Muchikamu chino iwe uchawana ruzivo pamusoro peSequoia Tree, iyo, nekuda kwehukuru hwayo hunoshamisa, inoshongedza nzvimbo dzevaraidzo dzakakurumbira uye dzimwe nzvimbo iyo inowanikwa, mukuwedzera, inosiyaniswa nekugara kwezviuru zvemakore. Kana uchida kuziva zvakawanda nezveruremekedzo, tinokukoka kuti urambe uchiverenga.
Muti weSequoia
Kana tichitaura nezvemiti mirefu nemikuru, tinofanira kutaura nezvemuti we<em>sequoia kana kuti sequoia sempervirens, sezvo uri iwo marudzi anoshongedza zvikuru maruva enyika. Kunyangwe vachiwanikwa zvakanyanya muUnited States, vanoyemurwawo muSpain, Austria, France, England, New Zealand, Great Britain, Italy nePortugal, pakati pedzimwe nyika. Iwo anoratidzirwa nekukura zvishoma nezvishoma, uye ari chikamu chezvinomera zvemumakomo uye ivhu rakanyorova, kunyanya mapaki enyika uye zviyeuchidzo.
Sequoias inokura mumapoka, ayo nyanzvi anotenda kuti anopa dziviriro kubva kukuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze, kunyanya kubva kumhepo inotonhora uye chando. Vane chimiro chekukura zvakanyanya sezvo hunde dzinoverengeka dzichikura padyo nepedyo kubva kune mumwe mudzi. Iyi inzira yekuzvichengetedza, kuitira kuti kana imwe yedzinde yakakuvadzwa, mamwe anoramba achikura uye anopa muto kune trunk inoda. Masango makuru emhando yemiti iyi anowanikwa muOregon neCalifornia.
Mbeu dzinowanikwa mumakoni kana mapineapple, dzimwe dzinokura pakati pemakore 1 kusvika 2, asi dzimwe dzinotora makore anosvika makumi maviri, kugadzirwa kwadzo kunosvika mhodzi makumi mana paavhareji, tsvuku tsvuku, dzimwe dzinodonha kana kuchipisa mukupera kwezhizha, kana nekuda kwe moto kana kukuvara kwezvipembenene. Kana iri nzira iyo miti iyi inobereka nayo, ndeyepabonde uye isina hukama. Kunyangwe ivo vachiburitsa nhamba yakakura yembeu, 20% chete inokwanisa kutumbuka uye kugadzira kupfura kutsva.
Vanogonawo kuberekana nekucheka, kureva, kubva kune zviduku zviduku, kubva kune izvo zvinomera zvakafanana zvinoberekwa. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti rudzi urwu rwemiti mikuru uye yakareba kwenguva refu inosvika pakukura kwepabonde pakati pe15 ne20 makore. Miti iyi inogona kuwanikwa munzvimbo dzine mamiriro ekunze ane hunyoro, uko kuoma kwezhizha uye kutonhora kwechando kune chando chakawanda; Mazhinji emasango makuru e sequoia anowanikwa pa granitic, residual uye alluvial ivhu, pakakwirira 1,4 kusvika 2 makiromita pamusoro pegungwa.
Mhando dzeRedwoods
Mukati memhando dzakasiyana dzemiti iyi, hofori sequoia inogona kutaurwa mumusimboti, kana sekudanwa kwainoitwa nesainzi Sequoiadendrum giganteum, inogara yakasvibira conifer uye kune mazita akasiyana anonzi velintonia, sierra sequoia kana muti mukuru wekuzvarwa. kumadokero kweSierra Nevada, California iyo inogona kusvika 105 metres kureba, avhareji mune dzimwe nguva 50 kana 85 metres pakureba mukati mehupenyu hwayo hunofungidzirwa hwemakore 3200.
Kozotiwo California redwood, inonziwo redwood kana sequoia sempervirens, muti muhombe une mashizha akati sandara asingaperi anowanzosvika mamirimita makumi maviri neshanu uye ane girini yakasvibira. Vane dzinde rakafara kwazvo ringangoita 25 metres, ine tsvuku uye fibrous kunze kutaridzika, iyo inowedzera ruvara rwayo nekufamba kwenguva, iyo inofungidzirwa kusvika kumakore 8. Inowanikwa zvakanyanya pamhenderekedzo yePacific yeNorth America. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti muenzaniso wekare wakawanikwa unosvika makore 3000.
Mukuwedzera, ivo vari muEuropean continent, nokuti muhafu yekutanga yezana remakore rechi32, kubva kune chipo pakati penhengo dzeumambo hweUnited Kingdom neSpain, mhuka iyi yakasimwa mumapaki akasiyana sechishongo chekufarira kukuru. hunhu hwayo hunoyemurika hunoita kuti uve muti mukuru unoshamisa uye wakakura. Kana ari makoni ayo akaita sepineapple, anoyera kusvika 3 mm kureba uye ane mhodzi 7 kusvika XNUMX imwe neimwe, sezvakajairika murudzi urwu, makoni anovhurika kana aoma kupfuura zvese kana kuburikidza netumbuyu tunokwanisa kutyoka. ivo..
Kubva muna 2003, muCantabria, chiziviso cheNational Monument chakaitwa sechidziva chemiti yakareba kupfuura dzose munyika, iyo inoshamisa inoshongedza sango kubva kuma 40. Saizvozvowo, muMexico vakasimwa kubva kuma70, kunyanya mu yeJilotepec, zvienzaniso zveredwoods zvakatama kubva kuCalifornia, uye makore anoda kusvika makumi mashanu gare gare zvakatokura anenge 15 metres.
Nyika Inozivikanwa Redwoods
Tichifunga nezvehupamhi hwehunde yayo, iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa mienzaniso, maererano nezvidzidzo zvakaitwa muna 2009, ndiyo yekutanga yeSequoia Hyperion, sezvo iri hombe kubva payakawanikwa muna 2006, inoyera ingangoita 115 metres pakureba. Ipapo kune General Sherman, inosvika 83 metres kureba, iri musango rakakura reUnited States National Park, ine hunde hombe ine denderedzwa remamita 31 uye vhoriyamu ye1.486 cubic metres, inosiyaniswa nekupona. ane makore 2000 uye anozivikanwa semuti mukurusa munyika.
Inoteverwa neGeneral Grant, iri muGeneral Grant Groove muKings Canyon National Park, iyo yakareba mamita makumi masere nerimwe, 81 metres muhupamhi uye ine huwandu hwe32 cubic metres. Ipapo Mutungamiriri anomira kunze, iyo iri zvakare mugomba resango rakakura rine kureba kwemamita makumi manomwe nenhatu, denderedzwa nekuremekedza pasi pemamita makumi maviri nemasere uye inoratidza huwandu hwe1.319 cubic metres. Zvakare iyo Lincoln, seimwe kopi iri muGiant Sango, ine inoyevedza 73 metres kureba, 28 metres mudenderedzwa uye vhoriyamu ye1278 cubic metres.
Ipapo kune Stagg, iri muAlder Creek yeGiant Sequoia National Monument uye ine hukuru hunoshamisa senge 74 metres kureba, dhayamita makumi matatu nematatu uye vhoriyamu ye33 cubic metres. Pamusoro pezvo, kune Boole inova muti weConverse Basin, weiyo Monument yambotaurwa uye ine urefu hwemamita makumi masere nerimwe, denderedzwa remamita makumi matatu nemana uye vhoriyamu ye1205 cubic metres. Nepo iyo inonzi Genesi muti chikamu cheGomo Imba uye inoyera mamita makumi manomwe nenomwe kumusoro, 81 metres mudenderedzwa uye 34 cubic metres muhuwandu.
Vamwe vanoumba rondedzero yeakakurumbira sequoias anonzi Franklin, zvakare anobva kuGiant Sango, ane kureba kwemamita makumi matanhatu nemasere, denderedzwa remamita makumi maviri nemasere uye vhoriyamu ye68 cubic metres. Zvakare, kune muenzaniso waMambo Arthur uri muGarfield Grove, iyo ine urefu hwemamita 28, mamita 1168 mukutenderera uye 82 cubic metres muhuwandu. Saizvozvo, Monroe inomira kunze, iyo inogona kuoneka muGiant Forest grove uye inokoshesa huwandu hwayo hwe31 cubic metres, kureba kwayo kwemamita makumi manomwe neshanu uye hupamhi hwemamita makumi maviri nenomwe.
Ivo vanosanganisirwa semiti mikuru yakapihwa zita rekuti Helio, zvichireva kuna mwari wezuva mungano yechiGiriki yekuyera kutenderedza 114 metres. Kune zvakare Icarus ine hurefu hwemamita zana negumi nematatu, nepo Daedalus muti unongoreba 113 metres. Nezvenzvimbo yayo, inonzi yakachengeterwa chinangwa chekuva nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwayo kwemhoteredzo uye nokudaro kudzivirira njodzi yayo yekuparadzwa kwemasango.
Sequoia Conservation
Nhasi ndiyo imwe yemhando dziri pasi pekuchengetedzwa, sezvo yakanyorwa sezvipenyu zviri mungozi yekutsakatika sezvakasimbiswa neInternational Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), nekuda kwemoto wakadzorwa wakaitika muchikamu chikuru chenyika dzavanobva. kuitira kubatsira kukura kwezvirimwa izvi, zvakaita kuti kufambira mberi kwazvo kurambe kunonoka, uye vakaona kuti zvimwe zvirimwa zvine kuchinjika zviri nani zvakagadziridzwa munzvimbo yazvo.
Tsika
Kukosha kwemuti we sequoia, sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, kwakaruramisa kukura kwayo kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzenyika, ndicho chikonzero masango makuru anozivikanwa muEurope, Canada, Australia, New Zealand neChile, pakati pedzimwe nzvimbo. Mukuwedzera, inokura, kunyange zvishoma kubudirira, mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeUnited States. Tisati tatsanangura zvakawanda pamusoro pechinhu ichi, zvakakosha kuziva kuti rudzi rwemuti urwu runoratidzwa nekukwanisa kutsungirira tembiricha iri pasi pe zero degrees Celsius kana kutonhora kwenguva pfupi, chero ivhu rakapoteredza midzi rakavharwa nechando. mulch.
MuEurope
Muti wakareba kwazvo unowanikwa kunze kweAmerica mucherechedzo wakadyarwa pedyo neRibeauvillé kuFrance muna 1856 uye wakayerwa muna 2014 pakukwirira kwemamita makumi matanhatu pamakore zana nemakumi matanhatu ekuzvarwa. KuUnited Kingdom, muti muhombe wesequoia wakatanga kurimwa muna 60 nemurimi webindu rePerthshire Patrick Matthew kubva kumbeu yakatumirwa nemwanakomana wake kubva kuUS state yeCalifornia. Veitch Nursery pedyo neExeter, yakasvika muEngland muna Zvita 160.
Mutoro wakataurwa uyu wakatengeswa mukondinendi yose yekare. Kubudirira kwayo muUK kwave kwakakurumidza zvikuru, nemuti wakareba paBenmore kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweScotland wakasvika mamita 56,4 muna 2014 pazera remakore 150, uye mamwe akawanda 50 kusvika 53 mamita kureba. ; yakanyanya kusimba inotenderedza 12 metres mudenderedzwa uye 4 metres mudhayamita, muPerthshire. Iyo Royal Botanic Gardens kuKew, London zvakare ine yakakura muenzaniso. PaBiddulph Grange Garden muStaffordshire, ane muunganidzwa wakanaka weSequoiadendron giganteum uye Coast Redwoods.
Saizvozvowo, muEngland zvinozivikanwa kuti kune nzvimbo ine inopfuura zana yemiti iyi yakasimwa anopfuura mazana maviri emakore apfuura pedyo neguta reCamberley uye kubvira ipapo miti inogovera nzvimbo dzakasikwa nezvivako. Sekuwedzera ruzivo, avhareji yekukura kwemuenzaniso wakakura zvakakwana unogona kusvika 22 metres pakureba uye 88 masendimita mudhayamita yehunde mumakore gumi nematanhatu. Kuchamhembe kwekondinendi, kukura kwayo kwakanyanya kushoma, nekuda kwekutonhora kwemamiriro ekunze.
MuDenmark, muti wakareba kwazvo wakanga wakareba mamita 115 uye 5,6 mamita muhupamhi muna 1976 uye wakareba nhasi. KuPoland, zvinonzi muti wakakwanisa kurarama tembiricha dzeminus 37 degrees celsius uye nechando chakakora. Kubva kuGermany rudzi urwu rwakaunzwa muna 1952 paSequoiafarm Kaldenkirchen. Uye munharaunda yeSerbia, kuvapo kwemiti ye29, inosvika mamita makumi matatu pakureba muBelgrade, inozivikanwa, uye muCzech Republic imwe yemiti iyi yakakwanisa kusvika mamita makumi mana uye iri mubindu reRatměřice Castle.
MuNorth America
Redwoods yakasimwa yakawanda muAmerican West Coast uye mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeAmerican South, zvichiratidza kukurumbira kwakapararira rudzi urwu rwakawana. Kunyanya, zvinogona kutaurwa kuti kudyarwa kwezvinomera izvi kwakawanda kumadokero kweOregon uye kubva kuchamhembe kusvika kumaodzanyemba-kumavirira kweBritish Columbia muCanada, nekukura kwakanaka kwazvo. MuWashington neOregon, zvakajairika kuwana hofori sequoias dzakasimwa zvakabudirira mumaguta nemaruwa.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3xPmWZNYbtU
KuEast Coast yeUnited States, kukura kwemiti mikuru iyi kwave kunonoka kudarika kune dzimwe nzvimbo, uye inowanzobatwa neCercospora neKabatina fungal zvirwere nekuda kwekupisa, kunyorova kwezhizha. Pane zvinyorwa zvekuti muti uri paBlithewold Gardens muBristol, Rhode Island wakareba 27 metres, unofungidzirwa kuti wakareba kwazvo muNew England state. Iyo Taylor Memorial Arboretum muDelaware County, Pennsylvania inosvika 29 tsoka kureba, iyo vamwe vangafunga kuti yakarebesa kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva.
Pamusoro pezvo, kuvepo kweminda mikuru mumapaki akasiyana ane mukurumbira kunogona kujekeswa, senge: iyo Arnold Arborium muBoston, Longwood muDelaware, iyo New Jersey Botanical Garden, pakati pevamwe. Kunyange zvakadaro, minda yakazvimirira inogona kuwanikwa kumahombekombe ekumabvazuva kwenyika, uko inonyanya kufarirwa iri muguta guru renyika, mudunhu reColorado uye mamwe maenzanisi ane mukurumbira muMichigan.
MuAustralia
Muchiitiko cheAustralia, tinogona kuwana muunganidzwa wakakura wemiti iyi muBallarat Botanical Garden. Dzimwe nzvimbo dzekuona dzinosanganisira: Jubilee Park neHepburn Mineral Springs Reserve muDaylesford, Cook Park muOrange, NSW, neCarisbrook's Deep Creek Park muVictoria. Iyo Pialligo Redwood Sango rinosanganisira 3.000 yasara miti yeredwood, kunze kwe122.000 yakarimwa, 500 metres kumabvazuva kweCanberra Airport. Sango rakagadzirwa nemugadziri wemadhorobha Walter Burley Griffin.
Iyo Canberra National Arboretum yakagadzira sango remiti iyi muna 2008. Kunyange zvazvo ivo vachikurawo muakasiiwa arboretum paMount Banda Banda muNew South Wales. Pachitsuwa cheTasmania, unogona kuona mimwe miti mumagadheni ega uye eruzhinji, sezvo hofori sequoias yaive yakakurumbira pakati pe1837-1901, ndiko kuti, munguva yeVictorian. Iyo ine akati wandei akakura redwood emuenzaniso kuWestbury Village Green uye nezvimwe muDeloraine. Pamusoro pezvo, kune mamwe Sequoiadendron giganteum uye Sequoia sempervirens paTasmanian Arboretum.
MuChile
Munyika ino, masango ekumaodzanyemba akafumiswa nemhando iyi yemuti, sezvo iri mhuka inokura zvakakwana mumamiriro emumvuri uye inobereka zvakanaka, iyo inobvumira kuumbwa kwemasango akavhenganiswa ane nzvimbo inopfuura mahekita ane chiuru, kubva pakudyarwa kwayo munyika nekuda kwekushongedza pakupera kwezana ramakore rapfuura, zvichiratidza kuti mhuka iyi inogona kugadzirwa zvinobudirira, nekuti inogona kusvika pakukura kwe18 kusvika 25 m3 / ha / gore, saka zvikomborero zvezvakatipoteredza zveminda iyi. kuripa nguva refu yekumirira kuti isvike pakukura.
munew zealand
Mienzaniso yakati wandei inogona kuwanikwa muSouth Island yeNew Zealand, uko kumira kwemiti kunogona kuonekwa mupaki yeruzhinji muPicton, pamwe nenzvimbo shoma muChristchurch neQueenstown. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti nzvimbo yakanakisisa yekuona minda yezvipenyu munyika ino ndiyo Rotorua, uko maeka anopfuura matanhatu eCalifornia redwoods akadyarwa mukutanga kwema1900 muRedwood Memorial Grove, iyo inodzivirirwa kubva pakutema miti. Iyi miti inogona kuwanikwawo pedyo neLake Rotokakahi uye mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana musango.
Sequoia Tree Care
Kunyange zvazvo zvisingawanzoitiki kuwana redwood mumagadheni ega, uye kana iwe uine imwe, zvakakosha kuziva kuti ungatarisira sei rudzi urwu rwemuti. Naizvozvo, chinhu chekutanga kujekesa inzvimbo yayo, sezvo iri muti unogara wakasvibira unoda chiedza chezuva, kunyangwe uchigona kuchengetwa munzvimbo ine mumvuri zvishoma. Asi yeuka, muti unokura wakakura uye saka zviri nani kuti uuchengetedze kubva kune zvivakwa zvakaita sedzimba dzenhurikidzwa dzakawanda, nzira dzeparutivi uye pombi.
Chakanakira miti iyi kukura muvhu rine acidic zvishoma, nyoro uye rakadzika. Kune rumwe rutivi, zvinokurudzirwa kuidiridza nguva nenguva, kunyanya muzhizha. Munguva yekupisa, inodiridzwa 2-3 pavhiki, uye gore rose 1 kana 2 kudiridza pavhiki. Kushandisa kunyanya mvura inonaya kana mvura isina lime. Mukuwedzera, kushandiswa kwe organic fertilizer kuri nyore, kunyanya muchirimo. Pakudyara mumidziyo, chakanakira kushandisa izvo zviri mvura nekuti zvinofambisa kutenderera kwemvura.
Utility
Huni dzemhando dzakakura dzinoshingirira zvakanyanya pakuora, asi nekuti ine tambo uye brittle, kazhinji haina kukodzera kuvaka. Kubva mukupera kwezana ramakore rechi 1924 uye makore XNUMX okutanga ezana ramakore rechiXNUMX, kutema matanda kwakaitika mumasango akawanda nokuda kwokushandisa muzvivako zviduku zvakasiyana-siyana. Bhizinesi guru rokupedzisira kukohwa rakavharwa muna XNUMX. Nemhaka youremu hwayo uye kusasimba kwayo, miti yacho yaiwanzotsemuka painorova pasi, ichiparadza huni zhinji.
Vatemi vanoedza kudzikamisa mhedzisiro yacho nekuchera migero uye kuizadza nemapazi. Kunyange zvakadaro, inofungidzirwa kuti 50% chete yehuni yakasvika pakugadzira kubva kumasango. Huni dzainyanya kushandiswa kugadzira mataira edenga nemapango efenzi, uye kunyangwe kumachisi. Mifananidzo yemiti yaichimbova mikuru, zvino yakaputsika uye yakasiiwa mumasango aichimbova akachena, uye pfungwa yemahofori akaiswa muzvivakwa zvisina basa, yakamutsa mheremhere yevoruzhinji iyo yakaguma nokuchengetedzwa kwemasango mazhinji senyika yakadzivirirwa.
Nhasi, vanhu vanogona kushanyira muenzaniso wekutema miti muna 1880 paBig Stump Grove pedyo neGeneral Grant Grove. Pamusoro pezvo, mimwe miti midiki yakaiswa muSequoia National Sango muma1980s, mukurumbira wayo wakabatsira kugadzira Giant Sequoia National Monument. Immature tree huni haina brittle. Miedzo ichangoburwa pambeu dzakasimwa dzakaratidza mhando yakafanana neCoast Redwood.
Zvakakosha kutaura kuti, kunyange zvazvo iri mhuka yakachengetedzwa, munguva pfupi yapfuura kurimwa kwayo kwezvinangwa zvekutengeserana pamwero muduku kwakakurudzirwa, zvichipiwa kukwanisa kwemiti iyi sechirimwa kukura goho guru muCalifornia uye mune dzakawanda. dzimwe nyika.Nyika dzekuMadokero kweEurope uko dzinokwanisa kuvandudzwa zvine hungwaru kupfuura makungwa redwoods. Uyewo, kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweUnited States, mamwe makambani akatanga kurima mahombe sequoia emiti yeKrisimasi.
Kana iwe wakafarira chinyorwa ichi nezve Sequoia Muti uye uchida kudzidza zvakawanda nezve mamwe anonakidza misoro, unogona kutarisa anotevera malink: