiyana.

Tsika ndeyekuti kana muBhudha kana murapi achipfuura, vanofanirwa kusiya ibwe mumurwi ndokuti Sutra. Itsika yave ichiitwa kwezviuru zvemakore, saka kwatova nemirwi yematombo ari madziro, uye tinoawana ari pedyo zvikuru nemamongi uye mutsoka dzevanhu mumakomo. Inonyanya kuzivikanwa yekuwedzera kwayo iJiana rusvingo, iyo yatova mamita mana kureba, mamita 4 kureba uye anopfuura 300 yakafara, unogona kuiwana muguta reXinzhai Village muTibetan Prefecture yeYushu (kuChina).

tsika dzechiBuddha

bhiza remhepo

Mumutauro wavo vanozivikanwa saLung Ta uye iwo mireza yeminamato, varapi veBuddhism vanoidana iyo chiratidzo chemagumo emunhu uye zvinhu zvishanu zvechisikigo. Zita rayo rinobva kumhepo uye bhiza, iyo ndiyo nzira iyo zvisikwa zvinoshanda semotokari. Bhiza rinogona kutakura zvese zvinobatika uye zvinhu, uye mhepo ndeye ethereal, saka minamato inoitwa inotakurwa nemhepo.

Mireza inogadzirwa muchimiro cherectangle, ingave pamucheka kana bepa uye yakarongwa mumapoka uye nemavara, iyo inodudzira cosmogony yeTibet, inogona kuve nenhamba dzakadai semhuka inomiririra yezvishanu zvinhu: simbi, huni, mvura, moto nenyika. Izvi zvine kurongeka kubva kuruboshwe kuenda kurudyi uye neimwe nzira yekuzviisa:

  • Ruvara rwebhuruu runodyidzana uye runofananidzira denga nenzvimbo
  • Ruvara ruchena runofananidzira mhepo nemhepo
  • Ruvara rutsvuku rwuri moto
  • Ruvara rwegirinhi rwuri mvura
  • Ruvara rweyero runomiririra nyika.

Dzinofanirwa kusungirirwa mumutsara we diagonal kubva panzvimbo yepamusoro-soro kusvika pasi uye dzakasungirirwa pakati pezvinhu zviviri. Vanogona kuonekwa mutemberi, stupas, makomo anopfuura uye mumamongi.

tsika dzechiBuddha

Mo

Iyi tsika ndeyekuita kubvunza kuburikidza nekushandisa dhayisi, munhu anovakanda kana mudzidzisi anofanira kutanga aita kudanwa kumwari wake wekudzidzisa (uyo angave ngirozi yake inomuchengeta yevaKatorike) uye anokanda dhai reTibetan, zvichienderana nezvakabuda, dudziro dzinoitwa dzinenge dziri mhinduro kumibvunzo inenge iine munhu ari kubvunzwa.

Izvi zvinoumbwa nedayisi mbiri uye dhiyabhorosi yeTibetan inoratidzika semandala, mairi mune zviratidzo zvisere, apo dice inobvumirwa kuwira. Nhamba inobuda inotorwa kune syllable yeTibetan diagram uye chiratidzo chayo.

anotendeukira kurudyi

Iyi tsika yeBuddhism inoitwa nevanhu kuitira kuti varware, vadzivise njodzi kana njodzi kuti zvisaitike, uye navowo hunhu hunoitwa nekuunganidzwa. Inoitwa mumamongi, uye inoumbwa nemafambiro akati wandei anoitwa panguva imwe chete. Munhu wacho anofanira kudzokorora sutras paanenge achitenderedza mavhiri emunamato uye achitenderera chifananidzo, nguva dzose munzira yewachi, ndiko kuti, kurudyi.

Kucheneswa pamwe Yamantaka

Nezita rekuti Yamantaka, Buddha anozivikanwa semukundi werufu, uyo anogona kubvisa uye kubvisa chero chinhu chinorwadza. Tsika iyi inoitwa neLama anodaidza Buddha uye anoita tsika yekuchenesa simba kuburikidza nekushandisa minhenga yepikoko nemuriwo unozivikanwa seKusha. Mukuchenesa, kushandiswa kunoitwa nezvinhu zvina: mvura, mhepo, pasi nemoto, inotanga nekuchenesa muromo uye ipapo munda wesimba, kuisa chisimbiso uye kushumirawo kuva nekudzivirirwa mune ramangwana.

Iyi tsika yave yakajairika kushandiswa sezvo vanhu vachikwanisa kubuda muzvirwere zvemuviri uye kunyange zvekuora mwoyo, izvo zvakasimbiswa.

Christening

Izvo zvinoitirwa kuchenesa uye kuchenesa pfungwa, uye ivo vanoitwa kakawanda senge monk inoda kudzidza nhanho nyowani yesoteric chakavanzika. Zvinosiyana zvichienderana nemudzidzisi anoita rubhabhatidzo, anozivikanwa zvikuru ndiye panoonekwa mandala, akabata bhodhoro muruoko. Pakuita izvi munhu anofanira kuona kana kufungidzira shato ina dzichizadza mabhodhoro mana nemvura inobva mumuromo, yozodirwa mumusoro wemudzidzi. Naye kunodiwa kuti vakabhabhatidzwa vave nesimba rechiBuddha uye kuti pfungwa dzavo dzicheneswe.

Kusungwa

Netsika iyi zvinokwanisika kunzwisisa Buddhism, asi chero kusangana uye hukama nenyika yekunze hunofanira kubviswa, mushandi weBuddhism anofanira kudzokorora mantras, izvi zvinoitwa mumatanho anosiyana nekufamba kwenguva, mamwe anogona kuve mazuva asi kune mamwe. izvo zvinotora makore, uye mukati mayo haugone kusiya mamongi. Nechiito ichi munhu anorimwa, anowana kunzwisisa kukuru uye huchenjeri, asi haaiti kamwe chete muhupenyu asi kakawanda.

tsika dzechiBuddha

Iyi tsika ndeimwe yeavo vari chikamu cheesoteric chakavanzika cheBuddhism, kana murapi akazvivharira pachezvake haachasangana nemunhu chero upi zvake, chikafu chinounzwa kumusuwo webako, nemuchengeti wenzvimbo yakavharirwa, uyo. inofanira kungwarira kune mushandi nguva dzose.

lasuosuo

Iri ishoko rinoshandiswa nevaTibetan pavanopfuura nemumakomo kana mumipata inoyera, zvarinoreva kuti Mwari vakunda. Kushandiswa kwaro kunobva kunhaka yakasiiwa kubva kare neavo vaipa zvibayiro kune ava vamwari. Zvegomo nevehondo.

Moyo Sutra Puja

Iyi tsika inotsvaga kuwana maropafadzo evaBuddha, itsika yakasimba uye yakareba inopfuura awa. Mariri, mimhanzi inoera inofanira kuimbwa uye zvigubhu zvinoridzwa, uchinamata uye uchidzokorora mantra yeMoyo Sutra.

Iyi mantra kana Mwoyo Sutra inonziwo Essence yeUchenjeri Sutra, uye yakanyorwa muchitendero chechiBhudha, inoshandiswa muchikoro cheMahayana, ine mavhesi gumi nemana ari mumutauro weSanskrit kana Shlokas, uye inofanira kusanganisira A mantra. iyo inodzokororwa muzvikoro zvese zveMahayana, inonzi Devanagari, yakanyorwa seizvi:

गते गते पारगते पारसंगते बोधि स्वाहा

Zvazvinoreva kuenda kumusoro, kumuka, ngazvive zvakadaro.

tsika dzechiBuddha

kutamba kwechitendero

Kubva panguva dzekare, hunyanzvi: mimhanzi, kutamba uye mitambo yemitambo yakashanda kufambisa tsika, kuiparadzira uye kuchengetedza tsika nechitendero chiri chipenyu kubva kuchizvarwa kuenda kune chimwe chizvarwa.

Mudzimba zhinji dzemamongi dzinowanwa muTibet, madhanzi egamuchidzanwa anoitwa, ayo anoitwa pamazuva anokosha uye ane ukoshi hukuru nokuda kwechiBuddha. Vanotaura nyaya dzaBuddha, maBodhisattva kana kuti vanhu vatsvene, zvikomborero zvenzvimbo, zvezuva kana kuti zvegore, zvokuchenesa nokubvisa simba rekarmic.

Pakupera kwegore mazhinji emitambo yechitendero iyi inoitwa, mudzimba dzemamongi nemumaguta, mamongi anowanzo pfeka nekupfeka masiki mukuremekedza maYaks anoonekwa sevanamwari, uye votevera parade yavo yakatenderedza imba yemamongi. Nadzo vanobvisa kana kudzinga mweya yakaipa iyo gore rinopera rasara kuti rinotevera rigamuchirwe ratocheneswa uye rakachena.

Khaw Pansa uye Ok Pansa

Iyi tsika inobva kuThailand uye yeavo vanoshandisa Theravada Buddhism, mairi mamongi anoita kudzoka kwemweya kwemwedzi mitatu, mumwaka wekunaya (Chikunguru kusvika Gumiguru), inozivikanwa seWassa mumutauro wePali kana Pansa Sanskrit. Mamongi anofanira kuchengetwa mumusha wemamongi uye panguva iyoyo vanoita kufungisisa kuti vakure pamweya nekuita zvidzidzo zvenguva dzose. Khae Pansá zvinoreva kutanga kwekudzokera shure, uye Ok Pansá zvinoreva kupera kwekudzokera.

