Iyo data yakapihwa neEuropean Environmental Agency ndeyekuti 80% yemvura yakachena yatinodya inobva munzizi uye pasi pevhu. Chokwadi chinovhura maziso edu pamberi pekukosha kwekuchengetwa nekunaka kwenzizi dzedu nemamwe matsime emvura. Nhasi, tichazotarisa uye kutaura nezvedzimwe nzizi dzakakosha muEurope. Tichaziva mazita avo, maitiro avo makuru uye kuti isu hatizoedzi kukuzivisai kuti ndeapi matanho anokosha ekuchengetedza mvura yedu yakachena.
Iyo hydrographic network yeEuropean continent yakakura kwazvo, sezvo kune nzizi dzakanyanya kukosha. Zvinogona kufungwa kuti nzizi dzinonyanya kukosha ndidzo dzine kuyerera kukuru, asi hazvifaniri kudaro. Iyi mitumbi yemvura ine nhoroondo kumashure kwayo uye inogona kuve nzira yehupfumi kumhuri zhinji, sezvo hupenyu hwagara huchiumbwa kutenderedza miviri iyi yemvura.
Chii chinonzi rwizi uye ndedzipi mhando dziripo?
Rwizi runonzwisiswa semvura zhinji inoyerera ichibva payakaberekerwa ichienda kunzvimbo yemuromo wayo, uye inogona kuva rumwe rwizi, gungwa kana dziva.. Nzizi dzakasiyana-siyana dzinogona kusiyaniswa, nekuda kwekuyerera kwadzo. Izvi zvinogona kuva zvakawanda kana zvishoma zvichienderana nezvikamu zvinoumba rwizi. Vanogona kuwedzera kuyerera kwavo nekuda kwekunaya kwemvura, zvitubu kana seepage, meltwater kana nyika inoyerera.
Pane zvikamu zvitatu zvikuru zvinogona kusiyaniswa murwizi. Yokutanga ndiyo nzvimbo dzepamusoro, inzvimbo inoberekerwa rwizi. Inzvimbo iyo simba rekukukurwa kwakakwira, pamwe neiyo yekutakura. Chikamu chechipiri ndicho kosi yepakati, tiri kutaura pamusoro penzvimbo iyo mutsetse uri kuwedzera uye uri kuderera. Muchiitiko ichi pane zvakare kuita erosive pamwe nekutakura uye sedimentation. Pakupedzisira totaura nezvazvo kosi yakaderera, inzvimbo yerwizi kwaunogona kuona kuderera uye kuderera kwemvura yarwo. Munzvimbo iyi, madhamu aaitakura anoiswa uye kana asvika pamuromo anogona kuita derere kana rwizi.
Rwizi rwunoumbwa sei?
Kunaya ndiyo inonyanya kukonzera kupinda kwemvura mumabheseni ehydrographic.. Hunyoro hunoungana mumakore huchasvika pamusoro penyika muchimiro chedova, mvura, mhute, sinou kana chimvuramabwe. Mvura inodonha iyi inova chikafu chenzizi dzedu.
Mvura inonaya iyi inoseferwawo pasi, ichiita mvura yepasi.. Mhando yemvura zhinji iyi inowanikwa munzvimbo dzinozivikanwa sekuti saturation, ichichengetwa uye ichibuda nemumapores kana mapako ane ivhu pacharo. Kana mafambiro emvura akayambuka idzi nzvimbo dzakaguta, mvura yakachengetwa mukati inosvika pamusoro uye inotanga kuita chikamu chekuyerera kwerwizi.
Nzizi dzinonyanya kukosha muEurope
Sezvatataura pakutanga kwebhuku rino, the Europe's natural hydrographic network yakakura kwazvo, kune nzizi mairi dzakakodzera kushanyirwa, kwete nekuda kwehukuru hwadzo chete asiwo nekunaka kwavo kukuru.. Kufamba uchitsvaga makona matsva epasi uye zvakare kusvika pakuziva nzizi dzakanyanya kukosha muEurope, chokwadi ndechekuti haina mutengo.
Zvatinopihwa naamai chisikwa chisingagone kutsanangurwa mumashoko. Nzvimbo, nzvimbo, uye maonero akanaka atinofanira kutarisira nekunakidzwa. Cherekedza mazita anotevera atichakunongedza, sezvo usingazongoyeva kunaka kwenzizi chete asiwo nemaguta adzinoyambuka, nzira itsva yekufamba yatinokuunzira.
Volga rwizi
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Muchikamu chino chekutanga tinokuunzira Rwizi rweVolga ndirwo rwakarebesa mukondinendi yeEurope nehupamhi hwemakiromita 3700. Rwizi, pamepu tinogona kuona kuti mvura yaro inofamba nemuEurope zone yeRussia. Nzvimbo yekuzvarwa kwayo iri muValdai Hills, nzvimbo iri pakati peMoscow neSt. Petersburg, uye ine muromo wayo muCaspian Sea. Irwizi rwunogona kufambiswa pasina dambudziko kwehurefu hwarwo hwese.
Rwizi rweDanube
Inotora nzvimbo yechipiri yakarebesa yerwizi muEurope nekureba kwe2860 km. Pakati perwendo rwake rurefu anoyambuka 10 nyika dzakasiyana uye 4 misoro yakadai se; Vienna, Bratislava, Budapest uye Belgrade. Iyo ine kwainotangira kuGermany, kunyanya muBlack Forest uye inoguma ichiyerera ichipinda muGungwa Dzvuku, apo painosvika panguva ino inoumba rwizi delta izere nezvirimwa nemhuka dzakasiyana, ichionekwa senzvimbo inochengeterwa mhuka, iyo inodzivirirwa. .
Rin Rwizi
Nekureba kwe1233 km, takatarisana nerwizi rurefu rweEurope runoyerera munzvimbo dzeNorth Sea.. Pakati peayo angangoita 1300 km kureba, huwandu hwe833 hunogona kufamba zvizere, kubva kuguta reBasel kuSwitzerland kusvika kune iyo delta inoumba muNorth Sea. Kunobva rwizi urwu, tinogona kuiwana muSwiss Alps uye inofamba nemunzvimbo dzakasiyana dzakadai seLiechtenstein, Austria uye inoumba muganhu pakati peFrance neGermany, uye kana yasvika kuNetherlands, kuyerera kwayo kunokamurwa kuita mapazi maviri, kusvikira yasvika. painoperera
Seine rwizi
Ndirwo rwizi rwakakurumbira rweFrance uye imwe yedzakanyanya kukosha muEurope. Iyo yakareba 776 km uye iri pakati pematatu akareba munyika. Rwizi rweSeine rwakazvarirwa muCote d'Or uye runomhanya mazana emakiromita kudzamara rwasvika pamuromo warwo, English Channel. Guta rine mukurumbira pasi rose reParis, rakagadzirwa kumahombekombe enzizi uye ndeimwe yenzvimbo huru dzekushanya kunze kweEiffel Tower kana Louvre.
Rwizi rweTagus
Rwizi urwu ndirwo rwakarebesa muSpain uye runomhanya munharaunda yedu nemakiromita anodarika 1000 pakureba. Iyo Tagus, ine kwainotangira muSierra de Albarracín mudunhu reTeruel uye mushure meiyo 1008 km inoguma ichiyerera muLisbon, muMar de la Paja estuary. Inoyambuka nharaunda dzakazvimiririra dzeSpain dzakadai seAragón, Castilla La Mancha, Madrid neExtremadura. Uye huwandu hwematunhu matanhatu eSpain; Teruel, Guadalajara, Cuenca, Madrid, Toledo uye Cáceres.
Rwizi rweThames
Haisi imwe yeakareba kupfuura iyo yatichatumidza mune iyi runyorwa, sezvo "chete" ine 346 km, asi tinogona kutaura kuti ndeyekukoshesesa nzizi muEurope. Rwizi rweThames rwuri kumaodzanyemba kweEngland uye ndeimwe yeakanyanya kukosha munyika sezvo ichiyambuka zvese Oxford neLondon. Inoberekerwa muMakomo eCotswold uye inoguma yayerera ichipinda muNorth Sea, uko panoumbwa gomo remvura uye rine zita rakafanana.
Rwizi rweEbro
Rwizi rwechipiri rwakareba munyika yedu, sezvo rwune Tagus mberi. Ndirwo rwizi rwakanyanya kukosha muSpain kana tikafunga nezveavo vanozvarwa, vanoyerera uye vanopera munharaunda yeSpanish. Mushure mokupfuura munharaunda nomwe dzinozvitonga; Cantabria, Castilla y León, Basque Country, Navarra, Aragón neCatalonia. Kunobva rwizi urwu muPico Tres Mares muCantabria uye runoyerera ruchipinda muMedithera ichigadzira iyo inozivikanwa kwazvo Ebro delta.
river elbe
Rwizi rwechipiri rwakarebesa runoguma rwapinda muNorth Sea. Rwizi urwu runokwira kuchamhembe kweCzech Republic pakakwirira kusvika 1400 metres. Iyo ine huwandu hwemakiromita e1165 kureba kubva kwairi muGiant Mountains, kusvika yasvika pamuromo wayo muNorth Sea. Panguva yekufamba kwayo inoyambuka Czech Republic neGermany.
Loire river
Takawana rwizi urwu muFrance, ndirwo rwakarebesa munyika ine makiromita 1020 pakureba. Inoberekerwa paGomo reGerbier de Jonc munzvimbo yeMassif Central uye inoguma ichiyerera ichipinda muAtlantic. Mupata werwizi urwu wakakurumbira nekuda kwemahombekombe kwaunogona kuona akasiyana echinyakare nhare nedzimba dzeumambo kubva pakati peXNUMXth neXNUMXth century.
Rwizi Po
riosdelplaneta.com
Mukati menzvimbo yeItaly, urwu ndirwo rwizi rwakareba kupfuura mamwe ose anogona kuwanikwa aine huwandu hwemakiromita 652.. Inotangira muCottian Alps, paGomo reMonviso, uye inomhanya kwemazana emakiromita kutozosvikira yasvika kumuromo wayo muGungwa reAdriatic. Mushure mekupfuura nemumaguta akakosha akadai seTurin, Piacenza, Cremona neFerrera.
Kune akawanda akawanda, nzizi dzeEurope dzataigona kuramba tichidzipa mazita uye tichidziisa sedzakakosha nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana. Asi mune iyi rondedzero diki, isu taida kuona kuti ndeapi makuru.
Nhanho yedu yezvakatipoteredza inogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya kune aya makuru emvura. Zviito zvakasiyana zvatinoita mudzimba dzedu uye kunze kwadzo zvinogona kukonzera kusvibiswa kwemvura. Tinofanira kudzivirira kusvibiswa kwenzizi, madhamu nemadhamu nekuti ndiko kunobva mabasa akasiyana atinoita mukushandisa mudzimba nemumaindasitiri.
Muchidimbu, isu tine basa rekuona kuti idzi nzvimbo dzakanaka dzinoramba dzichichengeta runako rwadzo chete asiwo kunaka kwemvura yadzo. Tinopedzisa chinyorwa ichi nekukuudza izvi nekuti zvishoma nezvishoma, tiri kuparadza hutano hwepasi redu, chimwe chinhu chakakosha kwatiri uye nekupona kwemamwe marudzi, mhuka nezvinomera.