Dzidza kuburikidza neinotevera positi zvimwe zvishoma nezve kubudirira uye kune gakava hupenyu hwemuimbi wekuPoland Tamara Lempicka, anoonekwa somumwe wevanyori vane pesvedzero zvikuru munhau yeunyanzvi hwepasi rose.
Tamara Lempicka
Kuguma kweHondo Yenyika Yekutanga yakamiririra kune dzakawanda tsika shanduko inofadza izere nemanzwiro uye yakawanda yekuchinja, kunyanya kubva munharaunda uye zvematongerwo enyika. Nyika dzakaita seUnited States kana kunyange kondinendi yeEurope yakaona iyo inonzi "makore makumi maviri", apo kubatanidzwa kwevakadzi munharaunda kwakawana mhepo itsva.
Yakanga isiri nguva yekukura kwehupfumi chete uye kuwedzera tsika dzevatengi, asi vakadzi vakakwanisawo kuwana nhanho nyowani yerusununguko. Munyika dzakawanda pasi rose vaibvumirwa kodzero yekuvhota, nepo nhamba huru yevakadzi vakapinda mumabasa, nokudaro vachiwana rusununguko rwemari.
Rusununguko rwemari urwo vakadzi vakawanda vakanga vava kutanga kuwana mushure meHondo Yenyika Yekutanga yakakonzerawo zvimwe zvehupenyu hwemagariro evanhu. Yakashandura fashoni uye maitiro evakadzi. Chimwe chezviratidzo zvinomiririra zvenguva iyoyo uye izvo vakadzi vazhinji vanoziva nhasi ndiye "flapper".
Ndezvei? Mumwe mukadzi aipfeka zvipfeko zvisingaenderani, aiva nebvudzi pfupi, uye airarama upenyu hwokuzvifadza. Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti mhando dzevakadzi idzi ndidzo dzakashanda sechitubu chekukurudzira uye pesvedzero mubasa remuimbi ane mukurumbira wekuPoland Tamara de Lempicka, watichadzidza zvakawanda nezvake mune inotevera positi.
Aive mumwe weainyanya kumiririra maPolish artists panguva iyoyo. Vakawanda vakasvika pakumuziva pasi pezita remadunhurirwa re "baroness nebhurashi", uye pasina mubvunzo kuti Lempicka akazova mufananidzo weunyanzvi. Mukurumbira wake wakabva pazvidhori zvake uye mifananidzo yevakadzi mune yake inoyevedza art deco style.
Munhoroondo yayo yese, yakakwanisa kuita mabasa ehunyanzvi anoyemurika, ayo aizivikanwa, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, nekuratidza simba rakawanda rechikadzi uye hunhu. Kuburikidza nemifananidzo yake, Tamara Lempicka akaedza kupemberera rusununguko uye kusunungurwa kwevakadzi kwema1920.
Imwe yemitsara yake inofananidzira yaive: "Ini ndinorarama hupenyu kumucheto kwenzanga, uye yakajairika mitemo yenzanga haishande kune avo vanogara kumahombekombe"
Tamara de Lempicka ndiani?
Zvimwe veruzhinji vanomuziva saTamara de Lempicka, zvisinei iro rakanga risiri zita rake chairo. Paakaberekwa, vabereki vake vakamutumidza kuti Maria Gorska, zvisinei, nekufamba kwenguva vakawanda vakatanga kumutumidza kuti Tamara, zita rake rematambo.
Muimbi wekuPoland uyu akaberekwa muna Chivabvu 16, 1898. Akazvarwa mudhorobha muPoland rinonzi Warsaw. Aive mwanasikana wegweta rine mukurumbira rechiJudha ainzi Boris Gurwik-Gorski, ukuwo amai vake vaive mugari wemuPolish ainzi Malvina Decler.
Kufarira kwake nyika yehunyanzvi kwakatanga achiri mudiki. Zvinonzi akatanga kusangana nevenyanzvi achiri mudiki, kunyangwe aine makore gumi chete, akapenda mabasa ake ekutanga ehunyanzvi. Rimwe remabasa ake ekutanga raive mufananidzo waakaita wemunin'ina wake.
Kwenguva pfupi akanga ari pachikoro chebhodhingi muLausanne, Switzerland, zvisinei paakabva ikoko akafunga kuenda kunogara naambuya vake kuItaly, nyika yaimiririra zvikuru basa rake rokudhirowa, sezvo ndiko kwaakakwanisa. kuwana basa revapendi vakatanhamara venguva yeRenaissance.
Hupenyu hweiyi muimbi wePoland hwaigara huchiratidzwa nekunyomba uye kukakavara. Paakanga asati ava nemakore 16, akadanana zvikuru negweta rokuPoland, Tadeusz de Lempicka, waakaroorawo. Nokukurumidza pashure pomuchato wavo woumbozha muSt. Petersburg, murume waTamara akasungwa nevakuru vakuru vehurumende itsva yeBolshevik.
Kusungwa kwegweta Tadeusz de Lempicka hakuna kugara kwenguva refu nekuda kwemuimbi Tamara uyo akakurudzira vatapa kuti vamusunungure. Vaviri vachangochata vakatofanira kutiza Revolution yeRussia ndokuenda kuguta reParis, uko muimbi wePoland akatanga kudzidzisa hunyanzvi naMaurice Denis naAndré Lhote.
Hazvina kutora nguva yakareba kuti Tamara Lempicka ave imwe yeakanyanya kukosha mareferenzi muguta. Tarenda yake huru yakamuita kuti akunde matanho mazhinji pamwe chete nevamwe vane mukurumbira maartist vakaita saPablo Picasso, Jean Cocteau naAndré Gide.
Nyanzvi yePoland yakaramba vanyori venguva iyoyo, nokuti vaidavira kuti vakapenda ne "tsvina" mavara. Ndiyo nzira iyo Tamara Lempicka akasarudza kuti maitiro ake ekupenda aizoratidzwa nezvakatsva, zvinofadza, zvakachena uye zvinoyevedza.
"Chinangwa changu hachisi chekutevedzera, asi kugadzira chimiro chitsva, chine mavara akajeka uye akajeka, uye kunzwa kunaka kwemamodeli," akadaro muimbi.
Chokwadi ndechokuti Tamara Lempicka akanga asiri nguva dzose ane mukurumbira uye anoyemurwa muimbi. Munguva yemakore ake ehudiki uye chikamu chekukura kwake, mapendi ake akakwanisa kucherechedzwa neruzhinji, chokwadi, akazove mumwe wevakadzi vashoma vakakwanisa kurarama nebasa rake semuimbi.
Zvinosuruvarisa, mumakore ake ekupedzisira ehupenyu, basa raLempicka rakarasikirwa zvishoma nezvishoma kufarira kwevatsoropodzi, kunyanya nekuda kwekubuda kwemaitiro matsva emagetsi, kusanganisira North American abstract expressionism, mutorwa kune chero nzira yekufananidzira.
Pasinei nekuderera uku, mumakumi emakore akatevera basa raLempicka rave richirevererwa uye rakadzorerwa, uye nhasi ndiye mumwe wevanyori vanonyanya kutsvakwa muzana remakore rechiXNUMX. Hupenyu hwake nehunhu hwake hazvizivikanwi: iyo mythomania inogara muhunhu hwake yakamusundidzira kuti agadzire nyaya yake, umo chokwadi chiripo pamwe chete nekugadzirwa.
kumuka mukurumbira
Muiti wemifananidzo wokuPoland Tamara Lempicka akaita kumwe kuratidzwa kunokosha zvikuru kwokutanga kwebasa rake muguta reMilan mumakore gumi a 1925. Nokuda kwechiratidziro ichocho aifanira kupenda mifananidzo inenge 28 mumwedzi mitanhatu chete, chimwe chinhu chaimirira kwaari denho chaiyoiyo.
Kuedza kwese uye kuzvipira kwakaiswa naLempicka kwakabhadhara. Hazvina kutora nguva yakareba kuti muimbi atange kuratidza mabasa ake mune mamwe maberere ane mukurumbira muEurope. Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti kusangana kwake kukuru kwekutanga nekuzivikanwa kwakaitika paakaratidza basa rake paExhibition of Decorative Arts uye Modern Industries.
Yakanga iri chaiyo panguva yekuratidzira uku kuti vatori venhau vefashoni yeHarper's Bazaar vakawana basa rakanaka rakaitwa nemutambi Tamara Lempicka. Panenge panguva imwecheteyo akatumwa nemagazini yefashoni yeGerman, Die Dame, yaakapenda mufananidzo wake wemufananidzo, Tamara muGreen Bugatti (1929).
Pasina mubvunzo, iyi yekuzvimiririra inomiririra imwe yeanonyanya kuzivikanwa uye akakosha mubasa raTamara Lempicka, yakatoonekwa seimwe yemuenzaniso unonakidza weiyo art deco portrait pendi. Mubasa iri, Lempicka akazvipenda kuseri kwevhiri remota yegirinhi yeBugatti yemujaho, akapfeka ngowani yedehwe, magirovhosi machena marefu, uye akaputirwa nesikafu yesirika.
Ichokwadi ndechokuti Lempicka akanga asina Bugatti, asi diki yero Ranault, zvisinei, mufananidzo wacho unotora runako rwake, rusununguko rwake runotyisa uye hupfumi hwake. Kunyangwe chiri chokwadi kuti iyi yaive imwe yeanonyanya kuzivikanwa ega mapikicha pasirese, muimbi akakwanisawo kupenya nekuda kwemamwe mabasa akakosha anoramba achikanganisa zvizvarwa zvitsva.
zvinonyadzisa
Mukurumbira waTamara Lempicka haungori nekuda kwebasa rake rakanaka rakaitwa munyika yekupenda, asi akabatanidzwa mune zvisingaverengeki zvinonyadzisa nemakakatanwa muhupenyu hwake hwose, kunyanya panguva yaaigara muguta reParis, kunyanya munharaunda. Ma1920, apo yakave yakakurumbira nokuda kwepati dzayo dzoupengo nechishuvo chayo chisingagutswi chevatano nokuda kwavose vari vaviri varume navakadzi.
Paakashanda, akapenda mifananidzo yevapfumi nemukurumbira vemazuva iwayo, kusanganisira Mambokadzi Elizabeth weGreece, Mambo Alfonso XIII weSpain, uye mudetembi wokuItaly Gabriele d’Annunzio. Kupengereka kwaaiita kwakamukonzera matambudziko akawanda, kunyangwe muhupenyu hwake hwekuroora, zvekuti murume wake anofunga kumuramba nekuda kwezvinyadzi zvakamufukidza hupenyu hwake.
Tamara Lempicka wokuPoland aiva nemwanasikana mumwe chete, asi pasinei neizvi, akanga asingambomuoni kana kuva noukama hwakanaka naye. Vainyatsoita basa rokutarisira musikana muduku vaiva mbuya vake. Kupfuura chisungo chidiki chaivapo pakati paamai nemwanasikana, hazvigoni kurambwa kuti musikana wacho akanga asina kufa mune zvakawanda zvemifananidzo yake.
Pakati pemamwe mapendi aunogona kuona mwanasikana waTamara Lempicka ndeaya:
- Pink Kizette (1926)
- Kurara Kizette (1934)
- The Baroness Kizette (1954)
Kudzikira kweLempicka pakati peabstract expressionism
Imwe nguva mushure mekurambana nemurume wake wekutanga, muimbi wePolish Tamara Lempicka anosarudza kuzvipa mukana mutsva parudo. Pachiitiko ichi, akaroora Baron Kuffner, uyo akazova murume wechipiri wependi. Muchato pakati pevaviri wakaitwa muna 1933.
Makore mashoma varoorana, kunyanya muna 1939, Hondo Yenyika II isati yatanga, vaviri vacho vakasarudza kutamira kuUnited States. Ikoko kubudirira kwenyanzvi kwevaPolish kwaisazorega. Akaramba ari muimbi ane hunyanzvi uye airarama nekupenda mifananidzo yevazhinji nyeredzi dzeHollywood.
Zvisinei, mushure meHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, zvido zveunyanzvi zvevanhu zvakatanga kushanduka zvishoma, uye kudiwa kwemifananidzo yaLempicka yemifananidzo yakatanga kuderera zvakanyanya mukufarira abstract expressionism, iyo pasina mubvunzo yaizounza kushushikana kwakawanda muupenyu hwehupenyu. Polish artist.
Pakati pekupererwa kukuru, Tamara Lempicka anotora dambudziko rekupinda mubasa risinganzwisisike, achifunga kuti ndiyo yaive tsika yaidiwa neveruzhinji panguva iyoyo. Iye aitarisira kusimudzira chimiro chitsva ne spatula, zvisinei, basa rake idzva harina kuwana budiriro yaitarisirwa, zvekuti akarega kuiratidza pachena nguva pfupi yapfuura.
Makore gare gare, muimbi anosarudza kugara kwechinguva nemwanasikana wake muHouston, kunyangwe makore ake ekupedzisira ehupenyu haana kupedzerwa muUnited States asi muMexico, kunyanya muCuernavaca. Mexico yakava imba yekupedzisira yemuimbi wePoland, nyika yaaigara akatakura mumoyo make.
Kufa kwaTamara Lempicka yaive imwe yenhau dzinosiririsa uye dzinosiririsa kune vateveri vemuimbi. Akashaya muna 1980; uye nokuda kwake, mutumbi wake wakapiswa uye madota akapararira pamateru egomo rinoputika rePopocatepetl, nokudaro zvichigumisa basa rakanaka uye rinobudirira.
Resurgence uye nhaka
Pasinei nehupenyu hunonyadzisa hwaive naTamara Lempicka, basa guru raakaita munyika yekupenda harigoni kurambwa, zvekuti nhasi basa rake richiri kuyemurwa nezviuru zvevanhu pasi rose. Kufarira basa rake kwakatanga kumutsidzira muma1970, mushure mekuratidzira kwekare "Tamara de Lempicka kubva 1925-1935" yakaitirwa paLuxembourg Palace muParis muna 1972.
Muimbi akaberekerwa kuPoland akafa muma1980, uye nhasi, anopfuura makore makumi mana mushure memashoko aya anotyisa, basa rake richiri pakati peanoshuvira uye anoyemurwa pasi rose, kunyanya pakati pevanozivikanwa. Nyeredzi dzakawanda dzakazvipira kuunganidza mifananidzo yake, zvichiratidza kuyemura kukuru kwavanonzwa nebasa raLempicka.
Vamwe vevakakurumbira vanounganidza mabasa naTamara Lempicka ndiJack Nicholson, Barbara Streisand naMadonna. Mifananidzo yemukadzi wekuPoland inotoonekwa mune mamwe mavhidhiyo emimhanzi aMadonna, akadai saVogue, Vhura Mwoyo Wako uye Taura Wako.
Unogonawo kufarira zvinyorwa zvinotevera: