Ipapo isu tinokuratidza kuburikidza nechinyorwa ichi chinonakidza zvese nezve Matekiniki Zvekurima zveInca. Usazvipotsa! sezvo isu tichakupa ruzivo nezve iyi inoshamisa tsika uye kuti yakakwanisa sei kugona matekiniki ekuita kuvandudzwa mune zvekurima.
Hunhu hwehunyanzvi hwekurima tekinoroji dzeIncas
Neruzivo rwakakura rwevhu, zvekurima zveInca zvakakunda matambudziko ese akaunzwa nenzvimbo yakaoma yeAndean, pamwe nemamiriro ekunze asina kunaka, nekuda kwekugadziriswa kwehunyanzvi hwekurima, izvo zvakabvumira kuronga kugadzirwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeTahuantinsuyo.
Zvimwe zve nzira dzekurima dzeIncas
Zvekurima sebasa guru rehupfumi, rakakwanisa kuenzanisa zvigadzirwa zvakasiyana-siyana kune zvakatipoteredza, nenzira iyi mbatatisi, olluco, chibage, mbatatisi nebhinzi, pakati pezvimwe, zvakarimwa.
Saka, kuti varime ivhu, vaishandisa gejo kana kuti tajlla rinoshandiswa nomunhu, iro raiumbwa netsvimbo ine dombo rakakombama kana kuti simbi yakachinjika yaichinjikwa nebango kumucheto kwaro, iyo yaishanda sechitsigiso chokuroverera chombo pasi. uye vhura slots. Pamusoro pezvo, vaishandisa mupfudze weshiri dzegungwa, unonzi guano, nemashizha emuti wecarob wakafa sefotereza.
Ndedzipi dzaive nzira dzekurima dzevaInca?
Mukurima kweInca, nzira dzakasiyana dzakashandiswa dzakaunza mhedzisiro yakanaka, senge:
Platforms
Anonzi materrace okurima, akavakwa pamateru emakomo akafanana nematanho mahombe, nenzira iyi mativi evhu aiva nemadziro ematombo aikwidziridzwa, achidzivirira kunaya kwemvura kukukurisa nyika nokukonzera kukukurwa kwezvirimwa. Nekuda kweizvozvo, vakashandisa zviri nani mvura yaitenderera nemumigero madiki kubva padanho repamusoro repuratifomu kusvika kune yakaderera. Kuwedzera kuti nehunyanzvi uhu kukohwa katatu pagore kunogona kuwanikwa.
Kurima kwetsika yeInca kwakavandudza hunyanzvi uhu nekugadzira zviedzo zvekurima, zvakagadzirwa nemapuratifomu akatenderera, ayo pakutanga airatidzika seamphitheatre. Asi muchokwadi vaive materras ekurima ane akasiyana microclimate pane imwe neimwe yemazinga avo, izvo zvakavatendera kudyara akasiyana siyana emiriwo uye legume marudzi. Imwe yemarabhoritari makuru ekurima iri muMoray.
ridges
Yaizivikanwa sewaru waru, yaishandiswa mukuwedzera kwevhu raigara richizara nemvura.Kuti vadzivise izvi, vaInca vakagadzira nzira dzokurima pamusoro pemvura, nokudaro zvichiita kuti mvura ipere uye kuita kuti ivhu rirambe rakanyorova.
mota
Aive madhamu emvura akaumbwa nemaforo akati wandei aibvumira zvirimwa kuti zvigadziriswe kumamiriro ekunze akanyanyisa, mukuwedzera, mipendero yavo yakaita kuti uswa humere kudyisa zvipfuyo.
Saizvozvo, iyo hydraulic aqueduct maitiro akabvumira kudiridza zvirimwa, muenzaniso weiyi nzira kubva kuCumbemayo kuenda kuCajamarca.
Mushure mezvose, kukosha kweInca kurima kunoenderana nekuti mazhinji eaya matekiniki achiri kushandiswa nhasi.
Zvekurima Techniques dzeIncas
Nehunyanzvi hwekurima tinonzwisisa nzira kana maitirwo akashandiswa nemaInca pasi kuitira kuti kushandiswa kwekurima kwakanyanya uye kwakanaka.
Iyi tekinoroji inoratidza nhanho yeruzivo iyo murume weAndean akawana mukati mehupenyu hwake hwese mukurwira kurarama mukuoma morphology yeAndes.
Kukosha
Hunhu hwakakosha hweInca tekinoroji yekurima ndiko kuchinjika kwemaitiro kune geography yenzvimbo yekurima, uye chimwe hunhu ndechekuti ivo vakaitwa muhushe hwese. Zvekurima uye hydraulic matekiniki uye kuchengetedza chikafu ndizvo zvakanakisa kubudirira kweInca, maitiro avo makuru:
The Cochas kana Qochas
Ndiyo nzira yakajairika yenzvimbo dzakakwirira dziri pedyo neTiticaca. Iyo Qocha, zvinoreva kuti chidhinha chemvura, inoumbwa nemakomba akavhurika akavhurika mukati umo mvura inonaya inoiswa. Kudyara kwaiitwa kunyanya kumabhanga, ayo akaorera nekuti ane mwando.
Panorimwa mbatatisi chete. Mvura yaigona kufambiswa nemumigero kubva kune imwe qocha kuenda kune imwe. Iyo qochas inobatsira kudzivisa chando chepuna, nokuti, sezvinozivikanwa, mvura inotora kupisa kwezuva uye inopenya usiku, nekuda kweizvi, zvaive zvichibvira kurarama munzvimbo dzakakwirira.
VaMahames
Aive mapurazi akacherwa, akacherwa kana kudzika semakomba akakura uye akavakwa zvakanyanya pamahombekombe aine ivhu rejecha. Kuchera kwakaitwa kuti kutore mukana wekunyorova kwemvura yepasi. Kuchenjerera kusapwanya tafura yemvura kudzivirira mafashama. Ikoko vakadyara chibage, miti yemichero, nezvimwewo. Kushandisa anchovy heads sefetireza.
Inca Coastal Hills
Ivo vakashandiswa nenzira yakafanana nedzimwe nzira dzekurima panguva yeInca. Inzvimbo dzinogamuchira mwando wakawanda pane dzimwe nguva dzegore uye dzinogona kudyarwa imomo, kunyange kuvaka migero yekudiridza mukati. Aive matsime echokwadi emugwenga aibatsira kuwedzera muganhu wekurima.
Minda
Iwo akafanana neakakwirira uye kunyanya pakudyara mbatatisi. Aya aive matanga emhuka (llamas) kwavaitora mukana wetaquia kana kuti mupfudze wakaunganidzwa. Unyoro hwemvura yainaya hwaigadzirisa minda.
nzira dzekudiridza
Munguva yeInca, migero yekudiridza yeMochica, Chimú, Tallán, Maranga uye migero yepasi pevhu (puquios) yeNazca yakaramba ichishanda.
Pamusoro pezvo, maererano nenyanzvi dzemumunda, kune humbowo hwakawanda hwekuwedzerwa kwekuvakwa kwemigero panguva yeInca, mazhinji acho akabatana nekuvakwa kukuru kwemapuratifomu.
Zvimwe zveInca Agriculture
Inca yekurima iboka rehurongwa hunoshandiswa nevagari veTahuantinsuyo kurima ivhu. Kunyange zvazvo vakanga vari munzvimbo yakaoma zvikuru.
Vakakwanisa kubatanidza nekuwana zvigadziriso uye / kana maitiro aizovabvumira kuita basa rekurima, kwete muAndes chete, asiwo munzvimbo dzegungwa, makomo uye makomo. sango raisanganisira chikamu chenharaunda yeTahuantinsuyo.
Nenzira iyi, vainzwisisa mashandiro anoita zvekurima munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana dzine mamiriro ekunze akasiyana, zvichiwedzera kuoma kweruzivo uye kuwedzera kushanda kwayo.
Zvekurima ndiyo yaive basa guru rehupfumi kwavari, vakaita kufambira mberi kukuru muhunyanzvi hwekuita basa iri, kurima, kudyara uye kunyangwe kuchengetedza zvigadzirwa zvakatokohwewa.
Inca Agriculture Zvishandiso
VaInca vakanga vasingakwanisi kurima ivhu nemayuntas, idzo nzombe mbiri kana manyurusi ayo pamwe chete anoshandiswa kurima ivhu munzendo refu achigura nenyika kuti ashande, muchiitiko ichi nokuda kwokusavapo kwemhuka idzi nenzvimbo ine makomo. .akawedzera, zvaisaita kushandisa nzira iyi.
Kutsvaka imwe nzira yemaoko yakavakirwa panhamburiko yavo vamene, yakadai sechaquitaqlla, kamuti kanopinza kamwe kakakombama kaibvumira kuti tsoka iiswe nokutsikirirwa kuitira kunamira kamuti zvakasimba muvhu uye kugadzira miforo.
Zvisinei nekuedza kukuru kunodiwa kuita basa iri pasi pechishandiso chekurima ichi, kusvika pari zvino hapana chimwe chishandiso chati chawanikwa chinochipfuura.
Iyo chaquitaqlla yakashandiswawo mukurima kweChavín tsika uye zvinokwanisika kuti mukusanganiswa kwetsika kwakapihwa nekuwedzera kweInca Empire, vakadzidza maitiro aiitwa kare.
Inca Agriculture Fertilizer
Fetereza mukurima ndiyo fetireza inoiswa pavhu kuti rive chikafu uye kuti rive rakakodzera pakudyara, kuitira kuti pawanikwe zvirimwa zvemhando yepamusoro uye, nekudaro, michero yakanaka.
Mumakore ose ayo vaInca vakazvipira kuita zvekurima, tinoona kuti vaishandisa mhando dzakasiyana dzefotereza, pakati pacho tinogona kuratidza mhando yefetereza apo vaisanganisa mbeu nehove diki. sesadhiini muvhu kuti vadyare gorosi.
Izvi zvinogona kutsigirwa mune mamwe madziro akapendwa ePachacamac nzvimbo tsvene uko zvirimwa zvechibage zvinogona kuonekwa zvichimera kubva kuhove diki.
Imwe mhando yefetereza yaishandiswa zvakare yaive ine mukurumbira "guano" nyundo yakawanikwa kubva mutsvina yakadzingwa kubva kushiri dzemuguano kana shiri dzemugungwa uye pakupedzisira mhando yechitatu yefetereza yakashandiswa aive mashizha mamwe chete echirimwa chakapwanywa nesando kuita manyowa. chirimwa chitsva chirimwa.
Kana wawana chinyorwa ichi chinonakidza, tinokukoka iwe kuti unakirwe nezvimwe izvi: