Dzidza zvakawanda nezvenhoroondo yechimwe chezvivezwa zvinonyanya kuratidza uye zvine mukurumbira wenguva dzese; “rudo uye psyche”, yakagadzirwa nemuvezi ane mukurumbira uye muvezi wekubva kuItaly Antonio Canova. Icho chivezwa neoclassical marble.
rudo uye psyche
Basa re "Love and psyche", iro rinozivikanwawo sePsyche rakamutsidzirwa nekutsvoda kwerudo, nderimwe reakakosha uye echiratidzo mabasa eunyanzvi munhoroondo. Tiri kutaura nezvechivezwa chemarble chena chakatanga kugadzirwa muzana remakore rechiXNUMX.
Munhu ane mutoro wekuita basa Amor y Psyche akanga asiri chimwe chinhu uye chimwe chinhu chiri pasi pemufananidzo weItaly akaberekwa Antonio Canova. Iri basa rinoita chirevo cheSocratic kune fungidziro yeEros (Rudo) iro rinoita basa rekubatanidza muviri nemweya uchishandisa manzwiro uye njere zvinokurudzira zvinorumbidza rudo rwekuda.
Chivezwa chakagadzirwa naCanova parizvino chinogona kuwanikwa muLouvre Museum muguta reParis, kwachakachengeterwa. Iri basa raive rimwe reanomiririra uye ane mukurumbira mubasa reunyanzvi raAntonio Canova, rinoonekwa nevakawanda semumwe wevanonyanya kukosha vavezi uye vapendi veneoclassicism.
Historia
Muvezi uye muvezi wekubva kuItaly, Antonio Canova, akapihwa basa rekugadzira chivezwa ichi chakakosha, chine mukurumbira pasi rose. Rudo uye Psyche yakanyatsogadzirwa mumakore gumi e1787, apo Canova akanga ari mutariri wekuiumba, zvisinei makore akawanda aifanira kupfuura chivezwa chisati chapera zvachose.
Chivezwa chinozivikanwa se "Love and Psyche" chakapedzwa naCanova mugore ra 1793. Canova, yakatsanangurwa nevakawanda semumwe wevaveri veneoclassical mukuru munhoroondo, akaita nhamburiko huru kuti anzwisise basa iri reunyanzvi. Chivezwa chakasimuka mushure mekukumbira kwakaitwa panguva iyoyo neBritish Colonel John Campbell.
Basa racho rakazowanikwa nemutengesi nemuunganidzi wechiDutch Henry Hoppe mumakore ekuma 1800. Imwe nguva gare gare raizoguma rave mumaoko aMambo weNaples nemukuwasha waNapoleon, Joachim Murat, uyo akaritora kuti ariratidze pakati. mabwe anokosha enhare yake. Zvinonzi chivezwa ichi chikamu cheimwe yeshanduro nhanhatu dzengano yeCupid uye Psyche, isina kufa naApuleius muMetamorphosis yake (The Golden Ass), yakagadzirwa naAntonio Canova.
Nhasi chivezwa chinogona kuonwa muLouvre Museum, iri muguta revashanyi reParis, muFrance. Iri rimwe remabhuku anoyemurwa zvikuru uye ane mukurumbira munhoroondo. Maererano nengano, Psyche aiva mwanasikana akanaka uye anoyevedza, mwanasikana wamambo weAsia. Runako rwake rwakamuita kuti afananidzwe neaAphrodite asingakanganwiki, chimwe chinhu icho Aphrodite, samwarikadzi werunako, aisada zvikuru.
Nyaya yacho inotaura kuti Aphrodite, pakati pekutsamwiswa kwake pakuenzanisa kwakadaro, akaedza kuranga princess Psyche kaviri, asi haana kumbofunga kuti mwanakomana wake Eros, mwari wechiGiriki werudo, aizoguma ave kupenga murudo naPsyche.
Iri basa rinoitwa pasi peiyo neoclassical maitiro. Chivezwa chine hurefu hunosvika 1,55 metres, pakureba chinoyera 1,68 metres, nepo muhupamhi, chivezwa chiri kutenderera 1,01 metres. Canova yekuItaly yakaigadzira nematombo ematombo, ndokusaka ichionekwa serimwe remabasa anokosha zvikuru munhoroondo.
Muvezi weItaly nemuvezi akashandisa nzira yekuvezera kugadzira chidimbu chechiratidzo ichi. Basa rinomiririra Psyche yakamutswa neCupid's kiss yerudo. Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti chivezwa ichi chinonongedza nenzira inoshamisa kurudo rwese, shungu uye chishuwo chinomuka zvisingatarisirwi pakati pevaviri vanodanana.
Ngano
Sezvatataura zvishoma pamusoro apa, basa reRudo uye Psyche neItaly Antonio Canova, inomiririra yakananga yenyaya inonakidza yePsyche uye Cupid kubva kuApuleius's The Metamorphosis. Mune ngano, Psyche inomiririrwa seyakanaka uye inoyevedza muchindakadzi. Runako rwake rusingarambiki rwakakonzera godo rakawanda muhupenyu hwaAphrodite.
Pakati pegodo rake, Aphrodite anofunga kutumira mwanakomana wake Cupid kuti apfure museve kwaari uye nekudaro anoita kuti muchindakadzi ade murudo nemurume anotyisa muumambo hwese. Zvisinei, zvirongwa zvaifungwa naAphrodite hazvina kukonzera migumisiro yaaitarisira.
Aphrodite's cupid son akapedzisira ava kupenga murudo naPrincess Psyche, achirasa hurongwa hwese hwaamai vake. Pakupedzisira, akabvisa museve uye akasiya chinangwa chaAphrodite. Cupid ainyatsoziva hunhu hwaamai vake. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichocho anosarudza kuvanza rudo rwake Psyche murima.
Psyche, pasinei nekusakwanisa kuona chiso chaEros nekuda kwerima, yakaguma ichidanana naye zvakafanana. Pane imwe nguva, mwanasikana wamambo akanga asingachagoni kuramba achida kuona chitarisiko chomudiwa wake, saka akabatidza mwenje. Paakaubatidza, donhwe remafuta rakadonha kubva pamwenje ndokupisa chiso chemudiwa wake.
Eros, akashatirwa nezvakanga zvaitika, akaita sarudzo yekusiya Princess Psyche ndokuenda kure. Psyche, zvisinei, haadi kusiya rudo rwake rwechokwadi. Ndosaka achifunga kumutsvaga apererwa kusvika aenda kugehena. Eros, achiri murudo, akaenda kunotsvaka muchindakadzi wake, uyo akanga ari pakoma nokuti akanga afukura chipfuva chizere ne "hope dzakaoma":
Nekiss akakwanisa "kuchenesa akati hope kubva mumaziso ake." Vaviri ava vakavimbisana kuti havaizoparadzana zvakare uye vakagara vachifara.
ngano uye muchidimbu
Zvinoenderana nezvinotsanangurwa nenhoroondo, kusafa naApuleius mune yake Metamorphosis (Iyo Goridhe Gongi), Princess Psyche aionekwa seakanakisa uye anoyevedza pakati pehanzvadzi dzake nhatu. Iye, kunze kwokuva akanaka zvikuru, akanga ariwo gotwe. Vakadzi ava vaiva vanasikana vamambo weAnatolian.
Aphrodite, azere neruvengo uye godo pamusoro pekunaka kwePsyche, anosarudza kutumira mwanakomana wake Eros (cupid) kuti atange museve kurwisa muchindakadzi. Pfungwa yemuseve uyu yaive yekuita kuti Psyche ade murudo nemunhu anotyisa uye anotyisa muumambo. Zvisinei, Eros akawira murudo naye uye akakanda museve wepereti mugungwa, apo Psyche akarara, akamubhururutsira kumuzinda wake.
Kuedza kudzivirira kutsamwa kwaAphrodite, kana aine muchindakadzi mumuzinda wake, Eros anoratidza nguva dzese husiku, pakati perima. Eros anorambidza Psyche kuedza kuongorora chero ruzivo nezvehuzivi hwake. Anofarira kuti asamboona chiso chake chaicho. Parizvino, vari vaviri vanodanana zvakapenga mukati merima.
Pane imwe nguva, Psyche akaudza Eros kuti aisuwa dzimwe hanzvadzi dzake mbiri zvikuru uye kuti aishuva kuvaona zvakare. Eros akabvuma chikumbiro chemudiwa wake, asi akamuyambirawo kuti hanzvadzi dzake dzaizoda kugumisa mufaro wake. Zuva rakatevera, Psyche akabatanidzwazve nehanzvadzi dzake, avo vakamubvunza negodo kuti murume wake aiva ani.
Mwana wamambo akashaya kuti otsanangurira hanzvadzi dzake sei kuti murume wake aive ani sezvo aive asati amboona chiso chake. Haana zvimwe zvaaigona kuita kunze kwekungotaura kuti aive jaya raivhima,zvisinei akazongoreurura chokwadi chese. Akavaudza kuti akanga asinganyatsozivi kuti murume wake ndiani.
Saka, hanzvadzi dzemwanasikana wamambo, dzakamusimbisa kuti pakati pehusiku, aizotungidza mwenje uye akwanise kuona chiso chemudiwa wake. Hanzvadzi dzacho dzakamuudza kuti murume wake aigona kuva chikara, sezvo pakanga pasina imwe tsananguro yokuti asavanza kuzivikanwa kwake.
Psyche inoguma ichiwira kumutambo wehanzvadzi dzake uye inosarudza kutsvaga mwenje uye kuishandura, kuitira kuti aone chiso chemurume wake. Donhwe remafuta ari kufashaira rakadonha pachiso chaEros aive akarara. Panguva iyoyo anomuka ndokubhadhara, akaodzwa mwoyo, muchindakadzi wake waanoda.
Kana muchindakadzi aona chikanganiso chaaita, anokumbira Aphrodite kuti amubvumire kuwanazve rudo rwaEros, zvisinei mwarikadzi anovenga anomurayira kuita mabasa mana, asingagoneki kumunhu anofa, asati awana mudiwa wake. Pakupedzisira, kunze kwekusateerera kwemukadzi wechidiki, Eros anosarudza kumuponesa nekutsvoda kubva muhope dzakadzika uye dzinouraya dzaakange arangwa.
Eros akamurevererawo pamberi paZeus kuti amugamuchire paOlympus, nokudaro achiva munhu asingafi.
Etymology yezwi rokuti psyché
Izwi rechiito rechiGiriki rokuti ψύχω, psycho, rinoreva "kufuridza". Kubva muchiito ichi izwi rekuti ψυχή rinoumbwa, iro rinotanga richireva mweya, mweya kana mweya uyo munhu anoburitsa mweya kana afa. Sezvo mweya iwoyo unoramba uri mumunhu kusvika pakufa kwake, ψυχή unosvika pakureva hupenyu.
"Apo psyche inopukunyuka kubva muchitunha, inotungamirira hupenyu huri kuzvimiririra: vaGiriki vaifungidzira sechimiro chemapapiro, anthropomorphic, kaviri kana eidolon yevakafa, uyo aiwanzoguma muHadhesi, kwaakapona nenzira ine rima uye mweya. ."
Mukuwirirana neizvo Homer anotaura panhambo dzinoverengeka, psyché inobhururuka ichibuda mumuromo wechinhu chinofa, sokunge kuti ishavishavi (iro muchiGiriki rinonyorwawo nenzira imwe cheteyo; psyché). Nechikonzero ichi, vanhu vazhinji vanoona psychopomp mu butterfly.
Unogonawo kufarira zvinyorwa zvinotevera: