Guta reTeotihuacán rakanga riri musha weimwe yebudiriro dzakanyanya kusimba munguva yePre-Columbian, nhasi inzvimbo yenhoroondo isina kusiya micherechedzo yakawanda yekuti vanhu vayo vakaita sei, tsvaga nesu kuti chii Social Organisation yeTeotihuacanos.
Ndivanaani vaiva vaTeotihuacanos?
MaTeotihuacanos aigara mune yaimbova chikamu cheguta reTeotihuacán uye parizvino iri Mupata weMexico, unoenderana neimwe yetsika dzakanyanya kukosha dzakaumbwa muPre-Columbian America iri pakati penharaunda America kondinendi.
Kunyangwe isiri budiriro ine mukurumbira sevamwe verudzi rumwe chete, yaimiririra chinhu chakakosha mukuumbwa kwedzimwe tsika dzekutanga munharaunda imwechete yeMesoamerican. Nekudaro, zvisinei nekusvika kwayo kukuru, inoenderana neimwe yenzvimbo dzisingazivikanwe, sezvo midzi yayo uye kupararira zvichiri chakavanzika chakakwana kune nyanzvi nhasi.
Kuvandudzwa kwetsika inoyevedza iyi kwakatora makore akawanda, kuva nemavambo ayo gore ra300 risati rasvika. C., kunyange zvazvo kudzidziswa kwake kungave kwakatanga makore mashomanana akanga apfuura kana kuti gare gare. Kubva panguva iyoyo zvichienda mberi, mapoka akatanga kupatsanuka, achigadzira nharaunda nekuwedzera, izvo zvishoma nezvishoma zvakapa budiriro yebudiriro iyi.
Mugore ra200 a. C. ingangoita, ndipo apo tsika dzeTeotihuacanos dzaive pakakwirira, kuve huwandu hwevanhu hwakanga huri pesvedzero huru kune vagari vepedyo vaive vachipararira muCentral America yese. Kudonha kwebudiriro iyi kwakatorawo nguva yakareba, yaive pakati pe650 ne850 AD. C. uye nhasi, chinhu chete chakasara chezvaiva tsika iyi ndiyo yakasara yeguta rayo guru.
Iyi inzvimbo yakanzi World Heritage Site neUNESCO uye inoshanda senzvimbo yenhoroondo kwaunogona zvakare kuita zvekushanya, uchigamuchira kushanya kubva kuMexico nevagari vekunze, kunyangwe zvakasara zviriwo zvinotarisisa zvidzidzo zvinotsvaga kunzwisisa. Hunhu hwevanhu yakabatana nechitendero chinoumbwa mutsika imwe neimwe yakazvimirira.
Social Structure yeTeotihuacanos
Yakanga iri nyanzvi yesainzi panhoroondo yevanhu vekare uye budiriro vakawana chikamu chikuru chenhoroondo yeTeotihuacanos, zvichibva pane zvishoma zvakasiiwa nevakagara vekare verudzi, senge chimiro chepiramidhi, hunyanzvi. , zvinyorwa nezvimwe zvinhu zvechiverengero ichi.
Zvisinei, zvinofungidzirwawo kuti ruzivo urwu haruna chokwadi zvachose, sezvo makore 600 mushure mokunge hupfumi hwawa, vaiva vaAztec vakatora nzvimbo uye vakajekesa zvakawanda zvemashoko akawanikwa pamusoro petsika yekare.
Kunyange zvazvo ruzivo rwakawanikwa pamusoro petsika iyi rwakakura, chinogona kuwanikwa ndechokuti sangano remagariro eTeotihuacan tsika Yaitongwa nehurongwa hwehutungamiriri uye avo vakaramba vari pachinzvimbo chepamusoro vaive vanhu vane simba repamusoro remagariro nehupfumi, vaitungamirwa nezvitendero zvechitendero zvakaiswa mutsika yeMesoamerican kutungamira vagari vemo.
Budiriro yakave nekuputsika kwekirasi kwakasimba uye kurongeka kwevagari vayo kwakapihwa nemapoka akasiyana aimiririra chinzvimbo chemagariro evagari vayo. Uku kusarudzika kunosanganisirawo dzimba nenzvimbo, zvinofungidzirwa kuti makamuri makuru ari padyo nemapiramidhi makuru aive emagavhuna nevapristi, vaive venzvimbo yepamusoro yeiyi yakarongeka yemagariro.
Chitendero muSocial Organisation yeTeotihuacanos
Tinofanira kusimbisa kukosha kwaiitwa nebudiriro iyi kuchitendero, vakanga vakazvipira zvikuru uye vainamata vanamwari vakawanda, zvinoreva kuti vainamata vamwari vakasiyana-siyana, vachinyengetera nguva dzose kune wavaida kana kuti uyo akanga akanyanya kuvanakira munguva dzenhamo nenharo. . Vamwari vavo vakuru vaive nyeredzi dzeMwedzi neZuva, zvekutanga kubvira pavakatsaurira piramidhi kune mumwe nemumwe, apo tsika dzakasiyana dzinozvipira kuratidza kuvimbika.
Mapiramidhi akanga akarongwa zvakarurama, nenzira yokuti nzvimbo yawo yaienderana nenzvimbo yenyeredzi uye kuti aipesvedzera zvakananga miitiro yaiitwa imomo. Pamusoro paikoku, mazuva acho akanga akakosha zvikuru pakukurukura navamwari vavo, vakanga vari vatendi vanonyanyisa zvokusagona kusiya chinhu chipi nechipi chichiitika pazvidhori.
Zvizhinji zvezvinhu izvi zvinogona zvakare kuenderana zvakananga kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzesainzi dzakadai seyemuchadenga, dzavakashandisa kuona vamwari vavo, nzvimbo dzenyeredzi uye kurongeka kwavanochengeta nguva nenguva nemiviri iri pasi, zvichibva pazvidzidzo izvi. vakatsanangura karenda yavo inoratidza mazuva ayo nyeredzi yakaratidzwa panyika, pairi sainzi yeTeotihuacanos.
Sangano rezvematongerwo enyika reTeotihuacán
Nyanzvi dzinofungidzira kuti chimiro chezvematongerwo enyika chaidzorwa netsika iyi chaifanira kunyatsorongeka uye kurongeka kuitira kutonga budiriro yakakura uye ine vanhu kwenguva yakareba. Dzidziso huru ndeyokuti maTeotihuacanos aitungamirirwa nevatongi vakati wandei vaive vechimiro chimwe chete neboka rezvematongerwo enyika basa ravo raive rekuita sarudzo dzakakosha zvikuru mukusimudzira veruzhinji.
Nekune rimwe divi, basa remunhu wega wega wevatongi ava raive rekutora chikamu cheguta, kunyangwe chimwe chazvo chine simba rakakura kupfuura mamwe uye chimwe nechimwe chezvisikwa izvi chinoratidza kukosha kukuru kupfuura zvimwe, pamwe chete vakaumba. paramende yaitarisira imwe yebudiriro yakakosha panguva iyoyo uye kunyanya yaitarisira sangano rezvemagariro eTeotihuacanos.
Chinhu chakakosha pakuvandudzwa kwetsika iyi yaive mauto ehondo, ayo kunyangwe aisambozivikanwa nekuve nehasha kana kurwa, mubatanidzwa wavo wemauto waive wakasimba uye wakasimba zvakakwana kuchengetedza nzanga iyi kwenguva yakareba.
Zvisingazivikanwe zvichiri kuenderera nanhasi ndezvekuti nyika yakakwanisa sei kuita kuti vanhu vemarudzi akasiyana uye mapoka emarudzi atsigire budiriro pamwe chete kwenguva yakareba, imhinduro inotsvakwa zvakanyanya sezvo ingave iri mhinduro yekuparadzaniswa kwakacherechedzwa kwevanhu muParizvino. , muchiitiko chakaipisisa, iyi mhinduro inobvira yaizoparira gakava pakati pemitezo yenzanga yanhasi.
Kana ari sangano rehupfumi reTeotihuacán, chimiro ichi chakava muenzaniso wokutevedzera kune dzimwe nzanga, sezvo chakanga chiri gadziriro yakanyatsorongeka yakatora nzvimbo dzose dzebasa dzaishandiswa navatorwa. Nekuda kweizvi, nyika dzemuganho dzakabatana nehurongwa uhu hwakaita kuti imba yemugari wega wega uye nharaunda dzese dzive dzakanaka.
Basa guru rebasa re sangano rezvemagariro eTeotihuacanos iyo yakaunza purofiti kuhomwe yenharaunda uye kune vese vagari vechikamu chikuru kwaive kudyara nekukohwa kwemidziyo inoburitsa inodiwa mbishi yekutsanangudza kwechikafu chinoenderana nebhasikiti rekutanga remugari wega wega.
Panguva imwe chete iyo yavakatsanangura hunyanzvi hwakachinja nzira yekutonga nzanga panguva iyoyo, senge zvigadzirwa uye michina yaifambisa basa rinorema, pamusoro peizvi, vaive imwe yemasangano ekutanga kuita iyo inozivikanwa barter, uko. vakataurirana nevanhu kana vatongi vedzimwe tsika kuti vaite rudzi rwesonganiro yakavakirwa pakubvumirana uye zvaizobatsira mativi ose.