Tsoko inonzi Tití Tsoko imhuka duku inogara mumasango ane mashizha eCentral neSouth America. Iyo ndeye diurnal maitiro uye kunyanya arboreal, sezvo inofarira masango akakora ari pedyo nemvura. Pane musiyano mukuru pakurema nekukura pakati pemhando dzakasiyana dzetsoko iyi. Kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezve tsoko iyi inoda kuziva, ndinokukoka kuti uenderere mberi nekuverenga.
The Titi Tsoko
Tsoko ye<em>marmoset imhando yetsoko dzinopisa dzinowanikwa kuCentral neSouth America uye dzinozivikanwa zvikuru nezita rekuti pocket monkey. Marmoset isangano rinozivikanwa remarudzi akasiyana eAmerican apes (platyrrhines), ari chikamu chemhuri yeCallitrichidae.
The callitrichidae (Callitrichidae) inoumba mhuri ye platyrrhine primates inogara Central neSouth America, iyo inosanganisira marudzi makumi mana nembiri anowanzonzi marmosets uye tamarins. (Callitrichinae) yemhuri Cebidae..
Pamusoro pekuve imwe yeanonyanya kuzivikanwa uye anowanzo primates, anoonekwa seanogona kwazvo kuchinjika kushanduko dzinokonzerwa nevanhu munzvimbo yavo yechisikigo. Tsoko yemarmoset chisikwa checharisma huru uye chiri nyore kubata nacho. Nhasi zvinofungidzirwa kuti kune marudzi anopfuura makumi mana etsoko duku, dzinonziwo callitrichids kana mamwe marudzi anonzi tamarins.
Hunhu hweTiti Tsoko
Huremu hwemarmosets huri pakati pe100 (C. pygmaea) ne800 gramu (Loentopithecus), ukuwo kureba kwemuviri wavo uri pakati pe13 (C. pygmaea) ne50 centimeters (Leontopithecus) uye muswe wadzo unotambanuka kuita 15 kana 40 centimita. Vanoratidzira maviri molars kudivi rega rega reshaya yepamusoro (kunze kweCallimico), kune rumwe rutivi muswe wavo hauna prehensile uye vane zvigunwe zvinopikisa.
Zvisikwa zvidiki, zvine mvere dzakapfava, dzine sirika; mamwe marudzi ane tufts ebvudzi rakakura munzeve nepamatama. Mvere dzayo dzine ruvara rutema nechena, musoro wayo unoratidza chimiro chakaurungana. Mazino emhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemonkey marmoset anogona kusunungura bark yemiti, uye nokudaro kusveta muto wavo. Vane diurnal maitiro uye vane mukurumbira arboreal uye zvipikiri zvavanazvo, panzvimbo yezvipikiri, zvinovabvumira kubatisisa pamatavi emiti zvakakwana.
Marmosets anogara munzvimbo dzawo uye anowanzo kuwanikwa muzvikamu zvidiki zvevashanu kusvika ku5 vanhu. Mapoka aya anodzivirira nzvimbo yavo, achivhundutsa vapambi nekuridza mhere uye kudzingirira kunotyisidzira. Dzimwe nguva mapoka emhando dzakasiyana dzetsoko akabatanidzwa. Kushambidzika uye kutaurirana zvine nzvimbo yakatanhamara mukushandira pamwe pakati pemapoka. Vanowanzoonekwa vari vaviri vaviri vakagara kana kukotsira.
Ndiwo mamwe emaape mashoma anozvarwa akawanda, kazhinji mapatya, anosvika 80% emhando dzakadzidzwa. Mukupesana netsoko zhinji, hono dzinoita basa rakatanhamara mukutarisira kwevabereki, dzimwe nguva kutopfuura hadzi.
Mapoka emhuri anogara achiumbwa nevaroorani nevana vavo, avowo vanova rutivi rwemapoka endima. Amai ndivo vanotungamirira kurerwa pasinei nokuti muboka munogona kunge mune vanasikana vakawanda vakura vezera rekubereka. Vese vanoumba boka vanokweretesa rubatsiro rwavo pakuchengeta vechidiki.
Zvokudya
Chikafu chetsoko dzemarmoset chinoumbwa kunyanya nemichero, mashizha, maruva, nekita, fungi, muto, latex, resin uye rabha pakati pezvimwe zvinorimwa. Dzinodawo kudya tumbuyu, madzvinyu, mhungu, hozhwa, matatya emiti, nhiyo, mazai eshiri nemhuka dzine mwero. Chikamu che15% chekudya kwavo chinobva mumiti yemagum.
Kuberekerwa
Kunyange zvazvo ma<em>marmosets echikadzi achigona kusangana neanopfuura murume mumwe, kusvirana kunowanzova nomudzimai mumwe, ndiko kuti, nomukwanyina mumwe, kunyange kwoupenyu hwose. Nguva yekuzvimba kwayo inenge mwedzi mishanu, mukadzi achigara achingoita mwana mumwe chete. Kubatana pakati pababa nemwana kune simba guru, sezvo ari iye ane mutoro wemwana, uye anongotora chete naamai nokuda kwezvinangwa zvekuyamwisa kana kumwe kutarisira. Vamwe vose veboka remhuri vanowanzo batsira mukurera mwana wetsoko.
Pamwedzi mishanu, vadiki havachayamwi uye vanokura zvakakwana kana vapfuura gore. Mushure memakore maviri kusvika matatu vanoparadzana neboka remhuri kuti vawane wekufambidzana naye. Hupenyu hwake hunonzi makore gumi nemaviri.
Habitat yeTiti Tsoko
Nhengo dzemhuri dziri muCentral neSouth America (Colombia, Bolivia, Brazil, Peru neParaguay). Vanogona kurarama muminda, masango emahombekombe, masango akanyorova egungwa reAtlantic uye mumasango ane hafu-inotema.
MuCosta Rica marudzi maviri kana kuti marudzi anozivikanwa. Iyo iri pasi pekutyisidzira kukuru iri munzvimbo dzeParrita, Quepos nePotrero Grande muBuenos Aires. Imwe subspecies iri kumaodzanyemba kwenyika, kunyanya muOsa. Zvakajairika kuvaona muManuel Antonio National Park, Quepos uye masango ari padyo nePuerto Jiménez paOsa Peninsula.
Nzvimbo yaro yekugara iri mumasango anotonhorera, kunyanya mumashizha ane mashizha. Yakawanda yenguva yavo inopedzerwa pamisoro yemiti. Dzinozadza masango akakora seaya eRwizi rweAmazon. Mhando shoma shoma, dzakadai seBlack Ashy Marmoset, dzinowanzoonekwa kubva kuBrazil chete.
Ngozi dzaunotarisana nadzo
Mazhinji ma<em>marmosets anoonekwa semhuka dziri kutyisidzirwa, kunyanya nekuda kwekuparara kwenzvimbo yadzo. Kutyisidzirwa kwaro kukuru kuparadza sango, sezvo richideredza nharaunda yaro kudyisa nokuberekana. Iwo marudzi anoda kuziva kune avo vanotsvaga kuve nemhuka muutapwa. Mhando iyi inodzivirirwa nezvakataurwa muAppendix I yeConvention for Trafficking in Endangered Species (CITES).
Kurongwa
Maererano neRylands and Mittermeier (2009), callitrichids inosanganisira 7 genera (Calibella, Cebuella, Callimico, Callithrix, Mico, Leontopithecus uye Saguinus) yakaumbwa nemhando 42. Muna 2010, Mico rondoni yakaonekwa semhando, iyo yaimboonekwa se a subspecies part of Mico emiliae Muna 2014, zvakaonekwa kuti Mico manicorensis yakanga yakafanana naMico marcai.
Sekureva kwaGarbino naMartins-Junior (2017), callitrichids inosanganisira iyo genera Callithrix, Cebuella, Mico, Saguinus, Leontopithecus uye Callimico. Ava vanyori, zvakare, vanopatsanura genus Saguinus kuita matatu subgenera: Saguinus, Leontocebus naTamarinus.
Tsoko dzemarmoset dzinowanzopatsanurwa kuita mapoka mashanu akasiyana: iyo yechokwadi marmoset, tamarin (inonziwo mamoustached kana pinchés marmoset), iyo pygmy kana diki marmoset, shumba marmoset (inodanwa zvakare kuti yegoridhe kana leonine marmoset) uye Goldi's tamarin, iyo ichiri kuchengetedza 3 molars mune imwe neimwe hemijaw.
Mhando dzeMarmoset Monkey
Iyo marmoset isangano rinozivikanwa re platyrrhine primates yemhuri yecallitrichid inongowanikwa muCentral neSouth America. Heano mamwe maitiro emhando dzetsoko dzemarmoset.
Marmoset ane musoro wedonje
Iyo donje-yepamusoro tamarin (Saguinus oedipus) inozivikanwawo seyechena-musoro tamarin, tsvuku-tsvuku tamarin, kana cottony tamarin, pakati pemamwe mazita akawanda. Iyi mhuka yakanaka chikamu chejenasi Saguinus uye inogoverwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana dzeColombia.
Saizi yaro idiki, inorema anenge 500 magiramu, uye muviri wayo pamwe nemuswe hausvike pakureba masendimita 37. Kudya kwayo kunosanganisira zvipembenene, michero yakaibva, muto uye nekita. Inorongedzerwa seyakaoma mamiriro ekuchengetedza, zvisinei nekuti mamwe masangano eColombia ari kurwira kuchengetedza iyi inoshamisa marmoset, kugadzira nzvimbo dzesango uye zvirongwa zvekuchengetedza mhuka idzi.
Genus Cebuella
Pygmy marmoset (Cebuella pygmaea) idiki pamhando makumi mana nembiri. Nehurombo kwatiri, inochiva nevatengesi vezvipfuyo nekuda kwerunako rwayo uye nehukama hwehukama. Iyi marmoset ndiyo yega mumiriri weiyo genus Cebuella. Hukuru hwayo hunenge 42 kusvika 14 centimita, kune iyo inowedzerwa iyo isiri-prehensile muswe inodarika kureba kwemuviri. Kudya kwavo kunosanganisira muto wezvimwe zvirimwa, michero uye zvipembenene. Dzimwe nguva inotodya madzvinyu.
Inoratidza jasi rinokatyamadza rakapetwa nemavara matema, eyero uye orenji. Musoro wake wakashongedzwa nerudzi rwebushy mane. Nechikonzero ichi inozivikanwawo seshumba tamarin. Haisati yaonekwa seyakatyisidzirwa, zvisinei nekuti kuderera kwayo kwakaratidza. Inogara kumusoro kweAmazon, inosanganisira nyika dzinotevera: Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia neBrazil.
Genus Callimico
Tsoko yaGoeldi, (Callimico goeldii), ndiye ega mumiriri weiyo genus Callimico. Inogara munharaunda shoma yeUpper Amazon, ine mienzaniso inowanikwa muColombia, Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador neBrazil. Kureba kwayo kunosvika 30 centimeters pamwe nemuswe wayo murefu unodarika kureba kwemuviri wayo.
Huremu hwayo huri pakati pe400 ne680 gramu. Bhachi rayo rakapfava uye rakakora muviri wese, kunze kwedumbu, iro rakanyanya kushomeka. Ruvara rwayo rwutema runopenya. Kudya kwavo kunosanganisira muto, nekita, tumbuyu uye fungi. Iri mungozi, sezvo ichivhimwa kuti ichengetwe semhuka inovaraidza.
Genus Leontopithecus
Iyi genus inoumbwa nemhando ina: pink lion tamarin; shumba ine musoro wendarama tamarin; shumba nhema tamarin uye shumba ine kumeso nhema tamarin. Mhando dzese idzi dziri panjodzi huru. Shumba yakatarisana nedema tamarin (Leontopithecus caissara) inoonekwa seyakashata. Inowanikwa muBrazil uye muviri wayo wese wakafukidzwa nejira gobvu regoridhe-ndarira, kunze kwechiso, muswe, maoko nemaoko, izvo zvitema.
Genus Callithtrix
Iyo Genus Callithrix inoumbwa nemhando dze6: common marmoset; tamarin ine nzeve nhema; black brush tamarin; buff-headed tamarin; tamarin ine nzeve chena uye tamarin yaGeoffroy. Mazhinji emhando idzi anowanikwa kuBrazil, uye ari munjodzi. Geoffroy's marmoset, (Callithrix geoffroyi), inonziwo white-headed marmoset, ndiyo inonyanya kufarirwa semhuka inovaraidza, sezvo kune nzvimbo dzekuberekera mhuka idzi. Haisi pasi pekutyisidzirwa.
Izvi zvakasiyana-siyana zvinogara kuBrazil, kunyanya kumadhipatimendi eMinas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro neEspírito Santo. Kureba kwayo kunosvika masendimita makumi maviri nemana, iyo inofanira kuwedzerwa muswe unoyera zvishoma kudarika urefu hwemuviri. Imhando inoshamisa, sezvo jasi rayo rakashongedzwa nemhando dzakasiyana dzematema, grey, chena uye orenji. Kumeso kwake kwakashongedzwa nebvudzi jena uye mapombi akabuda panzeve dzake.
Genus Mico
The genus Mico inoumbwa nemhando gumi nemana: silvery marmoset; white marmoset; black-tailed tamarin; Marmoset Brand; Snethlange's marmoset; tamarin ine musoro wakasviba; Manicore marmoset; Acari marmoset; tassel-nzeve tamarin; Aripuana marmoset; Rondon marmoset; goridhe uye dema marmoset; Maues tamarin uye white-faced tamarin.
Iyo silvery marmoset (Mico Argentatus) inoungana mumapoka evanhu vatanhatu kusvika gumi. Mukadzi ane simba chete ndiye ane kodzero yekubereka, sezvo achiburitsa pheromone inoita kuti mamwe makadzi asaite ovulation. Kureba kwayo kunenge 6 kusvika 10 centimita uye uremu hwayo hunosiyana kubva 18 kusvika 28 magiramu. Haisi pasi pekutyisidzirwa. Inogara kumadokero kweBrazil uye kumabvazuva kweBolivia. Kudya kwavo kunobva mazai, zvipembenene, michero, muto uye zvinokambaira.
Black-tailed Marmoset
Iyo black-tailed tamarin, (Mico melanurus) chikamu chejenasi Mico. Ndiyo yekumaodzanyemba kwese marmosets, sezvo ichigoverwa kumaodzanyemba kweBrazil, Paraguayan Chaco, uye kumabvazuva kweBolivia. Haisi pasi pekutyisidzirwa. Kureba kwayo kunosvika 22 centimita pamwe ne25 yemuswe wayo. Huremu hwayo hunosvika 380 gramu. Iine musana webrown une mavara machena pamuviri wayo, yakaganhurwa mativi ese nemitsetse michena. Muswe wayo unopenya mutema.
Genus Saguinus
Iyi genus ndiyo inonyanya kuwanda pakati pematamarin, sezvo inoumbwa nemhando gumi neshanu: bald tamarin; mwana mukaka tsoko; Panamanian tamarin; emperor tamarin; marbled tamarin; lipped tamarin; grey marmoset; Martins Tamarind; white-mantled tamarin; blonde-handed tamarin; mustachioed tamarin; black tamarin; tamarin mutsvuku; donje-yepamusoro tamarin uye yegoridhe-mantled tamarin.
Mambo tamarin (Saguinus imperator) anogara muBolivia, Peruvian uye Brazilian Amazon. Mashebvu ake makuru ndiwo akamupa zita panguva iyoyo, sezvo rairangarira ndebvu chaidzo dzaMambo weGermany William II. Muviri wayo unosvika masendimita makumi matatu, iyo inowedzerwa muswe usiri-prehensile ungangoita masendimita makumi mana. Mimwe mienzaniso inogona kurema kusvika ku30 gramu. Kudya kwavo kunosanganisira muto, michero, tumbuyu, mhuka dzine mwero, mazai, maruva nemashizha. Haisi pasi pekutyisidzirwa uye 40 subspecies inozivikanwa.
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