Kune huwandu hukuru hwemarudzi eTropical Shirds munyika, mazhinji ayo anogara munzvimbo dzesango kana padyo negungwa uko kudziya uye kunyorova kwemamiriro ekunze anovapa mamiriro akakwana ekukura kwavo. Tinokukumbira kuti uverenge chinyorwa ichi kuti uwane Shiri huru dzeTropical dzinomira nemukurumbira, nekuda kwerunako rwadzo uye humwe hunhu.
Mhedziso yeTropical Birds
Iwo ese ndiwo anouya kunyanya kubva kumasango anopisa eAmerica, Africa, South Asia neAustralia. Shiri idzi dzinosiyaniswa nekusiyana-siyana kwadzo, minhenga inoyevedza ine mavara anoshamisa nenziyo dzinoshamisa uye dzinoshamisa, dzimwe dzinotodziona dzichiita ruzha. Idzo omnivores dzinodya mbeu, michero uye tumbuyu. Mumasango anogara achinaya mvura mune zvipenyu zvisingaverengeki, mamwe acho ane mukurumbira zvikuru, akadai seturpial uye cardinal muVenezuela, quetzal mumasango eGuatemala, Mexico neCosta Rica, uko kunewo hummingbirds uye toucans.
Imwe nyika ine rudzi urwu rwezvipfuyo zvakakura iBrazil, kunyanya shiri yayo yepakutanga inonzi pendulum inobva musango rayo reAmazon, rudzi runogarawo mune mamwe mativi eCentral America uye zvitsuwa zveCaribbean. MuColombia, mhando dzayo dzinoda kuziva uye dzinogara dziripo ndeye red-billed toucan. Iyo yaco neshiri yerudo zvinobva kuAfrica. Nepo cockatoos nemaparakeets zvinobva kuAustralia. Uye saka kune dzimwe shiri dzakawanda dzine mukurumbira dzenzvimbo dzinopisa, dzatichakupa ruzivo rwese pazasi kuti iwe udzidze zvakawanda nezvadzo.
Shiri dzinopisa padzinochengetwa muutapwa, zvakakosha kufunga nezve nzvimbo, sezvo dzimwe shiri idzi dzinoda keji hombe kana aviary, nepo vamwe vangave nekeji diki, uye kuvimbisa kudya kune hutano Vanogona kupihwa. musanganiswa wemhodzi pamwe chete nekudya kwakawanda zvine zvimwe zvinodiwa pakudya kwakanaka uyezve mimwe michero nemiriwo.
muAustralia parakeet
Ishiri diki yekune dzimwe nyika yakaberekerwa kuAustralia, ine girinhi uye yero mavara ayo ari echinyakare, kune zvakare bhuruu, chena, grey kana mamwe mimvuri akakonzerwa nekuyambuka kweizvi. Inogona kubereka kaviri pagore muchirimo uye matsutso. Vanodya mbeu yeshiri, mapfunde, gorosi uye oats, vanopihwawo lettuce, chard, sipinachi, makarotsi, mabhanana kana maapuro. Pamusoro pezvo, iwe unofanirwa kuvhara zvavanoda zveiodine necalcium nekuzvitenga muzvitoro muindasitiri.
Padzinenge dziri munzvimbo dzadzo dzechisikigo, shiri dzemunzvimbo dzinopisa idzi dzinowanzoumba mapoka makuru mukati memwaka yokutama. Pamusoro pezvo, zvakakosha kuratidza kuti zvakapihwa kusarudzika kwekushamwaridzana zvakanyanya nevanhu, ndechimwe chemhando dzinonyanya kufarirwa mudzimba uye nekuti dzinoda kuchengetedzwa kwekutanga, sekuchinja kazhinji kwemvura muvanonwa uye kucheneswa kwemakeji avo. . Saizvozvowo, zvinofanirwa kutariswa kuti imhando inoberekana nekukurumidza.
golden conure
Rudzi urwu rweshiri dzemunzvimbo dzinopisa dzine runako rukuru uye rine chikamu chikuru chemuviri wayo chine minhenga yegoridhe yero inoshanduka kuita matani matsvuku-orenji. Huma, korona uye nape zvinopenya yero ine orange tones. Bright yellow color pajasi, musana uye torso. Yellow pamusoro pemuswe yakavharika ine minhenga yebhuruu isingazivikanwe. Green bheji ine mazano ebhuruu nemapapiro emukati; madiki uye epakati cache, yero ane mavara akasiyana egirinhi; zvivharo zvihombe zvakati piriviri-ruvara, zvivharo zvekutanga zvebhuruu.
Manhenga ekubhururuka, egirinhi kumusoro, maprimaries ane matipi ebhuruu uye mashizha emukati, greyish brown pazasi. Yellow (kana orenji uye yero) undertail coverts. Huro ndeyeorenji ine yellow cast pachipfuva chepamusoro, uku kuzasi chipfuva nedumbu zviri orenji. Pamusoro, muswe wacho unonyanya kuita yero yegirini ine matipi ebhuruu; pazasi, ipfumbu neruvara rweyero. Bhiri rayo rine rima rakati piriviri kusviba, iris ine brown yakasviba, uye ine makumbo matsvuku.
Vanowanzogara mumasavanna, mumasango akaoma nemichindwe, uye dzimwe nguva munzvimbo dzine mafashamo kusvika ku1200 m. Vanongoyambuka nzvimbo dzakavhurika zvakanyanya kana vachifamba pakati penzvimbo dzesango. Ishiri dzemunzvimbo dzinopisa dzinowanzoonekwa mumapoka evanhu 30 kana kupfuura. Kana kuri kuberekana, zvinogona kunzi inogara mumakomba emiti kana michindwe muine nhiyo imwe chete. Avhareji ye clutch size 3 kusvika 4 mazai, ayo anovharirwa kwemwedzi umwe. Izvi zvingangoita makumi mana kubva muzana kudarika dzimwe shiri zvichienzaniswa nekukura kwemazai.
Kudya kweshiri dzemunzvimbo dzinopisa idzi hakuna kunyorwa zvakanaka, kunyangwe kuine chikafu chinowanikwa munharaunda semichero, michero, kana maruva. Zvimwe zvekudya zvinozivikanwa zvinosanganisira nyemba, red cacti, uye pamwe Malpighia berries. Panyaya yekuparadzirwa kwavo kwenzvimbo, vanowanikwa kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweSouth America, kubva kuGomo reRoraima kuchamhembe kweBrazil kwakanyanyisa, nzvimbo dziri padyo neSierra de Pacaraima muVenezuela nekuchamhembe kweGuyana, kusvika kuRwizi rwePomeroon, kumabvazuva kusvika nekuSuriname neFrench Guiana. kuenda kuBrazil kuAmapá.
Kunyangwe ivo vakaonekwawo muPará nekumabvazuva kweAmazon (kumavirira kwakatenderedza Rio Branco uye munharaunda kumaodzanyemba kweAmazon, kubva kuSantarém kuenda kunharaunda yeRio Canumá). Zvisinei, vanogona kunzi vakajairika. Sporadic zvinyorwa zvinoratidza kuvepo kweshiri iyi munzvimbo yakakura yerudzi rwayo. Inochengetwa munharaunda seshiri inopfuyiwa uye inotorwa kuitira kutengeswa kweshiri mhenyu.
hyacinth macaw
Shiri yerudzi urwu ndiyo imwe yeshiri hombe uye ine ruvara rwakasiyana, kazhinji yebhuruu yakadzika, ine mithunzi yakasiyana-siyana. Mapapiro nemuswe pazasi mutema. Nheyo yemuromo uye mhete yeperiocular ine tint ine bluish zvishoma. Mboro yacho yakareba chaizvo uye mboro yayo nhema yakasimba yakakombama uye yakanongedza. Mhando yakafanana asi duku inonzi Anodorhynchus glaucus, iyo yakatsakatika kutanga kwezana remakore rechiXNUMX, ingave yakaitika muBolivia.
Kune rumwe rutivi, inonakidzwa nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzekugara dzakazara nemiti yemichindwe yakakura-mbeu, iyo inodya. Musango rekuchamhembe kweBrazil, inofarira masango epasi uye maumbirwo emwaka ane mwando ane nzvimbo dzakacheneswa. Asi munzvimbo dzakaoma inogara munzvimbo dzakatenuka dzakachekwa nemipata ine matombo, ine materu nemiti yakavharika inodonha, masango emasango nemachakwi ane Mauritia flexuosa. Munharaunda yePantanal, shiri dzinowanzogara musango rine michindwe munzvimbo dzakafukidzwa nehuswa hwakanyorova. Sezviri pachena, inoita mafambiro ekufambisa. Inowanzoonekwa vari vaviri vaviri, mapoka emhuri kana mapoka maduku.
Nezvekuberekana kwadzo, tinogona kutaura kuti dzinogara mumakomba makuru emiti, mumikaha yematombo emawere ekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweBrazil. Miti inofarirwa nekugara muMato Grosso, Brazil inosanganisira Enterolobium neSterculia striata. Kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweBrazil, kugara kwedendere kunowanikwa mumiti yemichindwe yakafa yeMauritius kana pamawere. Vanowanzo kukandira zai rimwe kana maviri, kunyange zvazvo pwere imwe chete inowanzorarama kana zai rechipiri rikachochonya mazuva mashomanana mushure mekutanga.
Nekune rumwe rutivi, zvakakosha kuziva kuti incubation nguva inotora unenge mwedzi uye murume achachengeta mumwe wake paanenge achifurira mazai. Vana vaduku vanogara nevabereki vavo kusvikira vava nemwedzi mitatu. Idzi dzinobva dzakura uye dzinotanga kubereka pazera remakore manomwe. Uyezve, zvakakosha kuratidza kuti nguva yekuberekesa inobva munaAugust kusvika kuDecember, zvichida zvishoma gare gare munzvimbo dzePantanal.
Kudya kwavo kunonyanya kuve nzungu, inowanikwa munharaunda kubva kumichindwe yakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira Maximiliana regia, Orbignya martiana neAstrocaryum, kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweBrazil, kubva kuSyagrus coronata neOrbignya eicherir, munzvimbo dzine machakwi kubva kuScheelea phalerata neAcrocomia. Nzungu dzemapalm dzinotorwa kubva muchirimwa kana kubva muvhu pacharo (kunyanya mushure memoto kana padzinowanikwa sezvisara zvisina kugezwa mutsvina yemombe). Mimwe michero iyo ruzivo rwuripo ndeye Ficus sp., pamwe nePomacea aquatic molluscs. Shiri dzinonwa mvura kubva mumichero yegirinhi yemichindwe.
Kugoverwa kwayo kunosanganisira mukati meCentral South America, pamwe munzvimbo dzakakura dzakasiyana. MuAmazon Basin muPará kubva kuRwizi rweTapajós, kumabvazuva kwenzvimbo inobata Tocantins, maodzanyemba, pamwe kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweTocantins. Parizvino zvisati zvaitika, Amazon yekuchamhembe (muAmapá, Amazonas neRoraima, Brazil) uye pamwe mimwe mienzaniso inogona kugara, kunyangwe pasina marekodhi achangoburwa anozivikanwa. Zvakare yakagoverwa kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweBrazil, zvakanyanya kana zvishoma pakati peChapadas das Mangabeiras microregion panosangana Maranhao, Piauí, Goiás, neBahía, Brazil (Gerais region).
Huwandu hwechitatu hwakakosha hwakaiswa munzvimbo dzine machakwi munzvimbo yepamusoro yeRwizi rweParaguay kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweMato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil uye inosvika yakabatana yekumabvazuva kweBolivia uye zvakanyanya kuchamhembe kweParaguay. Zvinonzi zvingangoitika kuRwizi rweMapori kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweColombia (Vaupés). Zvakawanda asi pamwe mafambiro emwaka muAmazon zvine chekuita neecology yezvirimwa zvavanodya pazviri. Nharaunda iri pakati pekugovera kukuru kutatu iripo inogona kunge ichiri kugarwa, kunyangwe maitiro achangoburwa anoita senge anoratidza kuti izvi hazvingaite.
Parrot Chiripepe
Kana tichitsanangura rudzi urwu rweshiri dzemunzvimbo dzinopisa, zvinogona kucherechedzwa kuti ine bhendi rakamanikana uye rakasvibira dzvuku remberi rine minhenga mitsvuku inopenya kuseri kwecere, madzishe matema, minhenga yedama nekorona, giriyi yegirini ine matipi matema; zvinovhara nzeve muorivhi mutema. Kumusoro kune huswa hwakasvibirira nekanzvimbo kadiki katsvuku kuzasi. Mavara ekutanga akaita bhuruu-ruvara rwegirinhi, bapiro rakavharira uswa hwakasvibirira, mimwe minhenga dzimwe nguva yakasvibirira nemuorivhi.
Kana ari machira ekutanga, ari ebhuruu kumatande okunze, uye akasvibira mukati memukati, ane rima guru; dzechipiri, kune rumwe rutivi, dzakawanda dzakasvibira. Mativi emutsipa, huro nechipfuva, muorivhi shava, minhenga yebrown iri pasi pevhu uye matipi matema, zvichipa iyo yese scaly effect. Chikamu chezasi chezamu chakasvibira chine kavara kebrown pakati pedumbu, mativi, zvidya uye undertail coverts green. Pamusoro, muswe wakasvibirira mubasal half, tinged bronze kusvika kune dzvuku toni pamigumo; pazasi, muswe wakasvibira.
Shiri yerudzi urwu ine gireyi, dzimwe nguva inopenya pazasi pemandible, yellowish cere, white grey orbital ring, uye iris yakasvibira. Mukuwedzera, inofanira kuonekwa kuti makumbo ayo akasviba grey. Zvinogona kucherechedzwa kuti maitiro ekunze uye emuviri eese varume akafanana. Kamwana kadiki kasina ruvara rwebrown padumbu. Immature paler pane munhu mukuru ane iris yakasviba. Dzinosanganisira nzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana dzekugara dzemasango, masango, mipendero, uye machakwi, kusanganisira asara mapeche earaucaria.
MuParaguay Chaco, dzinoratidzika kunge dzakaganhurirwa kunzvimbo dzinokura dziri pedyo neRwizi rweParaguay nemikova yarwo mikuru. Kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweBrazil vanowanwa zvikurukuru mumakomo ari pamamita 1.400 1.000 pamusoro pemwero wegungwa; mune mamwe mativi enzvimbo dzakaderera kusvikira kuanenge mamita 6 12, uko asingachinji kudzongonyedzo, anotoshanyira mapaki omumaguta mumaguta eAsunción, Rio de Janeiro neSão Paulo uye anodyira muminda yemichero (Rio Grande do Sul). Dzinogara pamwe chete, kazhinji mumapoka eshiri 40-XNUMX kusvika kuXNUMX.
Dzinogara mugomba remuti. Nguva yekuberekesa inosanganisira mwedzi waGumiguru kusvika Zvita. Kusangana kwe5-6 mazai. Hadzi inofukura yoga kwemazuva anoda kusvika makumi matatu. Pwere dzinosiya dendere pashure pemazuva anenge 30, pashure pacho dzinoramba dzichipiwa zvokudya nenhengo dzose dziri mbiri dzevaviri vacho. Kudya kwayo kunosanganisira pulp yeEuterpe edulis, mbeu dzeSchinus, Xylopia, Cecropia, Croton, Miconia, ficus, Psidium uye Pinus; Ambrosia uye Vernonia maruva uye Protium Aril. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, Araucaria inzvimbo yakakosha yekudya.
Mukuwedzera, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti inopararira kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweSouth America, kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweBrazil uye kuchamhembe kweArgentina. MuBrazil, vanogona kucherechedzwa kubva kumaodzanyemba kweBahia pamusoro penyika dzemahombekombe kusvika kuRio Grande do Sul uye kumadokero kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweMinas Gerais uye kumaodzanyemba kweMato Grosso vachipfuura neParaguay (kuwedzerwa kwezvinyorwa kunoratidza kuvepo kwavo mu kure kumadokero), kuchamhembe kweUruguay uye kuchamhembe kweArgentina, muMisiones, Corrientes, Formosa, Chaco uye munguva yakapfuura zvishoma nezvishoma kuchamhembe kweSanta Fe uye kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweBolivia.
Cacique parrots, zvakare shiri dzine mukurumbira dzinopisa
Rudzi urwu haruna kukanganisa nekuda kwemavara ayo anopenya. Iine huma yakaita yero-chena nekorona, inopera kuseri kweshava ine mitsetse yakacheneruka pamhatso, uye ine mipendero ine minhenga yakareba, yakaita semapete ari burgundy dzvuku kuzasi uye neblue yakajeka kumazano. Maparrots ebrown ane matama ebrown, huro, mativi emutsipa uye tsiye, ane mitsetse yeyellowish tones. Nhengo dzepamusoro dzakasvibira. Mapapiro epakati uye madiki akavharika akasvibira ane rima rebhuruu primary coverts.
Blackish primaries, girini secondaries vane rima matipi. Nechepasi, mapapiro egirinhi, minhenga yekubhururuka matema. Chifuva chegirini nemativi edumbu; burgundy tsvuku yepakati yezamu uye dumbu rakaputirwa nebhuruu, richigadzira bhuruu uye tsvuku streak effect, dzimwe nguva ine girinhi shoma, kunyanya pazamu repamusoro; zvidya uye undertail coverts green. Pamusoro, muswe wakasvibira nemazano ebhuruu, minhenga yebhuruu yekunze pamadandemutande ekunze uye yakavanzwa mutsvuku pazasi pematande emukati; pazasi, muswe mutema. Bhiri rakasviba, rakajeka kumuromo, dema cere, yero iris, uye rima grey makumbo.
Shiri yerudzi urwu inogara mumasango anonaya mvura yakawanda uye inofarira nzvimbo dzine ivhu rakaoma, kusanganisira nzvimbo isina kuerera kana zvikomo (zvichida nekuda kwemhando dzakasiyana dzezvirimwa dzavanodya pazviri). Sezviri pachena inodzivisa masango eVárzea, kumucheto kwesango, uye nzvimbo dzisina miti, asi kune mushumo weshiri dziri mumasango akazara mumigero yoRwizi rweMorona, Peru, uye dzinodya zvikurukuru mumasango ari mumhenderekedzo dzegungwa muVenezuela. Inosvika zvisingaite 400 metres kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweColombia uye 200 metres muVenezuela.
Hazviwanzo kuwanikwa mumapoka makuru, akaparadzaniswa kuva maviri kana mapoka maduku e3-4. Kashoma kusvika 10. Prehatching aggregations inoita kunge ichatsemuka kuita mapatya kana matatu panotanga kuita dendere. Vanogara pamusoro pemiti mumapoka maduku (zvichida zvakare vari voga mumakomba emiti). Feeds kunyanya mucanopy. Zvakare, ivo havana kunyanya kushamwaridzana. Vanoratidza chitarisiko chakafanana neraptor, vachiratidzira minhenga kuseri kwemisoro yavo senge feni.
Dzinogara mumiti ine mhango, kusanganisira dendere rehuni rekare, semuenzaniso mutsipa mutsvuku (Campephilus rubricollis). Kurumidza kubhururuka mapapiro, zvichiteverwa nekudzika zvinyoronyoro, zvinokonzeresa kubhururuka kwekuratidzira kwakadzama mukati memwaka wekubereka. Kubereka kunoitika pakati paKurume-Chikumi muVenezuela; January-March muGuyana; February-April muSuriname; pakati paZvita-Kukadzi, muBrazil. Inodya mashizha uye nhungirwa dzeBombacopsis, michero isina kukura yeDialium, michero yeEuterpe, Attalea, fagifolia, Astrocaryum. Inodyawo inga uye magwavha munzvimbo dzinorimwa.
Muchidimbu, zvinogona kucherechedzwa kuti ishiri ine njere, inotamba uye yakanaka kwazvo. Zvisinei, pasinei nekukwezva kwayo kusingarambiki, haisi mhando yakanaka yekuchengeta muhusungwa. Vanotya zvakanyanya uye dzimwe nguva izvi zvinoreva kuti vanodzura kana kuruma minhenga yavo zvichikonzera kukanganisa. Iwo maparrots ane ruzha zvakanyanya uye kuva nekopi kumba hakuratidzike kushiviririka, asi muyedzo wakaoma wekushivirira kwedu.
Toucan
Iri imwe yeshiri dzinopisa dzinobva kuchamhembe kweAmerica, ine minhenga mitema yakasiyana neyero yakakomba pamutsipa, muromo wayo muhombe une ruvara runogona kusvika pachikamu chimwe muzvitatu chehukuru hwayo (anenge masendimita gumi nemana). Ndidzo shiri dzine muromo mukuru pakuenzanisa nedzimwe shiri dzemunzvimbo dzinopisa. Ine mapapiro madiki, mapfupi uye akatenderedzwa. Muswe une mativi mana emhando. Maziso akakomberedzwa neganda iro dzimwe nguva rine ruvara rwakajeka.
Kune rimwe divi, ivo vakarongedzerwa pasi pePiciformes odha uye mhuri yeRamphastidae. Izvi zvinosanganisira 6 genera uye anenge makumi mana marudzi. MaToucan anoyera pakati pe40 ne18 cm uye Toco toucan ndiyo hombe. Iyo toucan inogara musango asi dzimwe nguva inofarira uye inoenda kumasango ane hunyoro uye kunyange nzvimbo dzinotonhora. Inogara pamusoro pemiti yemasango anogara achinaya mvura, anopisa, uye akadzikama. Nzvimbo yaro inotangira kuMexico, kuburikidza neCentral America, kusvika kuchamhembe kweColombia nekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweVenezuela.
Bhiri racho haringoshandi chete kuzvidzivirira, rinoshandiswawo kubata michero nemiriwo inowanikwa muhunde dzakatetepa. Kuwedzerwa tumbuyu kana zvimwe zvisikwa zvidiki, kusanganisira dzimwe shiri nemazai adzo. Pamusoro pezvo, vane hushamwari, vanogara mumapoka enhengo dzinosvika gumi nembiri. Huzhinji hwehupenyu hwadzo hunoperera mumiti, saka hadzisi shiri dzinotama uye dzinowanzowanikwa dziri mbiri kana mapoka madiki. Shiri dzemunzvimbo dzinopisa idzi dzinogara mumakomba emiti uye dzinokandira mazai machena maviri kusvika mana uye nguva yekuyamwisa imazuva 2 kusvika ku4, zvose hono nehadzi dzinoachengeta.
Pakuzvarwa, vana vanenge vasina minhenga uye vanoramba vakavhara maziso kweanenge mavhiki matatu. Dzinogara mudendere kwemavhiki masere kusvika mapfumbamwe uku muromo wadzo uchinyatsokura uye uchigadzirira kubhururuka. Pavadiki, vane bhiri pfupi pane vakuru, asi pane musiyano mudiki mumapapiro nezera kana bonde. Mavara adzo akajeka anoabvumira kupindirana nechiedza chakasviba chemusango. Zvisinei, shiri idzi dzinowanzoita maungira akashata kana kuti kurira kwechinyakare, zvichiratidza kuti hadzisi kuedza kuramba dzakavanda.
Pakusiyanisa rudzi rumwe norumwe rwerudzi urwu rweshiri dzinopisa, panogona kutaurwa nezvekusiyana-siyana kwemaitiro ayo maererano neminhenga yaro kana muromo wayo. Semuenzaniso, zvinozivikanwa kuti avo vanogara munzvimbo yeAmazons neAndes ndivo vakakura, vanosvika inopfuura hafu yemamita pakureba. Zvisinei, kune mamwe maduku, akadai se<em>aracari, inogara mumasango ane unyoro eCentral America uye kuchamhembe kwekondinendi yeSouth America.
Kunyange zvazvo shiri iyi iine nhamba huru yemarudzi, marudzi maviri akanyanya kuwanda, iri panjodzi huru. Dzave dzichivhimwa zvine mwero, asi chikonzero chikuru chadziri munjodzi huru kuparara kwenzvimbo. Kutemwa kwemasango, kusvibiswa, kukura kwenzvimbo dzemaguta uye biopiracy ndezvimwe zvezviratidziro zviri pachena. Parizvino, mhuka iyi iri mungozi yekuparara nekuda kwekushanduka kwekugara uye kunonoka kubereka kutenderera iyo inongokandira mazai maviri pagore uye iyo yakaoma kuwana nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.
Galerita Cockatoo
Imhando yeshiri hombe dzinopisa dzine minhenga michena kazhinji. Muvanhu vakuru, nzeve inoputika, mutsipa uye dama minhenga yakacheneruka, mupendero wakaumbwa ne6 erectile minhenga yakarerekera kumberi, ndeyeyero. Muromo unogona kureba kusvika masendimita gumi nemana. Nechepasi pemapapiro nemuswe zvine yellow yellow. Mhete yakapoteredza ziso inoratidza ruvara ruchena. Iyo iris ine ruvara rwakasvibira mumurume uye dzvuku dzvuku mumukadzi. Bhiri racho rakasviba grey, makumbo egrey. Vechidiki havatombosiyanise irises yavo ndeye brown brown.
Idzo dzine ruzha uye dziri nyore kuona, kunyange zvazvo dzichinyanya kuzivikanwa nekuchema kwadzo. Munguva yekuberekesa dzinogara dziri mbiri kana mapoka emhuri maduku, asi gore rose dzinogara mumapoka anogona kusvika mumazana. Vanozvibata nenzira yakajairwa mumadhorobha uye munzvimbo dzine mafeeders. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzinomutsa fungidziro dzavo dzenguva dzose namanomano, dzakaoma zvikuru kusvika. Munzvimbo dzakavhurika, shiri idzi dzinoshandisa hurongwa hwekuchengetedza hwakarongeka sezvinotevera: nepo vazhinji veboka vari kudya, dzimwe shiri dzinotarisa kubva kune imwe nzvimbo iri pedyo uye dzinowanzoridza alarm kana pane ngozi.
Inowanikwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzine matanda, masango (kusanganisira machakwi uye nzvimbo dziri pedyo), mangrove, ivhu rakavhurika, panzvimbo yekurima (kusanganisira minda yemupunga neminda yemichindwe), savannas, mallee, nenzvimbo dzepasi pevhu. Yakawanikwa inosvika 1500 metres munzvimbo dzeAustralia, 2400 metres muPapua New Guinea. MuAustralia, mwaka wekusangana uri pakati paChivabvu naNyamavhuvhu kuchamhembe uye pakati paNyamavhuvhu naNdira kumaodzanyemba. MuNew Guinea inoitika mukati memwedzi yose yegore, kunyange zvazvo mwedzi inoshanda zvikuru iri pakati paMay naDecember.
Mhuka iyi dzimwe nguva inoberekera mumapoka. Dendere imhango yechisikigo mumuti mukuru weeucalyptus pedyo nerukova rwuri pakati pemamita matatu nemakumi matatu kubva pasi. Dzimwe nguva nzvimbo yekugara iri mumakomba mumawere eraimu pedyo neMurray River. Muchiitiko ichi, mazai anoiswa zvakananga pajecha. MuNew Zealand, shiri idzi dzinowanikwa pakati pemabhero euswa mumatanga. Dendere kazhinji rine mazai matatu machena. Izvi zvakaiswa muchikamu chemarara ari kuora pazasi pegomba.
Kune rumwe rutivi, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti, mukati megadziriro yokukura, vabereki vose vari vaviri vanoita kudaro vachichinjana kwenguva yamazuva makumi matatu. Vana vane ruvara rweyero uye vanobva mudendere mushure memavhiki matanhatu kusvika mapfumbamwe. Mukuwedzera, zvinogona zvakare kutaurwa kuti, nguva dzose, shiri dzinopisa idzi dzinodzokera mudendere kuzozorora kwemavhiki maviri. Vaduku vanoramba vari muboka remhuri kwemwedzi inoverengeka. Vanodya pamwe chete mumapoka maduku akapararira.
Kana iri yekudya kwavo, inoumbwa nemishonga uye uswa, pamwe chete nezvimwe zviyo zvegorosi uye gorosi. Inodyawo mishonga inokuvadza yakaita semukaka wemukaka. Zvimwe zvekudya zvinosanganisira: midzi, rhizomes, nzungu, mabheri, maruva, mababu, maruva, uye zvipembenene. Vanogona kukonzera kukanganisa kukuru kune zvirimwa. Vanochera muvhu richangorimwa vachidya muchero wakaibva, izvi zvinokuvadzawo zvirimwa zvakachengetwa uye mabhero euswa kwavanobvarura purasitiki.
Kune rumwe rutivi, tinogona kutaura kuti, maererano nekugoverwa kwenzvimbo, mhuka iyi inowanikwa kuchamhembe nekumabvazuva kweAustralia, New Guinea uye zvitsuwa zvakavakidzana, kunyanya Aru Islands, Indonesia. Yakatengeswa kunze kwenyika kuPalau Islands muMicronesia, New Zealand, uye mamwe eMoluccas. Huwandu hweTaiwanese hunofungidzirwa kunge hunosvika zana hwakaunzwa kubereka vaviri vaviri. Anogara zvakanyanya pasi pe100 m, asi anogona kupota achionekwa muAustralia pa1000 m uye 1500 m kumabvazuva kweNew Guinea.
Flag Cockatoo
Inosiyaniswa necrest yayo inoshamisa inogadzirwa neminhenga gumi nenhanhatu yakareba inokona kumberi. Minhenga iyi ine hwaro hwakafara nepakati pepingi zvishoma pane yero-tsvuku. Magumo ekumusoro ecrest akachena. Imwezve minhenga yakatenderedzwa inokura pamusoro peziso, ichiita chigadziko chichena kana krete yasimudzwa. Kumberi kunoyambuka nebhendi rakanaka rakatsvuka. Kumeso, mutsipa nepasi zvine ruvara rwesalmon, zvichipera kuita chena pamakavha.
Manhenga ekubhururuka nemuswe akachena uye salmon inopinda nechepasi. Muromo anenge akachena. Midziva yakasvibira uye makumbo ane grey. Mukadzi akafanana newake, asi akareruka salmon-pink musoro uye nechepasi. Mutsetse weyero unoshongedza chinyorwa unopenya uye wakafara. Chikamu chepamusoro chedumbu chichena pane salmon pink. Irises dzakatsvuka pink. Vana vaduku vakafanana nehadzi. Mutsetse wemberi wakatsvukira orenji, iris yebrown.
Nezvemafambiro eshiri idzi dzinopisa, zvinogona kutaurwa kuti mbiri idzi ndidzo huru dzekugarisana, asi dzinoramba dzichisangana nedzimwe dzisiri dzinoberekana kuburikidza nekuumbwa kwemapoka. Kunze kwemwaka wokuberekesa, kunowanzova nemapoka maduku eshiri gumi kusvika ku10. Kuungana kukuru kunoitwa munguva dzokusanaya kwemvura kana kuti zvokudya zvinenge zvakawanda. Muchiitiko ichi, panogona kunge kune vanhu zana. Nzvimbo dzakajairika dzinogarwa kunze kwemwaka wekuberekesa uye shiri dzinobva mambakwedza.
Vanotsvaka zvokudya mumiti uye pasi. Dzichifamba pasi, dzinofamba zvishoma nezvishoma kuti dzinzvenga uswa hurefu. Muboka, shiri imwe nguva dzose inoita basa romurindi. Inotora maitiro ekuchenjerera, ichikwenya chikamu chayo, uye inogara ichitora zororo panguva iyo inomira kureba ichicherechedza zvakaipoteredza. Pakati pekupisa kwemasikati, inovanda mumashizha emiti. Munguva yezhizha, nguva yekuzorora yakareba. Shiri dzakabatana dzinogara dziri pedyo kune imwe neimwe. Munguva dzekupisa kwakanyanya, shiri iyi inoshanyira nzvimbo dzemvura, pakuvira kwezuva, inodzoka.
Huwandu hwayo hunogoverwa pamusoro penzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana dzemasango munzvimbo dzakaoma kana dzakaoma. Mhuka idzi dzine hukama zvakanyanya nenzvimbo dzemallee. Iwo anowanikwa kunyanya mukusimazve masango emisipiresi uye eucalyptus, mumivhenganiswa yezvikamu zveeucalyptus uye casuarinas kana pedyo nemawere. Kuvapo kwavo munzvimbo kunonyanya kukonzerwa nekuvapo kwenzvimbo yemvura. Nekune rimwe divi, rinoratidza kusasimba kwakanyanya kune nzvimbo dzekugara dzakapatsanuka uko isingagare kwenguva refu.
Nguva yekuyamwisa inotangira Nyamavhuvhu kusvika Zvita. Cockatoos vanodzokera kunzvimbo dzavo dzekugara. Dendere mhango rinogashira kuvandudzwa: musuwo unokwidziridzwa uye wakafukidzwa nejira remashavings matsva akaiswa pazasi pedendere. Matendere anenge anogara ari kure kubva kune mumwe nemumwe, ari chinhambwe chingangoita 2 km. Kukandira kune mazai ari pakati pe2 ne5 anoiswa pakati pemazuva maviri ne2. Incubation inoitwa nevabereki vese, inotanga mushure mekuiswa kwezai rechitatu uye inotora mazuva makumi maviri nematatu ne3.
Manhiyo anoramba ari muzasi mebako kwemazuva 57 uye anodyiswa nehono nehadzi. Mhuri yacho inogara pedyo nedendere kusvikira mwana wokupedzisira abva mudendere. Vanobva vabatana nemamwe mapoka emhuri uko zvokudya zvinokwana. Muzviitiko zvisingawanzoitiki, cockatoo mureza inomanikidzwa kudzinga vaviri vakatanga kuisa mazai mudendere ravo, asi iyi fomu yeparasitism inogonawo kubudirira.
Vanodya mbeu, huswa, zviyo, uye kazhinji mavise. Vanodya zvakare maonde emuno manyoro, mapineapples, mhodzi dzeeucalyptus, hanyanisi, nzungu, midzi, tumbuyu nemakonye. Panguva uye pashure pokudyisa, shiri idzi dzinounganidza mapazi nezvimedu zvemakwati uye dzinogadzira mvura yemapuranga mujinga memiti. Uyezve, kana kupisa kwakanyanya, vanowedzera kuwanda kwekushanya kwavo kumakomba ekudiridza. Shiri idzi dzinowanikwa kuAustralia uye simba radzo guru riri kuMaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumavirira kweQueensland uko kwakapararira neSouth Australia uko kwadzinogara.
Cuban Aratinga, imwe yeshiri dzinopisa
Iine muromo wakasimba, wakakochekera, uchiratidza kugona kwezvose zviri zviviri kumusoro nepasi kufamba, izvo zvinoita kuti parrot iyi isvunure nekupwanya mhodzi, michero nenzungu dzakadonhedzwa nedzimwe shiri dzakawanda, zvichiratidza chimwe chinhu chinobudirira cheshiri iyi yepasi. . Makumbo ayo ane hunyanzvi hwekubatisisa hunoita kuti itore zvinokatyamadza uye kubata panzvimbo dzakanyanyisa nekuda kwekurongwa kwechigunwe chine zvigunwe zviviri kumberi, 2 ne3, uye zviviri kumashure, 1 uye 4.
Musoro wayo, mativi emutsipa, uye mutsipa zvakasvibirira uswa zvine minhenga mitsvuku mishoma yakapararira dzimwe nguva inoita makwapa. Uswa hwakasvibirira upperwing caps uye murindi, wekutanga uye wechipiri ane rima rakasvibira matipi uye miganho kutora mukati; carpal mupendero une minhenga mitsvuku yakapararira uye bapiro rayo rakakombama uye rakatsvuka. Mafunhiro epasi ane minhenga yekubhururuka yegoridhe-ruvara, akavharika matsvuku madiki uye epakati, uye maolive-yero akavharika makuru.
Yellow-green underparts ine ruvara rwakakura rwemuorivhi, dzimwe nguva ine minhenga mitsvuku iri yoga, kunyanya pamutsipa nezvidya. Pamusoro pemuswe girini yakasvibira ine muorivhi tint, pasi peyellowish brown. Bhuru-ruvara rwakajeka, bluish-white orbital ring, yero iris, uye makumbo akashava. Hadzi ine ruvara rweorenji rwakawanda pamapapiro. Vana vechidiki vane girinhi uye dzvuku pasi pemavharo emukati, yero (kwete tsvuku) yegumbo margin, grey irises, uye isina yakapararira minhenga mitsvuku.
Iri kirasi yeshiri dzinopisa dzinogara mu savanna, kunyanya munzvimbo idzo Copernicus uye Thrinax michindwe yakajairika, kumucheto kwemasango uye munzvimbo dzine miti yakawanda. Zvisinei, pane uchapupu hwakanaka hwokuti dzakawanikwa munzvimbo dzakati gadzirisiki, dzakadai semasango eeucalyptus munzvimbo dzisina miti uye zvidimbu zvesango zvakasvibirira mumasango emichindwe. Uyezve, zvinogona kutaurwa kuti mhuka idzi dzinorarama chete pedyo nenzvimbo huru dzesango.
Imwe yematambudziko makuru ekubereka erudzi urwu kutsvaga matendere uye kuakwikwidza. Idiki, saka kunaka kwayo kwepanyama pamusoro pedzimwe shiri kudzibvisa kubva mumatendere ishoma uye dzinofanira kuratidza hukasha hwakanyanya kuti dzikwanise kudzinga mhashu uye kunyange dzimwe shiri diki dzemhuka. Zvisinei, zvidzidzo zvenguva pfupi yapfuura zvinoratidza kuti muhupenyu hwekusununguka rudzi urwu haruna chiyero chepamusoro chekusarudza nekuda kwekukwirira kwemuchindwe umo uchaita dendere kana kudzika kwedendere, iro riri padanho rekusangana uye risingaoneki mune simba. dendere rezviratidzo zvehukama.
Zvisineyi, panogona kuve nekatsika kekuda matendere ane mukova wakamanikana kuti ubvumire vaviri vacho kupinda uye kudzivirira zvikara kupinda. Zvinoitawo sekuti mhando dzekuberekesa dzinoshivirira kune dzimwe mbiri dzakavakidzana dzerudzi rumwe chete pane mamwe maparrots, asi kusvika pamwero wakati wakaparadzana, uchifarira miti yemichindwe uko kune mhango imwe chete uko kune imwe nhanho yekuvanzika pakuberekesa yavo. paroti..
Nguva yekuberekesa inotanga muna Kubvumbi uye inowanzopera muna Chikunguru. Dzimwe nguva dzinovaka matendere adzo mumakomba akacherwa neTajá woodpecker (Xiphidiopicus percussus). Huwandu hwemazai akakandira pakati pematatu kusvika mashanu. Incubation inoitwa nenhengo dzese dzevaviri uye vana vanopihwa chikafu kusvika vabuda mudendere. Kana dendere ratosiiwa, madiki anogona kuonekwa achibhururuka nemapoka madiki nevabereki mwaka wechando usati wasvika, uye kugadzira mapoka makuru apo mhuri dzakasiyana dzinobatana.
Kudya kwekirasi iyi yeshiri dzinopisa kunosanganisira mango, papayas, magwava, Roystonea palms, michero yeMelicoccus bijogatus uye Spondias mombin, pamwe nembeu, nhungirwa, mapira uye Inga berries. Vaitodyisa mhodzi dzekofi nechibage, ndokusaka dzaivhimwa kare nevagari vemo, nekuti dzaikonzera kukanganisa kukuru pazvirimwa. Pakutanga yaive imwe yeshiri dzaivepo dzeCuba neIsle of Youth, asi ikozvino inongogumira kune akasiyana dreadlocks munzvimbo dziri kure dzechitsuwa cheCaribbean.
Muhusungwa, ivo vane hutsinye uye vanokakavara uye havazorore uye vanofanirwa kugara vachitariswa. Kukurukurirana kushoma mukuburitswa kwemazwi, kunyangwe aine hushamwari kwazvo nemunhu wavanosarudza semudiwa asingazobvisi zvakaipa zvinofadza, anenge agara achishivirira uye kunyange kuonga. Inonzwa kushanduka kwemamiriro ecosystem maanogara. Zvinodiwa uye kuomerwa kwekuparadzirwa kwerudzi urwu zvakakura. Kuchengeta iyi shiri yakanaka sechipfuwo kunogona kunakidza, kunyangwe huwandu hwayo hushoma huchiita kuti zvitiomere kuchengeta.
Kana iwe wakafarira chinyorwa ichi nezve Tropical Shiri uye uchida kudzidza zvakawanda nezve mamwe anonakidza misoro, unogona kutarisa anotevera malink: