Tsvaga mune ino inonakidza chinyorwa kuti sei Sangano rezvematongerwo enyika reAztec, maitiro ayo, zvakakosha zvinhu uye zvimwe zvakawanda. Usarega kuiverenga!, ipapo tichazvizivisa isu nezve magadzirirwo akaitwa nzanga iyi mune zvematongerwo enyika.
Sangano rezvematongerwo enyika reAztec: nhamba dzesimba
Sangano rezvematongerwo enyika revaAztec rinoreva kuti budiriro yekare yeMexico yakagovera sei uye yakaraira nhamba dzayo dzesimba. Kazhinji, kurongeka kweHumambo uhu hwaive hwakavakirwa pahutungamiriri hwemubatanidzwa uko zvisungo zveropa uye zvimiro zvemhuri zvaive zvakakosha.
Mune mamwe mazwi, nzvimbo dzeMexico dzakakamurwa pakati pemhuri dzine mukurumbira. Saizvozvowo, mutambi mukuru aiva Tlatoani; rudzi rwamambo akasarudzwa nedare rinoumbwa nevakuru uye vamiririri vemhuri dzinokosha.
Kunyange zvazvo tlatoanis yakasarudzwa nedare, ava vatongi vakanga vachiri kufanira kuva noukama hweropa namambo akavatangira. Nokudaro, vakuru vakasarudza tlatoani inotevera kubva muboka revanakomana ve tlatoani yapfuura.
Nyika yeAztec yakaumbwa neTriple Alliance, iyo yaive nemubatanidzwa wemaguta matatu akakosha: Texcoco, Tlacopan neTenochtitlan. Zvisinei, simba gurusa rakabatanidzwa muTenochtitlán; kureva kuti kubva mudhorobha vamwe vakadzorwa vakatarisa.
Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti chikamu chikuru chenharaunda dzeAztec Empire chaisanganisira vanhu vakakundwa. Maguta aya aichengeta vatongi vawo nemararamiro avo, asi vaifanira kukudza guta guru.
Iyi mitero yakaunza kusagutsikana mumaguta akadzorwa, ayo mukutsiva akabatsirazve maSpanish kugumisa hutongi hweTenochtitlan.
Sangano rezvematongerwo enyika reAztec: nhamba dzesimba
The Huey Tlatoani: akanga ari mukurumbira anokosha zvikuru musangano revaAztec. Airangarirwa somumiriri wavamwari, ndiko kuti, mumiriri wakananga wavamwari. Mazwi anoti huey tlatoani anogona kuturikirwa se "great speaker".
VaHuey Tlatoani vakasarudzwa nepīpiltin, boka revakuru vakuru vakaumba kanzuru yeAztec. Vamwe vanyori vanosimbisa kuti nyika yeAztec yakashanda semhando yehumambo hwenhaka, sezvo chete vana ve tlatoani vaigona kuwana chinzvimbo ichi.
Iyo Cihuacoatl: Mukati mechimiro chezvematongerwo enyika, vaCihuacóatl vakatora nzvimbo yechipiri mukati mesimba resimba. Vaiva vapristi vakuru uye basa ravo rakanga rakafanana neremutungamiriri wehurumende.
Kazhinji, vaCihuacóatl vaiva nebasa rokutsiva tlatoani kana pasina; Aivawo mutongi mukuru mumatare edzimhosva nemauto.
Mukuwedzera, vaCihuacóatl vaigona kuronga nzendo dzechiuto uye kudana musangano wesarudzo kana boka raizofa.
Dare kana Tlatocan: rakanga riri komiti yeAztec uye rakanga rakaumbwa neboka revarume 14 vevakuru, vaiva nechimwe chezvinzvimbo zvinotevera:
-Vatungamiriri vezvitendero.
– Vatungamiri.
– Vatungamiriri vemauto.
- Misoro yevanhu kana mhuri dzakakosha.
– Varairidzi vehondo.
Pamisangano yekanzuru, veCihuacóatl vakaronga nyaya yaizokurukurwa uye dzimwe nhengo dzacho dzakapa maonero adzo. Pakangopera, Huey Tlatoani akaita sarudzo yekupedzisira zvichienderana nesarudzo dzakaunzwa nevapi vezano vake. Nokuda kweichi chikonzero, vanyori venhau vanobvuma kuti mitezo yetlatocan yakanga iri vanhu vane pesvedzero zvikuru munzanga yeAztec.
The Tlacochcalcatl: rinoshandura se "murume weimba yedarts" uye raishandiswa kureva vakuru veMexico. Muchisarudzo chemauto, Tlacochcalcatl yakatora yechipiri mushure meTlatoanis. Vakuru vemauto ava vaive nebasa rekutungamirira mauto nekuronga danidziro dzehondo. Mukuwedzera, iyo Tlacochcalcatl yaifanirawo kuchengetedza zvombo zvemauto, izvo zvakachengetwa muTlacochcalco (imba yedarts).
The Tlacateccatl: Akanga ari mauto akatevera Tlacochcalcatl inokosha. Basa revarwi ava rakanga riri rokudzivirira misasa yaiva pakati peTenochtitlán. The Tlacateccatl kazhinji yakabatsira Tlacochcalcatl mukuita zvisarudzo uye mukutonga kwemauto.
Iyo Huitzncahuatlailotlac uye Tizociahuacatl: nzvimbo idzi dzakashandiswa kugadza vatongi vakuru mukati meAztec Empire. Chinangwa chevakuru ava chaive chekuita ruramisiro kunzanga yeMexico; saizvozvowo, zvinzvimbo zvacho zvaiwanzoitwa nevanhu vakapfuma uye vakadzidza.
The Tlatoani kana mukuru wepurovhinzi: vaiva vabati vematunhu evaAztec. Vaiva nebasa rekuchengetedza runyararo mukati menharaunda dzavo.
Kunyange zvazvo vakanga vane humwe rusununguko, vaifanira kusangana nehuey tlatoani nguva nenguva kuti vataure nezvekukura kwepurovhinzi uye kuendesa nhoroondo pamusoro pekuunganidza kwemitero.
The Tecuhtli: Shoko iri rinoturikira kuti "ishe" uye rakashandiswa kureva vatariri vemitero. Mune mamwe mazwi, tecuhtli vaive vatariri vane basa rekuunganidza mitero.
Kutungamirirwa kwesimba kubva kumitero kana mitero
Kuti vachengetedze kurongeka nechiremera munzvimbo dzakanga dzakundwa, mapurovhinzi ose eAztec aifanira kubhadhara nhevedzano yemitero kuitira kuti zvigopiwa kuTenochtitlán.
Muzhinji, mitero yaive zvinhu zvakanangana (chikafu, machira, pakati pezvimwe) zvakatumirwa nemagavhuna pazvirongwa zvenguva dzose (kureva, nguva nenguva pagore).
Saizvozvowo, mapurovhinzi aiburitsa mitero iyi aimbove nharaunda dzine mimwe mitauro nezvitendero zviri pasi pezviremera zveTenochtitlán.
Nharaunda idzi dzakabvuma kuita muripo uyu nekuti dzakanga dzisina simba remauto reAztec. Muchokwadi, kana vasina kubhadhara mutero, iyo Mexica inogona kutyisidzira nharaunda idzi nekurwiswa kwehondo.
Kutungamirirwa kwematunhu
Maererano nezvinyorwa zveSpain, Humambo hweAztec hwakakamurwa kuita matunhu makumi matatu nemasere. Idzi nharaunda, pashure pokunge dzakundwa navaAztec, dzakachengeta madzishe omunzvimbomo uye dzakava norusununguko rwakati rwokuita magamuchidzanwa avo netsika.
Kutenda kumitero kubva kumapurovhinzi aya, Triple Alliance yakakwanisa kupararira nekukasira ikava humambo hukuru. Izvi zvakaitika nekuti mitero yakashandiswa kupa mari kwete mauto ehondo chete, asiwo kusimudzira kwezvivakwa uye zvekurima.
Yako modhi uye system
Richiperekedzwa neunyanzvi hwechiuto, sangano rezvematongerwo enyika revaAztec rakanga rakavakirwa pachirongwa chakagadzirirwa kuve nechokwadi chesimba munzvimbo dzese dzakakundwa muMesoamerica.
Nenzira iyi, nevakuru vakasiyana vaidzora matunhu pasi pehutongi hwemari mumhando, vakakwanisa kuita kuti maguta mazhinji azviise pasi pehumambo.
The Triple Alliance musangano rezvematongerwo enyika reAztec
Nekutanga chikuva chainzi Triple Alliance, sangano rezvematongerwo enyika remaAztec rakatenderedza mubatanidzwa wematunhu matatu emaguta, anoti Tenochtitlán, Texcoco neTlacopan.
Iyi Commonwealth yakarwa hondo dzinoverengeka dzekukunda dzakaibvumira kuti ikure nekukurumidza, zvisinei, guta reTenochtitlán ragara riri iro rakanyanya kudyidzana.
Kunyange zvazvo simba rakagadzwa iri rinogona kuonekwa seisina kunanga, nokuti vazhinji vevatongi venzvimbo dzakakundwa vakaramba vari munzvimbo dzavo, mutero wakapiwa neTriple Alliance wakadhura Mexica kugumbuka kwevanhu vanozviisa pasi.
Zvekuti vazhinji vavo vakabatsira vakundi kukunda humambo. Ukuwo, hutungamiri hwehurumende hwetsika dzechiAztec hwakanga hwakavakirwa pasimba revakuru vaiva pasi poutongi hwamambo.
Kuti sangano rezvematongerwo enyika revaAztec rakanga rakaita sei
Nezvinangwa zvezvakambotaurwa, sangano rezvematongerwo enyika remaAztec rakavakirwa pasimba revakuru, raive nehumambo hunotevera:
- Mambo kana Huey Tlatoani, uyo akanga ane simba raMwari, akaisa pfungwa dzose dzezvematongerwe enyika, zvechitendero, zvehondo, zvekutengeserana uye zvemagariro eumambo, uyezve, akagadza vatongi vemaguta uye akakurudzira kukura kwenharaunda zvichienderana nehondo. yekukunda, kuwana huwandu hukuru hwemitero.
- Supreme Council kana Tlatocán, iyo yakatsigira Huey Tlatoani muzvisarudzo zvehurumende, yakaumbwa nenhengo dzeAztec bureaucracy.
- Cihuacóatl kana kuti mukuru wevapristi, aiva munhu aivimbwa namambo, uyo aimubvisira mabasa ake paainge asipo.
- Tlacochcálcatl naTlacatécatl ndivo vaiva nebasa rekuronga hondo, vachigadzira mazano ehondo uye kuvatungamirira, vachiva nemhosva yekukunda nekukundwa.
- Huitzncahuatlailotlac naTizociahuácatl vaiva vatongi vakuru vehurumende yeAztec.
- Tlatoani kana kuti changamire, wevakuru, aitonga maguta eumambo hwacho.
- Tecuhtli, kana magweta emitero, aive nebasa rekubhadhara kwakaringana mitero munzvimbo dzakakundwa.
- Calpullec, yakaumbwa nevatungamiriri vakasiyana veCalpullis.
Zvinogona kugumiswa kuti sangano rezvematongerwo enyika revaAztec rinoratidza kuti imwe yezvakanaka zvebudiriro huru iyi yaive chaiyo simba rayo guru rehondo uye nhanho yesangano rezvematongerwo enyika-nzvimbo, izvo zvakaguma nehupfumi hukuru.
Kana wawana chinyorwa ichi chinonakidza, tinokukoka iwe kuti unakirwe nezvimwe izvi: