Muchinyorwa chino ndinokukoka iwe kuti uzive zvakawanda zveruzivo nezve chivezwa chinozivikanwa se Kunamata naMichelangelo. Chivezwa chine mukurumbira pasi rose uye chine bastion yakawanda yekuve yakasarudzika chivezwa. Kunyange zvazvo muna 1972 akarwiswa nomumwe munhu akasvibisa Mhandara Maria, ramba uchiverenga kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezvechivezwa chacho!
Kunamata
Chivezwa chinozivikanwa seThe Vatican Pietà chakaitwa pakati pa1498 na1499. Nemupendi weRenaissance Michelangelo. Paakanga ava nemakore 24 okuberekwa. Mufananidzo waMichelangelo's Pietà. Inotsanangura mufananidzo weMhandara Maria akabata mutumbi wemwanakomana wake Jesu weNazareta atofa pakurovererwa.
Chivezwa chine mukurumbira La pieta chine hupamhi hwemasendimita zana nemakumi manomwe nemana (174cm) nehupamhi hwemasendimita 195. Nhasi tinogona kuiwana kuseri kwemadziro egirazi asingapindi bara muChapel yeCrucifix mukati meSt. Peter's Basilica muVatican City.
Nhoroondo yeMichelangelo's Pietà
Chivezwa chehumwari chakaitwa nemuimbi weRenaissance Michelangelo akatumwa naCardinal weSaint Denis, ane zita chairo ainzi Jean Bilhères de Lagraulas kana de Villiers, muBenedictine. Akashanda semumiriri wamambo weFrance muVatican City mukati meRome.
Pakati peCardinal Saint Denis nemupendi weRenaissance Michelangelo vakasaina kondirakiti musi waAugust 26, 1498. Muripo wacho waiti muvendi Michelangelo aizogamuchira chitsama chendarama 450 ducat. Asi basa racho raitofanira kunge rakagadzirira mugore risingasviki.
Chaizvoizvo, izvi zvakaitika gore risati rapera, sezvo pakanga pasara mazuva maviri chete, basa rakanga ratopera. Kunyangwe hazvo Cardinal Saint Denis akafa mazuva mashoma apfuura asina kukwanisa kuona basa rakapedzwa. Naizvozvo, nzvimbo yekutanga iyo Pietà yaive nayo senzvimbo yekugara yaive guva raCardinal Saint Denis.
Cardinal akavigwa muChapel yeSanta Petronila iri muVatican City. Chivezwa chaPietà chakaramba chiripo kwenguva yakareba. Kusvikira sarudzo yaitwa kuifambisa pakati pe1749 ne1750. Sezvo zuva chairo risingazivikanwe uye kubvira ipapo nzvimbo yaro yave iri Basilica yeSaint Peter mune inozivikanwa Chapel yeKurovererwa kurudyi.
Tsanangudzo yeChivezwa
Chivezwa chePietà ndicho chinodaidzwa nenyanzvi dzehunyanzvi kuti denderedzwa bulge sezvo chivezwa ichi chichionekwa kubva kumakona ese. Asi nzira yakanakisa yekuona chivezwa chePietà kubva kumberi kwekuona.
Chivezwa chinoumbwa neMhandara Maria naJesu weNazareta. Mutambi wechidiki wemakore makumi maviri nemana Michelangelo akaveza Mhandara Maria achiri mudiki uye akanaka. Uyewo anonamata zvikuru. Anopfeka dhirezi rine mapete akawanda anowedzera mukati mese chivezwa.
Mhandara yakatakura Jesu weNazareta mumaoko ake, uyo atofa nekurovererwa kwaakaita kwaari. Muvezi Michelangelo akagadzirazve Mhandara Maria ari mudiki pane mwanakomana wake Jesu weNazareta. Kunyangwe akazviita nemaune kuti aite kuti Jesu ataridzike mukuru pane Mhandara Maria.
Chivezwa chePietà chakaitwa mune inonzi yakadzikama kwazvo yekatatu kuumbwa kuitira kuti Mhandara Mariya atakure mwanakomana wake akafa mumaoko ake. Kunyange zvazvo Renaissance painter Michelangelo anoratidza Mhandara Maria muchivezwa mudiki kuna Jesu weNazareta sezvo iri Renaissance mafungiro.
Kwakaedza kumiririra Mhandara Maria. Sepakati perunako nehudiki, ndiko kuti, amai vadiki nekusingaperi uye vakanaka. Giorgio Vasari pachake, uyo anonzi ndiye wekutanga munyori wezvakaitika kare, akataura pamusoro pechivezwa chePietà sezvinotevera:
“Ibasa iro pasina mhizha yakaisvonaka inogona kuwedzera chinhu chipi nechipi mukudhirowa, kana kuti munyasha, kana kuti, pasinei zvapo nokuti vanozvinetesa sei vamene, musimba, musimba rokunaka, kutsvedzerera uye kutsetsenura kwemarble”
Zvakakosha kusimbisa chivezwa chePietà. Kuti Renaissance painter Michelangelo akatora iconographic basa zvakakomba, kuti gare gare nenguva uye ruzivo akaridzokorora muakawanda emabasa ake makuru. Izvo zvakaratidza hungwaru hwake hukuru uye hunyanzvi uye shanduko yemweya.
Ekupedzisira emabasa ake ane chekuita nedingindira rehutsvene. Yaiva iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa Rondanini Pietà, iyo yave ichionekwa seyekupedzisira basa rakavezwa neRenaissance painter Michelangelo asati arwara ndokufa. Kunyange zvazvo asina kukwanisa kuchipedza sezvo akapedza mazuva matanhatu achiita basa iroro ndokufa, basa iri rakaramba risina kupera.
Panguva iyo muimbi Miguel Ángel akatora basa rekugadzira chivezwa chaPietà, akange aine makore makumi maviri nemana, asi izvi zvisati zvaitika aive azvipira kuita chimiro chakazara cheMhandara Maria pamwe chete naJesu weNazareta akawira paari. mabvi.chimedu chakasara chisina mashoko.
Pakasvika nguva yake yekugadzira chivezwa chaPietà. Muimbi weTuscan pachake akasarudza kuenda kumatombo uko zvinhu zvakatorwa muApuan Alps yeguta reTuscany uye iye pachake akasarudza chidimbu chemarble chaakaveza nayo mifananidzo, pakati pavo paiva naPietà.
Kunyange zvazvo munyori wezvakaitika kare mumwe chete Giorgio Vasari, akasvika pakusimbisa kuti nyanzvi yeRenaissance yakasarudza zvidimbu zvemarble ndokubva yabvisa mativi akanga asara kusvikira akwanisa kugadzira chivezwa. Sezvo mublock remarble maive matova nezvaidiwa kana chimedu chaaida kuveza. Nokuti maererano nependi weRenaissance, aigona kuona nenjere dzake zvaiva muchidimbu chemarble.
Pachivezwa chePietà, nyanzvi yemifananidzo yakakwanisa kuona kurwadziwa kwaamai pavanofirwa nemwana wavo mumwe chete kana kuurayiwa. Pamusoro pezvo, izvo muimbi angangoda hunyanzvi hwekugona kuita basa. Zvakare zvekuva nemoyo murefu usingaputsiki wekukwanisa kuzviita zvakare kana chimwe chinhu chatadza.
Basa racho parakanga rapera, mutaridzi akanga ava kuzounza, vanhu vakawanda vachiona chivezwa ichi, vakatanga kubvunza kuti muimbi weRenaissance Michelangelo akanga akwanisa here kugadzira chivezwa chakakura kwazvo chakaitwa nemarble, zvichireva kuti nekuda kwehudiki hwake. haana kukwanisa kugadzira chivezwa.
Mugadziri weRenaissance paakaziva zvakataurwa kuti akange asina kukwanisa kugadzira chivezwa. Akazadzwa nehasha achibva aenda paive nechivezwa akatora chiseko nesando ndokutanga kusaina basa. Ndiro chete basa rakasainwa nemuvendi weTuscan Renaissance.
Siginecha yaMichelangelo yakaiswa paribhoni inoyambuka chipfuva cheMhandara Maria uko zvinotevera zvinogona kuverengwa "Michael A[n]gelus Bonarotus Florent[inus] Facieba[t] “iyo yakashandurirwa muchiSpanish zvinoreva Miguel Ángel Buonarroti, Florentine, akazviita.
Sculpture Hunhu
Chivezwa ichi chinozivikanwa seVatican Pietà asi vazhinji vanochizivawo seMichelangelo's Pietà. Sezvatotaurwa, chiumbwa chine denderedzwa panomiririrwa Mhandara Maria uye mwanakomana wake Jesu weNazareta, atopondwa, akazorora pamaoko ake. Izvi zvinozivikanwa sokuchema kwaKristu akafa.
Pakati pehukuru hunhu hunogona kuwanikwa uye kucherechedzwa pane chivezwa chehumwari hwaMichelangelo. Ndidzo zvinhu, mabatirwo ezvakagadzirwa, manhamba uye zviyero:
Material: Michelangelo's piety sculpture inogadzirwa mune inonzi monolithic piece. Izvi zvinoreva kuti muimbi akaigadzira kubva pabhuroka rimwe remabhura raakasarudza iye pachake paakaenda kumatombo ari muAlps muguta rake rekuTuscan.
Sezvo nyaya inotaurwa yaive yekuti nyanzvi. Anosarudza kuenda kunotarisa pakati pemigodhi yakasiyana-siyana yechidimbu chemarble chaaizoshandisa kuti akwanise kuveza basa raPietà. Mune imwe yematombo aicherwa, akaona mutsinga chidimbu chemarble chakanga chakachenuruka kupfuura zvamazuva ose.
Nenzira iyi, nyanzvi yakaraira kuti bhuroka remarble, iro rakanga rakacheneruka, ribviswe. Ndinorishandisa kuti ndikwanise kuita basa rave richiratidzwa nhasi kwemakore anopfuura 500. Chave chiri chimwe chezvakakosha zvidimbu zveRenaissance muimbi Michelangelo.
Izvi zvinopawo imwe tsananguro kune chivezwa chePietà naMichelangelo. Ipo iyo chimiro chine chimiro chakafanana uye kuvharika kwechivharo hakukanganise kumiririrwa kweMhandara Maria naJesu weNazareta atopondwa.
Vipimo: chivezwa chinozivikanwa sePietà naMichelangelo. Iri ibasa rinenge 195 centimita yakafara uye 174 masendimita kuenda kumusoro. Naizvozvo, zvinofungidzirwa kuti mugadziri akagadzira chivezwa chehukuru hwehupenyu kana pachiyero cheimwe kune imwe. Kuitira kuti veruzhinji vachiona basa vanzwe zvinonzwa amai pavanoona mwanakomana wavo apondwa.
Zvinoumba: basa rinoratidzwa neseti yenyanzvi mune art. Sezvinonzi round or whole. Nemhaka yokuti inogara vanhu vanopfuura mumwe, muchiitiko ichi pane vaviri, Mhandara Maria naJesu weNazareta. Nepo kana chakazara-kureba imhaka yekuti chidimbu chinogona kuyemurwa kubva kumakona akasiyana uye mucherechedzi anogona kunzwa izvo chivezwa chingave chichinzwa nenzira yekufananidzira.
Kunyangwe zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti chivezwa cheVatican Pietà chakavakirwa pachimiro chejometri cheyakaenzana gonyo uye chiri pachigadziko cheelliptical. Nenzira iyi chivezwa chinopiwa dzikamo huru uye kugadzikana kunoshamisa.
Mifananidzo: pakati pezviumbwa zvakatanhamara mubasa rakaitwa naPietà nomuvengi weRenaissance Michelangelo, ari Mhandara Maria naJesu weNazareta. Zvinotevera zvinogona kutaurwa:
Jesu weNazareta chimiro chake chiri pamakumbo nemumaoko eMhandara Maria, zvese musoro wake neruoko rwerudyi zvakarerekera kudivi rerudyi uye izvi zvinoita kuwirirana neMhandara Maria akapfeka seti yemachira yekuti kana iwe ukadzitarisa unoona kuti dzakakora zvakanyanya uye kune zvakawanda zvakapetwa mumhando iyoyo yembatya.
Maererano nezvakaziviswa nenyanzvi yemifananidzo Michelangelo pamusoro pezvaaida kumiririra Jesu weNazareta, ndechokuti akanga ari munhu ane hunhu. Naizvozvo, paakapondwa, akanga ari chitunha chinofa. Ndicho chikonzero nei pasina chiratidzo chokurwadziwa chinoonekwa mumufananidzo waJesu weNazareta.
Mhandara Maria: mufananidzo weMhandara Maria maererano nemwanakomana wake mumwechete Jesu weNazareta mumufananidzo wePietà. Icho chinhu chine basa rekugadzirisa maziso kuitira kupa chiyero kune chivezwa. Sezvo zviyero zvakapihwa nemugadziri weRenaissance zvine hukama zvakanyanya neiyo inotungamira hunhu hwemufananidzo weMhandara Maria. Sezvo chimiro cheMhandara Maria chiri pakati pekutariswa neveruzhinji.
Ndosaka Mhandara Maria akabata Jesu weNazareta pakati pemawoko nemakumbo apo akatouraiwa nevaurayi vake pamuchinjikwa weKarivhari. Anosimudza ruoko rwake rworuboshwe sokunge ari kunyengetera kuna Mwari pachake nokuda kwomweya womwanakomana wake akafa.
Kufanana naJesu weNazareta, chiso cheMhandara Maria hachiratidzi kunzwa kwokurasikirwa nomwanakomana wake. Kunyange zvazvo kwakananga musoro wake kwakadzikiswa, izvi zvinoita kuti muoni afunge kuti Mhandara Mariya akasuruvara zvikuru nezvakaitika kumwanakomana wake mumwe chete, Jesu weNazareta. Akafanana nokufungisisa mamiriro ezvinhu asati aitika.
Model uye Tekinoroji: Mupendi Miguel Ángel, uyo akanga ane makore 24 okukura paakapedza chivezwa chaPietà, anokwevera ngwariro huru kubva kuvoruzhinji vaiona basa racho. Nezve nyanzvi munzvimbo yehunyanzvi kuti kuve chidimbu chimwe chete chemarble ine akati wandei maumbirwo uye modhi yebasa racho yaive yakakwana. Nokudaro, maitiro akasiyana-siyana ekuenzanisa anogona kuonekwa.
Apo vaimbi Michelangelo. Akaisa pfungwa dzake pakugadzira mipete yenguvo inopfekwa nemufananidzo weMhandara Maria, sezvo chikamu chepamusoro chemapete chave chakanyanya kubatwa uye kukwenenzverwa kupfuura kupeta kwechikamu chepasi. Izvi zvinoita kuti mwenje uiswe nekusimba kukuru muchikamu chepamusoro uye nenzira iyi zvinogadzira hunyoro hwakawanda muchivezwa chehumwari.
Siginicha yemunyori
Kunyangwe zvishoma nezve siginicha yaakaita yakatoongororwa muchikamu chino chechinyorwa. Tichakupa rumwe ruzivo nezve nei mudiki ane makore makumi maviri nemana muimbi afunga kusaina basa rake kana rangopera uye ndiro chete basa rakasainwa nemutambi weRenaissance Michelangelo muhupenyu hwake hwese.
Mubhuku rakanyorwa naGiorgio Vasari. Wekutanga anozivikanwa munyori wenhoroondo anoudza anecdote mubhuku raakanyora rine musoro Hupenyu hweVanakisisa Vagadziri veItaly, Vapendi, uye Vavezi.
Ikoko nyanzvi Michelangelo akanga atopedza chivezwa chePietà. Runyerekupe rwakanga ruchipararira muguta rose. Kuti muvezi nomuvezi anozivikanwa saGobbio, wokuMilan, akanga apedza gore achiveza basa guru rinozivikanwa soumwari hweVatican.
Ndicho chikonzero kudzivirira mamwe matambudziko aive nawo muvendi weTuscan Michelangelo. Anofunga kuenda kunotora chisero chake nesando ndokusaina basa racho. Mupendi akagumbuka zvikuru nerunyerekupe rwaipararira. Ndosaka achiisa siginicha yake paribhoni inoyambuka chipfuva cheMhandara Maria.
ongororo yezvivezwa
Chivezwa chinozivikanwa seVatican Pietà. Icho chidimbu cheanopfuura makore mazana mashanu chinomiririra kuzvipira uye izvo Mhandara Maria inodemba paanoona mutumbi wemwanakomana wake akafa. Mushure mokunge afa pamuchinjikwa. Kunyangwe chiitiko ichi chisina kutaurwa mubhaibheri uye mune chero evhangeri.
Ndokusaka chiitiko chacho chakatanga kugadziridzwazve pakutanga kwezana remakore rechiXNUMX. Asi zvakaitwa kune kuzvipira kwega kwevamwe vanhu. Kunyangwe mazhinji evanyori aive akavakirwa pamavhesi echiporofita nezvekutambudzika uko Mhandara Maria aifanira kupfuura mauri pakuona mwanakomana wake mumwechete achifa pamuchinjikwa weKarivhari.
Kurwiswa pachivezwa chePietà
Mugore ra1972 musi waMay 21. Chivezwa chinozivikanwa seVatican Pietà. Anorwiswa nemunhu anobva kuHungary. Ndiani aizivikanwa seAustralia geologist nezita reLaszlo Toth. Murume uyu akakwira pakanga paiswa chivezwa chaPietà uye munguva pfupi akapa chivezwa ichi kurova 45 nesando.
Kurova kwesando kwakapihwa kumeso kweMhandara Maria, iyo mhuno yakabviswa. Akatyokawo ruoko rweruboshwe rweMhandara Maria uye Jesu weNazareta akatyoka rimwe gumbo rake.
Maererano nenhoroondo yevanhu vakararama panguva iyi, nyanzvi yezvepasi yakataura kuti ndiye ega Jesu uye mwanakomana waMwari. Maziso eMhandara akaparadzwawo nekurova kwakasimba kwesando uko murwi akapa kuchivezwa.
Mushure mekunge asunga mupari wesando inorova ndokumuisa mutirongo kuti ataure kutongwa kwezvaakaita. Vatican yakaita chiito panhau yacho kuti itange kudzorerwa kwechivezwa chinozivikanwa seVatican Pietà.
Vachiri kukurukura kuti chivezwa vodzoreredza sei. Vakaziva kuti kwakanga kune mamwe matura eVatican apo kunoratidzwa kuti kune kopi yakatendeka yeVatican Pietà. Uku kwaiva kuchamhembe kweBolivia nemuganhu nevaPeru. Ndosaka vakatumira boka renyanzvi ikoko.
Izvo zvakasimbiswa kuti pakanga paine kopi yakaenzana yePietà yakavezwa neRenaissance muimbi Michelangelo. Vaya vakatumwa neVatican vakaziva kuti hakuna imwe chete asi mbiri, imwe nhema yakagadzirwa nealuminium kuti ireruke uye imwe chena yakagadzirwa nepurasita, iyi yaifanira kuparadzwa.
Asi vePeruvia havana. Chivezwa chepurasita kana chichena chaifanira kuparadzwa. Yakanga iri iyo iyo mainjiniya nevagadziri vezvivakwa vakatumirwa neVatican vakatora zviyero chaizvo kuti vakwanise kudzoreredza chivezwa chepakutanga naMichelangelo.
Nenzira iyi, chimwe chakavanzika chakakomberedza huMwari hwaMichelangelo chinoratidzwa. Zvakaitika sei kuti seneta wePeruvia akakwanisa kugonesa Juan XXIII mugore ra1960. Kuitira kuti abvume kukwanisa kuita mufananidzo chaiwo wechivezwa chehumwari hwaMichelangelo. Sezvo Pope aipesana nekukopa zvivezwa zveVatican. Chimwe chinhu chakasiyana munyika yose mabasa aMichelangelo, kusanganisira Pietà.
Nepo munhu akapa 45 sando anorova kubasa La Piedad. Akavharirwa muchipatara chevarwere vepfungwa kwegore. Kubva paakauya kuzoti ndiye. Jesu weNazareta. Mushure mekunge apora, akagara muAustralia uye aisakwanisa kuenda kuItaly zvakare uye zvishoma kuVatican City.
Kana iwe wawana chinyorwa ichi paMichelangelo's Pietà chakakosha, ndinokukoka iwe kuti ushanyire anotevera malink: