Masatelliti akagadzirwa nevanhu anonzi Artificial satellites nekuti hazvisi zvechisikigo kana kuti zvimwe zvezvinhu zvemuchadenga zviripo muchadenga, zvinoshandiswa nemasangano akasiyana siyana anobatanidzwa pakutsvaga, zvechiuto kana zvepasi rose. Unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezvenyaya iyi inonakidza pano.
Chii chinonzi artificial satellites?
Artificial satellites zvinhu izvo vanhu vakagadzira uye vakaisa mu orbit vachishandisa maroketi kuti vazvitakure, parizvino kune anopfuura chiuru anoshanda masetellite ari kutenderera Pasi, saizi, urefu uye dhizaini yesatellite zvinoenderana nechinangwa chayo.
Masetelliti anosiyana mukukura, mamwe makubhi satellite madiki se10cm, mamwe masatelliti ekutaurirana akareba 7m uye ane solar panel anotambanudza mamwe 50m. Setiraiti yakakura kwazvo yakagadzirwa nevanhu iInternational Space Station, yakakura kunge imba hombe yemakamuri mashanu, kusanganisira solar panel, yakakura kunge nhandare yemitambo.
Nhoroondo yeArtificial Satellites
ari Artificial satellites yePasi yakaonekwa pachiitiko chenyika mukupera kwema1950 uye yakagamuchirwa kare kare neve geodesists sechinhu chiri pachena chinogona kugadzirisa matambudziko enyika geodetic. Mukushandiswa kwe geodetic, ma satellite anogona kushandiswa kune zvese zviri zviviri zvinzvimbo uye zvidzidzo zvekukwevera pasi, sezvatataura muzvikamu zvitatu zvapfuura.
Geodesists vakashandisa akawanda akasiyana setiraiti mumakore makumi mana apfuura, kubva kune anoshanda setiraiti, (transmitters) anongomira, kune akanyanya kuoma, kubva padiki kusvika pahombe.
Artificial, passive satellites haana masensa mubhodhi uye basa rawo nderechinangwa chekutenderera. Active satellites anogona kutakura akasiyana-siyana masensa, kubva pawachi chaidzo kuburikidza nemakaunda akasiyana-siyana kusvika kune akaomesesa data processors, uye kuendesa iyo data yakaunganidzwa kudzoka kupasi pane inoenderera kana pakati nepakati.
Nguva yemazuva ano muchadenga ne Satellites Chakagadzirwa yakatumirwa kuyerwa kwakananga kwepedyo-Earth space yakatanga kutanga kwema 1960. Zvisinei nemakumi mana emakore ekupedzisira ezviyero zveSatellite zveEarth's magnetosphere, zvinogashirwa kuti magnetosphere yePasi haisati yatorwa sampled.
Chokwadi ichi chinogadzika chipingamupinyi mukunzwisisa kwakazara kweakawanda magineti zviitiko, kusanganisa chipingamupinyi ichi humbowo huri kukura hwekuti matambudziko mazhinji anonetsa emagnetospheric ane chekuita nemaitiro emuviri anosanganisira akawanda enzvimbo kana zvikero zvenguva.
Pane kubatana kwakasimba pakati pezviitiko zvemicrophysical uye zvakakura-zvikuru, nekudaro kuferefeta kwakawanda kwemagnetospheric uye mishoni dzemuchadenga kusvika parizvino zvinosimbisa zviyero zvakawanda. Kuwana zviyero zvakawanda munzvimbo kunowanzoda kushanda nesimba uye zviwanikwa zvakakura, izvo zvinogona kuwanikwa zvakanyanya uye zvakachipa kuburikidza nekudyidzana nedzimwe nyika.
"Satellite yekutanga yakatumirwa muchadenga neSoviet Union muna Gumiguru 4, 1957, setiraiti iyi yainzi Sputnik, yairema makirogiramu 183, yaive saizi yechinhu chidiki uye yakatora maminetsi makumi mapfumbamwe nemasere kutenderera pasi, kutangwa kwesetiraiti iyi. rakasarudzwa sekutanga kwezera remuchadenga uye kutanga kwemakwikwi emuchadenga pakati peUnited States neSoviet Union akaitika mumakore ekuma98.
Chiitiko cheSoviet chakachinja nyika
Sputnik yaive satellite yakavhura zera remuchadenga, yaive 83,6 kg (184 pound) capsule, yakawana orbit ine apogee ye940 km (584 mamaira) uye perigee (yepedyo nzvimbo) ye230 km (143 mamaira), kutenderedza Nyika maminitsi makumi mapfumbamwe nematanhatu ega ega uye yakaramba iri mukutenderera kusvika Ndira 96, 04, payakadonha nekupisa mumhepo yePasi.
Kutangwa kweSputnik kwakakatyamadza vanhu vazhinji vekuAmerica, avo vaive vafunga kuti nyika yavo yaive mberi kweSoviet Union, uye zvakakonzera "makwikwi emuchadenga" pakati penyika mbiri idzi.
Kuti unzwisise kuti sei Sputnik yakanga inoshamisa, zvakakosha kutarisa zvakanga zvichiitika panguva iyoyo, kutarisa zvakanaka pakupera kwema1950.
Panguva iyoyo, nyika yakanga iri kumucheto kwetsvakiridzo yemuchadenga, kufambira mberi kwehunyanzvi hwe rocket kwaive kwakanangana nechadenga, asi kwakatsaurirwa kushandiswa munguva yehondo, mushure meHondo Yenyika II, United States neSoviet Union vaive vakwikwidzi mune zvechiuto uye zvetsika. .
Masayendisiti kumativi ose akanga achigadzira maroketi makuru uye ane simba zvikuru kuti atakure mitoro kuenda muchadenga. Nyika mbiri idzi dzaida kuve dzekutanga kuongorora muganhu wepamusoro, yakanga yangove nguva isati yaitika, chaidiwa nenyika isimba resainzi uye nehunyanzvi kuti vasvike ikoko.
Mukati meHondo Yemashoko, vanhu vekuAmerica vainyanya kunetsekana nekudzokera shure kwenyika yavo uye nemhedzisiro yaigona kuwanikwa neSoviet padanho remauto.
MuMoscow, havana kutarisira kubudirira kwekuedza kwekutanga, vakashamiswa nekudengenyeka kweSputnik pamafungiro enyika. Zvisinei, vakakurumidza kunzwisisa kuti Soviet Union yaishandisa Artificial Satellite iyi sechombo chokuparadzira mashoko muCold War kurwisa United States.
Mhando dzeArtificial Satellites
Ngatitorei mutsauko pakati pemhando mbiri dzesatelliti, mutsauko uyu unoshanda parudzi rwekutenderera kwakatorwa nesatelliti, chokwadi musiyano unoitwa pakati peanotenderera satellite uye geostationary satellite. Masetellite anofamba anogona chete kumisa zvinongedzo kana zvichionekwa pakati pemutakuri neanogamuchira.
ari Artificial satellites Vane hunhu huviri uye nenzira iyi vanogona kuverengerwa zvichienderana nebasa ravo kana kutenderera kwavo.
Satellite nerudzi rwemishoni
Zvinoenderana nebasa ravo isu tine anotevera marudzi emasatellite:
masatelliti enyeredzi
Aya ndiwo masatelliti anobvumira kuongorora kwakadzama kwePasi kana kunzvera kwakadzama kwenzvimbo, kana iri yekunzwa kure kure, semuenzaniso, kugadzira mepu chaidzo kana kuyerwa kwechimiro chaicho chePasi kana kunyangwe kudzidza kwenzvimbo dzekondinendi nemakungwa.
Zvinobatsirawo kunzwisisa zviri nani zvimwe zviitiko zvemuchadenga, kana iri nyaya yekudzidza kwechadenga, iwo chaiwo materesikopu makuru anotumirwa muchadenga sezvo vasina kusagadzikana kunowanikwa nemhepo paNyika uye nekudaro vanogona kutora mifananidzo yakapinza.
Biosatellites
Iwo akagadzirirwa kudzidza biological mhedzisiro ye zero gravity, cosmic radiation uye kusavapo kwePasi kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana masikati nehusiku rhythm pamiti nemhuka dzakasiyana siyana kubva kune dzakasiyana siyana tupukanana kune primate, akadaro nzvimbo marabhoritari akashongedzerwa kuyerwa kure. michina yekutarisa mamiriro emasampuli.
masatellite ekutaurirana
Setiraiti yekutaurirana system inogona kuiswa mukushanda nekukasira, sezvo zvisingakodzeri kuwana zvakananga kunharaunda, sezvo zvingave zvakakosha kuita hukama hwemuviri senge tambo kana zvimwewo. Iyi ibhenefiti yakakosha munzvimbo dzakaoma dzenzvimbo kana zvematongerwo enyika.
Setiraiti yenharembozha yakajairwa ine imwe nhamba yematransponder, imwe neimwe transponder ine antenna inogashira yakamisikidzwa kune chiteshi kana huwandu hwema frequency, pakuiswa kwechishandiso, icho chinoyera ma frequency aya kune frequency renji yeinobuda chiteshi, uye simba. amplifier kupa microwave kubuda nesimba rakakwana. Huwandu hwema transponder, kana machanera, hunoratidza kugona kwesatellite.
Miniaturized satellites
Setiraiti diki chinhu chinotenderera nePasi chine huremu hudiki uye zvimiro zvidiki pane zvakajairwa setiraiti, senge geostationary satellite, miniaturized satellite ave kuwedzera kuwanda mumakore achangopfuura.
Iwo akakodzera kushandiswa muvaridzi isina waya yekutaurirana network, pamwe nekutarisa kwesainzi, kuunganidza data, uye Global Positioning System (GPS).
Miniaturized satellites anowanzoiswa munzvimbo dzakaderera dzePasi uye anotangwa mumapoka anonzi "mapush." Murudzi urwu rwenzvimbo satellite, imwe neimwe sisitimu inoshanda zvakafanana kune inodzokorora munharembozha yekutaurirana, mamwe madiki satellite anoiswa mu elongated (elliptical) orbits.
navigation satellites
Izvo zvave zvichibatsira zvakanyanya kumakambani ekufambisa uye endege, kutaura zvazviri, vanokutendera kuti uzviise iwe pachako nekunyanya kurongeka paPasi. Izvi zvinounza mukana mumisheni yekununura, nekuwedzera, iko kurongeka kunogona kukwira kusvika ku 1 centimita, asi chete pakutsvaga kwemauto, mune dzimwe nguva, zvakanyanya kushoma. Aya masetelliti anogona zvakare kuita nhambwe kuyerwa.
masatelliti ehondo
Aya ma satellite anoshandisa marudzi akasiyana-siyana ekutenderera, izvi zvinoenderana nechinangwa, saka, zvinotora geostationary orbit kana chinangwa chayo chiri chekushanda se telecommunications satellite kana elliptical orbit kana chinangwa chayo chiri chekusora, semuenzaniso.
Aya marudzi ekupedzisira emasatellite anonzi 'spy satellites'. Vanogonawo kuona Pasi semasetellite anonzwa kure, rudzi urwu rwe satellite haruna kugumira kurudzi rwemisheni, asi zviri pachena kuti hauwane ruzivo rwemhando iyi.
Satellite yekuona pasi
Zvishandiso zvakasiyana-siyana zvakashandiswa pabhodhi idzi satellite kuti ipe data inodiwa pakusiyana-siyana kwenzvimbo, spectral uye temporal resolution kuti isangane nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana zvevashandisi munyika uye kushandiswa kwepasirese.
Idzi data kubva kumasetellite aya rinoshandiswa kune akasiyana maapplication anotora zvekurima, zviwanikwa zvemvura, kuronga kwemadhorobha, budiriro yekumaruwa, mineral prospecting, uye zvakatipoteredza, kubva muchadenga kuenda pasi.
solar powered satellites
Isimba guru remagetsi rinounganidza nekushandura simba rezuva kuita simba remagetsi muchadenga rozoendesa simba remagetsi kupasi pasina waya.
Inopa simba kune mamwe masisitimu, ndiyo imwe yeanonyanya kukosha masisitimu, mune zvakawanda nzira inotaridza iyo geometry yespacecraft, dhizaini, huwandu uye nguva yehupenyu hunoshanda. Kukundikana kwegadziriro yemagetsi kunotungamirira kukukundikana kwemidziyo yose.
Iyo magetsi emagetsi system inowanzo sanganisira: yekutanga uye yechipiri sosi yemagetsi, shanduko, majaja, uye kutonga otomatiki.
Meteorological satellites
Zvakare iri munzvimbo yakaderera kana yakaderera, masatellite aya anoita kuti zvikwanise kufanotaura, nekunangidzira zviyero zvavo uye zvidzidzo pamhepo, mamiriro ekunze akananga uye yakaipa mamiriro ekunze paPasi uye kudzidza mamiriro ekunze nekushanduka-shanduka. Aya masatellite anoshandisa infrared uye akajairwa makamera, mukuwedzera, zvichienderana nekunyatso kutsvagwa, anoiswa zvakanyanya mugeostationary orbit (zvishoma chaizvo) kana mupolar orbit (yakanyanya kunyatsojeka).
zviteshi zvemuchadenga
Icho chimiro chekugadzira chakaiswa mu orbit, chine simba, zvekushandisa uye zvezvakatipoteredza masisitimu anodiwa kutsigira kugara kwevanhu kwenguva yakareba. Zvichienderana nekumisikidzwa kwayo, chiteshi chemuchadenga chinogona kushanda sehwaro hwezviitwa zvakasiyana.
Izvi zvinosanganisira kucherechedzwa kweZuva nezvimwe zvinhu zvemuchadenga, kudzidza zviwanikwa zvePasi uye zvakatipoteredza, kucherechedzwa kwemauto, uye kuferefetwa kwenguva refu kwemaitiro emidziyo uye masystem ebhayoloji, anosanganisira physiology yemunhu uye biochemistry, mumamiriro ekuremerwa kana microgravity. .
Zviteshi zvidiki zvemuchadenga zvinotangwa zvakaungana zvakazara, asi zviteshi zvakakura zvinotumirwa mumamodule uye zvinounganidzwa mu orbit. Kuti ushandise zvakanyanya kugona kwemota yako yekufambisa, chiteshi chisina chinhu chinotangwa uye nhengo dzevashandi vako, uye dzimwe nguva mimwe michina, tevera. mumotokari dzakasiyana.
Satellite nemhando yekutenderera
Zvinoenderana nekutenderera kwavo, satellite akaiswa sezvizvi:
Kurongwa nepakati
- Galactocentric orbit: Kutenderera kwepakati pegwara renzou, Zuva rinotevera rudzi urwu rwekutenderera pamusoro penzvimbo yenyeredzi muGwara renzou.
- Heliocentric orbit: Kutenderera kwezuva, the mapuraneti ezuva, comets uye asteroids ari mumigwagwa yakadaro, kufanana nemasatelliti akawanda ekugadzira uye nzvimbo yakasvibiswa marara, ma satellites, pane zvinopesana, haasi muheliocentric orbit, asi mumhepo yemubereki wavo chinhu.
- Geocentric orbit: Ndiko kutenderera kuri pedyo nepasi, sepamwedzi kana masatellite ekugadzira.
- Mwedzi orbit: Kutenderera kwenyika kutenderera Mwedzi.
- Areocentric orbit: Kutenderera kutenderera kwepasi Mars, sekunge mwedzi yaro kana mwedzi yekugadzira.
Altitude classification
- Low Earth Orbit: Sezvinoratidzwa nezita racho, orbit inenge iri padyo nePasi, kazhinji pakakwirira isingasviki 1000 km, asi inogona kunge yakadzika se160 km pamusoro pePasi, iyo yakadzikira kana ichienzaniswa nedzimwe nzira. asi ichiri pamusoro pePasi.
- Kureva Earth Orbit: Inotenderedza huwandu hwakasiyana hwekutenderera kwese kupi, inoda kutora nzira dzakanangana dzakatenderedza Pasi, uye inoshandiswa neakasiyana satellite ane akawanda akasiyana maapplication.
Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya nemasatellite ekufambisa, akadai seEuropean Galileo system. Galileo inopa masimba ekufambisa mashoko muEurope yose uye inoshandiswa kune akawanda marudzi ekufambisa, kubva pakutevera ndege huru kusvika pakuwana mafambiro kune yako smartphone. Galileo anoshandisa boka renyeredzi remasetellite akawanda kupa kuvharika kwenzvimbo huru dzepasi panguva imwe chete.
- High Earth Orbit: Kana setiraiti yasvika makiromita 42.164 chaiwo kubva pakati pePasi (makiromita angangoita 36.000 XNUMX kubva paPasi), inopinda mumhando ye "nzvimbo inotapira" umo kutenderera kwayo kunofanana nekutenderera kweNyika.
Nekuda kwekuti setiraiti inotenderera nekumhanya kwakafanana neKutenderera kweNyika, setiraiti inoita kunge inogara panzvimbo yelongitudi imwe chete, kunyangwe ichigona kukukurwa kubva kuchamhembe ichienda kumaodzanyemba, iyi yakakosha high-Earth orbit inonzi geosynchronous.
Zvinonyanya kukosha pakuongorora mamiriro ekunze kuti masatellite ari muorbit iyi anopa maonero akatsiga enzvimbo imwe chete, paunoenda kuinternet kunzvimbo dzemamiriro ekunze uye wotarisa satellite yeguta rako rekumusha, mufananidzo wauri kutarisa unoburuka kubva kusatellite. mune geostationary orbit.
Tilt Sorting
- Inclined Orbit: Iyo orbit haina kurerekera maererano neiyo equatorial ndege.
- polar orbit: Satellite mune polar orbit haifanirwe kunyatsopfuura kuchamhembe nekumaodzanyemba pole, kunyangwe kutsauka mukati me20 kusvika 30 madhigirii achiri kuverengerwa sepolar orbit.
- Zuva-synchronous polar orbit: Iri pedyo-polar orbit inoyambuka equator munguva imwechete yesolar yemunharaunda pane imwe neimwe nzira. Inobatsira satellite kutora mifananidzo, sezvo mumvuri uchave wakafanana pane imwe neimwe pass.
Classification by eccentricity
- denderedzwa orbit: Iyo orbit ine eccentricity ye0 uye iyo trajectory inodhirowa denderedzwa.
- Elliptical orbit: Obhiti ine eccentricity yakakura kupfuura 0 uye isingasviki 1, orbit inoronda nzira inoenda kune ellipse.
- Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit: Iro elliptical orbit apo perigee iri panzvimbo yepasi orbit altitude uye apogee pa geostationary orbit altitude.
- Geostationary Transfer Orbit: Mufambiro we orbital unozunguza chitundumuseremusere kubva kune imwe denderedzwa kuenda pane chimwe chichishandisa injini mbiri dzinofambisa.
- hyperbolic orbit: Irobhoti rine eccentricity yakakura kupfuura 1. Kutenderera kwakadaro kunewo sipidhi inodarika spidhi yekutiza uye nekudaro, inodzivirira kukweva kwepasi uye inoramba ichifamba isingaperi kusvikira mumwe mutumbi une simba rinokwevera rakakwana wakava mukati.
- Parabolic orbit: Irobhoti rine eccentricity yakaenzana na 1. Iyi orbit inewo velocity yakaenzana nevelocity yekupukunyuka uye naizvozvo, kuitira kudzivirira simba regiravhiti repasi, kana kumhanya kweparabolic orbit kuchiwedzera, inozova hyperbolic orbit.
https://youtu.be/ldFjh1Rqmr4
Synchronous kuronga
- Synchronous Orbit: Iro chero orbit umo iyo orbital nhanho yesatellite kana muviri wekudenga yakakura kupfuura nhanho yekutenderera yemuviri inobata orbital barycenter.
- Semi-synchronous orbit: Iyo orbit ine orbital nguva yakaenzana nehafu yeavhareji yenguva yekutenderera kwemuviri, iyo inotenderera munzira imwechete yekutenderera semuviri uyu.
- Geosynchronous orbit: Ivo vane semi-hombe axis ye42,164 km (26199 mi). Inoshanda panzvimbo yakakwirira ye35,786 km (22,236 mamaira).
- Geostationary orbit: Ndiwo nzira dzakatenderedza Nyika dzinoenderana nenguva yekutenderera kwenyeredzi.
- Graveyard Orbit: Ndiyo orbit iri kure nemafambiro akajairika ekushanda.
- Areosynchronous orbit: Iyo inoenderana orbit yakamira padyo neplanet Mars ine orbital nguva yakaenzana nekusingaperi kwesidereal zuva reMars, 24.6229 maawa.
- Areostationary orbit: Iyo yakafanana neiyo geostationary orbit, asi iri paMars.
dzimwe nzira
- Horseshoe orbit: Ndiyo orbit inoratidzika kune Mucherechedzi wePasi kuva chaiyo orbital saneti, asi chokwadi iri mumubatanidzwa wekutenderera nepasi.
- Lagrangian point: Iwo mapoinzi ari padhuze nemitumbi miviri mihombe muorbit, apo chinhu chidiki chinozochengeta nzvimbo yacho maererano nezvinhu zvikuru zvinofamba.
Kurongwa kwemasatelliti zvichienderana nehuremu hwawo
Maererano nehuremu hwavo tinogona kupatsanura iyo Artificial satellites zvinotevera:
- Masetellite makuru: anopfuura 1000 kg
- Epakati setiraiti: pakati pe500 ne1000 kg
- Mini satellites: pakati pe100 ne500 kg
- Micro satellites: pakati pe10 ne100 kg
- Nano satellites: pakati pe1 ne10 kg
- Satellite peak: pakati pe0,1 ne1 kg
- Femto satellite: isingasviki 100 g
Nyika dzine simba rekutanga
Kune nyika dzakati wandei dzine kugona kuburitsa masatelliti muchadenga, senge:
Russia
Mutungamiriri munzvimbo yekutengeserana anotangisa, Russia inoshandisa nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, nyika ichibhadhara Kazakhstan $115 miriyoni pagore kuti ishandise nzvimbo yayo yakabatikana yekutangisa.
United States
Makambani akazvimirira uye hurumende dzenyika dziri kugara dzichigadzira nzvimbo dzepasi muUnited States dzinotsigira zvakananga kana zvisina kunanga indasitiri yekuburitsa satellite.
France
Nyika ino yakavaka zvivakwa zvayo zvekutangisa muFrench Guiana muma1970, ichishandisa Earth's equatorial spin kuunza mazana emapaundi ekuwedzera emubhadharo mukutenderera.
Japan
Kudzingwa kwekutanga kwaiva muna May 2012 kubva kuSouth Korean satellite uye yakanga inopfuura basa rakabudirira; akatanga kusununguka zviri pamutemo kweJapan Aerospace Exploration Agency's satellite launch business.
Brasil
Kupinda kweBrazil kwakaoma muindastiri yekutangisa chiyeuchidzo chekuti bhizinesi iri rinogona kuoma uye nengozi sei, kutangwa kwesetiraiti kaviri kwakatadza kutanga.
Mangani masatellite ari kutenderera Pasi?
“Maererano neHofisi yeUnited Nations yeOuter Space Affairs (UNOOSA), zvinhu zvinokwana 8378 zvakapinzwa muchadenga munhoroondo. Parizvino, 4928 vachiri mu orbit, kunyangwe 7 yavo iri mu orbit yakatenderedza mitumbi yekudenga kunze kwePasi; Zvinoreva kuti kune 4921 satellites ari kurira pamusoro zuva rega rega. "
Saizi yesatelliti yakadii?
Kubva pakukura kwemota diki kusvika pakukura kwechinhu chidiki, masatellite eese maumbirwo nehukuru anoshandiswa kuongorora chimiro chepasi kubva muchadenga, kubva pa3.238 kg setiraiti kusvika ku570 kg setiraiti.
Ikozvino, kukurumidza kuvandudzwa kwehunyanzvi hwesatelliti kunobvumira kunyangwe masatellite madiki kupa hunyanzvi hwakafanana, aya masatellite madiki anopa nguva pfupi yekuvaka uye kuderedzwa kwemitengo.
Chii basa resatellite?
Satellite muviri uri muchadenga unotenderera pedyo nechimwe chinhu, unogona kuve wakasikwa, semwedzi, kana kuti wakagadzirwa. Setiraiti yekugadzira inoiswa muorbit nekunamatira kune roketi, inotumirwa muchadenga, yozoparadzaniswa kana iri panzvimbo chaiyo, zvese. Artificial satellites Izvo zvinoshandiswawo kuongorora zvimwe zvikamu zvesolar system yedu, kusanganisira Mars, Planet Jupiter uye zuva.
Setiraiti inogara sei muorbit?
Gravity, yakasanganiswa nekumhanya kwesatelliti kubva pakuvhurwa kwayo muchadenga, inokonzeresa kuti satellite iende mu orbit pamusoro pePasi, pachinzvimbo chekudonha pasi.
Saka chaizvo, kugona kwemasatelliti kuchengetedza kutenderera kwawo kunouya pakuenzanisa pakati pezvinhu zviviri: kumhanya kwavo (kana kumhanya kwaaizofamba mumutsara wakatwasuka) uye kukwezva kwegiravhiti pakati pesetiraiti nenyika yainotenderera. .
Masatellite anogona kudhumhana here?
Kune masatelliti akawanda ari mu orbit, tichitarisa zviuru zvema satellites akare uye akaparara asingachakwanisi kutaura nePasi, zvinoshamisa kuti anodhumhana zvishoma sei; asi kukonana kwakadaro pasina mubvunzo kunogona kuitika.
Ndiani anodzora masathelaiti?
Zvose Artificial satellites ivo vanodzorwa kubva kune satellite control nzvimbo dziri munzvimbo dzakasiyana paNyika. Nezve geosynchronous satellites, vane makomputa uye software yakatsaurirwa kuchengetedza satellite yakamira paPasi uye kushanda nemazvo kuzadzisa chinangwa chavanenge vatangwa.
Iwo ma satellite anotumira telemetry kune satellite control nzvimbo nguva nenguva, kuitira kuti vashandi vehunyanzvi vatarise mamiriro eakasiyana masisitimu ari mubhodhi chero nguva yezuva.
Pane munhu angatumira satellite muchadenga here?
Hongu chokwadi, iwe unongoda chete kuwana rezinesi kubva kuFederal Communications Agency, nekuti zvikasadaro unogona kupedzisira wakanganisa mamwe masatellite, kungave nekuda kwenguva yekutaurirana kana orbital rwendo.