Iyi tsika yekare kwazvo, inotendwa kuti inobva panguva yaigara Buddha, yakagamuchirwa nevanozvikudza veIndia, ndiko kuti, avo vanhu vakatama kubva kumafaro ehupenyu, vanogara mukurega uye vanongorarama kubva kune zvipo zvaanopihwa nevanhu, nzendo idzi dzakatanga mumwaka wekunaya kwemvura zhinji.

Pilgrimage

Irwo rwendo rwunoitwa kugomo rinoyera uye kushanya kunoitwa kumativi ese egungwa, kunoitwa kukumbira kuchengetedzwa, huchenjeri uye simba rakawanda, sezvo makomo nenzvimbo dzinoyera dzinoita kuti vawane mamwe makodzero.

tsika dzechiBuddha

Machechi uye Tsika dzeBuddhism

Buddhism itsika yakapfuma mutsika dzechitendero nemhemberero, vamwe vanobva kutsika dzekare uye pamwe navo vanotsvaga kuwana uye kuona zvavanotenda, kuwana huchenjeri uye kunzwisisa kukuru kweBuddhism.

Initiation Ritual

Iyi tsika inotsamira pachikoro cheBuddhism icho mutendi ari kwacho, chinozivikanwa ndicho chinoitwa mumatanho maviri kana nhanho. Yokutanga ndiyo nhanho yePabbajja, inotanga apo mutendi ane makore 8, mwana anoendeswa kumamongi pazuva rinoratidzwa nehoroscope kuti aite kutanga. Ikoko mamongi anomugamuchira uye achamupa zvishongo zvitatu zvechitendero chechiBhudha:

  • Buddha, munhu akajekerwa waunofanira kuziva semudzidzisi wako
  • Dharma kana dzidziso uye kunzwisisa kweizvo Buddha akadzidzisa
  • Sangha kana nharaunda yeBuddhist kwairi kuzobatanidzwa.

Gare gare anokururwa zvipfeko zvake ndokupiwa jasi reyero, musoro wake unoveurwa chose chose, uye nzvimbo dzake dzose dzinopiwa mamongi echiBuddha: zvipfeko zvitatu, bhandi, tsono, badza, sefa, feni. nendiro yekugamuchira zvipo.

Vanokudzidzisa mitemo mishanu mikuru yehunhu hwechiBuddha, inova chikamu chehupenyu hwako uye iyo yaunofanira kutevedzera kune iyo tsamba nebasa rakakura:

  1. Havafaniri kutora kana kuparadza rudzi rwose rwomunhu kana rwemhuka.
  2. Havafaniri kutora zvinhu zvevamwe vanhu, kureva kuti, havafaniri kuba, kubiridzira kana kuita chitsotsi.
  3. Vanofanira kudzivisa kusazvibata kunokuvadza ivo kana kuti vamwe.
  4. Havafaniri kureva nhema, kuchera, makuhwa, kupika.
  5. Havagone kushandisa chero mhando yezvinodhaka, kunyangwe zviri pamutemo, kana doro kana kofi.

tsika dzechiBuddha

Danho rechipiri kana chikamu chinodaidzwa kuti Upasampada, uye chinotanga panopera Pabbajja, umo mumongi mukuru wechiBhudha anogadzwa uyo anofanira kumudzidzisa zvirevo zvese izvo mutanga anofanira kuremekedza. Saizvozvowo, zvinhu zvose zvinodzidziswa kuitira kuti vawane uchenjeri, tsitsi uye kuchengeteka mune zvavanotenda. Vasati vasvitsa makore 20, vanofanira kupwiswa kuti vapfuurire uye ipapo ndipo apo tsika yokumutumidza kuti mumongi inoitwa.

Iyo inozivikanwawo seRite yeChod, ichokwadi tsika yesoteric uye yakajairwa yeTibetan Buddhism, asi chakavanzika chakachengetedzwa pakati patenzi nemudzidzi.

tsika yerufu

MuBuddhism, rufu inhano inokosha kuti mweya usvike nirvana, iyi nzira hairwadzi kana kuti yakaipa. MuBuddha anofunga kuti nzira yakanakisisa yokufa ndeyokuti munhu wacho anoziva zvichazoitika kwaari, uye ndosaka vanhu vepedyo zvikuru vachidiwa, iyi inhanho yokutanga upenyu hutsva pedyo nenirvana.

Rufu runoshandurwa kuva chimwe chinhu chiri chikamu chekufamba kwehupenyu uye chisingafaniri kutyiwa, sezvo kusiri magumo emugwagwa asi maitiro echisikigo, anowanikwa pasi rose uye asingagoni kudziviswa, mutsika iyi.Hazvina kunaka. kuona kuti vanhu vanochema kana kuchema.

Ndiko kupfurikidza norufu umo upenyu hutsva hunogona kutanga, uhwo huchava nedzokororo dzakawanda kutozosvikira Nirvana yawanwa. Muchiitiko ichi, munhu anenge atokwanisa kudzidza uye kuva neuchenjeri hwakakwana mumweya wake kuti akwanise kuona chokwadi, chiri chaicho. KuNirvana hakuna tsananguro yakakwana yokuti chii sezvo yakaoma kunzwisisa sokuoma kwazvakaita kunzwisisa chokwadi.

Tsika yorufu kana kuti tsika yamariro echiBuddha inotanga netsika yokupfuura, iyo inoumbwa nokurava Bar-do'i-thos-grol, bhuku ravakafa, inoitwa apo munhu anenge ava kuda kufa kana kuti achangobva kufa. . Paunenge uchiita kuverenga, iwe unopiwa makiyi ekutungamira eBardo, iyo isiri chinhu chinopfuura nhanho yepakati pakati pehupenyu huviri, panguva iyi mariro anoitwa anotora mazuva makumi mana nemapfumbamwe uye uko mhuri neshamwari vanokupa chikafu nezvinwiwa. zvipo kumweya wemufi.

Kazhinji, mitumbi inopiswa, asi pane zviitiko umo inovigwa mumvura kana kungosiya muviri muzvisikwa kuti uparare zvoga. Mushure memazuva makumi mana nemapfumbamwe ekuvigwa, tsika dzemariro dzinotanga nekugadzikwa kwemutumbi muformalin, kuitira kuti ugone kupedza mazuva manomwe uri mumba mawaigara, usati waenderera mberi nekuupisa. Danho iri rinonzi Gnan Sop.

Bhokisi rinofanirwa kunge riine mufananidzo wemufi, makenduru uye avo vanoenda kumariro vanofanira kupfeka hembe chena kana rima. Apo mazuva akagadzwa anopfuura, Buddha anonamatwa uye jira rinoiswa pachiso chomushakabvu, ipapo mutumbi unoiswa mubhokisi kuti umuke.

tsika dzechiBuddha

Mhemberero dzakawanda dzisati dzaitwa, imba yemufi inofanira kuramba yakashama kuitira kuti veukama vasangane. Mamongi anoimba pazvizhinji zvemhemberero idzi. Senzira yekukudza mufi, murume anosarudzwa kuita mumongi kana mukadzi kuti ave mai murungu. Murume akasarudzwa anofanira kuveura musoro wake uye anofanira kupfeka nguo dzetsika, asi mukadzi akasarudzwa anofanira kupfeka nguo chena, haafaniri kutaura kana kubata varume kuti arambe akachena.

Vanhu ava vanofanira kunge vari kuseri kwebhokisi uye muruoko vakatakura shinda chena inova nzira inofanira kuteverwa navahosi vemushakabvu. Vhiki yapiswa kana kupiswa, imwe mhemberero inoitwa mukukudza mufi uye mazuva 49 gare gare kuoneka kwekupedzisira kunoitwa. Kwapera gore pashure porufu, mumwe mutambo unoitwa uye ipapo pamakore echitatu okuyeuka rufu, ndipo panopera nguva yokuchema.

Kune madhorobha anoita mhemberero gore negore kwemakore manomwe uye mamwe ayo anoitwa makore manomwe oga oga kwemakore makumi mana nemapfumbamwe. Mukati megore rokutanga rorufu, hapana mutezo womumhuri unofanira kutora rutivi mumhemberero umo vachava nemhemberero kana kuti mafaro.

Mitambo yeBuddhism yegore idzva

Mugore idzva, iro munyika dzakawanda ndiro rokutanga raJanuary wegore rimwe nerimwe, munyika dzeAsia rakasiyana maererano netsika netsika uyewo nemhaka yezvavanotenda. Kune vaTibetan tsika iyi inonzi Losar uye inoitwa pakati paJanuary naFebruary, asi chinhu chinokosha hachisi zuva ripi rinoitwa, asi kuti mutambo wacho uchaitwa sei uye kuti ndezvipi tsika dzichaitwa mairi.

Mapato acho anoitwa mumhuri, uye naizvozvo tsika yacho inogona kusiyana, nokuda kwechikonzero ichocho vanobatwa vari voga uye avo vari pedyo navo, kushanyira temberi kunoitwa, zvipo zvinopiwa uye mamwe mhemberero dzechitendero dzinoitwa. Imwe yemitambo iyi inodaidzwa kuti Hondo yeMvura inoitika mumigwagwa, vanhu vose vanotota nemvura ine mavara akasiyana-siyana kuti vazvichenese nekuzvinatsa pazvivi zvavo.

Yese mifananidzo yeBuddha inofanirwa kucheneswa, ingave iri mumamongi kana mudzimba, inogezwa nemvura uye essences kuitira kuti rombo rakanaka risvike mugore rinouya. Imwe yetsika idzi ndeyekutora jecha kuita zvidimbu zvidiki kana mumaoko kumamongi, ichi ndicho chiratidzo chetsvina yavaive nayo mutsoka mugore rapera.

Aya mashoma akavezwa pane akaturikidzana stupas uye mireza yemavara inoiswawo sekushongedza. MaBuddha emamongi anofanirawo kutakurwa achifora kuenda kuguta riri pedyo, kuitira kuti vanhu vamwase mvura pamusoro pavo.

tsika dzechiBuddha

Iyo Nyi-Shu-Gu uye iyo Losar

Kune vaTibetan, mhemberero dzeGore Idzva dzine zvikamu zviviri zvakasiyana, asi zvine hukama zvachose, chimwe ndechekuvhara kwegore rakapera kubvisa zvakaipa zvese zvaive mavari, uye kuti gore rinotevera rinogona kutangwa neimwe nzira. .nzira itsva uye mukuwanda.

Iyo Losar chikamu chetsika yekuti gore idzva risvike.Zvinoreva kuti gore uye Sar nyowani, tinowanawo Nyi-Shu rinova zuva rekupedzisira regore rapera.

Nyi-Shu-Gu

Inonzi zuva remakumi maviri nemapfumbamwe, uye pazuva rino kucheneswa kwedzimba uye muviri kunoitwa kuti kubvise kusava nehanya, zvipingamupinyi, zvose zvisina kuchena, kusagadzikana uye zvirwere zvinowanikwa mavari. Pazuva rino nhevedzano yemitambo inoitwa kupemberera gore idzva riri kuuya, zuva risati ratanga gore idzva, kuchenesa uye kucheneswa kunofanira kuitwa.

Dzimba dzinofanirwa kucheneswa zvachose, ipapo munhu anogeza uye kugeza bvudzi rake, munhu wese anofanira kuzvitarisira uye kuchena kugamuchira gore. Mushure mekuchenesa, vanogona kufara, kudya Guthuk uye tsika inoitwa kuti ibudise mweya yakaipa uye zvakaipa zviri mudzimba.

The Guthuk

Iyo soup yenoodle inozivikanwawo seThukpa Bhatuk, inoperekedzwa nezvakasiyana zvinongedzo uye yakakosha zvinonhuwira kuti zvidyiwe pahusiku hweNyi-shu-gu. Iyo noodles idiki uye yakaumbwa negomba, iyo inogadzirwa nemaoko, zvimwe zvinoshandiswa ndezvi: Labu kana Asian radish, yakaomeswa cheese, chilies, peas.

Kuti ive Guthuk, chimwe chinhu chakakosha chinofanira kuiswa mundiro yega yega, sebhora remukanyiwa rine chimwe chinhu chakakosha mukati maro, sechinhu kana bepa rine mazita kana mufananidzo. Dumpling iri ngarive hombe kuitira kuti rive rakasiyana nesadza kana Bhatsa, kudzivirira kuridya nekukanganisa nezviri mukati.

Zvinhu izvi zviri mukati mezvimedu zvinoiswa nemaune kutamba joke pamunhu arikushandirwa, ndosaka misa yega yega ine chimwe chinhu mukati. Zvimwe zvezvinhu izvi kana kudhirowa kwakanaka semakushe kutaridza mutsa, kana zimbe remazimbe kuudza munhu kuti moyo wake mutema. Zvinhu zvinoshanduka zvichienderana neimba yazvinogadzirwa, dunhu razvinogadzirwa uye kunyangwe zvichienderana negore.

Rite rinoitwa kuti ribvise kusava nehanya rinoshanda nenzira yakadai kubvisa mweya yakaipa uye simba rakaipa kwete kubva kuvanhu chete asiwo kubva mudzimba, tsika iyi inozivikanwa seLue uye Trilue. Chekutanga chazvo chifananidzo chidiki chemurume chinogadzirwa neTsampa (gorosi yakakangwa, bhari kana mupunga) nemvura netii. Uyu ndiwo mumiriri wezvaunoda kuva nazvo mumba.

Trilue inoumbwa nezvidimbu zviviri zvakagadzirwa nechinhu chimwe chete, uye inopiwa kumunhu mumwe nomumwe akakokwa kuti adye kuitira kuti zvirwere zvibviswe, tsika dzose dzinoitwa muto weGuthuk usati wabikwa uye unochengetwa.

Mabhora ehupfu nenhamba dzacho anogadzirwa oiswa mundiro hombe isingachashandiswi sezvo ichifanira kuraswa mushure mehusiku ihwohwo, inochengeterwa uye ichiunzwa mushure mekunge Guthuk yashandiswa kuvhura mabhora, munhu wese anofanira kusiya zvishoma zveguthuk kuti ubatanidze zvakasara zve dumplings.

Pakupera kwekudya, zvidimbu zve lue uye trilue zvinopiwa kune vanhu vakagara vachidya, izvo zvinofanirwa kudzvinyirirwa kuitira kuti chimiro chemaoko chigadzikane pahupfu. Iyo trilue inozokwizwa panhengo yemuviri inenge ichirwara kana kupera simba uye zvinoshuvira kuti hutano hubviswe mumuviri. Pavanenge vachiita izvi vanofanira kutaura mazwi akadai:

  • Lo chik dawa chu-nyi, Shama sum-gya-druk-chu, Gewang parchey thamchey dokpa sho!

Izvi zvinoturikira kuti mwedzi gumi nembiri ine gore, mazuva mazana matatu nemakumi matanhatu, kune zvakaipa uye zvipingamupinyi, enda. Zuva iroro muusiku kunogona kuva nemufaro uye kusuruvara, kusvikira dumplings yakazarurwa, asi chido chikuru chezvose ndechokuti gore idzva harina chirwere nemarwadzo.

Zvimedu zvezvimedu zvehupfu kubva kune trilue zvinowedzerwa kune lue, uye izvi zvose zvinotorwa pamwe chete nemamwe muto mundiro imwe chete, kune avo vanovhenekera kenduru, kunyange zvazvo isina kuitwa munzvimbo dzose. Matochi ehuswa anowanzobatidzwawo kuti atenderere nemba achiti nenzwi guru "Thonsho ma!" kureva Buda, kuti masimba akaipa nemweya yakaipa zviende. Mudzimba zhinji vanoita minamato nemunamato vachifamba mumakamuri emba nemwenje.

Mushure mekuita kutenderera kwemba, tora ndiro netochi uye uzvisiye mumharadzano iri pedyo, usina kutarisa kumba. Iyi tsika ndiyo inonyanya kuitwa muTibetan Buddhism. Mushure mokutora zvose zvakasara kubva kumba, zvinofungidzirwa kuti mweya yakaipa inoisiya uye ipapo hapana nzira yekudzokera kumba, saka vane hutano hwakanaka uye hwakachena musha uye vanogona kugamuchira gore idzva mumamiriro ezvinhu akanaka.

The Losar

Mhemberero iyi ndeyekukunda kwezvakanaka pane zvakaipa uye izuva rakakosha muBuddhism. Usati wapemberera, makeke, zvingwa, michero yakawanda uye zvihwitsi zvinoiswa paatari yemhuri yega yega, iyo yakashongedzerwa chiitiko neDergas kana makiki, chang inova chinwiwa chebhari, loboe gwenzi regorosi rakadyarwa mugirazi uye uta ndiko kunoenda mhodzi dzebhari dzine hupfu.

Mhemberero iyi ndeyekukunda kwezvakanaka pane zvakaipa uye izuva rakakosha muBuddhism. Usati wapemberera, makeke, zvingwa, michero yakawanda uye zvihwitsi zvinoiswa paatari yemhuri yega yega, iyo yakashongedzerwa chiitiko neDergas kana makiki, chang inova chinwiwa chebhari, loboe gwenzi regorosi rakadyarwa mugirazi uye uta ndiko kunoenda mhodzi dzebhari dzine hupfu.

Aritari iyi inofanira kugara yakadaro kwemavhiki maviri kuitira kuti budiriro ipinde mumba mugore idzva iri. Mazuva matatu ekutanga ndiwo akanyanya kukosha maitirwo aya maitiro:

Zuva rokutanga: Chankol inogadzirwa, Koenden chinwiwa chinogadzirwa nechaanga nenzira yedoro reTibetan, Khapse inogadzirwawo, dri butter, rudzi rwebhota rakagadzirwa nemukaka wemukadzi Yak, shuga yenzimbe, churras (chizi yakaoma yakagadzirwa ne. mukaka wedri kana mukadzi Yak, mvura nemazai.

Madonati anonzi Karsai, zvikafu zvakasiyana nenguruve, Tibetan yak nemakwai zvakakangwawo, zvipiriso zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoitirwa vanamwari uye chikafu chinoiswa mumidziyo kana ndiro dzemapuranga dzakapendwa nemavara akasiyana kana Qemar. Mhemberero idzi dzine mhuri, asi kushanya kweshamwari nevavakidzani kunogamuchirwa kuti vawane mvura yegore kubva murwizi.

Mvura inopinzwa mudzimba, inoiswa paatari, rusenzi inobatidzwa uye marambi ebhota anobatidzwa, minamato yorugare inoitwa mugore, vana vanosungirwa kupfeka mbatya itsva, uye kukwazisana kweGore Idzva. kana kuti Tashi Delek kuti ape zvikomborero. uye rombo rakanaka.

Zuva repiri: Anozivikanwa saGyalpo Losar kana Losar Rey, nhasi misangano inoitwa yeDalai Lama uye vatungamiri vemunharaunda vakasiyana-siyana muSamsara neNirvana Hall of Excellence.

Zuva rechitatu: inonzi inodzivirira Losar, kushanyirwa kunoitwa kumamongi, kuita zvipiriso kumaatari uye kune zvisikwa zvekudzivirirwa kweDharma, mireza yekunamatira uye mabhiza emhepo anoiswa. Kubva nhasi ndipo vanhu nemamongi vanoita mhemberero dzeLosar.

Miitiro yeBuddhism yekubudirira

Kune vanhu vanotevera chitendero chechiBuddha, zvakajairika kuti vanogara vachiita tsika nemitambo, sezvo vakasiiwa kwavari kubvira kare.

Nokuda kwebudiriro nepfuma vanewo nhevedzano yetsika, chinowanzova chokuisa Buddha yendarama kana kuti Money Buddha, iyo ine mufananidzo waBuddha ane ingot yendarama muruoko rumwe uye bhegi rendarama mune rumwe. kukwanisa kupa uye kugamuchira, kukwezva simba idzva rinofambisa mari nehupfumi mumunhu.

Mari Buddha Ritual

Mune iyi tsika, Buddha weMari anoiswa mumba, akananga kuruboshwe uye mupunga, michero nemari zvinopihwa kwairi kukwezva kuwanda, ipapo nhevedzano yeminamato inoitwa.

minamato yekubudirira

KuvaBhudha, kudzokorora munyengetero uyu kunoita kuti munhu azvifungidzire somunhu akabudirira ane zvinhu zvakawanda, vamwe vachipa mipiro kuna Buddha kunze kwedzimba, kuitira kuti kuwanda kugovane.

"Ah Buddha ane simba uye mukuru!, nhasi unouya kwandiri, nekuda kwesimba renyu guru, kuti rombo rakanaka, uye iwe unobvisa zvipingamupinyi zvose zvinouya kwandiri, ndinoziva kuti iwe uchandibatsira mune zvose zvandinokumbira. pamusoro penyu, zvamuchandiona, kuti muchandidzivirira nokundipa pfuma, muzita raMwari, nokuda kwokunaka kwake kukuru netsitsi dzake. Mukuru weBuddha mweya wekumusoro nekuchena, tumira kuvhenekerwa kwako kubva kune isingaperi chadenga, kwaunogara, ndapota tipe zvatinokumbira uye kuvhenekera nzira yedu.

Mimwe misiyano inogona kuwanikwa kubva mumunamato uyu, uyo unoshandiswawo kukumbira hupfumi. Mufananidzo weBuddha unofanirwa kuiswa uchifunga nezvemusuwo wekupinda weimba, isa tafura kumashure kuruboshwe uye nekuitenderedza vamiriri vezvinhu zvishanu vanoiswa:

  • Moto: unogona kuisa kenduru yakabatidzwa uye rusenzi tsvimbo, kana yakagadzirwa nesandalwood zviri nani.
  • Pasi: Unogona kuisa dombo requartz remhando ipi neipi.
  • Metal: isa matatu eChinese macoin akasungwa nerubhoni dzvuku, iwe unofanirwa kuisa mari yese ine yang side kumusoro, unogona kuzviziva nekuti iro divi rine mavara mana echiChinese.
  • Mvura: isa girazi remvura kana kapu, izvi zvinofanirwa kuchinjwa zuva nezuva, iyo inoshandurwa hairasirwe asi inogona kutorwa kana kuiswa mutangi rehove kana tsime.
  • Huni: isa chimedu cheChinese bamboo kana ruva.

Uyezve, munofanira kuisa mukombe nemupunga uye imwe nezvimedu zviviri zvechingwa, izvi zvinongoiswa zuva rimwe chete sechipo, uye zuva rinotevera vanopararira kunze kweimba kuti kuwanda kugovane, iwewo une. sarudzo yekudya uye nezvimwe kana hutano hwako husina kunaka.

Paunenge uine zvese zvakaunganidzwa nezvinhu zvishanu nezvipo, ita zvikumbiro zvaunoda, uchinyora pabepa dzvuku, izvi zvinogona kuitwa uchitevera uyu muenzaniso:

"Ndinotenda ne (kunyora zvinhu zvese zvakanaka zvawakagamuchira uye zvaunoda), zvese zvakandinakira, izvo kana chimwe chinhu chiri nani chandinotarisira kugamuchira pamberi (taura zuva). Ndatenda, Baba".

Ipapo iwe unofanirwa kusaina ichi chikumbiro, iyi tsika inogona kuitwa nevamwe vanhu vari mumba, pabepa rako uye machira anofanira kuiswa pasi petsoka dzechifananidzo chaBuddha.

Kuseka Buddha Ritual

Bhudha anonyemwerera, anozivikanwa zviri nani saBuddha akakora, anoshandiswa kumutsa budiriro, pamwe chete nomufarwa, sezvo mufaro uchikwezva mufaro mukuru. Ichi chifananidzo chinoshandiswa mudzimba, mabhizimisi uye kunyange mumahofisi, sezvo chiri chifananidzo chakanaka kwazvo, uyewo kuva chinonyanya kuzivikanwa uye chinonyanya kufarirwa naBuddha sezvo ichikwezva rombo rakanaka.

Netsika yatichakupa iwe, une maitiro maviri ekuzviita mumwedzi mumwe chete, kana kune mwedzi mutsva kana kana kune mwedzi wakazara. Chikonzero chekuzviita ndechekuti kubudirira kunoitwa, pamwe nehutano uye rudo, chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti iwe unosarudza zvaunoda panguva iyoyo kuti zviitwe, uye nekudaro zvinoenderana nezvaunoda iwe unofanirwa kuve uine essences. uye makenduru ekurudyi.

  • Prosperidad: Kana izvi zviri izvo zvaunoda zvakanyanya, saka iwe unofanirwa kuve uine essences ye tangerine, sinamoni nekokonati, makenduru achashandiswa orenji kana yero.
  • Utano: kana iri ndiro dingindira rako rekutanga unofanirwa kushandisa eucalyptus, ndimu, mint kana pine essences uye shandisa girinhi kana chena makenduru.
  • Amor: munyaya iyi unofanira kushandisa essences yekinamoni, maruva e-orange, cloves, jasmine kana roses uye makenduru matsvuku kana epinki anofanira kushandiswa.

Ndezvipi zvinhu zvaunofanira kuva nazvo pakuita tsika: mufananidzo waBuddha anonyemwerera, makenduru matatu, uye essences akakodzera pane zvaunoda kusimudzira, kana uine zvese, mirira mwedzi mutsva kana kuzara uye nyora tsamba pa bepa rekutenda kune zvese zvaunoda kukwezva muhupenyu hwako, kana zviri zverudo, nyora kuti ndeupi mudiwa waunoda, kana iri budiriro, ratidza kuti unoda kuve wakawanda sei uye nguva yaunofanirwa kuve nayo. Kana uri munhu ane hutano, ipa kutenda nekuda kwehutano hwako hwakanaka uye nesimba rakanaka raunaro zuva nezuva.

Chinhu chekuchengeta mupfungwa ndechekuti iyi ingori mienzaniso yezvaunogona kukumbira, mutsamba yako unokumbira chero chaunoda as long zviri zvinhu zvakanaka. Kana wapedza kuinyora, zora makenduru nedumbu raBhudha nechinhu chawakasarudza, batidza makenduru, tenda Bhudha nezvese wopisa tsamba, madota anofanira kutorwa ovigwa mupoto kana mubindu uye rega zvese. makenduru anodzima zvachose. Iwe unogona kuita iyi tsika mwedzi wega wega kana pese paunoda kukumbira chimwe chinhu.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O5Q123T5nNc

Mitambo yeBuddhism

Nekuda kwetsika zhinji idzo Buddhism inadzo, ivo sezviri pachena vane nhamba huru yezororo rekupemberera kana kurangarira, mazhinji acho anokatyamadza, uye azere nezvakavanzika uye zvinooneka kukwezva. Mumwe nemumwe wavo ane tsika yakasiyana, pakati pavo pane Buddhist New Year, Magha Puja, Pii Mai kana Lunar New Year kupemberera, Vesak, Ewk Phansas, uye Khao Phansas, mhemberero yeAsala, pakati pevamwe.

gore idzva rechiBuddha

Isu takambotaura nezvazvo, inozivikanwa seLosar uye zvichienderana nenyika kune munhu, kupemberera kwayo kunoitwa nemazuva akasiyana, izvi zvinoitwa pakati pekupera kwaNdira kusvika kutanga kwaFebruary, kunotanga kupembererwa rimwe zuva. pamberi pegore idzva nemitambo yemitambo uye kazhinji inopedza vhiki mbiri.

Vesak kana Buddha Day

Izuva rinonyanya kukosha kune vaBuddha uye avo vanoita chitendero ichi, inofanira kuitwa kana kune mwedzi wakazara mumwedzi waMay. Inopemberera nhambo nhatu dzinokosha dzaBuddha: zuva rake rokuzvarwa, kuvhenekerwa kwake uye rufu rwaSiddharta Gautama (Buddha), sezvo zvose zvakaitika pamwedzi wakakwana.

Mapazi ese echiBhudha anoipemberera uye rave zororo repasi rose kubvira 1950, iro rinosarudzwa neWorld Fellowship of Buddhist, muzororo rino kuzvipira kuchengetedza hupenyu hwakareruka uye hwakanaka kunovandudzwa, mukuenderera mberi nekuvandudza pfungwa. tsika yemutsa, rudo, kuwana rugare uye kuwirirana kwevanhu vese.

Zuva reMagha Puja

Ndechokupemberera mharidzo yokutanga iyo Buddha akapa pamberi pevadzidzi vake vane 1200 XNUMX, apo ndipo paanozivisa nheyo dzechiBuddha nokutangwa kwacho sorudzidziso, mukuwedzera kukugadza nharidzano yake yokupedzisira, iri yokusvika Nirvana. Iyi mhemberero yakakosha, uye inoitika pazuva remwedzi wemwedzi wechitatu wemwedzi, uye inotsvaka kuchenesa pfungwa, kuita zvakanaka uye kudzivisa kuwira muchivi. Izororo munyika dzakaita seThailand, Laos, neCambodia, uye munyika dzese dzeSoutheast Asia. MuTibet inonzi Chotrul Duchen festival.

uposatha

Iyo yakakosha yeBuddhism uye inoitwa paine mwedzi wakakwana, saka panogona kuve nemhemberero dzakati wandei mumwedzi wemwedzi, Uposatha zvinoreva zuva rekutsanya. Mamongi echiBuddha anotsanya nenzira inotevera: vanodya kubva pakubuda kwezuva kusvikira masikati, vozodya chinhu chose kusvikira zuva rinotevera. Vese vanhu vakarara nemamongi vanofanirwa kunzwa kuti kuzvipira kwavo kunokura uye zvakare kuti vanofanirwa kuita kuvandudzwa kwetsika yeDhamma.

kathina

Mutambo uyu unoitwa pakupera kwekudzokera kwemamongi eKhaw Pansá neOk Pansá, kuitika kwayo mushure memwedzi wakazara waGumiguru uye inoitwa kwemazuva makumi matatu, mairi mamongi echiBuddha anoongwa uye zvipo nemipiro zvinoitwa. zvembatya nechikafu izvo zvinoendeswa kumatemberi akasiyana-siyana emunharaunda nevanhuwo zvavo vemamwe marudzi.

Songkran

Iri bato reThai New Year, rinoitika pakati paApril 13 ne15 yegore rega rega, zvarinoreva inhanho yekuongorora nyeredzi, inoratidza kuti inguva yekuchinja kwakawanda. Mhemberero dzinoitwa uye hondo yechinyakare yemvura inopembererwa mumigwagwa, inokandwa kwemazuva matatu akatevedzana, mhuri dzinounganawo uye zvisungo zvemhuri nezvisungo zvinovandudzwa, vakweguru vanokudzwa kuburikidza nemitambo yetsika dzakasiyana-siyana uye tsika dzekare. Zvizhinji zvadzo zvinoenderana ne:

  • Chenesa, chenesa uye shongedza temberi.
  • Ita zvipo uye zvipo kumamongi echiBhudha.
  • Kuita mhemberero kuratidza ruremekedzo kuna Buddha uye kuita anonhuwirira mvura kuzodza.
  • Isa mvura mumaoko evakwegura kuratidza ruremekedzo nokuonga.

Loy Krathong

Uyu ndiwo mutambo weMharidzo dzeTsime Rinoyerera, unoitwa pamwedzi wakazara waMbudzi uye unogara zvichienderana nenzvimbo inoitirwa mutambo, kana paine mazuva akati wandei ekupemberera, pahusiku hwekutanga kupemberera kunoitwa kuti. mwaka wemvura wakapera uye unoitwa mukukudza Mae Khongkha, mwarikadzi wechiHindu wemvura.

Mhemberero yaro ndeyemadzitateguru mutsika yebrahmana, kubva ipapo inoenda kumhemberero dzechiBuddha dzechinyakare, asi zvikoro zvakawanda zvinoti kupemberera uku kunoitwa kuratidza ruremekedzo uye kunamata kune Sacred Footprint yaBuddha, inowanikwa kumahombekombe erwizi rweNammadhammahantee. .

Kune avo vanotora chikamu mumutambo, itsika yekuunza zvinonhuwira, makapu ane mashizha, mari, mapepa akawanda ane mavara, makenduru, uye zvose zvinoiswa mumabhasikiti akagadzirwa nemashizha emiti yemabhanana, anonzi Krathong. Zvadaro izvi zvinoiswa mumvura kuita mupiro uye zvose zvakanaka zvakagamuchirwa zvinoongwa, zvinokumbirwa kudzinga rombo rakanaka uye kuunza rombo rakanaka.

Zviuru zvemakrathongs zvinogona kuonekwa zvichiyangarara murwizi nemakenduru akabatidzwa mukati, aya ari kuita semufananidzo wenyoka yechiedza inofamba mumvura, muchiedza chemwedzi wakazara, kutamba kunoitwa, mimhanzi inoridzwa, maparade. panoitwa, mafirework anotangwa uye zvokudya zveko zvinogadzirwa.

Mutambo Wenzou

Jaipur iguta riri mudunhu reRajasthan muIndia, apo mutambo weHoli unoitwa mumwedzi waKurume. Nzou chimiro chiripo mune dzakawanda ngano, uye inosanganiswa nehumambo, vamwari uye chimiro chaBuddha. Mariri pari panoitwa parade nenzou dzakapendwa, machira emavara akasiyana anoiswa paari, muvelvet ine embroidery nezvishongo zvakawanda, kumashure kwavo kune vamwe vanotamba vanofanira kutamba nesimba guru, vachiteverwa nemabhiza, ngoro, ngamera, pfuti uye. palanquins.

Mitambo yechinyakare yakaita sekudhonzana nenzou dzimwe chete pamwe neye polo inotambwawo. Uyu mutambo wakatsaurirwa kune nzou, saka pamagumo inosarudzwa kuti ndeipi iri nani yakashongedzwa. Iwe unogona zvakare kuona iyo Gaj Shringar, uko kune kuratidzwa kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvine chekuita nenzou, zvishongo zvakawanda, machira anonzi Jhoo, maHowdahs ari macheya akaiswa kumisana yavo, ngoro dzakasiyana-siyana, mifananidzo yakawanda, zvakare. semishonga uye chikafu.

Kunyange zvazvo mutambo uyu uchiitwa mukuremekedzwa kwadzo, mabatirwo anoitwa nzou ave achikurukurwa nezvawo zvikuru, sezvo mifananidzo yakawanda inoiswa padziri ichikuvadza ganda radzo, kunze kwokuti dzinomanikidzwa kuita mabasa neshoo. uko vasingabatwe neruremekedzo uye kururamisira, saka nzanga zhinji dzekuchengetedza mhuka dzakaita zvirevo maererano neizvi.

esala perahera

Mutambo uyu wakakura kwazvo muSri Lanka, unoitwa pakati paChikunguru naNyamavhuvhu pese paunosangana nemwedzi wakakwana wechirimo, unoitwa kweanenge mavhiki maviri kana zvakadaro, chinonyanya kuzivikanwa ndecheguta reKandy kwaunogona kuona. mufaro wakawanda, mimhanzi uye ruvara. Chinhu chikuru chemhemberero iyi zino raBuddha. Sezororo renyika remubatanidzwa wemhemberero mbiri dzekare:

  • Mutambo wekukunda kwaMwari Indra pamusoro peVrita, dhimoni uye kukumbira kwemvura inonaya apo ino ndiyo nguva yakaoma.
  • Midungwe inoitwa mukukudza Temberi yeZino raBuddha, iyo inoremekedzwa zvikuru muSri Lanka uye uko chisaririra chinochengetwa, icho chinogara chiri muusungwa hwemamongi, mukati memuchengetedzo wakagadzirwa nendarama nematombo akawanda anokosha .

Mumatemberi umo mhemberero inoitika, unogona kuona kuratidzwa kwakaisvonaka uko mimhanzi yengoma inovaperekedza, pamwe chete nemafakirs, mabhendi emimhanzi uye nzou dzakawanda dzine zvipfeko zvakanaka zvekushongedza. Pakutanga kwekufora kunofanira kuenda nzou Maligawa, iyo inotakura reliquary nezino raBuddha.

Pazuva rechitanhatu remhemberero usiku, mapurisa anonzi Randoli Perahera anoitwa, uko palanquins yaitakura vahosi munguva dzekare inorangarirwa. Mukupedzisira kwemafambiro, anoitika pazuva, kuvharwa kwemhemberero kunoitwa nekucheka kwemvura muRwizi rwaMahaweli kunze kweguta reKandy.

Iyi tsika inotarisira vaKapuralas, vane mutoro mutemberi uye ndivo vanocheka mvura nesaber yakagadzirwa negoridhe uye vanodzokorora minyengetero. Vakawanda vanotora mvura mumakapu akasiyana-siyana kuti vaende nayo kutemberi, kwavanogara kusvikira mutambo wegore rinotevera wavamba.

O-Bon

O-bon itsika inobva kuJapan uye inogara ichiitwa zvichienderana nekarenda yemwedzi, pakati paNyamavhuvhu, kana karenda rezuva, iro riri muna Chikunguru, kupemberera kwayo ndekwemazuva matatu akatevedzana. Zvinotendwa kuti izororo chairo rechiBhudha, sezvo paine nyaya apo mudzidzi wekare waBuddha akaona mweya waamai vake uye kuti aderedze kutambudzika kwavo uye avatungamirire munzira yerunyararo, akatevera dzidziso uye akawana kuti mweya waigona kuzorora murugare.

Mhemberero inotsvaga kugamuchira midzimu yose inoda kuunganazve nevadiwa vavo pasi pano uye kuti nguva ino yakazara nemufaro, kuti ine mimhanzi, kutamba, uye kuti hapana kushaya zvokudya kana zvinwiwa. Kukudzwa kunopiwa kumadzitateguru eavo vanopinda mumhemberero, kutamba kweBon-Odori kunoitwa, maatari kana butsadan inofanira kuiswa mudzimba dzose uye marambi anobatidzwa pamagonhi ose eimba iyo inoshanda segwara rekutungamira. midzimu inovashanyira.

Kunyangwe iri yemavambo echiBuddha, zvishoma nezvishoma yakava chikamu chetsika netsika dzechiJapan, saka zvishoma nezvishoma yakaparadzaniswa netsika yechiBuddha. Kwemakore anopfuura 500, tsika iyi yave ichipembererwa, iyo yakadzika midzi kwete muchitendero chete asiwo munyika, umo mamwe mabasa netsika zvakawedzerwa.

Bodhi

Mhemberero iyi inoitwa musi wa8 Zvita wega wega, uye inonzi zuva reKuvhenekerwa kwaSiddartha Gautama kana kuti Buddha. Pazuva iri Buddha akawana kujekerwa kuzere mugore ra589 BC uye ndipo paakava Buddha. Vanowanzonongedzerawo kuzuva rino sokumuka kwaBuddha uye mavambo echiBuddha, chinovamba nepfungwa yokuti vanhu vose vane simba rokusvika Nirvana ndokugumisa kutambura.

Pamberi peBodhi, mamongi anoita zviitiko zvakawanda, kugadzirira zuva iri, vhiki risati raitwa mumamongi madzoro anoitwa, kwavanongogona kurara maawa maviri pazuva uye pahusiku hwekupedzisira hwekudzokera kwavo kurinda kunoitwa, sezvakangoita. Buddha akaita asina kurara.

Tsika dzeBuddhism

Nekuti chiBhudha chinosanganisira mhemberero dzakawanda, mitambo, mitambo, miitiro, uye tsika dzakasiyana zvichienderana nebazi reBuddhism mazvinoitwa, pane misiyano inocherechedzwa mumaitiro avo pakati peumwe neumwe wavo, saka hazvibviri kuzvinyora zvese. Asi kune tsika mbiri dzinoitwa nevatendi vose nevatendi veBuddhism pasi rose:

Kufungisisa: iyo yakakosha kune vese maBhudha sezvo iri tsika yechitendero kazhinji, nayo pfungwa inokudziridzwa, huchenjeri hunogona kuwanikwa uye unodzidza kunzwisisa zviri nani. Vese varapi veBuddhism vanoita tsika iyi kurima, uye kunzwisisa zviri nani zvese zviri muchokwadi chedu, hunhu uye zvakare kuzvisunungura kubva kumarudzi ese ekutambura.

Kufungisisa kunogona kusiyana zvichienderana nechikoro cheBhudha, misiyano iyi iri muhunyanzvi hunoshandiswa kufungisisa uye yave tsika kuburikidza netsika yechiBhudha, saka maererano nehunyanzvi hwavanoshandisa, zvinogona kunzi:

  • Theravada Buddhism: maitiro anoitwa kuti ave nekufambira mberi uye kuti murapi anogona kukwenenzverwa, vanofanirwa kuongorora nyika dzavanopinda nadzo pavanenge vachifungisisa.
  • zen buddhism: Zvinoitwa kuti uwane humwe huchenjeri, asi hunotariswa pakuzvidira uye kushandisa intuition, kuwana kuwirirana kwechisikigo, nehunyambiri uhwu hunodziviswa uye kufungisisa kwakakwana kweZen kunowanikwa.
  • ChiTibetan Buddhism: mune izvi, uremu hwakawanda hunopiwa kune chimiro chekufananidzira uye kusaziva kwepfungwa, maitiro akawanda emitambo anoitwa kuitira kuti pfungwa dzishandurwe.

Kunamata: ndiwo muitiro wechipiri wemateru ose echiBhudha, mazviri kunamatwa kwaBuddha kunotsvakwa mose muri muviri mumaatari edzimba, pamwe chete nomutembere nomudzimba dzemamongi. Pano mantras, minamato inoshandiswa uye mipiro nezvipo zvinofanirwa kuitwa.

Zvitendero zveBuddhism

Zvinotendwa zvechiBuddha zvakavakirwa padzidziso dzose dzaSiddartha Gautama kana kuti Buddha, uyu akanga ari munhu anoshamisa, munhu akawana kushanduka kwake amene ndokuva akavhenekerwa, achiita hwaro hwechiBuddha. Akava murume akachenjera zvikuru akakwanisa kuita shanduko yechokwadi pakunamata kuburikidza nedzidziso dzaaipa. Akatumidza dzidziso dzake sezvokwadi ina dzakanaka:

Duhkha

Chirevo chayo chakafaranuka uye chinogona kubva pakusagutsikana, kuodzwa mwoyo, kutambura, kusagadzikana, kurwadziwa, kuzvidemba, nezvimwe. Saka zvinogona kupfupikiswa kuti ndezvekutambura uye kurwadziwa kwechisiko chapose pose mukuvapo kusingagutsikani. KuvaBhudha zvakakosha kuti vabvume kuti kune kusagutsikana muupenyu uye kuti izvi zvinoita kuti munhu ararame nenzira inovhiringwa, asi kuti ichokwadi, chiripo uye chinogona kukanganisa zvisikwa zvipenyu zvose. Duhkha inovambwa nenzira nhatu: duhkha duhkhata, viparinama duhkhata, uye Sanskara duhkhata.

Samudaya

Yechipiri yechokwadi chakanakisa uye inoreva kuti iyo Dukha yakasimuka sei, ichiona ichi seyakanyanya kukurumidza uye iyo inogona kubatwa. Kuburikidza nayo kunoratidzwa kuti kutambura kunouya nekuda kwezvishuwo, kunzwa kwekusagara uye pamusoro pekusaziva. Kana munhu achitenda kuti mufaro wavo wega uri kunze uye wakabatanidzwa kune zvinhu uye nevanhu, ivo vanozonzwa chishuwo chekuramba vaine uye kuchengetedza zvese kuti varambe vachifara, sezvo ichi chiri chiratidziro chavo chemufaro, icho chinoguma nekushandura Addiction.

Panguva ino kuchinja kunoitika muchokwadi chavo chinokonzera izvo zvakavapoteredza kuti zvichinje uye naizvozvo hupenyu hwomunhu iyeye, sezvo zvinhu zvose zvehupenyu huno zvisingagumi, uye naizvozvo kutambura kunomuka. Munhu wacho anofanira kugara achichinja kuitira kuti upenyu hwake hushandurwe uye kuti arambe achitsvaka asingavhiringiki kune vose vaanoda.

Chimiro chechitatu chokutambura icho Buddha anoratidzira uye icho chiri rutivi rweichi zvokwadi kusaziva, apo kusingazikanwi uye kusinganzwisiswi kuti upenyu humene hunoshanda sei, uchokwadi hwavanhu nemitemo yomusikirwo inohutonga nokuita chinjo, havaiti. bvumira munhu kuti ave nemufaro.

Nirodhaes

Chokwadi ichi chine chekuita nechishuwo chisingaperi, zvese zvatinoshuva, nyota yenguva dzose uye kunamatira kune zvese zvinobatika. Buddha akadzidzisa kuti kutambura kunogona kupera uye kunogona kukurirwa. Kwavari iwe unofanirwa kuve nekutonga kwepfungwa kugumisa kuvhiringidzika uye kurwadziwa, asi kuita uku kunoda: kunzwisisa, kuita uye kufungisisa.

Kupfurikidza nokukwanisa kudzora ndokubvisa chishuvo, tinogona kuwana rugare rwomukati ndokuva nokutsinhirana nenzira yechigarire. Kuva nokupera kwezvishuvo hakurevi kuti kune kudzvinyirirwa kwazvo, sezvo ikoku kuchireva kuti tinofanira kurega zvishuvo, kuzvisunungura timene uye kusiya kubatanidzwa, apo tinozviramba mutoro unorema watinotakura unosunungurwa. Izvi zvinozivikanwa seyekupedzisira chokwadi kana moyo weDharma.

Magaga

Ndiyo zvokwadi yechina uye yokupedzisira yakaisvonaka, iyo inoreva nzira, kana kuti nzira inotitungamirira kugumisa kutambura ndokusvika Nirvana. Inonziwo nzira yepakati, sezvo ichibvumira vanhu kuti vadzivise kunyanyisa kunokonzera kutambura, kunosanganisira kutsvaga mufaro kuburikidza nemafaro enyama uye kunzwa kunyara mumunhu mumwe chete.

KuBuddhism, Nzira Yakapetwa Rusere inofanira kutsvakwa, iyo inotungamirira kukubvisa kutambura, inonzi nzira inoenda kuNirvana uye kune nzira sere dzokuiwana. Chokwadi chechina chakanaka charinotaura ndechekuti kune nzira inotiparadzanisa nekutambura.

Kunyange zvazvo iyi nzira inogona kutsvakwa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana, inonyanya kushandiswa nevaBhudha, kana kuti muzvikoro zvakawanda, ndeiya inodzidziswa naShakyamuni Buddha kana kuti Gautama Buddha. Kuburikidza neiyi nzira yenzira yakapetwa kasere, haisiriyo nzira imwe cheteyo yatinofamba kuti tisiye chimwe nechimwe chenhanho dziri kure kumashure uye kuzadzisa chinangwa chedu chekupedzisira.

Iyi inzira inoshandura yehupenyu uye kunze kweiyo iri kufumisa zvakare sezvo chinangwa chayo chiri chekuti tisvike parwendo rwekupedzisira rwechinangwa chedu. Zvinotora isu kuburikidza nezvinhu zvisere zvinoita kuti zvikwanisike kuti mushandi weBuddhism ashanduke, azvipfumise uye azadzise chinangwa chake chikuru.

Nekudaro, chimwe nechimwe chezvikonzero izvi chakaparadzana, ndiko kuti, ivo vanofanirwa kuvandudzwa panguva imwe chete, sezvo vaine hukama kune mumwe nemumwe. Izvi zvinoita kuti kurimwa kwemumwe nemumwe kubatsire pakurima kwevamwe. Chinangwa chekupedzisira ndechekuti murapi wega wega akure uye akure mukati memitemo mitatu mikuru yeBuddhism:

  • Uchenjeri kana Pañna
  • Mufambiro wetsika kana kuti Sira
  • Chirango chepfungwa kana Samadhi

Kune nyanzvi zhinji dzechitendero ichi nzira iyi ine zvikamu zviviri, chekutanga chiratidzo chinoenderana nedanho rekutanga kana chinhu uye chechipiri ishanduko inosanganisa matanho manomwe asara, zvinhu zvisere izvi zvinogona kupfupikiswa sezvizvi:

  • Samina Ditthi kana Kunzwisisa Kwakarurama: pano zvokwadi ina dzakakwirira dzinosimudzwa, mutemo weCausality uye impermanence.
  • Samma Sankappa kana Kufunga Kwakarurama: zvinoreva kukwanisa kufunga uchishandisa huchenjeri nerudo, pasina kuva nezvisungo, kusanzwa ruvengo, uipi kana kushandisa mhirizhonga, kudzivirira kuva mukusaziva.
  • Samma Vaca kana Mazwi Akarurama: Unofanira kudzivisa kushandisa mutauro usina kufanira, unogona kukuvadza kana kukanganisa. Haufaniri kutaura zvisina kufanira, kusareva nhema, kusachera kana kuchera vamwe. Mazwi anofanira kushandiswa neruremekedzo, azere noushamwari, ane mutsa, anofadza kunzwa, anotapira, anobatsira uye ane chirevo kuitira kuti pave nepundutso nekubudirira.
  • Samma Kammanta kana Right Action: zvinoreva kuita basa rako nemazvo, netsika nerukudzo uye kuti rinoitwawo murunyararo. Usaite kusavimbika kana kuita sekuuraya, kuba kana kuita zvepabonde zvisiri pamutemo.

  • Samma Ajiva kana Hupenyu Hwakanaka: zvinofanirwa kudziviswa kuti mune chero basa rinoitwa kukuvadza kunokonzerwa kune vechitatu mapato, kureva kune zvimwe zvipenyu, cheuviri chaunowana chinofanira kukudzwa uye pasina kushorwa kwechero rudzi.
  • Samma Vayama kana Right Effort: Izvi zvinosanganisira kusava nemafungiro akaipa, uye kuvabvisa kubva mupfungwa, kuita kurima kwemafungiro akanaka uye kuchengeta pfungwa dzinomuka kuti dzikure Dhamma.
  • Samma Sati kana Right Mindfulness: muviri, manzwiro uye manzwiro zvinofanira kutarisirwa, ndezvipi zviitiko zviri mupfungwa uye pfungwa ipi kana pfungwa iripo, pfungwa dzipi dziripo uye zvatinazvo zvakatipoteredza.
  • Samma Samadhi kana Right Concentration: Kuburikidza nechirango ichi matanho mana eDhyana kana kutora anogona kuwanikwa, zvishuwo uye pfungwa dzakaipa zvinogona kusiiwa, runyararo runogona kukudziridzwa uye pfungwa dzine chigadziro chimwe chete. Kuenzana kana kuenzana kwechigarire kunomukawo kuitira kuti manzwiro anonyangarika uye mamiriro ekujekesa mupfungwa anowanikwa.

Neiyi nzira yakapetwa kasere, zvinogona kutaurwa kuti inosanganisira kumisikidza nekuchengetedza chirango chepfungwa, muviri uye kutaura, kuitira kuti zvigone kuteverwa, kudzidzira uye kukudziridzwa muvanhu vese vanoda kuzviita uye vanodawo kuzviita. vave nerusununguko, mufaro.nerunyararo runodikanwa kuti vaenderere mberi nebasa ravo rekuzvisimudzira uye kukudziridza tsika, mweya uye njere.

Neiko kune misiyano muRites of Buddhism?

Takatotaura kuti tsika dzechiBuddha dzinosiyana maererano netsika kana zvikoro, izvi zvinoitika nokuda kwezvikonzero zvakawanda uye chekutanga chazvo imhaka yetsika nemutauro wazvinoitwa. Zvakare nziyo dzacho dzakasiyana maererano nenyika dzechiBhudha dzinozoenderanawo netsika nemutauro wadzinotaurwa.

Zviridzwa, magadzirirwo anoitwa genuflections uye nzira yekugwadama, nzira iyo maChina anofanira kuimba akamira uye vaTibet vakagara, aya maitiro kana shanduko dzinoitwa zvakasiyana mumhemberero. uye tsika dzechiBuddha.

Temberi zvakare dzine dhizaini dzakasiyana, kunze nemukati uye izvi zvinoenderana nenzvimbo uye nyika yavakavakwa, mune zvese unogona kuwana Shakyamuni Buddha chifananidzo pakati payo, asi vanogona zvakare kuve nemamwe maBuddha se Bodhisattvas, Arhats uye vadziviriri veDhrama mukati.

MuTibet mamiriro ekunze kana ari echisikigo anogona kunge akapfava zvekuti vagari veko vanotsvaga matembere aya sezvo akazara nemavara mazhinji uye zvishongo. Tembere dzeJapan dziri mukati menzvimbo yakasiyana-siyana uye izere nekunakidzwa, saka matembere ari nyore kana kungwara, saka ane musiyano mukuru nemasikirwo anoyevedza.

Mafomu ayo matemberi anawo mukati kana kunze kwawo haatevedzeri imwe tsika yechitendero, chero bedzi asingaenderani nedzidziso, panzvimbo iyo miitiro inoonekwa sezvishandiso zvinogona kuita kuti zvive nyore uye kubatsira mukuita kweBuddhism kugadzirisa. kutsika nenzvimbo kwaunogara. Ndicho chikonzero Dharma yechokwadi ichifanira kunzwisiswa seiyo inowanikwa mupfungwa nemumoyo uye kwete izvo zvinoonekwa kana kunzwiwa. Zvose zviri pachena kana zvepamusoro hazvisi chikamu cheDharma.

Mhemberero nemitambo yeBuddhism muVietnam

90% yehuwandu hweVietnam inoumbwa nevanhu vanoita zveBuddhism, iyo ine fusion pakati peTheravada neMahayana Buddhism, kureva, tsika yechiHindu yePure Land neChinese Chan, sezvo tsika dziripo munyika ino. Kune vanhu veVietnamese, chitendero chinokwanisa kubatanidza tsika dzinoverengeka, dzakasanganiswa neanimist, Buddha, Confucian uye Taoist zvitendero.

Vanoita zviratidzo zvokukudza vakwegura, kuzvitendero nemiitiro zvechiBuddha, vanoenda kutembere dzavo pazuva rechi 15 romwedzi womudenga uye kumhemberero dzose dzorudzidziso. Vanopfeka nguo yegrey sechiratidzo chekuti vakatsunga kuita zvechiBuddha. Mazororo akanyanya kukosha kwavari ndeaya anotevera:

vesak

Kwavanopemberera kuzvarwa, kujekerwa uye kufa kwaBuddha, tsika dzavo dzakafanana nedzakaitwa muThailand. VaBuddha vanoungana mutemberi mambakwedza uye vanoremekedza mureza waBuddha, vanoimba nziyo dzokumurumbidza, vanotaura nezvedzidziso dzake kunzanga yose. Zuva iroro vanowanzosunungura zviuru zveshiri uye zvipembenene, sechiratidzo chokuti havasisiri nhapwa uye ndezvekudzivisa rufu kana kukanganisa kwechinhu chipi nechipi chipenyu.

Trung nguyen

Inonziwo Xa toi vong nhan, zvinoreva "kukanganwirwa kwemweya yakarasika", inoitwa mumwedzi waChikunguru, kunyangwe zuva rayo chairo riri Chikunguru 15, asi kubva pazuva rino zvichienda mberi rinogona kuitwa kusvika pakupedzisira. yaJuly. Kwakabva kumutambo wechiBhudha Vu Lan kana Ullambana, kuChina uye chinangwa chayo ndechekuwana ruponeso uye kusunungurwa kwemweya kubva mukutambura kupi zvako uye kunamata mweya yemadzitateguru.

Kune veVietnamese, vachitenda kuti midzimu inogona kuwana kuregererwa kubva mumitsara yavo uye kurangwa kwavo, zvinoenderana neminyengetero yavanoita kuti vadzivise mutongo iwoyo, ndicho chikonzero musi waChikunguru 15 vanoita minamato kuti vadzivise mutongo wegehena.

Mhemberero uye Rite dzeBuddhism muTibet

MuTibet, chiBuddha chakatanga muHimalaya, saka muitiro mukuru ndeweMahayana Buddhism, ine vateveri vanopfuura mamiriyoni makumi maviri. Kune mitambo yakawanda gore rose, kupembererwa kwemazuva ekuzvarwa kweBodhisattva nemamwe mazuva akakodzera ekarenda yavo yechitendero, inoperekedzwa nemitambo yeBuddha. Zvinonyanya kukosha kwavari ndezvi:

Chod Ritual

Iyo esoteric uye yakakosha tsika muTibet, kubvira kare yakave yakavanzika pakati peavo vari kutanga muBuddhism nevadzidzisi vari kufambisa dzidziso, nhasi ichiri kuchengetwa zvakadaro asi zvishoma yakavhurika. Chod zvinoreva kuchekwa kana kupfuura, izvi zvinoreva kuti iyo yoga ine akasiyana maitiro anoshanda kubvisa ego, ndiko kuti, iwe pachako, kubvisa manzwiro ekuparadzaniswa uye udyire semunhu mumwe nemumwe.

Kuti uve tenzi weChod, iwe unofanirwa kuenda kuburikidza neakatevedzana bvunzo, mazhinji acho anosanganisira kufungisisa kunoitwa mumakuva zana, muTibet izvi zvakaitwa kunze uye husiku. Maererano nenhoroondo yeTibet, mamongi aizonyangarika chete kuti awane miviri yavo yakapwanyika mangwanani, sezvavaisangana nemweya yakaipa uye zvipoko zvine nzara yeupenyu.

Kubatanidzwa mumutambo wakadaro chinhu chakanaka kwazvo, kune avo vakakwanisa kuvapo pamitambo iyi paGeshe Larampa Lobsang Yeshi temberi neboka remamongi eNyagre Khangtsen muna 2014. Vanhu vanopfeka masikisi madema apo Tsika inotanga, zvinotsanangurwa kuti zvinoshanda kudzivirira mweya yakaipa kubva kuvanetsa, uyezve, mamongi anofanira kuimba minamato uye kuridza ngoma nekubata chaiko kunokoka hypnotism, zvichiita kuti chiitiko chiwedzere.

Moyo Sutra Puja

Sezvatakatsanangura pakuvamba, ikoku kunoitwa kuti kugamuchire zvikomborero zvaBuddha, mutambo muTibet wakareba zvikuru, inenge awa nehafu, uye ngoma dzinoshandiswa, minyengetero inoitwa uye nziyo dzinoyera. MuTibet vanomudana kuti Sherning Dondub uye mantra yake iGedhi, gedhi Paraghate, Parasamgate, Soham, iyo inoti kupfuura, kupfuura, nguva dzose kupfuura, uye inokumbirwa simba rekusava nechinhu iro vatenzi vazhinji vanogona kusvika naro vane ruzivo rwakadzama.

Idzi dzidziso dziri muTibet dzinoonekwa sedzidziso dzehungwaru uye nazvo vanoda kuchenesa madhimoni ari mupfungwa. Kwavari kune marudzi mana emadhimoni kana maras, akakundwa naBuddha paakafungisisa pasi pemumvuri wemuti weBodhi. Aya madhimoni mana ndiwo:

  • Ihwo hunyengeri hunoita kuti manzwiro nemafungiro asina kunaka.
  • Iyo yerufu inokonzera zvirwere zvinouraya vanhu.
  • Izvo zvezviunganidzwa uye izvo zvevana vezvisikwa zvekudenga, izvo zvine chekuita nezviito zvinotsvaga mafaro uye izvo zvinokuvadza kwete isu chete asi zvimwe zvisikwa zvipenyu.

Aya madhimoni anofanira kudzingwa uye nokuda kwokuti zvipiriso zvakawanda zvinoitwa muchimiro chemakeke, mumativi mana enzvimbo iyo mifananidzo yemhuka dziri zvipiriso zvenhema inofanira kuiswa kuti madhimoni abve. Mumwe anofanirawo kuiswa ane chimiro chemunhu chinomiririra vanhu vanorwara, vanova ndivo vanochengeta madhimoni anonyengerwa kuti vazodzingwa.

Kuti uwane nzira yemweya, madhimoni ose anofanira kudzingwa uye izvi zvinogona kuitwa chete nemunhu mumwe chete, zvinonzi kurwa kwakanyanya, asi kuti kunofanira kuitwa uye kubudirira kuitira kutevera dzimwe tsika dzeBuddhism.

Mutambo Mukuru Wekukurudzira

Kunoitwa pakati paNdira 3 na25 wekarenda yeTibetan uye mitambo yorudzidziso yakasiana-siana nemiitiro yechiBuddha inoitwa, iyo iri mumaoko amalama amamongi makuru matatu; Drepung, Sera naGandan. Iwo anogadzirwa mukati meguta uye vanhu vese vanosangana mairi.

Saka Dawa Party

Zvinoitika pakati paKurume 30 naKubvumbi 15 yekarenda yeTibetan, muguta reLhasa, zviuru zvevanozvipira zvinosvika murwendo rukuru kuenda kuJokhang monastery nePótala Palace. Zvipfungaidzo zvakawanda uye marambi ebhota zvinobatidzwa uye zvipo zvakasiyana-siyana zvinogadzirwa kukumbira dziviriro kubva kunjodzi nenjodzi uye kukumbira rombo rakanaka.

Mutambo weMaruva uye mwenje webhota

Aya anoshandiswa kupemberera kuzvarwa kwaSakyamundi, muvambi weBuddhism. Maruva akakwenenzverwa pamwe chete nemarambi nezvimwe zvinhu zvinogadzirwa nebhota uye ndiko kurangarira kukunda kwaShakyamuni Buddha pamusoro pevadzivisi vake nevavengi, izvo zvakaitika muIndia makore anopfuura 2500 apfuura.

Mhemberero uye tsika dzeBuddhism muThailand

MuThailand, 95 muzana yevagari vemo vaBhudha, vanobva kuchikoro cheTheravada, chiri zvakare muLaos, Burma neCambodia, tsika dzayo dzinonyanya kukosha ndeidzi:

makha bucha

Zororo renyika munyika ino kubva muzana ramakore rechi1250, rakatemerwa naRama IV. Muukuru kukudzwa nokunamata kunobhadharwa kundangariro yomusangano webako reVeluvana raBuddha namamongi XNUMX, avo vakagamuchira kugadzwa kwavo naye ndokugamuchira dzidziso yake yose nedzidziso. Inoitwa pamwedzi wakakwana wemwedzi wechitatu wekarenda yemwedzi, iyo inenge nguva dzose muna February.

Visacha Bucha

Kukudza kuberekwa, kuvhenekerwa uye rufu rwaBuddha, mumwedzi waMay kana kuti June pose panopindirana nemwedzi wakazara womwedzi wechitanhatu womudenga. Zviyeuchidzo zvedzidziso dzaGautama Buddha dzinowanzoitwa kusimbisa kukosha kwemagariro uye pamweya kwevanhu.

asanhabucha

Inoitwa pazuva regumi neshanu remwedzi wechisere, ndiko kuti, pakupera kwaChikunguru, inozivikanwa sezuva reDharma, uye ndiwo mutambo mukuru weThais, vanozviita kupemberera zuva rekutanga. Mharidzo iyo Buddha akapa, mushure mekunge wawana kujekerwa kwako.

Khaw Pansa uye Ok Pansa

Ndiwo muitiro wechiBuddha cheTheravada muThailand yose, uye sezvatakambotaura, inzira yokudzokera yomudzimu iyo mamongi ose anoita, inopedza mwedzi mitatu mumwaka wokunaya kwemvura kubva muna July kusvika October. Mariri vanogadzirira uye vanochengeta kuumbwa kwavo uye kukura kwemweya nekufungisisa uye kudzidza kwakawanda.

Mimwe misoro yaungade kana kufarira ndeiyi inotevera:

Muvambi weBuddhism

The Protective Buddhist Goddess


Iva wekutanga kutaura

Siya yako yekutaura

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