Ziva izvo Postmodern Art ine

Yakagadzirirwa nevagadziri vayo nevateveri senzira yakafara muunyanzvi inoratidza kutsvaga zvirevo zvitsva nevatambi vemazuva ano, iyo postmodern art  ndiyo mhinduro mukutsvaga uku kune dambudziko retsika dzechinyakare.

POSTMODERN ART

postmodern art

Zvinodavirwa kuti muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX kunonzi “rufu rwezvinhu zvikuru zvinokosha” rwakaitika: Mwari, munhu nomunyori. Mune mamwe mazwi, nheyo yechitendero yakazununguswa, dambudziko remafungiro evanhu rakamuka, uye vagadziri vakabva pakugadzira imwe itsva kusvika pakufunga zvakare yekare.

Postmodernism mune art chikamu chemaitiro epasirese ayo akambundirwa netsika dzepasirese nehuzivi. Postmodernism haisi nzira imwe chete, asi yakaoma yenzira, yakabatanidzwa neyakafanana ideological hwaro. Vazhinji vavo vanotorwisana.

Postmodernism ishoko rinobva mumutauro wechiFrench (postmodernisme). Iri zita rinoratidza zvinorehwa negwara rakatsiva hunyanzvi hwenguva yemazuva ano (kwete kuvhiringika nemazuvano). Mukupera kwezana ramakore rechi XNUMX nekuvamba kwezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, kufamba kwechimanjemanje (kana avant-garde) kwakabata chibharo chikuru kuunyanzvi hwechinyakare. Asi zvishoma nezvishoma vagadziri vakarega kugutsikana nemaitiro emazuva ano.

Zvichienderana nehuwandu hwekuvandudza tekinoroji, postmodernism yakatungamira mukuedzwa kwehunyanzvi nemedia mitsva uye mafomu matsva eunyanzvi kweanoda kusvika makumi mashanu emakore, kusanganisira hunyanzvi hwekufungidzira, mhando dzakasiyana dzekuita uye kuisirwa kwehunyanzvi, uye makomputa emhepo senge deconstructivism uye tekinoroji. .

Hunhu hwe postmodernism

Jean-François Lyotard nevamwe vaongorori vanotsanangura hwaro hwemweya hwechimanjemanje sekutenda kusingazununguki mukufambira mberi kwakadzikama kwekumisikidza kwakadzama kwepasirese uye nzira zvishoma nezvishoma yeruzivo rwakakwana. Zvirongwa zvoudzvinyiriri zvomuzana remakore rechiXNUMX zvakazvidza zvachose unhu hwakakwana hwemhando dzakadaro.

POSTMODERN ART

Hezvino zvikonzero zvekuda kutsanangura postmodernism sekuzorora kwekuziva nemazuva ano. Postmodernism inoramba kwete chete kutenda kwemazuva ano mukufambira mberi, asiwo kuvapo kwechinangwa chinonzwisisika chechokwadi. Dzidziso yePostmodern uye aesthetics inofunga kuti ruzivo rwese, kuona kwese, uye nzvimbo yese yekuziva uye kuvapo zvinoiswa pasi pehukama. Pfungwa huru yepostmodernism ndeye kuwanda.

Chishuvo chemazuva ano chekugara chichigadzira chimwe chinhu chitsva, uye nzira dzeunyanzvi dzinoshandiswa kuzviita, dzinoonekwa sechigadziro, chakasimbiswa, uye chisisashandi mune postmodernism. Nheyo yekuti hapana chitsva chinogona kugadzirwa chinoita kuti kushandiswa kwemakotesheni kuve kwakakosha stylistic chimiro che postmodern art.

Kudiwa kwekuvhurika mune pfungwa yeunyanzvi uye hunyanzvi hwemunhu hunovhura zvingangoita zvisingaperi kune rumwe rutivi: postmodernism inovhura akasiyana emhando nyowani dzekutaura nekuyambuka miganhu yemhando.

Imwe nzira inowanzoshandiswa yepostmodern era ndeye collage. Iri izwi, rakagadzirwa mukutanga XNUMXth century yezvinamira zveDada, rakakura zvakanyanya munguva yemazuva ano. Inosanganisira, semuenzaniso, kuisirwa kwakakura, matekiniki emufirimu kana maitiro ekuumbwa kwemimhanzi.

Vanyori vakaita saUmberto Eco (Zita reRose), vagadziri vezvivakwa vakaita saFriedensreich Hundertwasser (Hundertwasserhaus, Vienna) uye vanyori vakaita saKeith Haring vanoedza kuvhara mukaha pakati pekunzwisisa kweelitist kwehunyanzvi uye tsika yakawanda; izvi, zvakare, chinhu chakakosha che postmodern aesthetics.

Mazhinji mabasa emazuva ano, kunyanya muhunyanzvi hwekuita, haadi kunzwisiswa semhedzisiro yakakwana, asi segadziriro yekuyedza. Mharidzo ichave zvidimbu (zvinyorwa: Roland Barthes, Zvimedu zvemutauro werudo) kana basa riri kuenderera mberi (dance theatre: William Forsythe, mutambo waScott) pamatanho akasiyana ekukura kwayo.

POSTMODERN ART

Vatsoropodzi veArt vanopa mhinduro dzakasiyana kumubvunzo wekuti chii chinonzi postmodernism mukupenda, sezvo tsika yemazuva ano chinhu chakawanda uye haina nzvimbo yakajeka yepfungwa. Postmodernists havana kugadzira canon yepasirese, uyezve, vakaramba kugadzira imwe musimboti. Zvichida chinhu chimwe chete chinokosha chinoziviswa nevatsigiri vemuitiro uyu rusununguko rusingaperi rwokutaura.

Postmodernism haisi kufamba, asi inzira yekufunga. Nokudaro, hapana rondedzero imwe chete yezvimiro zvinotsanangura "postmodern art." Nekudaro, kune akati wandei maitiro ayo ari hunhu hwepostmodern art:

  • Rusununguko rusingagumi uye rwakakwana rwemuiti mukusarudza nzira dzekuzviratidza.
  • Funga zvakare mifananidzo yechinyakare, unosanganisira iyo mune imwe mamiriro matsva (saka kupararira kwakakura kwezvigadziriso, dudziro, makotesheni ehunyanzvi, zvikwereti, zvirevo).
  • Syncretism, ndiko kuti, kusanganiswa kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana kuita imwe chete, iyo dzimwe nguva inopikisana (somuenzaniso, kushandiswa kwemaitiro akasiyana-siyana nemuiti wemifananidzo, kana kunyange musanganiswa wekupenda nemamwe marudzi eunyanzvi).
  • Nhaurirano, kureva, kutarisa nyaya kubva kumativi akasiyana, kubva panzvimbo ye "manzwi" akasiyana, ayo anozopedzisira agadzira polyphonic «symphony».
  • Chimiro chekuratidzira chebasa, kukokwa kwemuoni kuti abatanidze basa rine zvarinoreva.
  • Zvinokatyamadza chimiro chekugadzira.
  • Kunyomba nekuzvida kwemunyori. Vanyori zvino vava kunyanya kusahadzika nezve "pfungwa huru" (semuenzaniso kuti kufambira mberi kwese kwakanaka).
  • Postmodernism chiratidzo chekusafara kwakapararira nehupenyu uye simba reiyo iripo kukosha masisitimu uye / kana matekinoroji kuunza shanduko yakanaka. Somugumisiro, chiremera, ruzivo rwokuzviwanira, zivo, uye zvinokurudzira zvakawira mukuzvidzwa.
  • Unyanzvi hwemazuva ano hwakaonekwa kwete chete se-elitist, asiwo sechena (mupfungwa yeganda reganda), inotungamirirwa nevarume, uye isingafariri vashoma. Ichi ndicho chikonzero postmodern art inotsigira hunyanzvi nevechitatu world artists, feminists, uye vashoma.

POSTMODERN ART

Postmodern, yemazuva ano uye yekupedzisira yemazuva ano art

Semutemo wakajairwa, hunyanzvi hwemashure uye art yemazuva ano zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya kana zvishoma zvakafanana. Zvakadaro, kubva pakuona kwehunyanzvi, art yemazuva ano inoreva "mushure memazuva ano" uye inoreva nguva yakatarwa kutanga makore akapoteredza 1970, nepo art yemazuva ano ichinyanya kushanduka kwenguva inosvika makore makumi mashanu nguva isati yasvika XNUMXs.

Parizvino nguva mbiri idzi dzinopindirana. Asi mugore ra2050 postmodern art (semuenzaniso kubva 1970-2020) inogona kunge yakatsiviwa neimwe nguva, zvisinei art yemazuva ano inovhara nguva kusvika gore iroro.

Muzvidzidzo zvekuona, izwi rekuti late modern rinoreva mafambiro kana mafambiro anoramba chinhu chimwe chete cheunyanzvi hwemazuva ano asi zvichirambira mutsika yemazuva ano. Zvitaera zvakaita seAbstract Expressionism (1948-65) zvaiitwa nevakawanda vemazuva ano maartist, kusanganisira Jackson Pollock naWillem De Kooning, avo vaipikisa mazhinji emakongiresi epamutemo ekupenda oiri.

Uye zvakadaro, hapana Pollock kana de Kooning angadai akaburitsa chero saRauschenberg's Erased De Kooning Drawing, sezvo vese vaive vatendi vakasimba mune pfungwa dzehuchokwadi uye zvinoreva.

Nhoroondo ye postmodern art

Yekutanga yakakosha dhizaini mushure meRenaissance yaive art yedzidzo, yakadzidziswa nemapurofesa muzvikoro. Muhunyanzvi hwedzidzo, masitayera mazhinji uye mafungu anobatana, senge classicism uye romanticism. Kubva muna 1870, nekusvika kwekufungidzira, unyanzvi hwemazuva ano hwakatanga. Hunhu hwekutanga hwakabuda munenge muna 1970, izvo zvino zvakapfupikiswa senge postmodern art.

POSTMODERN ART

Art yemazuva ano inonyanya kubatanidzwa nezana ramakore re1870-1970, kubva kuImpressionism kuenda kuPop Art, semuenzaniso. Pasinei nenjodzi dzakasiyana-siyana dzepasi pose (Hondo Yenyika I, furuu, Wall Street Crash, uye Kuderera Kukuru Kweupfumi) idzo dzakakanganisa zvakawanda zvezvaiitika panguva iyoyo, vanyori vemazuva ano vaiwanzoramba vachidavira mitemo inokosha yesayenzi yezvinhu zvakasikwa. chikonzero uye zvine musoro. kufunga.

Kazhinji kacho, kufanana nevakawanda vokuMadokero venguva iyoyo, vaidavira kuti upenyu hune chinangwa. Kufambira mberi ikoko kwesayenzi kwaingoerekana kwaitika, kuti Madokero echiKristu akanga ari pamusoro penyika yose, kuti varume vaiva vakuru kuvakadzi. Modernism yaitendawo mune zvinoreva, kukosha, uye kufambira mberi kweunyanzvi, kunyanya unyanzvi hwakanaka uye zvivakwa.

Vachitevera tsoka dzaLeonardo naMichelangelo, vaitenda muunyanzvi hwepamusoro, unyanzvi hunosimudzira uye hunofuridzira muoni akadzidza, uye kwete “unyanzvi hwakaderera” hunongofadza ruzhinji. Vakatora nzira inofambira mberi uye vakaona unyanzvi sechimwe chinhu chinofanirwa kugara chichishanduka, chichitungamirirwa neboka rinotungamirira re avant-garde artists.

Hondo Yenyika II uye Holocaust zvakashandura zvinhu zvose pasi. Paris yakangoerekana yatsiviwa neNew York seguta guru renyika yehunyanzvi. Pashure pehutsinye hwehondo, mifananidzo yose yokufananidzira yakangoerekana yaratidzika kuva isingakoshi, naizvozvo vanyori vemazuva ano vakatendeukira kumifananidzo isingaoneki kuti vazviratidze.

Zvinoshamisa kuti, Chikoro cheNew York, nemifananidzo yaJackson Pollock uye mufananidzo wakadzikama wemavara waMark Rothko, wakakurudzira kupora kwenguva pfupi muunyanzvi kumativi ose eAtlantic muma 1950. Vapendi veAvant-garde vakabudirira mukutsanangurazve miganhu yeabstract. kupenda, asi yakaramba iri mukati memiganhu yemazuva ano. Vaitenda mukugadzira echokwadi, akapedza mabasa eunyanzvi ane zvakakosha zvemukati.

POSTMODERN ART

Asi zvechimanjemanje zvakange zvave kusvika kumagumo. Zvakazarurwa zviri kukura zveShoah, bvunzo dzebhomba reatomu, Cuban Missile Crisis, uye Hondo yeVietnam zvakasiya vanhu vachiwedzera kuodzwa mwoyo nehupenyu nehunyanzvi.

Jasper Johns naRobert Rauschenberg vakanga vatogadzira mabhuku ekutanga eNeo-Dada nePop Art pakati pemakore ekuma 1950. Nenguva isipi Pop Art yaizounza unyanzvi hwemazuva ano, sematerevhizheni ekuAmerica aitarisa muTet Inogumbura ya1968 uye mhirizhonga. Democratic National Convention ya1968.

Kubva mukufamba uku kwenguva munhorondo yehunyanzvi, maitiro ehunyanzvi padivi pemugadziri uye neruzhinji anogonawo kusimbiswa. Iwo maartist uye vataridzi veazvino havana kutemerwa nemafungiro echinyakare edzidziso uye masangano evanopa maererano nehunyanzvi chii uye kuti hunyanzvi hunogona kuva chii. Mikana uye mashandisirwo ehunyanzvi zvave zvakasiyana-siyana pasina kuzvimanikidza kuisa imwe corset.

Zvivakwa zvemazuva ano zvakapesvedzerwa nechishuvo chekugadzira chimiro chitsva chemunhu wemazuva ano. Vagadziri vezvivakwa vaida kubvisa zvese zvinyorwa zvekare uye kugadzira chimwe chinhu chitsva zvachose. Izvi zvakatungamira kune iyo International Style (circa 1920-1970), dhizaini shoma yenguva dzose.

Sezvineiwo, makore akapoteredza 1970, vagadziri vezvivakwa zvemazuva ano vakatanga kumutsiridza zvivakwa zvezana ramakore rechi XNUMX nekugadzira zvivakwa zvine zvinhu zvinonakidza zvakatorwa kubva mutsika dzakakurumbira uye mamwe echinyakare mavakirwo ezvitaera. Zvimiro zvinoita sezvinonzvenga simba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi zvakagoneswawo nemikana mitsva inodzorwa nekombuta mukati megadziriro ye deconstructivism.

Bato repostmodernist rakaumbwa muma1960 nema1970, asi zvimiro zvekubuda kwaro zvine chekuita nedambudziko rekuona nyika rakamboitika kare. Pakati pavo: thesis yaSpengler pamusoro pekuderera kweEurope; kuparara kwekuziva kwevanhu nekuda kweHondo Yenyika I; kutaridzika kwesainzi yemazano pamusoro pekusaenderana uye kusajeka kwehurongwa hwepasirese (kubva kusiri kweEuclidean geometry kusvika kuquantum physics).

Izwi rekuti postmodern rakanga ratove kushandiswa mukupera kwezana ramakore rechi 1950 uyezve richiwedzera mukutanga kwezana ramakore rechi1970, asi muma1979 chete mupfungwa yezvarinoreva. Mukupera kwemaXNUMX, vanyori vaviri vakanyanya kubatsira mukumisikidza izwi sechinhu chisingaperi: Jean-François Lyotard nebasa rake La Condition postmoderne (Postmodern Knowledge, XNUMX) naCharles Jencks ane chinyorwa The Rise of Postmodern Architecture. .

Nekusuma izwi rekuti postmodern, modernism inotsanangurwa kekutanga senguva yakavharwa yenhoroondo (sekare kana Middle Ages isati yasvika). Postmodern yakave yakasimbiswa sezwi rechimiro, kunyanya mukuvaka.

Postmodernists vakagumisa kuti nyika yanhasi haigone kutsanangurwa mukati memaitiro echinyakare maitiro ehuzivi, sainzi, uye tsika. Naizvozvo, nzira dzechinyakare dzeunyanzvi hadzina kukwana kuzvitsanangura.

kushandiswa kwemichina

Iyo nguva yeapostmodern art yakabatana nekuunzwa kweakawanda matsva ekuona tekinoroji (seterevhizheni, mavhidhiyo, Internet, pakati pevamwe) uye kubatsirwa zvakanyanya kubva kwavari. Hutsva hutsva hwemavhidhiyo nemafomati mafomati akadzikisa kukosha kwehunyanzvi hwekudhirowa, uye kushandura matekinoroji matsva kwakabvumira maartist kupfupisa maitiro echinyakare ekugadzira art, asi vachiri kugadzira chimwe chinhu chitsva.

POSTMODERN ART

Postmodern art mafambiro uye masitaera

Parizvino hapasati pave nemafambiro makuru epasirese art mune postmodern art. Pane kudaro, nguva yakaona kusimuka kwenhamba nhete, hova dzenzvimbo, pamwe nemhando dzinoverengeka dzehunyanzvi, senge vhidhiyo nekupenda mazwi.

Pamusoro pezvo, pave paine akawanda emapoka emifananidzo, pamwe neapo-anti-postmodern centre kana maviri ane nhengo dzakaedza kuburitsa rudzi rwehunyanzvi urwo Michelangelo kana Picasso angadai achidada narwo.

Kubva neo-dadaism, postmodernists vakafarira kusanganisa zvinhu, kana kuunza zvinhu zvitsva kumhando dzechinyakare, kugadzira misanganiswa mitsva. Fernando Botero anopenda mifananidzo yechinyakare yevanhu vakafuta, Georg Baselitz anopenda zvimiro zvakatarisa pasi.

Gerhard Richter akabatanidza hunyanzvi hwekamera uye pendi mumifananidzo yake yema1970 yemifananidzo, ukuwo Jeff Koons akabatanidza mifananidzo yakanangana nevatengi nehunyanzvi hwekuvezwa kwakadzama kuti vagadzire zvivezwa zvake zvesimbi isina simbi.

Andreas Gursky anosanganisa kutora mafoto nemifananidzo inogadzirwa nekombuta kugadzira mabasa akadai saRhein II, ukuwo Jeff Wall anoshandisa mapikicha akagadziridzwa nedhijitari mukugadzira kwake mifananidzo yemazuva ano.

Hapana kubvumirana pakati pevatsoropodzi vehunyanzvi kuti ndeapi masitaera eunyanzvi anogona kuverengerwa seazvino art: semuenzaniso, mamwe masitaera akaiswa panguva imwe chete seavant-garde uye postmodern. Zvakadaro, runyorwa runotevera rwekufamba uye masitaera epostmodernism anogona kusiyaniswa:

Dadaism

VaDadaists vaidavira kuti utsinye hweHondo Yenyika I hwakazunungusa Europe, huchiunza marwadzo nekutambura kumamiriyoni evanhu, hwakanga huri chibereko chepfungwa uye pfungwa. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, vakakurudzira neunyanzvi hwavo kuparadzwa kweaesthetic canons, cynicism, systematicity, kusanzwisisa.

POSTMODERN ART

Collage yakava nzira huru yekugadzira yeDadaist artists. Canvas kana bepa rakashanda semashure apo muimbi akagadzira koraji achishandisa zvimedu zvemachira, zvimedu zvepepa, uye zvimwe zvinhu.

Dada yaivepo kwenguva pfupi: kubva 1916 kusvika 1923. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti iyo ideological platform yaive pacifist pathos inopikisa chokwadi cheHondo Yenyika Yekutanga. Mumakore ekuma1920, Dada yakabatana ne Expressionism muGermany uye neSurrealism muFrance.

Sravana Sameeralu Serial XNUMXth Pop Art

Pop art (pop art) chimiro chakaendesa tsika yevatengi kumunda wehunyanzvi uye kudzidzisa vanhu kuona runako mumagaba makumi matatu nematatu esopo. Pop art haifanirwe kuvhiringwa netsika dzakakurumbira. Vanyori vaiona tsika dzevanhu vakawanda sechinhu, sezvinongoita mufananidzo wemufananidzo kana mufananidzo wemamiriro ezvinhu: muchipfuva chechisikigo.

Dingindira retsika dzevazhinji, iro rakatariswa nenyanzvi, rakashandurwa kuita chimwe chinhu chepakutanga: chinhu cheunyanzvi chakadzorwa kuburikidza nedudziro yemunyori. Kubva pakuona kweunyanzvi, chimiro ichi chaikwezva kuzvinhu, kuva nehanya, kusiyana nemamwe maitiro akakurumbira, abstractionism. Pop art yakazvarwa mukurwisa hunyanzvi hwevatorwa uye yakasheedzera kudzoka kune kuratidzwa kwezvinhu zvakanangana necanvas.

Nayo pachayo, kukwezva kuzvinhu zvezuva nezuva hazvisi zvitsva munhoroondo yekupenda. Zvichiri hupenyu, shure kwezvose, maonero emuimbi wezvinhu zvakapoteredza. Muchokwadi, hapana mutsauko wakawanda pakati peCaravaggio's vase uye Warhol's green Coca-Cola mabhodhoro. Asi pop art yaive neyayo conceptual quirk: maartist akatora zvidhori zvinhu nemifananidzo kubva kutsika tsika, iyo yavaizodaidza kuti "memes."

POSTMODERN ART

Mukuwedzera, ivo vakateerera kwete chete kune zvinhu, asiwo kumifananidzo; muenzaniso wakajairika ndewaWarhol's Marilyn Diptych. Iko hakuna kuramba chokwadi chekuti pop art yakabatsira kusimbisa iyo American Dream, kubvumidza nzanga yevatengi uye inoenderana mararamiro. Panguva imwecheteyo, yakaisa nheyo dzekutsoropodza kwehuzivi hwekushandisa, iyo yaizowana simba.

Shoko rakanaka

Izwi rekuti Word Art rinotsanangura chikamu chepostmodern text-based art by akasiyana contemporary artists aripo kubva kuma 1950s

Mifananidzo-yakavakirwa mifananidzo ine mazwi nemitsara yakaburitswa mune akasiyana midhiya anosanganisira kupenda uye kuveza, lithography uye kudhinda skrini, pamwe neakashandiswa art (t-shirts, mugs). Inoonekwawo mumhando dzichangoburwa dzehunyanzvi hwemazuva ano, senge projection mepu.

Conceptual art

Conceptualism (kubva kuLatin conceptus: thought, representation) ndeye postmodern ikozvino muunyanzvi, iyo inozivisa hukuru hwepfungwa yebasa pamusoro pechimiro chekutaura kwayo kwehunyanzvi. Vateveri veConceptualism vane chokwadi chekuti mifananidzo yavo, zvivezwa, kuisirwa, uye kuita zvinofanirwa kumutsa muoni kwete manzwiro, asi chishuwo chekufungazve nehungwaru zvavakaona.

Conceptualism haisi hunyanzvi hwekutengesa, mairi zvinhu zvekugadzira zvinogona kuve chero zvinhu zvemumba, zvinhu zvakasikwa uye kunyange zvikamu zvenzvimbo yemunhu. Muongorori wepfungwa haatsvage kugadzira basa rakapera, asi anoedza kuendesa pfungwa dzake kumuoni, kuita rudzi rwemutambo wenjere.

POSTMODERN ART

Concept art mabasa ane hunhu hwakasiyana. Aya mabasa anogona kuzivikanwa neanotevera maitiro: pesvedzero kwete manzwiro, asi maonero ehungwaru emuoni; kushandiswa kakawanda kwemavara anotsanangura kubasa; Kuramba kwemuenzi kwekuziva kwezvinoreva chimiro nekuda kwekukosha kwechirevo (pfungwa) yebasa; gadzira zvinhu zveunyanzvi kubva kune chero chinhu chinowanikwa kune munyori.

Performance Art uye Zviitiko

Zviitiko iavant-garde art fomu, rudzi rwekugadzira kutaura, rine hukama nehunyanzvi hwekuita, iyo ine hwaro hwayo mudzidziso dzepfungwa dzemuzana ramakore rechi1896, dzakanyanya kutorwa kubva mukuratidzwa kwevamiriri veDada. , pamwe naTristan Tzara (1963-XNUMX). Mukuita, hazvisi nyore kusiyanisa pakati pePerformance Art uye Happenings.

Ose ari maviri akanyatsorongwa mafomu evaraidzo (zvisinei nezvinhu zvekungoerekana zvaitika) umo muimbi anoita (kana maneja) chiitiko cheaterial chiitiko. Chinhu chiri nyore kuona pane kutsanangura nemashoko.

Chero zvazvingava, Zviitiko chikamu chinongoerekana chaitika cheunyanzvi hwekuita chinowira pane imwe nzvimbo pakati pemutambo nemifananidzo yekuona uye kazhinji inokoka nekukonzera mhinduro yakasimba kubva kune vateereri.

Nekuda kwemaitiro ayo eDada ekupfuura, yakatanga kuumbwa seimwe nzira yakasarudzika kune tsika dzechinyakare misimboti uye se "chisingaperi art chinhu". Tsananguro izere yeiyi nyowani postmodern art fomu inogona kuverengwa mubhuku raMichael Kirby 'Happenings' (1965).

Rudzi urwu rwechiitiko cheunyanzvi hwakanyanya kubatanidzwa neNew York art scene makore a1960 uye ichiri kuratidzwa mune akanakisa emazuva ano maberere pasi rese.

POSTMODERN ART

Abstract hunyanzvi

Abstractionism inzira yekupenda uye hunyanzvi zvakajairika, iyo inoramba kubereka kwechokwadi kwepasirese. Vateveri vake vanomiririra maumbirwo akareruka uye akaoma kunzwisisa, kutamba nemuvara, kushandisa mitsara, ndege nezvimwe zvinhu, vachizvibatanidza kuti vagadzire mamwe manzwiro mumuoni. Iyi ndiyo nzira yake yakasiyana kubva kune inoshandiswa nevatenzi vanoomerera kune classicism uye mamwe akawanda maitiro.

Pakutanga kuona, mufananidzo weabstractionist ungaratidzika kunge musanganiswa wemitsara, maumbirwo, uye makwapa. Pakunyatsoongorora, zvinova pachena kuti muimbi akagadzira chinyorwa chakagadzirirwa kumutsa dzimwe pfungwa kana mafungiro muoni.

Abstractionism, sezvayakakura, yakarongwa mumativi akati wandei, imwe neimwe yaive nevamiriri vayo. Paive nemhando dzemhando dzakadai se:

  • Geometric. Mumabasa evanyori akaitwa nenzira iyi, mafomu akajeka uye mitsetse inokunda, vazhinji vavo vanogadzira kunyengera kwekudzika.
  • Masters anoomerera kune iyi nhungamiro achishingairira kushanda nemavara uye musanganiswa wawo; kuburikidza navo ivo vanoburitsa manzwiro avanoda kugadzira muvateereri.
  • Izvo zvakakosha zveiyi nzira yekupenda ndeyekushayikwa kwakakwana kwezvinoreva zvinhu chaizvo uye zvakanyanya kurambidzwa kushandiswa kwemavara, maumbirwo uye mitsara.
  • Vanyori vanoshanda mune iyi nzira vanoedza kuunza dynamics, kufamba kumabasa avo, kuburikidza neavanoburitsa manzwiro uye manzwiro. Panguva imwecheteyo, mimvuri, mitsetse uye maumbirwo zvinopera kumashure.

Gungano

Assemblage idhizaini yekushongedza uye inoshandiswa hunyanzvi umo mugadziri anogadzira mufananidzo wekuyamura nekunamira zvimedu zvine mativi matatu kana zvinhu pachigadziko chakati sandara. Mune nzira yekuunganidza, kushandiswa kwependi yekuwedzera kwemifananidzo kune unyanzvi hwekugadzira kunobvumirwawo.

Assemblage, mukupesana neiyo collage ine hukama, imhando yehunyanzvi hwekubatanidza matatu-dimensional, pane maviri-dimensional (flat) zvinhu kumberi kwechifananidzo. Nekuda kwekushandiswa kwevolumetric details, iyo mufananidzo ndeyechokwadi uye inooneka inoshanda sezvinobvira.

Nyanzvi nyanzvi dzinowanzoshandisa zvimedu zvemumba nemarara kugadzira mabasa avo ekutanga eunyanzvi. Mumaoko atenzi, nhamba huru yezvinhu zvakapararira zvezuva nezuva inova chimiro chehunyanzvi chizere nezvakadzika aesthetic yemukati.

Nhasi, mabasa akagadzirwa achishandisa nzira yekuunganidza anogara achikwezva kutarisa kwevanoziva nezve art yemazuva ano. Vanowanzokonzera kukakavara kunotyisa pakati pevatsoropodzi, asi havasiyi munhu asina hanya, uye naizvozvo vanoita mupiro mukuru mukuvandudzika kwetsika yenyika.

Chiedza

Fluxus raive boka rakarongeka rakarongeka revatambi vakatenderera pasirese, asi vaive nekuvapo kwakasimba muNew York City. George Maciunas ane nhoroondo anoonekwa semuvambi mukuru uye murongi wesangano, akatsanangura Fluxus semusanganiswa weSpike Jones, Vaudeville, Cage naDuchamp.

POSTMODERN ART

Kufanana nemaFuturists uye maDadaists pamberi pavo, maFluxus artists haana kutendera chiremera chemiyuziyamu yehunyanzvi kuona kukosha kwehunyanzvi. Vakataurawo kuti hazvidikanwi kuve nedzidzo chaiyo yekuona nekunzwisisa basa reunyanzvi.

Fluxus yaisangoda kuti art iwanikwe kune ruzhinji, ivo vaida kuti munhu wese agadzire hunyanzvi nguva dzese. Zvinogara zvakaoma kutsanangura Fluxus, sezvo vazhinji vevayo maartist vakataura kuti chiito chekutsanangura mafambiro chatove chakanyanya kudzikisira uye kuderedza.

Kusiyana nemafambiro ehunyanzvi apfuura, Fluxus yakaedza kushandura nhoroondo yenyika, kwete nhoroondo yehunyanzvi chete. Chinangwa chakasimba chevazhinji maartist chave chekubvisa chero muganho pakati pehunyanzvi nenzanga.

Nheyo yepakati yeFluxus yaive yekurasa uye kuseka nyika yepamusoro ye "unyanzvi hwepamusoro" uye kutsvaga nzira dzese dzekuunza hunyanzvi kune ruzhinji, maererano nemamiriro ekunze ema1960. Fluxus artists vakashandisa kuseka kuratidza chinangwa chayo uye , pamwe chete naDada, Fluxus yaiva imwe yemafambisirwo mashoma aikwanisa kufamba netambo.

Zvisinei nehunhu hwavo hwekutamba, maFluxus maartist aive akakomba nezvechido chavo chekuchinja chiyero chesimba munyika yehunyanzvi. Kusaremekedza kwake unyanzvi hwepamusoro kwakakanganisa chiremera chaifungidzirwa chemumuseum sechiremera chekuti ndiani uye chii chekufunga nezvevanyori.

Fluxus yaibata muoni uye yaivimba nechinhu chemukana kugadzira mhedzisiro yemifananidzo. Kushandiswa kwemukana kwakashandiswawo naDada, Marcel Duchamp uye mamwe maartist epanguva iyoyo. Fluxus artists vakapesvedzerwa zvakanyanya nemafungiro aJohn Cage, aitenda kuti munhu anofanirwa kusvika pachidimbu asina ruzivo rwemhedzisiro. Chaikosha yaiva nzira yokusika, kwete chigadzirwa chokupedzisira.

POSTMODERN ART

vhidhiyo art

Vhidhiyo ndeimwe yeanonyanya kushandiswa midhiya inowanikwa. Vhidhiyo firimu inogona kuva iyo yemifananidzo pachayo uye / kana rekodhi yemaitirwo emifananidzo yakaitwa; inogona zvakare kuve chinhu mukumisikidza uye / kana chikamu cheyakawanda vhidhiyo kurongeka. Vhidhiyo inoita kuti hunyanzvi huwedzere kusimba uye hupenyu. Kubva mukupera kwema1980, zvese zviri zviviri vhidhiyo nemifananidzo zvakavimba nekushandiswa kwekombuta software kushandura mifananidzo.

photorealism

Photorealism imhando yekupenda yakabuda mukupera kwema1960 mukupindura kukurumbira kuri kuwedzera kwekubvisa. Kubva ipapo, mafotorealistic pendi nekutarisisa kwavo kukuru kune zvakadzama zvakapa zvidhori zvemaziso izvo zvinongogona kuoneswa padhuze semifananidzo yakapendwa yemifananidzo yekutanga.

Panzvimbo yekucherechedza uye kumiririra zvakanga zvichiitika muchokwadi, photorealism yakafuridzirwa nemifananidzo. Ruzivo rwekuona rwakatorwa nekamera rinoshandiswa kugadzira mifananidzo yenhema, mifananidzo, uye mamwe mabasa ehunyanzvi. Vanyori vanowanzo gadzira mafoto pane canvas kuti mifananidzo igone kupihwa nemazvo uye zvakadzama.

arte povera

Arte Povera (kubva mukutaura kwechiItalian kwe "unyanzvi hurombo" kana "hurombo hwehumhizha") yaive imwe yeakanyanya kukosha uye yakakurumbira mafambisirwo evant-garde kubuda kumaodzanyemba kweEurope mukupera kwemaXNUMX.

Izvi zvaisanganisira basa revatambi veItaly gumi nevaviri vane chimiro chikuru chekugadzira kwaive kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvemazuva ese zvinoyeuchidza zera risati rave nemaindasitiri. Tsvina, matombo, uye zvipfeko zvainyanya kufarirwa: "marara" kana zvinhu zvakachipa zvavaishandisa pahunyanzvi hwavo. Iyi nzira yeunyanzvi yakarwisa pfungwa dzaivepo dzekukosha uye kurongeka uye nekutsoropodza maindasitiri nekugadzira michina yekumaodzanyemba kweEurope panguva iyoyo.

POSTMODERN ART

Basa rake rakaratidza maitiro kune abstract pendi yemazuva ano iyo yakanga yadzora unyanzvi hweEurope mumakore gumi apfuura, kubva kwaakazvisiyanisa nekutarisa zvakanyanya pabasa rekuveza pane kupenda.

Mamwe emabasa akanyanya kukosha eboka akagadzirwa kuburikidza nemusiyano uripo pakati pezvigadzirwa uye panguva imwe chete inonongedza kukwira kwetsika yevatengi. Aine chokwadi chekuti zvechimanjemanje zvaityisidzira kubvisa nhaka yemubatanidzwa, Arte Povera akaedza kusiyanisa nyowani neyekare.

Pamusoro pekuramba makwikwi etekinoroji, maartist akabatana naArte Povera akaramba izvo zvavaiona senge zvesainzi. Kupesana nemaitiro emaitiro ehukama hwepakati, vakamutsa ngano ine zvakavanzika zvaive zvisiri nyore kutsanangura.

Iwo maartist airatidza zvisina musoro uye zvekutamba juxtapositions, kazhinji ezvitsva neakare kana zvakagadziriswa zvakanyanya uye pre-industrial. Mukuita kudaro, vakaenzanisira mimwe miuyo yokuvandudzika kwazvino uno kuri kuparira kuparadzwa kwenzvimbo nendangariro sezvakunopfuurira mberi zvikuru munguva yemberi.

Kufarira kwaArte Povera muzvinhu zvisina kunaka kunogona kubatanidzwa kune mamwe mafambisirwo ehunyanzvi ekuma 1950 na 1960. Semuyenzaniso, vakagovana mamwe matekiniki nemafambiro akaita seFluxus neNouveau Réalisme mumubatanidzwa wavo wemidziyo inowanika nyore ine undercut. basa.

postminimalism

Mune post-minimalist art, izwi rakatanga kushandiswa nemutsoropodzi wehunyanzvi Robert Pincus Witten, chinotariswa chinoshanduka kubva pakuchena kwepfungwa kuenda kukukurukurirana kwayo. Semuenzaniso unogona kuona mabasa emuGerman-American muimbi Eva Hesse.

feminist art

Bato rehunyanzvi rinobata nyaya dzakanyanya dzechikadzi dzakaita sekuzvarwa, kushungurudzwa kwevanhukadzi, mashandiro emadzimai nezvimwe zvakawanda. Vatambi vari kutora chikamu vanosanganisira Louise Bourgeois uye muimbi wekuJapan akaberekwa Yoko Ono.

deconstructivism

Deconstructivism ndeimwe yeanonyanya kuoneka mafomu eunyanzvi akamboumbwa. Chimiro chake che quirky asi chakanyanya kusika chekuvaka kwezana ramakore rechi80 chakabuda mukupera kwemaXNUMX, kunyanya muLos Angeles asiwo muEurope.

Sechikamu cheunyanzvi hwemazuva ano hunogoneka nekushandiswa kweaerospace indasitiri dhizaini software, deconstructivist architecture inosiyana neyakarairwa rationality yejometry uye inofarira nzira yechienzi yekugadzira iyo inowanzo kanganisa kunze kwechivakwa uku ichikanganisa zvinhu. .

Vamwe vanyori venhau dzakaitika vanotenda kuti deconstructivist philosophy inopesanawo neiyo postmodern art, kunyangwe mhedzisiro yeizvi isina kujeka. Mushure mezvose, mugadziri weDeconstructivist anofanira kutevera mitemo yemazuva ano uye yemazuva ano yesayenzi, pasinei nokuti anozvida here kana kuti kwete.

Mumiriri ane mukurumbira we deconstructivist architecture ndiye Canadian-American Pritzker Prize muhwina Frank O. Gehry. Vamwe vanozivikanwa deconstructivists vanosanganisira Daniel Libeskind, Zaha Hadid, Bernard Tschumi, uye Peter Eisenman. Anoshamisa deconstructivist zvivakwa zvinosanganisira: Dancing House (Prague), Guggenheim Museum (Bilbao) uye Vitra Design Museum muWeil am Rhein.

Deconstructivist architecture inoratidzirwa nekugadzirisa kwepamusoro, kupatsanurwa, uye mafomu asina mutsara anokanganisa uye anodarika zvibvumirano zvezvivakwa zvechimiro uye pamusoro. Mukuita kudaro, zvinhu zvinoratidzika kuva zvinopokanidzana zvinosiyaniswa noune kudenha mirangariro yegamuchidzanwa yetsinhirano nokupfuurira.

kusaziva chokwadi

Contemporary Chinese art movement yakabuda mushure mekukundwa kweTiananmen Square (1989). VaCynical Realists vakashandisa mufananidzo wekupenda nerondedzero yekunyomba. Iwo anodzokororwa motifs zvimiro, varume vanemhanza uye mapikicha emifananidzo. Chimiro chacho chainyomba chimiro cheChina chezvamatongerwe enyika nenzanga, uye sezvo uku kwakanga kuri mambakwedza enyanzvi dzokuChina, chakagamuchirwa zvakanaka zvikuru navaunganidzi vemifananidzo vokuMadokero.

Postmodern mabhuku uye cinema

Hunhu hwezvinyorwa zvemazuva ano hunosanganisira kubata zvine fungwa kwezviri kuwanikwa nenzira yezvinyorwa uye zvirevo uye kutamba nemhando dzezvinyorwa. Zvakare hunhu ndiko kuvakwa kwematanho akawanda echiito uye hukama, hunowanzoputsika.

Pamwe inonyanyo zivikanwa postmodern novel iZita raRose rakanyorwa naUmberto Eco.Nechinyorwa chakaomarara kwazvo nenzira yenovhero yehutsotsi, Eco yakakwanisa kuvhara mukaha uripo pakati peinonzi tsika dzepamusoro netsika dzevazhinji. Nhoroondo, zvinyorwa, uye zvehunyanzvi nhoroondo makotesheni uye mareferensi anoita bhuku rive bhuku redzidzo kana kunyange makwikwi ekunyora. Asi kunyangwe avo vasingafarire vanogona kunakidzwa nebasa reEco sechinhu chinonakidza chinonakidza.

Saizvozvo, Peter Greenaway akabatanidza rudzi rwefirimu rekare neanonakidzwa mufirimu rake re1982 The Cartoonist's Contract, asi kusiyana neEcho, haigadzirise chirahwe. Kunyangwe iyo chirongwa ichi ichipa akawanda emhando zviratidzo, hapana kwaanotungamira.

visual arts

Kushandiswa kweizwi rekuti postmodern kunorambwa nevazhinji ve theorists uye maartist, kunyanya mumunda wekuona hunyanzvi, zvichipihwa kuwanda kwemafomu ekutaura. Kurambwa kwekutenda kwechimanjemanje mukuvandudza zvakare imwe yenheyo dzepostmodern aesthetics mune yakanaka art. Postmodernism yakabatana nemhando dzenhoroondo dzeunyanzvi dzakarambwa nemazuva ano, senge rondedzero uye zvimiro zvengano.

Izvi zvinototanga nemifananidzo yaAndy Warhol yemifananidzo yezana ramakore rechi1950, kubva kuna Elvis kuenda kuna Jackie Onassis. Pop art yakaratidzawo kuzorora nemazuva ano mumaXNUMXs nekuonekana nekubvisa. MumaXNUMX, hunyanzvi hwekuona, senge dhizaini yenguva iyoyo, yakasimbisa kukosha kwekunzwa, manzwiro, uye echinyakare maficha pamusoro pedzidziso uye pfungwa.

Mumakore ekumaXNUMX, boka reNew Wild (Neue Wilden) rakaputsa hutongi hweiyo minimalist uye ine pfungwa inobishaira avant-garde nependi yayo inoratidzira uye inomiririra. Kwakanga kune miitiro yakafanana muUnited States neItaly.

Mushure mekunge chamupupuri chagara chakatenderedza New Savages, maitiro akabata aitarisa kufungisisa nezvepakati pekupenda uye kuedza kwenyama nemifananidzo midhiya (Sigmar Polke, Anselm Kiefer, Gerhard Richter), kupenda kunomiririra hukuru hwevashoma uye pfungwa yevashandi avant- garde. Kwakanga kune miitiro yakafanana muUnited States neItaly.

Hunhu hwenguva yacho maartist maviri ane basa rinosanganisira aesthetics ye subculture uye misa tsika: Keith Haring naJeff Koons. Haring akakwanisa kubatanidza zvinhu zvemifananidzo yegraffiti, mabhuku enyambo, mutauro wemasaini wekombuta, kudhirowa kwevana, uye kupenda nhoroondo yekutanga kuita mutauro wemasaini wenhetembo unonzwisisika mutsika dzakawanda. Jeff Koons akazviitira mukurumbira mukutanga kwema1990 nekurambidzwa kunodenha kwevaaitonga.

Zvinhu zvinoshandiswa zvinogara zviri zvemhando yepamusoro, asi dhizaini yaro inomutsa nyika yeknick-knacks uye kitsch, senge yakapetwa goridhe-yakapfatwa, yehupenyu-saizi porcelain figurine yaMichael Jackson ine chimpanzee Bubbles.

Kuda kwePostmodern aesthetics' yezvizhinji, kuzviisa pasi, kusuduruka kubva pakutorwa, kusanganisirwa kwevazhinji vezvenhau, kusajeka kwemiganhu yevarume, uye kubvumwa kwekotesheni senzira yehunyanzvi kwaunza ruvara uye mafambiro kune iyo nyika.

Iko kucherechedzwa kwekupedzisira kwekutora mifananidzo uye firimu senge svikiro rinogona kuonekwa semhedzisiro yenguva dzemazuva ano. Kuratidzira kwenguva pfupi: Muzhizha ra2002, iyo Museum Ludwig muCologne icharatidza ese mashanu mafirimu kubva kuna Matthew Barney achangopedzwa "Cremaster Cycle" sechikamu chekuratidzira kukuru.

Architecture

Pakati pe-1970s, Charles Jencks akaunza izwi rekuti postmodernism muhurukuro yekuvaka. Neiyi nzira, hurukuro yapashure penguva yazvino yakasvika kuvanhu vose kwenguva yokutanga. Maitiro emisimboti ekuvakwa kwepostmodern akange atobuda pachena panguva ino.

Mutauro wedemocracy uye wekutaura wekuvaka waidiwa, ane aesthetics haifanirwe kungobva pakuita basa, asiwo pane zvakakosha zvemukati. Kubatanidzwa kwezvinhu zvokufungidzira kwakakumbirwawo, zvakadai sechiGoth, icho chakaona mufananidzo weJerusarema rokudenga muchechi huru.

Panguva imwecheteyo, maitiro ekuchengetedza nekugadzirisa zvivako zvekare zvakawedzera. Muenzaniso wakatanhamara zvikuru wakanga uri Gare d'Orsay muParis, iyo yakavhurwa seMusée d'Orsay muna 1986. Zvivako zvenhau zvakadaro zvakapesvedzera mutauro wezvivakwa zvepashure pezvino, uyo kubvira pakutanga wakanga wasarudzwa zvakasimba nokunokora mashoko.

Kuti udzivise nhoroondo itsva, chirevo chaiva chokuti eclecticism, iyo yakaratidzwa, semuenzaniso, mukushandiswa kwembiru, mahwindo uye latticework, inofanira kuputsika zvinoshamisa. Huwandu hwezvivakwa zvemazuvano zvakagadziridzwa kunyanya muchivakwa chemuseum cheXNUMXs uye XNUMXs.

Pamusoro peHans Hollein's Abteiberg Museum (Mönchengladbach), James Stirling's State Gallery (Stuttgart) inoonekwa seyakabudirira uye hunhu chigadzirwa chepostmodernism. Mukugadzira kwaStirling, zvakawanda zvinongedzo kune zvenhoroondo zvivakwa, kubva kuEgypt kusvika kumazuva ano, zvakasanganiswa nemhando dzepop tsika uye zvakajairwa zvedunhu zvejecha uye travertine kugadzira yakabatana, fomu yemazuva ano.

Munguva pfupi yapfuura, kana zvasvika pakuvakwa kwemyuziyamu, hunhu hwechiitiko hwakauya pamberi zvakanyanya uye kupfuura zvinodiwa zvedzidzo.

Panzvimbo yekufungisisa art yekufungisisa, staging inodiwa, uye dhizaini pachayo inotaridzwa nemaonero anoshamisa uye theatre mhedzisiro. Kushanya kweveruzhinji kwekutanga kuri kuramba kuchiitika mifananidzo isati yaturikwa kuitira kuti zvivakwa zvigone kuitika.

Postmodern inotarisa kune yakakurumbira tsika

Vatsoropodzi vemifananidzo vanowanzoshandisa izwi rekuti "tsika dzepamusoro" pavanenge vachiedza kusiyanisa hunyanzvi hwekupenda nekuveza (nezvimwe zvinoonekwa) kubva kune yakakurumbira tsika yemagazini, terevhizheni, uye zvimwe zvinogadzirwa zvakawanda. Modernism nevateveri vayo vane simba vakaita saGreenberg (1909-94) vaiona marudzi aya etsika seakaderera. Kusiyana neizvi, postmodernists, vanosarudza imwe pfungwa yedemocracy yeunyanzvi, vanoona "tsika yepamusoro" seyakanyanya elitist.

Pop art, yekutanga postmodern kufamba, yakashandura zvinhu zvakajairika zvevatengi kuita art. Vaimbi vePop nevamwe vakatoenda mberi mukuedza kwavo kuunza demokrasi kuburikidza nekudhinda "unyanzvi" hwavo pamamugi, mabhegi emapepa, uye T-shirts: nzira iyo, sezvinei, inoratidza chishuwo chemazuva ano, mavambo, uye uchokwadi.

Vanyori vemazuva ano vakasiya pfungwa yekuti basa reunyanzvi rine zvarinoreva chimwe chete. Panzvimbo pezvo, vanodavira kuti muoni manyuko anokosha zvakaenzana erevo. Cindy Sherman's surreal photography, somuenzaniso, inosimbisa pfungwa yokuti basa reunyanzvi rinogona kududzirwa nenzira dzakawanda.

Muchokwadi, mamwe maartist, semutambi wekuita Marina Abramovic, anotobvumira vaoni kuti vatore chikamu muhunyanzvi hwavo, kana kutoda kuti vateereri vapedze basa ravo.

Tarisa pashoo

Mukushaikwa kwerevo yechokwadi yehupenyu, kunyanya kana tichiiswa kushambadzira kweredhiyo neterevhizheni siku nesikati, vanyori vemazuva ano vakasarudza kuzviganhurira muchimiro nechitarisiko, kazhinji vachishandisa maturusi ekusimudzira nehunyanzvi kuti vabudirire zvakanyanya. Iyi nzira inoenzanisirwa mukushambadzira kwekushambadzira iyo inoshandisa poster-senge mifananidzo nepop artists vakaita saRoy Lichtenstein naJames Rosenquist.

Kutariswa kwepamusoro chinhu chakajairika chehunyanzvi hwemashure uye dzimwe nguva chinouya kumberi nemitambo yemitambo, inopenya, ine simba zvakanyanya. Kubva 1980, kushandiswa kwemakomputa nehumwe matekinoroji kwakashandura hunyanzvi hwemultimedia (semuenzaniso animation) uye kugadzira mikana chaiyo munzvimbo dzakaita sezvivakwa.

Kwakakosha sei kubata pfungwa dzevateereri mune postmodernism kunoratidzwa neanovhundutsa mazano eboka revadzidzi paGoldsmiths College, inozivikanwa seYoung British Artists, muLondon mukupera kwemaXNUMX nemaXNUMX. Yakagadzirwa mukurumbira pamashow matatu, maYBA akashoropodzwa nekuda kwekutadza kwavo kuravira, asi vakati wandei vakave vahwina mubairo weTurner, nepo vamwe vakawana mukurumbira uye rombo rakanaka.

Sangana nezvinodiwa nevatengi

Kusimuka kwemaitiro evatengi uye tsika yekukurumidza yekunakidzwa mumakumi emakore ekupedzisira eXNUMXth century yakavewo nesimba rakasimba pahunyanzvi hwekuona. Vatengi zvino vanoda kuvandudzwa. Vanodawo nhandaro uye mafaro. Vazhinji maartmodern artists, curators, uye dzimwe nyanzvi dzakatora mukana uyu kushandura hunyanzvi kuita chigadzirwa chekunakidzwa.

Kuunzwa kwemhando nyowani dzeunyanzvi dzakadai sekuita, zviitiko, nekumisikidzwa, pamwe nemisoro mitsva, inosanganisira shark dzakafa, zvivezwa zveaizi hombe, miviri mizhinji isina kupfeka, zvivakwa zvinoita kunge zviri kufamba, muunganidzwa wezviuru makumi matatu nezvishanu. terracotta manhamba , miviri yakapendwa, zvinokatyamadza zvinoratidzira pazvivakwa zveveruzhinji (nezvimwe zvakawanda) - vakapa vataridzi huwandu hwezvitsva, dzimwe nguva zvinotyisa, zviitiko.

Kana idzi mafomu matsva ehunyanzvi ari "art" inoramba iri mubvunzo unokonzeresa hurukuro. Postmodern conceptualists vanoramba kuti ndizvo, nepo vechinyakare vachiramba kuzviona saizvozvo.

nheyo dze postmodern art

Kune nyanzvi, postmodern art ine matatu emisimboti anozoitonga nenzira yakajairika pasina kudzikisira zvachose:

zvinoreva pakarepo

Hapasisina mapendi emafuta akapera anoratidza zviitiko zvekusimudza bvudzi kubva mungano yeGreek kuunza nyemwerero yekuziva kubva kune anoona tsika. Kubva payakatanga mubato rePop Art, pendi yemazuva ano uye chivezwa chave chakashinga, chakapenya, uye nekukasika kuonekwa.

Madingindira nemifananidzo ainyanya kutorwa kubva kuzvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro zvevatengi, magazini, kushambadzira, terevhizheni, mafirimu, katuni, uye makomiki. Kekutanga, munhu wese akanzwisisa hunyanzvi hwairatidzwa. Kunyangwe postmodernism yakashanduka kubva pop art, chimwe chinangwa chikuru chezvinoreva chinoramba chiri pachena.

Art inogona kugadzirwa kubva chero chinhu

Kuvaka patsika dzaMarcel Duchamp, ane weti ine zita rekuti Fountain (1917) yaive muenzaniso wekutanga wakakurumbira wechinhu chakajairika chakashandurwa kuita basa reunyanzvi (mumwe muenzaniso: Nyaya Yezvakagadzirirwa-yakagadzirwa), art artists Postmodernists vakazviita. bhizinesi ravo kugadzira hunyanzvi kubva kune zvakanyanya kujairika zvinhu uye marara. Pfungwa iri shure kwayo ndeyekuita democratize art uye kuita kuti ive nyore kuwanikwa.

Pfungwa yacho inonyanya kukosha kudarika mifananidzo pachayo

Kusvika kuma1960, maartist aiwanzotenda kuti pasina chigadzirwa chakapedzwa hapangavi nechinhu. Kunyanya kukoshesa kwakabhadharwa kuhutano hwemifananidzo yakapedzwa uye unyanzvi hunodiwa pairi. Nhasi zvinhu zvasiyana.

Postmodernists vanowanzotenda zvakanyanya muchirevo chiri shure kwechigadzirwa chekupedzisira pane chigadzirwa pachacho, ndicho chikonzero zvakawanda zve "postmodern art" inonzi "conceptual art" kana "conceptualism." Mamwe mafomu ekufungidzira anosanganisira kuisirwa, kuita hunyanzvi, zviitiko, fungidziro art, uye zvimwe zvishoma.

Vanozivikanwa postmodern artists

Sezvo isu tiri vepanguva yezvekudhirowa kwemazuva ano, zvakaoma kusiyanisa mazita emifananidzo yenguva iyoyo. Chete mushure mekupera kwenguva zvichave zvichikwanisika kutaura kuti ndeapi maartist akasiya chiratidzo chinoratidza munhoroondo yekupenda, uye mukurumbira wavo waingova mutero kumafashoni. Asi, sezvo postmodernism yave ichikura kweanopfuura hafu yezana remakore, tinogona kutumidza mamwe mazita atonyorwa munhoroondo. Izvi zvinosanganisira, semuenzaniso:

  • Dadaist, surrealist uye muvambi we conceptualism Marcel Duchamp
  • Andy Warhol pop art mutungamiri
  • Piyona wegungano César Baldaccini
  • Anozivikanwa conceptualist Bruce Nauman
  • Robert Rauschenberg, Remedios Varo Uranga, Francis Bacon, Damien Hirst, Jeff Koons.

Marcel Duchamp

Marcel Duchamp (akaberekwa Chikunguru 28, 1887 - akafa Gumiguru 2, 1968) aive shasha yehunyanzvi hweavant-garde, anozivikanwa nemabasa ake eunyanzvi akanyanyisa. Basa raMarcel Duchamp rakashora tsika dzakasimbiswa uye rakadzokororwa kukurukurwa munyaya inonyadzisa kumativi ese egungwa.

Pakutanga kwebasa rake, akapenda mifananidzo muPost-Impressionist style, achiremekedza Cubism neFauvism, asi akazorega kupenda uye akatanga kufarira kugadzira zvigadziriso kwaakasanganisa matekiniki uye akashandisa zvinhu zvakasiyana siyana. Mafungiro echimurenga emugadziri ane simba guru pakuvandudzwa kwehunyanzvi hwekufungidzira muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX.

Andy Warhol

Andy Warhol (akaberekwa Nyamavhuvhu 6, 1928 - akafa Kukadzi 22, 1987) aive aitsvakwa-muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX muAmerican muimbi uye muridzi wegalari. Akaita mupiro mukuru mukusimudzira bhizimusi repop art. Andy Warhol anonyatso kutorwa semutungamiri wemaitiro akadai seuomo universale.

Robert Rauchenberg

Robert Rauschenberg (akaberekwa Gumiguru 22, 1925 - akafa Chivabvu 12, 2008) ari mukuru weAmerican art yezana ramakore rechiXNUMX maererano nebepanhau reThe New York Times, aive muimbi akasarudzika uye mugadziri, anomiririra abstract impressionism, conceptualism, yakagadzirira yakagadzirwa uye muvambi. ye pop art.

Mifananidzo yaRobert Rauschenberg ndeye collages uye kuiswa, obelisks, zvinhu zveimba uye zvimwe zvinhu zvakaoma kuronga. Basa ratenzi, kufanana nehupenyu hwake, rinotyisa, rinoshamisa, rinosemesa uye rinofadza, asi rinosiya pasina munhu asina hanya. Anopisa bisexual, akashungurudzika mufemesi, anopikisa zvese zvechinyakare uye zvakajairwa, akapa dambudziko risingaperi kune nyika yakamupoteredza uye kwaari.

Varo Uranga Remedies

Remedios Varo Uranga (akaberekwa Zvita 16, 1908 - akafa Gumiguru 8, 1963) muSpanish neMexico muimbi wezana ramakore rechiXNUMX, mumiriri wekutanga we surrealism. Basa raRemedios Varo rinopfuura kuumbwa kwechinyakare pendi: zviroto, huzivi kuratidzwa, mashiripiti, makanika, nhoroondo uye zvemashiripiti zvakapindirana mumabasa eiyo surrealist.

Panguva imwecheteyo, mapendi aRemedios Varo ane mazwi anosimbisa uye echikadzi, akazadzwa nemhepo yepakati uye anonongedzera muoni kune kwakabva denga. Mifananidzo yaRemedios Varo inogarwa nevanhu vakanyanya ngano mavara, magadzirirwo emagetsi uye zvisikwa. Kusiyana neclassical surrealism, mune rimwe nerimwe remabasa emuimbi chirongwa chinonyatso kurowerwa chinotungamira muoni kune dzimwe mhedziso.

Francis Bacon

Francis Bacon (akaberekwa Gumiguru 28, 1909 - akafa Kubvumbi 28, 1992) inyanzvi yekutaura kweBritish, mumwe wevanyori vasinganzwisisike uye vane hutsinye vezana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Basa raFrancis Bacon rinozivikanwa nekunakidza: zvisikwa zvinotyisa zvekufungidzira kwevanhu zvinouya muhupenyu mumifananidzo yake.

Francis Bacon haana kuwana dzidzo yedzidzo. Panguva imwecheteyo, inoshamisa mukudiwa uye yakakurumbira. Pendi yatenzi ihope dzekupedzisira kune ese ari maviri magaraji uye mamiziyamu ane mukurumbira pasi rose, ayo asingatombo pikisa kusanganisira basa rake muunganidzwa. Mamwe emabasa ounyanzvi enyanzvi anokosha makumi emamiriyoni emadhora uye anosanganisirwa pamazita emabasa ounyanzvi anodhura zvikuru.


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