Muchikamu chino tinokukoka iwe kuti udzidze nezve Mitemo yeBuddhism, chitendero chechina munyika yose chine vashandi vakawanda, icho chinosanganisirwa mumiitiro yechitendero neyomudzimu uye chine chinangwa chikuru chokukunda kutambura kwevanhu uye kutenderera kworufu nokuberekwazve. Ndinokukoka iwe kuti uverenge chinyorwa ichi uye udzidze zvakawanda nezveBhudha uzivi!
Mitemo yeBuddhism
Kune vanhu vazhinji, Buddhism yave ichionekwa sechitendero chepasirese, mukuwedzera pakuva dzidziso yehuzivi uye yemweya, iyo isingabvi pakutenda kwemusiki kana Mwari akakwana, nekuti ndeyeiyo inonzi mhuri yedharmic uye izvi ndizvo. inobatanidzwa mumarudzi akasiyana-siyana, zvitendero zvechitendero, uye maitiro emweya izvo zvakasikwa uye zvakadzidziswa naGautama Buddha.
Dzidziso yechiBhudha yakatanga pakati pezana ramakore rechitanhatu nerechina BC. Yakapararira munzvimbo yese yeAsia, asi yakave nekudzikira mukati meMiddle Ages, asi zvakakosha kuburitsa kuti tsika netsika dzechiBhudha zvine basa rekukunda kutambura kana kutambura. chii chinonzi dukkha, uye kugumisa kutenderera kwerufu nekuzvarwa patsva uye inotumidzwa se samsara.
Zvese izvi zvinopihwa, nenzira iyo mudzidzi anofanira kufamba nayo Nirvana inova nzira yerusununguko kana ne buddhahood iyo iri kumuka uye inogara muBuddha kujekeswa.
Muzvikoro zvechiBuddha nzira yerusununguko inodzidziswa asi dudziro inopiwa ine misiyano mizhinji, neiyi nzira chinokosha ndiko kuva manyoro matsvene uko dzidziso nemiitiro zvinogoverwa nakwo mumagwaro echiBuddha akasiana-siana sezvo ari chaiwoiwo uye akatambanuka zvikuru.
MuBuddhism mune matavi makuru maviri anoti Theravada zvinoreva kuti, chikoro chevakuru nerimwe davi rinonzi Mahayana, ndiro Mugwagwa mukuru. Bazi reChikoro cheVakuru ndiro rakanyanya kuSoutheast Asia, muSri Lanka, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar uye muThailand.
Zvichakadaro, rimwe bazi, iro The Great Path, rinoitwa kuMabvazuva kweAsia kondinendi, kusimbisa tsika dzakadai sePure Land, Zen, Nichiren Buddhism, Shingon uye Tiantai. Mune dzimwe nyika dzakaita seMongolia, Himalayas neKalmykia, vadzidzi vanoita zveTibetan Buddhism inova dzidziso dzechiBhudha netsika dzakadzidziswa muVajrayana muIndia kubva muzana ramakore rechisere.
Vashandi veBuddhism vari muchikoro chechiBhudha vanofanira kugoverana tsika netsika dzechiBuddhism, sezvo dzidziso dzehuzivi dzechitendero ichi chechitendero chimwe chete dzakakosha uye zvese zviri mukati zvine hukama, nechinangwa chekuti mushandi wega wega awane muono wakakwana wezvose. dzidziso, sezvo zvakakosha kuti mudzidzi anonangidzirwa pakuziva Dharma.
Asi Dharma izwi rechiSanskrit rinomiririra chitendero, uye zvinoreva kuti mutemo we cosmic kana kurongeka uko vadzidzi kana varapi vari kuziva.
Ndedzipi tsika dzeBuddhism?
Kuvadzidzi nevashandi veBuddhism, vakarangarira chiBuddha sechikamu chetsika, zvitendero, miitiro, mitambo, mhemberero nemitambo. Ndokusaka tsika dzechiBuddha dziri mhemberero dzakasiyana dzinoitwa kupemberera, kurangarira uye kukudza vashandi veBuddhism kuburikidza nedzidziso dzakasiyana nezviito zvinoitirwa Buddha munyika.
Zvakakosha kuziva kuti muzvitendero zvose, ngano uye mafirosofi munyika dzakawanda maitiro, mitambo nemitambo yehutsvene hunoitwa, asi muchitendero cheBuddhism kune nhamba huru yemhemberero dzeBuddha dzakaonekwa sechisinganzwisisiki. uye zvinoshamisa kwazvo, nenzira iyi zvinofungidzirwa sehuzivi hunoshamisa.
Matavi akasiyana eBuddhism
Sezvinotozivikanwa kare, dzidziso yeBuddhism ichabva kuIndia pakati pezana ramakore rechitanhatu nerechina BC, ichipararira mukondinendi yose yeAsia, kunyanya pakati pekumaodzanyemba nekumabvazuva, uye panguva ino ndiyo chitendero chechina. munyika, maererano nenhamba dzinoti zvinomwe kubva muzana zvechiverengero chavagari vapasi vanoshandisa chitendero chechiBuddha sezvo chine varapi vanopfuura mamiriyoni 500.
Buddhism inoonekwa zvakanyanya sehuzivi hwehupenyu kupfuura sechitendero sezvo varapi vaine chinangwa chekukunda kusasimba uye kusasimba izvo vanhu vanazvo uye izvi zvinofanirwa kuzvikunda kuburikidza nekufungisisa uye nekuita nguva dzose mudzidzi anogona kusvika kuhuchenjeri hwepamusoro.
Kuti mudzidzi asvike kuNirvana, anofanira kuwirirana nemitemo netsika dzechiBuddha kuitira kuti achenese mweya wake nohunhu hwake, kupfurikidza nomuitiro wenguva dzose womudzimu unobvumira mudzidzi kuziva zvikanganiso zvake ndokugamuchira nokuzvishandura nokuda kwake. kuvandudzika..
Neiyi nzira miitiro yechiBuddha inonangidzirwa kumudzidzi anozvizivisa amene somunhu ane bviro yakazara yokuwana uchenjeri, nenzira iyi Nirvana inoshandiswa, iyo inodudzwa murudzidziso rwechiBuddha sokusunungurwa kwezvishuvo, kwokuziva kwomunhu oga uye ndangariro. kuberekwa patsva uye izvi zvichawanwa kuburikidza netsika dzakasiyana dzeBuddhism.
Buddhism sezvo chiri chitendero chine vateveri vazhinji munyika uye chakazvarwa kuchamhembe kweIndia makore 2500 Kristu asati auya nekuda kwedzidziso dzaSiddhartha Gautama, uyo anozikanwa nevadzidzi vese saBuddha, kunyangwe ari mufundisi. chitendero chisingatungamirirwi nevamwari kana dzidziso, nepfungwa chete, chine chinangwa chekutungamira vadzidzi kuvhenekerwa kana kusunungurwa kwemweya.
Imwe yedzidziso yakapiwa naBuddha yakanga iri yokuti kuti vawane kujekerwa, vadzidzi vaigona kushandisa nzira ipi neipi sezvo mugumo wakanga uchishanda uye nokuda kweichi chikonzero chiBuddha chakapararira kutozosvikira chavakwa patsika dzakasiana-siana nemiitiro yechiBuddha, pakati pezvinokosha zvikurusa ndezvi:
Theravada Buddhism: Ndiyo imwe yemhando huru dzeBuddhism uye yekare yave iripo nhasi uye inonzi iri padyo neBuddhism. dharma, tsika netsika dzechiBuddha dzinoitwa ndedziya dzinodzidziswa naBuddha, Theravada Buddhism parizvino iri kuitwa zvakanyanya munyika dzeThailand, Laos, Cambodia neMyanmar.
Iyo inonyanya kukosha nharaunda yemamongi yeTheravada Buddhism iShanga inoumbwa nemamongi nemasisita vane chinzvimbo chakaderera uye vane zvishoma zvinhu zvenyama, vanogarawo munzvimbo dzakaoma. Ichitevera nzira yakapetwa sere uye mirairo mishanu, iyi nzanga yemamongi inofamba nemumaguta akasiyana-siyana uye inodzidzisa nharaunda izvo Dharma.
Mamongi ari kudzidzisawo magwaro ePalio Canon uye nzira yekudzidzisa kufungisisa sezvo chiricho chinangwa chavo chikuru uye mupiro kuvanhu, sezvo tsika yenguva dzose yekufungisisa ichakwanisa kubvisa pfungwa dzega uye kuswedera pedyo nenzira ye. kujekerwa kana kuti inonzi Nirvana.
Kunyangwe mamongi achivavarira kusvika kuhupenyu hwakakwana hwemamongi, vatendi vanogona zvakare kudzidzira Theravada Buddhism, nekudaro vane basa rakakosha rekubatsira raramo yemamongi, kuitira kuti vari kutsvaga nzira yehupenyu yekuzvinyima.
Mahayana Buddhism: Rimwe bazi reBuddhism iMahayana, inotsanangurwawo semotokari huru, uye nderimwe remapazi akakosha echiBuddha, asi bazi iri rakapararira kumabvazuva kweIndia uye parizvino rinoitwa zvakanyanya mukondinendi yese yeAsia. , nekudzika kwakawanda muIndia. nyika dzeKorea neChina.
ChiBuddha cheMahayana chakasiana zvikuru nechiBuddha cheTheravada, sezvo panzvimbo pokutevera nzira yokuvhenekerwa, muichi chiBuddha cheMahayana mune chokwadi chokuti Buddha achiri pano nesu uye anogara achititungamirira kuti tisvike pakuvhenekerwa.
MuBuddhism iyi, chinangwa chikuru hachisi chekuwana kujekerwa, asi kuziva kuti tinofanira kubatsira vamwe vanhu murwendo rwavo rwemweya, sezvo tese tichigona kuva maBuddha uye tinoremekedzwa sema bodhisattvas vari vanhu vakakwanisa kusvika. kujekerwa nouchenjeri.
Vanhu ava vakaziva kuti nirvana chii, vanewo chimwe chinhu chakakosha zvikuru itsitsi uye mamwe maitiro anokosha zvikuru kuzadzisa tsika dzeBuddhism dzakadai serupo, tsika, mwoyo murefu, simba, kuisa pfungwa uye huchenjeri. Hunhu hunofanirwa kuve nemudzidzi wese kana munhu anoda kuita zveBuddhism.
Pure Land Buddhism: bazi iri reBuddhism rakava nemavambo muChina, kubva kumuitiro weMahayana Buddhism, parizvino rinoitwa zvakanyanya muChina neJapan, asi rinonangana nekuita kuzvipira kuna Amitabha, Euda yechiedza chisingaperi, kwaanoziva kuti iye. ndiye mutongi weparadhiso Nyika Yakachena.
Chitendero ichi chine mitambo yakawanda yeBuddhism, mukuwedzera kune dzakawanda nzira dzemweya, sezvo vadzidzi vachikwanisa kutiza kutenderera kwerufu uye kuzvarwa patsva kuti vagare pamwe chete naAmitabha muNyika Yakachena uye nekudaro vanokwanisa kuwana kujekeswa, ndinoziva magwaro anotungamirirwa nawo vadzidzi vebazi iri ndiwo mashoko akaitwa muzana remakore rokutanga, ane mazita Iyo Lotus Sutra. Pano zvakataurwa zvinotevera:
"Nzira yechokwadi chete kuzvipira kuna Amitabha"
Tibetan Buddhism: Iri bazi reBuddhism rakavamba muzana ramakore rechinomwe BC, asi vakavasuma maIndia muTibet, kunyange zvazvo bazi iri reBuddhism rakasiyana zvikuru neBuddhism inoitwa kune dzimwe nyika.
Urwu rudzi rwechiBuddha rune hurongwa hwemamongi uye nhamba huru yetsika dzechiBuddha pamwe nemiitiro yechitendero yakawanda yavo, vanoshandisawo mandala akawanda pamwe nekuzvipira kuna guru. Madhayagiramu mazhinji ekufananidzira anoshandiswa kuita tsika yekufungisisa.
Hunhu hwakasarudzika hune maTibetan Buddhism ndehwekuti vane nzira yekugadza maLamas, avo vari vadzidzisi vemweya uye ndivo vanhu vanoremekedzwa zvakanyanya, sezvo zvichifungidzirwa kuti vanhu ava vanga vari vatungamiriri vemweya muhupenyu. kutevedzana kwavo kuburikidza nehupenyu hwekare, huri kuburikidza nekuzvarwa patsva.
Apo lama ava pedyo nomugumo woupenyu hwake, anovamba kupa nhevedzano yamavara ayo achava nawo pamusoro poupenyu hwake mukupfeka muviri kwomunhu kunotevera, uye vateveri pashure peuyu lama vanovamba kutsvaka mwana ane izvi zviratidzo kuti muraire kuti ave lamaa anotevera.
Tantric Buddhism: Iri zita rinobva kune tantras, mukuwedzera aya akave magwaro uye ndicho chishandiso chine simba kwazvo chekutsvaga nyika yeBuddha, sezvo zvichireva kuti zvinokwanisika kuwana hunhu hweBuddha zviri nyore kupfuura mune mamwe matavi eBuddhism, Tsika zhinji, kufungisisa, mandalas uye kunyangwe mashiripiti anosanganisirwa mubazi iri reBuddhism.
MuTantric Buddhism inoitirwa kuyananisa matunhu uye manzwiro evashandi uye izvi zvinoumba hunhu hwaBuddha hwakakosha mune vese vanoita chiTantric Buddhism vanonamata maBuddha mazhinji nemabhodhisattva akadai saBuddha wechiedza chisingaperi uye Amitabha, uye muBuddha wese wavanonamata. inowana hunhu hwekutanga buddha. Tantric Buddhism inoitwa munzvimbo dzinotevera Tibet, India, China, Japan, Nepal, Bhutan neMongolia.
Zen Buddhism: Zen Buddhism nderimwe bazi rinokosha reBuddhism rakapararira muChina asi rakava nekugara kwaro kukuru muzana ramakore rechitanhatu, kuJapan uko kwayakapihwa zita reZen, rakabata zvikuru munyika dzinotevera: China, Vietnam, Korea neTaiwan. .
Zen Buddhism yakanangana nekufungisisa, uye mudzidzi anofanira kutarisisa kusvika pakuvhenekerwa, pamwe nekuziva kukosha kwechiitiko pamusoro pemagwaro anozivikanwa uye nekutenda kuti vanhu vanayo kuti ivo vakafanana ne cosmos uye ivo vachagovana zvese izvo. chirimo.
Kune vadzidzi veZen Buddhism, inobata zvese zvehupenyu hwevadzidzi kubva kune zvenyama, zvenjere uye zvemweya. Semuyenzaniso, muZen Buddhism, kunyora nhetembo kana kugadzira gadheni risingaremekedzi richava chiitiko chinoshamisira muBuddhism. Pakati pezvikoro zvinodzidzisa huzivi hweZen Buddhism pane zvikoro zveRinzai neSoto.
Nichiren Buddhism: Ihwo huzivi hweBuddhism hwaiitwa nemumongi wekuJapan Nichiren, akatanga chikoro cheBuddha nekuti akasundwa nekutenda kukuru musimba remweya reLotus Sutra. Iri bazi reBuddhism rine muunganidzwa wakakura wemitambo yeBuddhism uye dzidziso dzakasiyana-siyana dzinodzokera kuzana ramakore rekutanga AD, uye rinomira rakasiyana nemamwe mapazi eBuddhism.
Mumongi Nichiren aiva nechokwadi chokuti nzira chete yokuwana nayo kujekerwa kwaBuddha yaiva yekudzidza Lotus Sutra. Neiyi nzira akakurudzira vadzidzi kuimba rwiyo "Ndinopotera muLotus Sutra yeMutemo Unoshamisa"
Parizvino muJapan Nichiren Buddhism ichiri kuitwa sezvo kune mafambiro etsika anoramba achiitsigira seimwe yenzira huru dzekuwana mamiriro eBuddha nekuda kwetsika dzeBuddhism nemaitiro anazvo.
Soka Gakkai Buddhism: Yakavambwa muna 1937 nevachinji vaviri verudzi rwechiJapan avo vainzi Sunesaburo Makiguchi naJosei Toda, vakatanga chikoro cheBuddhism chakafemerwawo neruzivo nedzidziso dzemumongi wechiBuddha Nichiren. Mushure mekubva kwaMakiguchi mumuviri muna 1944.
Soka Gakkai Buddhism yakagadziridzwa seboka rechitendero rinonzi Soka Gakkai, kufanana nerimwe bazi reNichiren Buddhism, rinotarisa pamitambo yakasiyana-siyana yeBuddhism uye dzidziso dzakawanda dzaNichiren Buddhism.
Iyo yakatarisana neLotus Sutra uye kuimba kwetsika, parizvino ine vadzidzi vanopfuura mamirioni gumi nemaviri muJapan sechinhu chayo chikuru uye nepasirese sezvo iine kutendeutsa kwakasimba uye nechinangwa.
Triratna Buddhist Community: Musiki mukuru weichi bato rechiBhudha aive mumongi wechiBuddha Sangharakshita, akaberekerwa muEngland uye akatanga Triratna Buddhist Community, iyo yaimbove nezita rekuti. Shamwari dzeWestern Buddhist Order (AOBO).
Ruzivo rwese urwu rwechiBhudha mumongi akawana nekufunda muIndia uye nekutenda kukuru. Paakadzokera kuUnited Kingdom muna 1967, aive nechinangwa chekudzidzisa vamwe nzira yekushandisa ruzivo netsika dzeBuddhism kune vagari vekuMadokero venguva iyoyo.
Kunyangwe vadzidzi vese vakagadzwa uye vachifanira kuita chimwe chinhu, vane simba rekuita sarudzo kuti vararame hupenyu hwekunyika kana hwemamongi. Asi vadzidzi vese vanofanira kuzvipira kutevedzera mitemo yese nemisimboti yehuzivi hwechiBhudha.
Izvi zvinoreva kuti vanofanira kutsvaka hutiziro mumatombo anokosha matatu echiBuddha anoti Buddha, Dhamma neShanga uye chinangwa chavo chikuru ndechokusvika kunyika yaBuddha, uye kutevedzera zvinotendwa netsika dzechiBuddhism chine basa rokuzadzikisa mitemo yose yetsika. , kudzidza uye kuzvipira.
The Triratna Buddhist Community nhasi ine mamiriyoni evateveri munyika yeEurope, North America uye munzvimbo dzakawanda dzeAustralasia.
Miitiro yechitendero chechiBuddha
Zvikoro zvese zvechiBhudha zvine miitiro yechitendero cheBuddha, pamwe chete nemitambo uye mamwe akawanda ezvitendero. Munyika umo uzivi hweBuddha hwakadzika midzi, ivo vanomiririrwa nenhamba yakawanda yemitambo yeBuddhist, pamwe chete nenhevedzano yezviitiko kubva kune nyore kusvika kune yakaoma.
Asi zvakavakirwa pazvitendero zvechiBuddha nevavariro izvo rudzidziso rwechiBuddha rwuri kuronda. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti chitendero cheBhudha chine hupfumi hwakawanda mumitambo yakasiyana-siyana yeBuddhism inobvumira vadzidzi nevatendi kuti vaone nekusimbisa kukuru kwehurumende yavanoda kusvika, iyo inovhenekera, uye nokudaro vanokwanisa kuzadzisa chinangwa chavanoda. muhupenyu hwavo.. Pakati pemitambo mikuru yeBuddhism ndeiyi inotevera:
Genuflections: Inzvimbo iyo varapi vanogamuchira iyo kazhinji kazhinji yakavakirwa pakuremekedza nokunamata, itsika yechiBuddha inoitwa pakunamata Buddha. Iyi tsika inoitwa nenzira mbiri dzakasiyana:
Fomu yekutanga ichaitwa apo murapi kana mumongi wechiBhudha achamira kwechinguva chidiki otaura mazwi anoti “PaMani Padme Hum” sezvo mutsara uyu uchinyatsozivikanwa uye achiisa maoko ake pamwe chete pakukwirira kwechipfuva, mushure meizvi achasimuka pamusoro pemusoro wake uye anofanira kutora nhanho mberi.
Mushure meizvi, anoisa maoko ake pachiso, uye anotanga kufamba, ipapo akaisa maoko ake pachipfuva chake uye anotora danho rechitatu. Ipapo anotambanudza maoko ake ndokukotama akananga pasi, achidzokera kumabvi ake kuti agogona kutambanudza muviri wake wose ndokuuunza pasi. Pakupedzisira anosimuka uye anofanira kudzokorora nhanho dzose idzi.
Nzira yechipiri yekuita genuflections ndeyekutambanudza muviri wese wakarara pasi asi pakapeti, genuflections dzinogara dzichiitwa mumamongi kana chero nzvimbo inoera.
Kunyange zvazvo kufamba kwekutanga kwekufamba kunoshandiswa, asi mune imwe nzvimbo nenzira iyi yekupfugama, inoitwa kuitira kubhadhara kumwe kuzvipira, inoshandiswawo kukumbira kudzivirirwa, kuwana mufaro uye kubvisa kutambura kubva kuvanhu.
Tsika dzechiBuddhism dzinotsanangurwa dzinoshandiswa kuti mumongi kana mutendi akwanise kurima mweya wakasununguka, mumongi anogona kuita huta dzinenge zviuru gumi apo muviri wemudzidzi unokwanisa kusvika pasi uye usina shangu nechinangwa chekuratidza kuti ndinoremekedza. .
Gumbo remunamato: Inopiwawo zita revhiri rekunamatira, rinogadzirwa mumhando yehumburumbira yakasungirirwa pachigadziko chakagadzirwa nematanda nemhangura.
Kunze kwecylinder pakanyorwa mazwi anoera emutsara "PaMani Padme Hum" uye mukati mune nhevedzano yemitsara iyo murapi pachake angave akanyora kuti aite zvaanoda.
Mudzidzi wechitendero cheBhudha, kuitira kuti chinhu ichi chitenderere, anochitora nechepasi uye achichitendeutsa, zvakanyatsonaka kuita kuti chitenderere, kuitira kuti agone kudzokorora minamato kana minamato uye kana chinhu ichi chichitenderera. Mumongi wechiBhudha anozokwanisa kudzokorora kakawanda izvo zvaanoda kuratidza muhupenyu hwake. Izvi zvichabvumirawo mumongi wechiBuddha kuunganidza huchenjeri hwakawanda uye kukwanisa kuchenesa karma yake.
Moto Tributes: inozivikanwawo seJoma, Jomam kana Javan. Itsika dzechiBuddha dzinonangidzirwa pakupisa zvipo nezvipo mumwoto mukuru unoyera kuratidza ruremekedzo.
Inobva pakuita mhemberero nechinangwa chekupisa zvibayiro mumoto unoera, iyi ndeimwe yemitambo yekare uye inoyera yeBuddhism iripo nhasi uye ndeimwe yezvinonyanya kukosha inochengetedzwa sekutenda kwekukosha kukuru. .
Vanotangawo kupisa zvinhu pavanenge vachidzokorora nhevedzano ye sutras inoenderana neicho mumongi wechiBuddha anoda kuratidza.
Kusunungurwa kwemhuka: Inoitwa nemamongi anowanikwa mutembere tsvene dzeTibet uye idzo tsika dzechiBuddha uko kunoburitswa mhuka dzekuveza semakwai nejaki. Mhuka idzi dzakashongedzwa neshinda dzesiririka dzemavara akasiyana, dzine mavara ari pakati pematatu neshanu. Mhuka idzi dzinopihwa kuna Buddha uye kune humwari hwegomo.
Pazvinenge zvapihwa, dzinopihwa pachena munharaunda yese, uye hapana anogona kudzivhima kana kuvharira kuti dzidye, sezvo mhuka idzi dzinofanira kufa nemasikirwo.
Matombo eNzungu: Munyika umo chitendero cheBuddhism chinoshandiswa, zvakajairika kuona muTemberi uye munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzinoyera umo Tibetan Buddhism inoshandiswa, nhamba huru ye slabs kana ceramics apo mutsara we sutras wakavezwa.
Anogona kugara achiwanikwa ari mumirwi asi haana kurairwa uye haana chimiro chakakosha, sezvo zvimedu zvema slabs kana maceramic akaiswa akapararira pamahombekombe emigwagwa inoenda kumatemberi echiBhudha kana mamongi uye mumakomo. iyo inoshandiswa kufungisisa uye kukwanisa kusvika pakuvhenekerwa kwaBuddha.
Chinhu chakakosha pamusoro pemitambo yeBuddhism ndechekuti madziro makuru edombo renzungu ane zita rekuti. jiana uye ine urefu hwemamita mana uye inosvika mazana matatu emamita kureba uye makumi masere paupamhi.
Inowanikwa muguta reXinzhai Villag rinova rimwe reYushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefectures munyika yekare yeChina.
Mhepo Bhiza: inozivikanwa muuzivi hwechiBuddha se lungta uye kana rakashandurirwa muchiSpanish rinoreva bhiza rinovhuvhuta, rinoitwa nenhevedzano yemireza kana kuti banderilla dzine minamato yakasiyana-siyana yakanyorwa paari.
Kune varapi vechitendero chechiBhudha, minamato iyi inofananidzira magumo evanhu, ane zvinhu zvishanu zvechisikigo. Zita reiyi rite yechiBuddha rinobva mumubatanidzwa pakati pebhiza nemhepo.
Zvinotaurwa munhau youhu uzivi hwechiBuddha kuti zvose zviri zviviri bhiza nemhepo imotokari dzomusikirwo, sezvo bhiza iri mhuka ine simba rokukwanisa kutakura zvinhu zvakawandisa nezvimiro zvisingabatiki.
Nepo mhepo ichigona kutakura zvinhu izvo zviri ethereal, kureva kuti, hazvina chimiro, seminamato uye minamato inotakurwa nemhepo.
Mabanderilla anoshandiswa ane chimiro cherectangular uye akagadzirwa nepepa kana jira uye akarongwa mumapoka mashanu emavara, ane chinangwa chekumiririra zvinhu zve cosmology yeTibet.
Pamusoro pezvo, zviumbwa zvemhuka zvinogadzirwa kana kudhonzwa zvinomirira zvinhu zvishanu zvinoti: simbi, huni, mvura, moto nenyika. Uye ivo vakarongedzerwa kubva kuruboshwe kuenda kurudyi nenzira chaiyo inova iyi:
- Bhuruu inofananidzira uye ine hukama nedenga nenzvimbo.
- Muchena unomiririra mhepo nemhepo.
- Tsvuku ine chekuita nemoto.
- Green, inofananidzira mvura.
- Yero yakasarudzwa kumiririra nyika.
Kuiswa kwemireza yemavara aya kunoitwa kubva panzvimbo yakakwirira kuenda kunzvimbo yakaderera zvikuru, uye inosungirirwa pakati pezvinhu zviviri, iyi miitiro yechiBuddha inogara ichiiswa panzvimbo dzakakwirira dzakadai sematenga edzimba dzemamongi kana kuti matembere.
Zvakare mumastupa ari maBhudha zvivakwa kwavanochengetera zvisaririra zvavo zvakakosha. Nenzira imwechete ivo vanoiswa pakati pematanho ari mumakomo uye mumamongi.
Mo: Ndiyo imwe yemitambo yeBuddhism iyo inotenderwa kuita kubvunzana kwemweya kuburikidza nekushandisa dhayisi, sezvo tenzi wechiBhudha ane mvumo yekudaidza humwari hwake hwekudzidzisa uye anogona kukanda dice reTibetan.
Mhedzisiro iyi ichapa tenzi weBuddhism simba rekududzira mibvunzo inobvunzwa nemunhu, sezvo kushandiswa kuchiitwa dhayisi uye dhayagiramu yeTibetan yakafanana chaizvo nemandala ine zviratidzo zvisere panomhara dhayisi. Nhamba dzinova syllables panomhara dhayi nekudaro dudziro inoitwa zvichienderana nekuti dhazi rasvika papi uye zvakanyorwa padhayagiramu.
Kurudyi Ndiyo imwe yeanonyanya kushandiswa uye anonakidza tsika dzeBuddhism sezvo inoitwa nechinangwa chekudzivisa zvirwere zvakasiyana, njodzi uye njodzi dzinogona kuitika kune vashandi veBuddhism. Uye zvakare, kunaka kukuru uye kucherechedzwa kunowanikwa nekugona kudzidzira. iyi tsika yeBuddhism.
Iyi tsika yeBuddhism inowanzoitwa mukati memamongi echiBhudha kana temberi umo vadzidzi vaBuddha vanofanira kuita zviito zvakawanda panguva imwe chete, nenzira iyi mudzidzi anotanga kudzokorora nhevedzano yesutras achitenderedza mavhiri eminamato uye achifamba-famba pamifananidzo. Munzira yadzinofamba nayo newachi.
Kucheneswa neYamantaka: Ndirwo rumwe rwetsika dzechiBuddha dzakanangidzirwa kuna mwari wechiBuddha, sezvo uyu achizivikanwa souyo akakurira rufu, sezvo ane simba rokukwanisa kubvisa nokugumisa chingakuvadza.
Ndiyo imwe yemitambo yeBuddhism apo maLama anotarisira kukwanisa kukumbira Buddha uye anogona kuita tsika yechiBuddha yekuchenesa simba achishandisa minhenga yepeacock uye kusha uswa.
Christening: Ndiyo imwe yemitambo yeBuddhism iyo musimboti ndeyekuchenesa uye kuchenesa pfungwa dzemudzidzi, nguva imwe neimwe yaanopinda muchikamu chitsva muchivande cheesoteric, nenzira iyi mumongi wechiBuddha anogona kubhabhatidzwa kakawanda.
Kunyange zvazvo mutsika yorubhapatidzo rwechiBuddha, ikoku kunogona nguva dzose kuchinja kuchitsamira pamumongi mukuru wechiBuddha anozviita, zvisinei mune dzimwe tsika dzechiBuddha pakuita rubhapatidzo mumongi anofanira kutakura bhodhoro remvura muruoko rwake paanenge achifunga kuritumira.
Apo tenzi wechiBuddha ari kuita rubhapatidzo, mudzidzi ari kubhapatidzwa anofanira kufungidzira kuti kune shato ina dziri kuzadza mabhodhoro mana nemvura inobva mumiromo yawo uye iwaya achadururwa pamusoro pomudzidzi wechiBuddha.
Maererano netsika yeBuddha, izvi zvichamupa simba uye pfungwa dzake dzichacheneswa kuitira kuti aenderane nenheyo dzehuchenjeri hweBuddha uye kusvika munzira yekujekesa kana nirvana.
Kuvharirwa: Iyi tsika yeBuddhism ichave sechinangwa chayo chekutanga kuita kuti mudzidzi anzwisise zvese zvinorehwa nehuzivi hwechiBhudha, nekuvharirwa uku achatyora kubatana kwese nenyika.
Panguva ino yetsika, murapi ane chisungo chekudzidzira mantras neminamato inodiwa kune tsika yechiBuddha, iyo inowanzo fungwa uye inogona kugara kubva kune akati wandei mazuva kusvika kumakore mazhinji. Pasina kukwanisa kusiya temberi kana monastery kwenguva yakakodzera.
Chiitiko ichi chinopa mumongi wechiBhudha mukana wekurima muhuzivi hwake nekudaro kuwana ruzivo neuchenjeri, ndeimwe yemitambo inoitwa kakawanda zvichienderana nekuti mushandi anoda kuita sei.
Ndiyo imwe yemitambo yeBuddhism apo varapi vanoita chakavanzika cheesoteric, sezvo pavanotanga kuita tsika iyi havasisina hukama kunze kweavo mamongi akavakomberedza, mukuwedzera pakugamuchira chikafu chavo pamusuwo weiyo. bako.
Sezvo kune murindi anorinda kupfigirwa kwake ndokumurinda kwenguva yakati, kuti agogona kupedza tsika yechiBuddha ndokuwana zivo yaanoda.
Lasuo: maererano nemutauro weTibetan mazwi aya anoshandiswa kana murapi apfuura nemumakomo nemumipata yehumwari, sezvo aine chirevo chaMwari akakunda, itsika kuti mumitambo yekare yeBuddhism zvibayiro zvinoitirwa kune umwari hwegomo nehondo.
Mwoyo Sutra Puja: Ndiyo imwe yemitambo yeBuddhism ine chinangwa chekugamuchira seti yemaropafadzo kubva kuna Buddha, itsika inoonekwa seyakanyanya asi panguva imwechete yakakura kwazvo, iyo inotora inopfuura awa imwe yetsika yezuva nezuva.
Iyo tsika yaunofanirwa kuimba mimhanzi inoera uye kuridza zvigubhu, pamusoro pekunyengetera nekutenda kukuru, unofanirwa kudzokorora mantra yeMoyo Sutra. Iyo inozivikanwawo seEssence uye Uchenjeri Sutra ndechimwe chezvinyorwa zvakakosha zvechitendero cheBuddha. Uye ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa mubazi reMahayana Buddhism.
Ichi chinyorwa chinoumbwa nemavhesi gumi nemana eSanskrit kana shlokas, uye anosanganisira mantra inogara ichidzokororwa muzvikoro zveMahayana zveBuddhism, iyo inoti:
“Ibvai henyu
enda kumusoro
Enda kumusoro
Wake. Ngazvive zvakadaro"
kutamba kwechitendero: Mimhanzi, mitambo yemitambo uye kutamba ndiyo hunyanzvi hwaishandiswa kubva kare kare kufambisa nekuparadzira tsika nemagariro. Asi apo tinonongedzera kuuzivi hwechiBuddha, zvakarangarirwa kuti iyi inzira youpenyu yaiitwa navadzidzi.
Ndosaka mumamongi akasiyana matambiro echitendero akasiyana anoitwa pamazuva akakosha uye kuchitendero cheBuddhism ane zvakawanda zvaanoreva, muenzaniso weizvi ndipo panotaurwa nyaya dzaBuddha.
Uyewo pavanotanga kutaura nyaya yevamwe bodhisattvas kana vatsvene vechitendero ichi kuitira kuti varopafadze nguva, gore kana zuva, uye nokudaro vanokwanisa kuchenesa chero kukanganisa kwekarmic.
Saizvozvo, zvinowanzoitika kuti pakupera kwegore madhanzi mazhinji echitendero anoitwa mune imwe neimwe yemamongi echiBhudha, uye panguva iyoyo mamongi anopfeka zvakanaka uye anopfeka masiki akasiyana uye zvipfeko zvehumwari hweYak vachitenderedza imba yemamongi.
Chinangwa chekutamba kwechitendero ndechekutyisidzira mweya yose yakaipa pakupera kwegore, nokudaro kukwanisa kutanga gore idzva risina mashura nemweya yakaipa.
Khanw Pansa uye Ok Pansa: Iyi ndiyo imwe yetsika dzechiBhudha dzinonyanya kushandiswa muThailand, uye zvakare itsika inoitwa zvakanyanya muTheravada Buddhism, uye iyi tsika ine kudzoka kwemweya kunozoitwa nemamongi kana mwaka wekunaya wasvika.
Kana kuti zvinotora nzvimbo pakati pemwedzi waChikunguru kusvika Gumiguru, iyo inozivikanwawo seWassa mumutauro wePali kana Pansa muSanskrit. Mukudzokera kumweya uku, mamongi echiBhudha anosiya basa kana kuchengetwa mukati medzimba dzemamongi kuti vazvikudze uye vazvipire pakukura kwemweya vachishandisa kudzidza uye kufungisisa nguva dzose.
Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti ndeimwe yemitambo yekare yakashandiswa nemamongi echiBhudha kubva panguva yaBuddha, uye iyo yakatorwa nevanonamata ascetics muIndia. Ndiko kuti, avo vanhu vakasarudza kurarama vasina mafaro epanyika, vachiita kuti kuzvidzora kuve tsika uye kungorarama nerudo uye nerupo.
Panguva iyoyo mamongi haana kuita nzendo mumwaka wekunaya kwemvura nekuti mamiriro nemamiriro ekunze zvaive zvakaoma, ndomaitirwo akaitwa tsika iyi yechiBuddha, ndosaka zita retsika iyi ndiKhaw Pansa (kutanga kwekudzoka) uye Ok Pansa (kupera kwekudzokera).
The Pilgrimage: Ndiyo imwe yemitambo yeBuddhism apo varapi vanokwira gomo raMwari kuti vaite rwendo rukuru rwegungwa rose, neizvi mamongi anotarisira kukwanisa kugamuchira huchenjeri, dziviriro uye simba izvo nzvimbo idzi dzinopa.
Mamongi mazhinji echiBuddha navashandi vouhu uzivi hwechiBuddha vane chokwadi chokuti kupfurikidza nokuita iyi tsika nomumakomo namadhamu anoyera, vanounganidza betsero dzakawanda kuti vasvike kuvhenekerwa kana kuti nzira yeNirvana.
Zvitendero zveBuddhism netsika
Uzivi hwechiBhudha hwakapfuma kwazvo mutsika netsika, asi kutangwa kwemudzidzi kunofanirwa kuitwa muchikoro cheBhudha chiri chebazi reBuddhism uye zvinowanzoitika kuti murapi apfuure nechikamu kana nhanho panguva yekuumbwa kwemongi. muBuddha. Pakati pemitambo mikuru yeBuddhism tine:
The initiation ritual: tsika yekutanga iyo mushandi anofanira kuita muchikoro chaakanyoresa kana kuti chaanopinda asi kuti ave mumongi wechiBhudha anofanira kugadzirira zvakawanda muruzivo nekufungisisa uye izvi zvinoitwa mumatanho akati wandei.
Nhanho yekutanga iyo mushandi anofanira kutarisana nayo kuitira kuti ave mumongi wechiBhudha ndiyo nhanho inozivikanwa sePabbajja. Itsika inoitwa murapi achiri mudiki nekuti anofanira kunge aine makore masere.
Panguva iyoyo vanofanira kumuendesa kuimba yemamongi pazuva chairo rinoratidzirwa nehoroscope, uye chikonzero chokuti ndiyo nhano yakanaka zvikuru nokuda kwomurapi womunguva yemberi wechitendero chechiBuddha. Uye anozviona somudzidzi akatotanga basa.
Paanoendwa naye kuimba yemamongi, anogamuchirwa zvakanaka nemamongi ayo achamupa matombo matatu anokosha ane chitendero chechiBhudha, anoti:
- Buddha, zvinoreva zvisikwa zvakavhenekerwa. Vazive sevadzidzisi vako.
- Dharma, dzidziso uye kunzwisisa kwedzidziso yaBuddha.
- Sangha, nharaunda yechiBuddha uye ujoine nayo.
Mushure mokunge nyanzvi yefilosofi yechiBhudha yatonzwisisa zvose pamusoro pezvishongo zvitatu zvechitendero chechiBhudha, achabviswa nguo dzake uye kupiwa nguo yeyero, ipapo musoro wake uchaveurwa kubvisa bvudzi rake rose. murapi zvinhu zvekutanga izvo mumongi wese wechiBuddha anofanira kuve nazvo, izvo zvinotevera:
- Zvinhu zvitatu zvekupfeka.
- Bhandi.
- Tsono.
- Badza ravanoshandisa pakuveura.
- Sefa.
- Ndiro yezvipo.
Mushure mekunge watotanga, uchaudzwa mitemo mishanu kana mitemo iyo mushandi wese wechitendero chechiBuddha anofanira kutevedzera, uye ndiyo inonzi mitemo yetsika yeBuddhism uye kuti kubva panguva iyoyo inofanira kuva mitemo yaunofanira kutevedzera. nehupenyu hwako hwose. uye unofanira kuvatevera nebasa guru rinobvira uye ndeaya anotevera:
- Iwe hausi kuzotora kana kuparadza hupenyu hwezvinhu zvinonzwa (vanhu nemhuka).
- Iwe haungatore zvinhu kubva kune vamwe, ndiko kuti, zvinorambidzwa kushandisa zvisina kunaka chimwe chinhu (kuba, kubiridzira, kubiridzira)
- Dzivisa kusazvibata kunokuvadza iwe kana vamwe.
- Usanyepa, kuchera, kuchera, kutaura zvisina kunaka, nezvimwe.
- Kushandiswa kwechero chigadzirwa chinoburitsa shanduko yepfungwa kunorambidzwa: zviri pamutemo kana zvisiri pamutemo zvinodhaka, doro, kofi, nezvimwe.
Mushure mekupedza chikamu chekutanga chekutanga kuBuddhism iyo inonzi Pabbajja. Mudzidzi wehuzivi hwechiBhudha anofanirwa kutanga chikamu chechipiri kana nhanho inonzi Upasampada, iyo inofanirwa kutanga panopera yekutanga uye izvi zvinosanganisira mudiki wechiBhudha mumongi anopihwa nemudzidzisi ane ruzivo muBuddhism.
Kuti mudzidzisi uyu agone kutungamirira mushandi wechidiki weBuddhism muzivo nekudzidza, achamudzidzisawo zvose uye kuremekedza vadzidzisi veBuddhism filosofi.
Ichamupawo ruzivo runodikanwa kuitira kuti murapi wechidiki wechiBuddha awane huchenjeri hunodiwa, pamwe chete nechengeteko netsitsi umo mamongi eBuddhism anotenda mazviri uye izvi zvese zvinofanirwa kudzidzwa asati asvika makore makumi maviri.
Pashure pokunge adzidza zvose izvi, mumongi anodzidzira achava akagadzirira kuita tsika apo achanzi mumongi wechiBuddha uye achakwanisa kubetsera mamwe mamongi mukurovedza kwawo.
Tsika yerufu: Muchitendero chechiBuddha, rufu runorangarirwa senhano yokuti mweya usvike kuNirvana uye harurangarirwi kuva rwakaipa kana kuti runorwadza.” Nokuda kwouzivi hwechiBuddha, nzira yakanakisisa yokufa nayo apo munhu anenge ava muzivo yakazara yezvauri kuenda. zviitike kwauri.
Ndicho chikonzero kana uchitarisa rufu senhanho yehupenyu hutsva huri kuswedera pedyo nenirvana. Mune inonzi tsika yerufu kana kuti mariro echiBuddhism, zvichagara zvichitanga netsika yekupfuura.
Mutambo uyu uchatanga nekuverenga Bha-do'i-thos-grol kana Bhuku revakafa kumunhu anenge ava kufa kana kuti anenge atofa. Mukuverenga uku kunoitwa, iwe uchapihwa makiyi aunofanirwa kushandisa uye ivo vanokutungamira iwe panguva yepakati iyo inonziwo Bardo.
Iyo Bardo ichave yepakati mamiriro pakati pehupenyu huviri, uye mariro achaitika anotora mazuva makumi mana nemapfumbamwe. Panguva iyi hama neshamwari dzemushakabvu dzinopa zvipo kumweya zvakadai sezvokudya nezvinwiwa.
Muchitendero cheBuddhism, itsika yekupisa mitumbi, asi pane dzimwe nguva apo kuvigwa kwemvura kunoitwa, kana kuti vanosarudza kusiya mutumbi wemufi mukati-kati memukati, kuitira kuti ugoora.
Mushure mekunge vapedza mazuva makumi mana nemapfumbamwe ekuvigwa, tsika dzemariro dzinotanga apo vanozogadzira mutumbi nefomalin kuitira kuti ugopedza mamwe mazuva manomwe mumba mehama dzake kana yake. Asati apiswa.
Panguva yekuva nayo mumba, pikicha yemufi nemakenduru mashoma machena zvinofanirwa kuiswa pamusoro pebhokisi uye nhengo dzemhuri dzakadai sevari kuenda kumariro dzinofanirwa kupfeka hembe chena kana hembe dzakasvibira (matema). )
Pashure pokunge vhiki rose rapfuura, vanotanga kunyengetera kuna Buddha uye jira richaiswa pachiso chomushakabvu, uye ipapo jira racho rinoiswa pamusoro pomutumbi uye pakupedzisira rinoiswa mukati mebhokisi kuti rigone kurinda. .
Mufi asati apiswa, dzimwe mhemberero dzechiBhudha dzinenge dzichiitwa mumba memushakabvu, iyo inofanira kuvhurwa kuitira kuti hama dzose neshamwari dzomufi vasangane. Mamongi nevadzidzisi veBuddhism vanowanzoimba nhevedzano yenziyo mumatanho emhemberero inoitika.
Muzviitiko zvinokosha, kukudza mufi, murume anozova mumongi wechiBuddha kana kuti mukadzi achava mai vechichena anosarudzwa, asi kazhinji kazhinji ikoku kunoitwa mumariro anonyanyoitwa.
Murume akasarudzwa anofanira kuveurwa musoro wake uye achapfekedzwa zvipfeko zvechinyakare zvemamongi echiBhudha, uye kana ari mukadzi wacho, achapfekedzwa nguo chena uye anofanira kudzivisa kutaura nekubata varume kuti chengetedza kuzivikanwa kwake.
Mukuwedzera, mukadzi anofanira kuramba ari kuseri kwebhokisi uye mumaoko ake achatakura shinda chena, iyo inomiririra kuchena uye nzira iyo mweya wemufi unofanira kutevera.
Vhiki imwe chete mushure mekupiswa kwemutumbi wemushakabvu, imwe yetsika dzechiBhudha inofanira kuitwa mukumukudza, mushure memazuva makumi mana nemapfumbamwe erufu apera, mhemberero yekuonekana nemufi ichaitwa.
Panguva iyo munhu anenge atopedza gore rekufa, mhemberero inofanira kuitwa, uye mushure memakore matatu nguva yekuchema inoguma nemhemberero huru.
Mune mamwe mapazi eBuddhism mufi achaitwa mhemberero yekuvigwa kwemakore manomwe anotevera mukati memazuva makumi mana nemapfumbamwe. Uye mugore rokutanga pashure pokunge munhu afa, hapana chinofanira kuitwa chingaunza mufaro kumhuri yomushakabvu.
Miitiro yeBuddhism mugore idzva
Munyika dzakawanda mitambo iyi inoshandura zuva, sezvinozivikanwa nevanhu vakawanda muenzaniso unonyanyozivikanwa ndewekuti munyika dzakawanda gore rinotanga musi wa 1 Ndira sezvazvakanyorwa mukarenda yaGregory, asi kune dzimwe nyika zuva iri rinoshanduka ne tsika, zvitendero uye tsika dzevagari vemo.
Mune imwe nyaya, vaTibetan, vanozivikanwawo se losar, vanopemberera gore ravo idzva pakati pemwedzi waNdira uye kutanga kwaFebruary, sezvazvinogona kuonekwa, zuva racho harisi chinhu chinonyanya kukosha mutsika dzeTibetan, asi kuti vanakidzwe. ruzivo rwemapato akasiyana anoitika, pamwe chete nemitambo yakasiyana-siyana yeBuddhism iripo mune rimwe nerimwe remapato.
Kunyangwe mitambo inoitika mutsika yeTibetan ndeyemhando yemhuri uye ndosaka miitiro yeBuddhism inoitwa mukati memoyo wepedyo nevanhu vari padyo nemhuri.
Mune mumwe muenzaniso wakanyatsojeka, kune hama zhinji dzinoenda kunoshanyira mamongi mumamongi nematembere, ikoko vanopa mipiro uye kutora chikamu mumitambo yakasiyana-siyana netsika dzechiBuddha dzine chitendero muchimiro.
Pakati pemitambo yakakurumbira yechiBuddha pamusi weGore Idzva ihondo yemvura inoitika mumigwagwa yetaundi, mumuitiro uyu weBuddhism vanhu vanotanga kunyorova mumwe nomumwe, nemvura yavanosanganisa nehupfu hwakasiyana-siyana hwemavara.
Aya mavara anosanganiswa nemvura ane chinangwa chekuchenesa uye kuchenesa zvitadzo zvevanhu, kuti vatange gore idzva nemafungiro akanaka, vanotangawo kuchenesa mifananidzo yaBuddha, mungave mutemberi, mamongi kana chero. inowanikwa mudzimba.
Vanozviita nemvura inonhuhwirira kana mvura ine hunhu kuitira kukwezva rombo rakanaka uye budiriro yakawanda mukati megore rava kuda kutanga. Imwe tsika inokatyamadza zvikuru nouzivi hwechiBuddha ndeyokuunza chitsama chejecha kutembere kana kuti dzimba dzemamongi dzechiBuddha sechiratidzo chetsvina yave ichitakurwa gore rose, zvichiratidzira kuti yakanga iri tsvina inotakurwa netsoka gore rose. .
Idzi tsama dzejecha dzakatemerwa pafoshoro mumirwi uye mireza yemavara inoiswa kuti ishongedze nzvimbo tsvene, imwe yemitambo yeBuddhism inosanozivikanwa uye inoitwa mudungwe wemaBuddha anowanikwa mukati medzimba dzemamongi uye anotakurwa nevechiBuddha. vanhu vanomwaya nemvura kuti vawane pundutso. Mimwe miitiro yeBuddhism yekupedzisira-yegore ndeyotevera:
Iyo Nyi-Shu-Gu uye iyo Losar: mumitambo yekupera kwegore mutsika yeTibetan ine zvikamu zviviri zvakasiyana zvakasiyana asi kuti panguva imwechete yakabatana zvikuru, yekutanga ndeyekuvhara gore rakapfuura uye kupa kuvharwa kwakanaka kune zvose izvo zvisina kunaka uye mune izvi. nzira yekukwanisa kutanga gore idzva nenzira yakanakisisa kuva gore rinobereka uye rakawanda kwazvo.
Mumutauro weTibetan izwi rekuti Losar rinoda kureva tsika inotambirwa gore idzva, ndosaka chinyorwa ichi. Lo rinoreva izwi rokuti gore nechinyorwa sar inonangidzirwa pane itsva, asi pane itsva uye yakawanda. Nekune rimwe divi, mazwi yi-shu- ayo anoreva mazuva ekupedzisira egore rapfuura.
Nyi-Shu-Gu: Inozivikanwa sezuva rechimakumi maviri nemapfumbamwe, nenzira iyi nyi-shu-gu inosanganisira kucheneswa kwedzimba dzedu nemiviri yedu, kubvisa zvose zvisina kunaka zvatinazvo, kuwedzera kune zvipingamupinyi, tsvina, uipi uye. zvirwere zvakasiyana izvo Zvinotitambudza nguva dzose.
Mumitambo yeBuddhism, rino izuva iro tsika dzese dzinodiwa dzinofanira kuitwa kuitira kuti mhemberero dziuye zviri nani, sezvo chinhu chekutanga chinofanira kuitwa kuchenesa zvachose, uye itsika yeTibetan zuva rekupedzisira regore unofanirwa kuita kuchenesa kwese kwesaiti uye iwe pachako.
Netsika iyi yeTibet, vanhu vanotanga kuchenesa imba yavo nenzira yakadzika kwazvo, mushure mekupedza basa rakaoma rakadaro vanoenda kunogeza uye kugeza bvudzi ravo sezvo vanhu vese vachiziva kuti vakachena kwazvo kugamuchira gore idzva.
Mushure mekupedza zuva rekuchenesa, neimba yekugezera ichibatanidzwa, mhuri inotanga kunakidzwa nekudya chikafu chakanakisisa cheguthuk.Mushure meizvi, tsika yekudzinga midzimu yose yakaipa uye utano husina kunaka kubva mudzimba inotanga.
The Guthuk: Ndiyo imwe yetsika dzechiBuddhism dzinoshandiswa muchikafu sezvo iri muto unozivikanwa kwazvo muTibet, zita rayo rakazara rinonzi thukpa bhatuk, asi inonzi guthuk, uye kana ichidyiwa husiku nezvimwe zvinosanganisa nezvimwe zvinhu zvakakosha. pausiku hwenyi-shu-gu.
Soup inogadzirwa nediki, yakaita segoko renoodles yakagadzirwa nemaoko pahusiku hwenyi-shu-gu. Zvimwe zvinoshandiswa zvinowanzowedzerwa pakudya uku, zvakadai se: labu (Asian radish), cheese yakaomeswa, chili pepper, peas, pakati pevamwe.
Sopu, kana uchiwedzera zvimwe zvinongedzo, inova guthuk inonaka uye pavanowedzera iyo yakakosha kubata kune imwe neimwe ndiro. Mukati mendiro huru yechikafu mune bhora hombe remukanyiwa rinowanzoiswa mukati mebepa rine chimwe chiratidzo kana nechinhu sechipo kana sechirevo kana mantra.
Asi inogadzirwa yakakura kuti isiyaniswe nemamwe uye vanhu havaidye nekukanganisa uye kudya zvirimo. Sezvo zvinhu zvinoiswa mukati me dumpling inoitwa nenzira yejoke.
Nyangwe nguva zhinji zvinhu zvacho zviri positive, pane dzimwe nguva dzinoisa zvinhu zvisina kunaka, semuenzaniso zvinoisa zimbe remarasha zvichidudzirwa kuti munhu ane moyo weruvara irworwo, asi kana akaisa chimedu chemvere mukati. kuwanda kwebhora zvinoreva kuti munhu ane mutsa.
Munguva yekugadzirira chikafu chinonaka cheguthuk, pane zvisingaverengeki zvakasiyana zvakasiyana zvinogona kuiswa mubhokisi guru rehupfu, uye vanogona kuchinja chimwe chinhu kune chimwe, chinotoitwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana uye pamitambo yakasiyana-siyana.
Muitiro unoshandiswa kubvisa kusava nehanya uye unoshanda zvakanaka kwazvo kubvisa mweya yakaipa uye simba rakaipa, kunze kwehutano husina kunaka mumba uye mumuviri wedu pausiku ihwohwo hunokosha hunonzi lue uye trilue .
Pakataurwa nezve lue, mufananidzo wemunhu unogadzirwa neupfu hwakakangwa hunogona kuva gorosi, bhari kana mupunga unonzi tsampa. Inosanganiswawo nemvura kana tii. Uye iyi nhamba ichamiririra zvese zvisingadiwe mumba.
Kunyange zvazvo trilue iri zvidimbu zvekanyiwa imwechete iyo ichapiwa kune mumwe nomumwe wevakakokwa nepfungwa yokuti ichabvisa zvose zvakaipa kubva kunhamo kusvika kuchirwere. Nhamba idzi dzakagadzirirwa chikafu chinonaka cheguthuk chisati chagadzirwa.
Chinofanira kuitwa kuita murume mudiki, ruzhinji runofanira kunge rwakakura bhora reping pong, kune mumwe nemumwe wevanhu vanenge vari pamutambo uye vanoiswa pandiro yekare kwazvo isina kukosha kwakawanda. sezvo kuti pakupera kwehusiku ndiro iyi ichapinda mumarara.
Nhamba idzi dzinofanirwa kusendeka parutivi kusvikira munhu wese adya chikafu chinonaka cheGuthuk. Kuti vatange kuvhura mabhora avo akakura ehupfu, chikamu chetsika inoitwa ndechekuti havafanire kudya guthuk rese.
Vapedza kudya, vanopiwa ruzhinji uye lue uye trilue. Vanofanira kuvadzvinya zvakasimba zvokuti maoko avo anovaparadza uye inodhindwa nayo. Zvino munhengo dzemuviri wedu dzinenge dzabatwa kana kurwadza tinofanira kuzviisa ipapo tova nepfungwa dzakanaka kuti zvinopera. Munhu paanenge achiita izvi, anofanira kutaura zvinotevera:
“Lo chik dawa chu-nyi
Shama sum-gya-druk-chu
Ndinzwei henyu!”
Rinoshandurirwa mumutauro weSpanish rinoreva zvinotevera "Gore rine mwedzi gumi nembiri, mazuva 360. Zvose zvipingamupinyi uye negativities, chienda!" Zvakajairika kuti mumutambo uyu pane zvishoma zvese, senge mufaro wakawanda, asiwo nekusuwa kwakawanda. Izvo zvakafanana zvinoitika apo mhuri yose neshamwari vanotanga kuputsa mabhora makuru ehupfu.
Asi vanhu vese vane chishuwo chekuva neutano hwakakwana uye vasina chero kurwadziwa, mushure meizvi unogona kuisa dumplings kana kudhiraivha mundiro ne lue, uye dururira chimwe chikafu kubva musobho uye kubatidza kenduru.
Kunyange zvazvo chikamu ichi chekuvhenekera kenduru haisi tsika munzvimbo dzakawanda, asi izvo zvakajairika uye zvinodzokorora zvakanyanya ndeyekuvhenekera mwenje diki uzere nemashanga uye upfuure neimba nayo kubvisa mweya yakaipa, anoita nekufamba famba mumba. nokungwarira uye kudzokorora chirevo ichi nguva dzese: "Thonsho ma!". Shoko iri rinoturikirwa kuti huipi hubude.
Iyi tsika inoitwa nechinangwa chekuburitsa mweya yakaipa mudzimba, uye nekudaro ichisiya isina kucheneswa simba rakashata nemweya yakaipa inogona kunge iri kugara mumba, izvi zvinoitwa zvakare neminamato yakawanda neminamato, ivo vachibva. kutarisa nzvimbo dzese dzemba.
Pashure pokupinda nemba nemwenje, inoiswa kure nemba nenzira yakapesana pamwe chete nendiro kuitira kuti zvinhu zvose zvipiswe uye kubvisa zvisaririra zvose zvemasimba akaipa angave achigara mukati memba.
Asi zvakakosha kuti tsika iyi inoitwa ndeyevanhu veTibetan pane tsika yehuzivi hwechiBhudha, asi inoitwa munzvimbo dzakawanda mumamongi uye nemamongi mazhinji echiBhudha kuitira kuchenesa nzvimbo yavanogara.
Mushure mokutora zhenje kunze kweimba pamwe chete nemweya yakaipa, vanorasika munzvimbo dzekunze uye havazivi kuti vangadzokera sei kumba, uye mhuri inotanga kunakidzwa nenzvimbo yakachena uye ine utano, isina mweya yakaipa.
Kuve nguva yakanyanya kunaka yekutanga gore idzva uye kutarisa masimba ese akanaka mukugadzira zvakanakira mhuri uye kugamuchira gore idzva rine hutano hwakawanda uye budiriro yakawanda.
The Lozar: Losar inopembererwa muTibetan Buddhism sekukunda kwezvakanaka pane zvakaipa, uye izuva rakakosha kuvadzidzi vanoita zvechiBuddha. Rimwe zuva gore idzva risati rasvika, mamongi eBuddhism anotanga kugadzira makeke, zvingwa, zvihwitsi uye michero pamaatari emhuri, kuitira kushongedza sezvo iri zuva rakakosha kwazvo reuzivi hwechiBhudha.
Vanoisawo yavanodaidza kuti derga (macookies), chang (doro rebhari), gwenzi regorosi rakasimwa mugirazi rinonzi loboe uye uta panoiswa upfu nemhodzi yebhari. Izvi zvinoitwa kwemazuva gumi nemashanu akatevedzana kukwezva rombo rakanaka uye kubudirira.
Mhemberero iyi inotora mazuva angangoita gumi nemashanu uye ndeimwe yemitambo yeBuddhism inotora nguva refu, asi mazuva akatanhamara ndiwo matatu ekutanga sezvo zvinotevera zvichiitwa:
- Zuva rekutanga: Izuva iro mamongi echiBuddha anovamba kugadzira chinwiwa chinonzi Changkol, chinozivikanwawo sekoenden, checharanga, rudzi rwedoro rinobva kuTibet, pashure pacho vanogadzira yavanoti khapse, rudzi rwebhisikiti nebhata, shuga yenzimbe. , zai nemvura.
Mushure meizvozvo, donuts dzakakangwa uye nyama yenguruve yakasiyana, yeTibetan yak uye ndiro dzemakwai dzakagadzirwa. Uye mipiro kuvamwari veBuddhism iri kugadzirirwawo. Zvokudya zvose zvinoiswa mumidziyo yemapuranga ine mavara akasiyana.
Zvose izvi tsika dzeBuddhism dzinopembererwa mumhuri, vavakidzani vanokokwa, vakadzi vanofanira kumuka mangwanani kuti vagone kushandisa mvura yekutanga yerwizi mugore idzva. Mvura iyi inoiswa mukati meatari kuti ipiwe kuna Buddha kuunza rugare mugore idzva.
Vana vakapfeka zvipfeko zvitsva uye mamongi ese nemhuri dzavo vachachinjana kwaziso yeGore Idzva nekusimbisa mutsara unotevera. Tashi Delek (Zvikomborero uye rombo rakanaka).
- Zuva rechipiri: Zuva rechipiri retsika iyi yeBuddhist inonzi Gyalpo Losar kana Losar Rey, izuva rakakosha nekuti rakachengeterwa kukwanisa kutanga hurukuro neDalai Lama nevamwe vatungamiriri vanobva munzvimbo dzakasiyana kuti vataure nezve nzira yekuvhenekerwa uye. iyo nirvana.
- Zuva rechitatu: izuva rinozivikanwa seMudziviriri weLosar, zuva iro mamongi echiBuddha pamwe chete nevadzidzi vanotanga kushanyira dzimba dzese dzemamongi netembere nekupa zvipiriso paatari dzaBuddha uye kune vadziviriri vakasiyana veDharma, pamwe chete. neizvi zvakare Vanosimudza mireza yeminamato kana mabhiza anozivikanwa zvikuru kumhepo, imwe yetsika dzechiBuddha dzakatsanangurwa pamusoro apa. Kubva nhasi ndipo panotanga mhemberero dzegore idzva.
Miitiro yeBuddhism yekudaidza kubudirira
Sezvakatoonekwa muchinyorwa ichi, kune dzakawanda tsika dzechiBuddhism, mukuwedzera kune dzakasiyana mhemberero netsika dzauinadzo muhuzivi hwechiBhudha, asi zvakadaro sezvo chakura kwazvo uye vateveri veBuddhism vakatevera zvese izvi. tsika pasina kupera simba nekuti ndicho chitendero chechina munyika chine vateveri vakawanda.
Nhevedzano dzetsika dzechiBhudha dzinoitwawo kudaidza budiriro nehupfumi, asi imwe yetsika dzinoshandiswa dzechiBhudha kukwezva hupfumi kuisa Bhudha reGoridhe kana Mari Buddha, mufananidzo waBuddha uyo akabata goridhe muruoko rumwe chete. ingot, uye kune rumwe rutivi anotakura bhegi hombe.
Mufananidzo weGolden Buddha une chinangwa chekusimudzira kugona kwevanhu kupa nekugamuchira, nenzira iyi inokwezva simba rakanaka uye inovhura nzira yekuti mari nehupfumi zviyerere.
Buddha Mari Ritual: Kuti uite mari yetsika kuna Buddha, inofanira kuiswa kuruboshwe rweimba, mushure mekuita zvipiriso zvemupunga, michero nemari yakawanda sechipo, izvi zvinokwezva zvakawanda uye hupfumi, asi zvakakosha zvikuru tsika yemari yaBuddha ndeyekuita minamato zuva nezuva kuti iitike. Munamato wekubudirira kwaBuddha ndewekuti:
"Iwe Buddha ane simba uye mukuru,
wouya kwandiri zvino
nesimba guru
kunyatsovandudza rombo rangu,
kubvisa zvese zvinonditadzisa,
zvakanaka ndinoziva kuti muchandibatsira
pazvose zvandinokumbira kwamuri.
uye iwe uchandichengeta
kundipa dziviriro uye mufaro
Muzita raMwari
nokuda kworunako rwake rusingaperi netsitsi dzake.
Mukuru weBuddha Mweya wakasimudzwa uye wakachena,
tumira chiedza chako kubva munzvimbo isingaperi
unogara kupi?
tipei zvatinokumbira
uye muvhenekere nzira yedu.”
Vanhu vazhinji vakataura kuti nekudzokorora munamato nekutenda, anofanirwa kufungidzira kuti mari nehupfumi zviri kuuya saka zvichashanda zvirinani, nepo vamwe vanhu vachiti zvakanaka kuparadzira zvipiriso zvinopihwa kuGoridhe Buddha mukamuri yese. .imba kuti azadzise zvaakakumbirwa.
Asi chiri chaichoicho ndechokuti nokuda kweiyi tsika yechiBuddha ine misiyano yakawanda asi vanovimbisa kuti kubudirira kuchauya kana ukazviita nokutenda, munzira idzi vose vanoita zvinotevera: isa mufananidzo waBuddha wendarama kuruboshwe. Tichifunga nezvekuvhurwa kwegonhi guru reimba uye nekuisa zvinhu zvishanu zvakapoteredza mufananidzo, izvo zvinotevera:
- Moto: inogona kunge iri kenduru kana sandalwood zvinonhuwira zviri nani.
- Pasi: quartz yemhando ipi zvayo.
- Simbi: Mari nhatu dzeChinese dzakabatanidzwa neribhoni dzvuku, kuve nechokwadi kuti divi radzo, iro rine mavara mana akavezwa echiChinese, rakatarisa mudenga.
- Mvura: kapu kana girazi remvura, iyo inofanira kuchinjwa zuva nezuva. Izvi zvinogona kutorwa kana kudirwa mutangi rehove kana tsime.
- Huni: bamboo yeChinese kana ruva rinogona kuiswa.
Kuseka Buddha Rite: ndiye anonzi mafuta Buddha kana Buddha wekunyemwerera, anoshandiswa kumutsa budiriro, asiwo mufaro, neuyu Buddha unogona kuva nawo mumba mako kana mubhizinesi rako, ndeimwe yeakanyanya kupararira manhamba eBuddha. nekuve akanaka kwazvo, kunze kwekuve imwe yeanonyanya kufarirwa aripo.
Netsika yaBuddha anonyemwerera zvinogoneka kukwezva mufaro nebudiriro asi zvinogona kuitwa pamazuva maviri emwedzi upi noupi uye ndipo panopinda mwedzi mutsva kana kuti mwedzi wakazara.
Varapi vehuzivi hwechiBhudha vanowanzo shandisa kuti uve nebudiriro, asi zvichienderana nezvaunoda, uchafanirwa kushandisa ruvara uye hunhu, asi zvinotevera zvinokurudzirwa:
- Kubudirira: shandisa essence ye tangerine, sinamoni kana kokonati uye orenji kana yero makenduru.
- Hutano: essence ye eucalyptus, ndimu, mint kana pine uye girinhi kana chena makenduru anoshandiswa.
- Rudo: essence yekinamoni, maruva eorange, cloves, jasmine kana roses zvakakodzera. Kazhinji pink kana makenduru matsvuku anoshandiswa
Nguva yakanakisa yekuita tsika yeBuddha anonyemwerera ihusiku paunopinda mumwedzi mutsva kana mwedzi wakazara sezvakambotaurwa, chinhu chekutanga kuita tsamba uye kuisa zvese pairi. budiriro, rudo kana hutano.
Mienzaniso yatinokupa muchinyorwa ichi ndeiyi inotevera, kana iwe uchida kunyora kukwezva rudo rwehupenyu hwako unofanirwa kunyora nenzira inotevera "kupa kutenda kune mudiwa akakwana achauya kwauri, azere nerudo nerukudzo kukupa"
Kana iwe uchida kugadzira tsamba inoda kuti budiriro iuye muhupenyu hwako, unofanirwa kunyora sezvizvi "Ndinopa kutenda nemari yakagamuchirwa, ndinokutendai nezvose zvamandipa, Buddha mukuru achinyemwerera uye nemari yakagamuchirwa uye unoisa mari yacho nguva dzose uchitenda."
Imwe yeanonyanya kunakidza mapoinzi anogadzirwa mumitambo yeBuddhism ndipo pavanobvunza Buddha mukuru anonyemwerera nezvehutano sezvo vanhu vazhinji vari kurwara nehurwere hwakati wandei uye muenzaniso chaiwo ndeuyu: anoonga kuti ane utano hwakakwana, masero ane utano hwakanaka, muviri uri mumamiriro ezvinhu akakwana uye simba rakawanda zuva nezuva.
Muchivharo ichi chinosimbiswa kuti mienzaniso chete inoiswa, asi iwe, muverengi anodiwa, unogona kunyora tsamba sezvaunoda, asi nguva dzose uchikumbira kuvonga ndiyo nzira yakanakisisa. Mushure mekupedza tsamba iwe unofanirwa kukwiza makenduru emuvara waunoda kukumbira kuitira kuti uite tsika uye ungokumbira nekutenda kuti ichazadziswa.
Pashure pokunge watokumbira, vhenekera kenduru worisiya rakabatidzwa, pedza nguva yakati uchifungisisa pasina ani zvake anokuvhiringidza uye kupedza muitiro wacho, pisa tsamba yacho nokuda kwezvawakakumbira, inongoramba iri pakati paBuddha mukuru anonyemwerera newe.
Mutambo weBuddhism
Iyo inozivikanwawo seLosar, asi mhemberero dzinoenderana nenyika yavanenge vari, sezvo tsika dzeBuddhism dzinowanzochinja zvishoma zvichienderana nenzvimbo, kunyangwe mwedzi iri kutanga muna Ndira uye inogara kusvika kutanga kwaFebruary. mhemberero idzi Dzinosanganisira akati wandei echiBhudha tsika, pakati peakanyanya isu tine zvinotevera:
Vesak kana Buddha Day: Rinoonekwa sezuva rakakosha kwazvo remamongi nevashandi veBuddhism, uye tsika iyi inopembererwa mumwedzi waMato kana mwedzi wakazara. ndosaka iri imwe yetsika dzinokosha dzeBuddhism iripo.
Inopembererwa nemapazi ese eBuddhism aripo nhasi, uye yakagadzwa kubva muna 1950, asi isati yapembererwa, chinoitika ndechekuti gore iroro rinotorwa sereferensi nekuti musangano weWorld Fellowship of Buddhists wakaitwa. .
Mumusangano uyu, kuzvipira kwemamongi echiBhudha kutora kutsunga kurarama nekureruka uye neruremekedzo, asi kushanda mukukudziridza kwepfungwa kuita mutsa, rudo uye kugara uchitsvaga rugare mumamiriro ese aripo inotorwa sechinhu chikuru. .
Zuva reMagha Puja: mutsika iyi inoitwa nenzira yemhemberero sezvo iri mharidzo yekutanga iyo Buddha anopa kune chiverengero chakati chevadzidzi, sezvo zvichinzi kune vanopfuura 1200 vadzidzi vakanzwa mazwi matsvene aBuddha.
Kubva panguva iyoyo, kugadzwa kwezvinangwa zvikuru zveBuddhism uye chinangwa chikuru chekusvika nirvana chakaziviswa, tsika iyi yakakoshawo zvikuru kuBuddhism, inopembererwa pamwedzi wakazara asi mumwedzi wechitatu.
Nokuita panguva yakakodzera, mushandi anogona kuchenesa mweya wake nepfungwa dzake uye nokudaro kudzivisa kuita zvivi, munyika dzakadai seThailand, Laos neCambodia, muTibet inozivikanwa seChotrul Duchen festival; Inopembererwawo mune dzimwe nyika dzeSoutheast Asia.
Uposatha: Itsika inopembererwa mumwedzi yakazara maererano netsika dzechiBuddha mumwedzi wemwedzi panogona kuva pakati pemaviri kusvika matanhatu Uposatha. Iri izwi rinoreva zuva rekutsanya kana kutsanya zuva rose, kumamongi echiBuddha kutsanya kunobva pakubuda kwezuva kusvika masikati, kwavanogona kudya chikafu zvakare.
Kuita uku kutsanya kunokubvumira kuti uwedzere kutendeka kune huzivi hweBuddhism uye kuwedzera kuzvipira kwako kuna Buddha, zvinogona zvakare kumutsidzira tsika yeDharma.
Songkran: Ndiyo mutambo weGore Idzva muThailand asi inopembererwa mumwedzi waApril pakati pe13 ne15. Ndiyo imwe yemitambo yakakurumbira yehondo yemvura ine mavara yavanoshandisa uye nokuti inotora mazuva matatu akatevedzana.
Asi pamazuva iwayo kunewo kusangana kwakawanda kwemhuri uye vanovandudza zvisungo zvemhuri nerudo uye kukudza vakwegura nekuita mhemberero dzetsika nemaitiro makuru emadzitateguru.
Kana iwe wawana chinyorwa ichi paThe Rites of Buddhism chakakosha, ini ndinokukoka iwe kuti ushanyire anotevera malink: