Inonyanya kuzivikanwa ngano pfupi dzechiGiriki

Tsvaga mune ino inonakidza chinyorwa zvimwe zvezvakakurumbira ngano pfupi dzechiGiriki yevamwari vakatibvumira kutsanangura uye kunzwisisa zviitiko zvekuvapo kwevanhu, zvichipa ngano dzinoshamisa dzatiri kuzotsanangura mune ino post. Usarega kuiverenga!

NYANO DZIFUPI DZECHIGIRIKI

Ndedzipi ngano pfupi dzeGreek nezve?

Vatambi vengano dzechiGreek mapfupi aya vaive vamwari vechiGiriki, pakati pavo vamwari veOlympus, uye kuburikidza nengano idzi dzisingadaviriki dzizere nezviitiko, zviito zvevanhu zvakatsanangurwa, sekuchiva, manzwiro, kuchiva uye shanje pamwe chete nezvimwe zvinhu. nature.

Kufanana nokukwira kwamakomo anoputika, mapoka enyeredzi akaisvonaka anogona kuonwa mudenga panguva yorubvunzavaeni, kunyange madutu anotyisa.

Pasina kuregeredza kusavapo kwevanhu uye kubuda kwezvirwere zvinoshamisa. Mumwe wevatsvakurudzi anonzi Mircea Ecliade, uyo pakati pemabasa ake muzivi uye munyori wenhoroondo, anotsanangura ngano pfupi dzechiGiriki sezvinotevera:

"... nyaya tsvene inorondedzera chiitiko chakaitika munguva yekare, umo nyika yakanga isati yava nechimiro chayo ...".

Panguva yakasikwa ngano idzi pfupi dzechiGiriki, dzaiunza vanhu venguva yavo kudzikama pavanenge vachidziteerera nokuti zvaiita kuti vanzwisise zvaiitika panguva iyi munhoroondo yechiGiriki.

NYANO DZIFUPI DZECHIGIRIKI

Saka muchinyorwa chino tichakuratidza inonakidza ngano dzechiGreek mapfupi kuitira kuti iwe ushamiswe netsika iyi yeGreek nehunyanzvi hwayo hwekusika pakuita idzi ngano dzenhoroondo dzakakurumbira.

ngano huru dzechiGiriki pfupi

Iyo legend yePersephone

Ndiyo imwe yengano dzinonakidza dzechiGiriki mutsika dzengano iyi mukadzi wechidiki akanaka aive mwanasikana waZeus naDhemeter maererano nengano Hadhesi mukoma waZeus naDhemeter vanocherekedza musikana wechidiki mumunda wakanaka maakanga achinonga maruva. pamwe chete navamwe vamwari.

Hadhesi inosarudza kumutora panguva iyoyo, kumuendesa kuUnderworld kwaakanga ari muridzi nashe. Demeter, uyo aiva mwarikadzi anodzivirira wezvakasikwa, anoona kuti mwanasikana wake Persephone haapo uye anosarudza kumutsvaga kumagumo enyika, achikanganwa zvaanosungirwa semuchengeti wezvakasikwa.

Zeus anoziva kuti mudiki akanaka Persephone ari mu Underworld uye anomanikidza Hadhesi kudzorera musikana akanaka. Anobvuma chero musikana wacho asingadye chero chikafu paanenge achienda kunosangana namai vake.

Asi Hadhesi inomunyengedza uye inodyisa mhodzi dzake ina dzedamba nokuda kwezvokudya izvo Persephone akanga adya iye akamanikidzwa kupedza mwedzi mina yegore muumambo hweHadhesi uye iyi mwedzi inoguma mumwaka wechando.

Zvakanaka, apo Demeter akawanazve mwanasikana wake Persephone, akadaro manzwiro ayo nyika yakabudirira, ichiunza nhamba huru yemaruva nemichero, iyo inozivikanwa semwaka wechirimo, iyo inobatanidzwazve pakati paamai nemwanasikana.

Panguva iyo mukadzi wechidiki anofanira kudzokera kuUnderworld kuti achengete Hadhesi kambani, amai vake vanonzwa vakasurukirwa, zvichikonzera mwaka wechando apo nyika inotonhora uye isingabereki nekuda kwekusuwa kwake kukuru.

Aya ndiwo mazivirwo akaitwa dzidziso yechisikigo yezvinomera, saka ndiyo imwe yengano pfupi dzechiGiriki dzakanyorwa maererano nekuongorora kwakaitwa nevazivi veStoic, pakati pavo, Posidonius, Diogenes naEpithetus vanotaurwa.

Vaimiririra musikana akanaka Persephone ane zviyo zvekusavapo kwake nekuzvichengeta pasi pevhu kuti kutenderera kwechisikigo kuitike.

Zvakanaka, apo Persephone inodzika pasi pasi mumwaka wekuvhuvhuta, inomiririra kusavapo kwemichero munguva yechando uye inomera apo mukadzi wechidiki anodzoka naamai vake munguva yechirimo.

NYANO DZIFUPI DZECHIGIRIKI

Ndiyo imwe yengano pfupi dzechiGiriki apo roorano neparadzano inokatyamadza pakati paamai nomwanasikana inotaurwa nezvayo sokunge kuti rufu pakubva pachipfuva chemhuri kuti vaumbe musha wavo mutsva nomurume.

Kuberekwa kwaAthena

Umwari Athena aiva chikamu chevamwari gumi nevaviri vaigara paOlympus, akanga ari mumiririri weuchenjeri, kururamisira, sayenzi, unyanzvi, hupfumi uye hondo.

Imwe yedzakanyanya kunakidza ngano dzeGreek imhaka yekuzvarwa kwake, sezvo Zeus aive mwari murudo zvakanyanya, saka pakati pekufamba kwake akapa pamuviri weOceanid ainzi Metis.

Nepo uyu tsvarakadenga yakanga yakura zvikuru yokuva nepamuviri, Zeus akanyeverwa nomuprofita kuti vana vake vaizova nesimba rinopfuura rake uye vakamukurira mukutonga kwake.

Nemhaka yeizvi, Zeus akaita chisarudzo maererano nengano pfupi dzechiGiriki uye akasarudza kumedza Metis mukurumwa kumwe chete paaiva nepamuviri kuti arege kubereka mwana wake.

NYANO DZIFUPI DZECHIGIRIKI

Asi nhumbu yemukadzi wechidiki yakaramba ichienderera mukati memukati meMwari Zeus sezvatinoudzwa nengano pfupi dzechiGiriki, nekuda kweizvi Zeus akatanga kuratidza kurwadziwa kwemusoro kwakanyanya uye kumisa kusagadzikana uku, akakumbira Hephaestus kuti amubatsire kuisa. kupera kwemarwadzo iwayo.

Hephaestus akatora demo kuti atsemure dehenya nepakati uye muchiito ichocho Athena akaonekwa ari munhu mukuru mukuwedzera pakutakura hunhu hwakafanana naye, hwakadai sengowani nepfumo. Mushure maizvozvo kurwadziwa kukuru kwakabviswa kubva kuna Zeus.

Prometheus uye moto

Imwe yengano pfupi dzechiGiriki dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa nevanhu ndeiya yaPrometheus, akanga ari gigantic titan, ane ushamwari kuvarume zvikuru.Nokuraira kwaZeus, zvakanga zvatarwa kuti moto waigona kushandiswa paOlympus chete uye kuti vanhu havafaniri kuushandisa.

Maererano nechisarudzo ichi chakaitwa naZeus, hofori yedu Prometheus haina kubvumirana, saka akapinda muOlympus uye asvika pamusangano weHephaestus akanga ari mutariri wekutora mamwe marasha aiva mune imwe yevheni.

Zvakawanda muchikamu ichi zvinosiyana mune pfupi ngano dzechiGiriki nekuti dzimwe nyaya dzinotaura kuti Prometheus akaba mamwe mazhenje kubva kune simba reApollo ngoro uye nekuda kweizvozvo akaisa fennel chirimwa pamoto ndokuchipa kuvanhu.

Nekuda kwechiito ichi, Zeus akaranga Prometheus nekusingaperi kuti arambe akasungirirwa padombo guru raaifanira kukwira pamusoro pegomo zuva nezuva uye kwaive negondo guru raizodya chiropa chake.

Saka manheru ega ega chiropa chake chinomukazve kuti mangwana chidyiwezve negondo richitakura dombo richidzokera pamusoro pegomo.

Iyi ndiyo imwe yengano dzechiGiriki dzinoshamisa zvikuru uye Prometheus akakwanisa kubuda muchirango ichocho nokuda kwaHeracles uyo akamusunungura nemvumo yaZeus.

Kuti akacherechedza muchiito ichocho chiito chakabvumira mwanakomana wake kukwidziridzwa uye Prometheus aifanira kupfeka mhete nechidimbu chedombo iro raakasungirirwa sechiyeuchidzo chezviito zvake.

Orpheus uye Eurydice

Ndiyo imwe yengano pfupi dzechiGiriki dzakanzwiwa zvakanyanya mutsika dzechiGiriki. Orpheus aive akakurumbira zvikuru pakati pevamwari, aive nechipo chekuridza mbira nenzira yakakosha nekuti aikwanisa kuzorodza mweya yezvisikwa zvakaungana kuti zviteerere kumazwi ake enziyo anoyevedza.

NYANO DZIFUPI DZECHIGIRIKI

Kuburikidza nemimhanzi yembira yake, Orpheus aikwanisa kupingudza mhuka dzinotyisa, kunyange matombo anofamba, pamwe chete nekukura kana kuomesa zvinomera zvemiti nehova.

Mukuwedzera, pakati pezvinyorwa zvipfupi zvechiGiriki zveOrpheus, zvinonzi akanga ari shasha yemashiripiti uye muzivi wenyeredzi, uye akanga ariwo mubatanidzwa muArgonauts nechinangwa chekutsvaga mvere dzegoridhe dzaiperekedza Jason.

Wechidiki Eurydice akadanana naOrpheus paakamunzwa achiridza nziyo dzake dzakanaka uye ivo vaviri vakaroorana asi nekuda kwemamiriro ezvinhu ekupedzisira mukadzi wechidiki akanaka akarumwa nenyoka uye yakauraya zvekuti akarasikirwa nehupenyu hwake.

Orpheus akanga apererwa pasina kambani yewaaida Eurydice uyo akasarudza kudzika pasi pasi nechinangwa chokununura mukadzi waaida zvikuru.

Nekuda kwemumhanzi wake wakanaka wakaitwa nembira, akakwanisa kuisa muchengeti anotyisa kurara uye kusvika paive nemudiwa wake. Hadhesi nePersephone vakanzwira tsitsi Orpheus nekuda kwemimhanzi yake inosuruvarisa pambira yakamubvumira kutora Eurydice kure.

NYANO DZIFUPI DZECHIGIRIKI

Maererano nengano idzi pfupi dzechiGiriki, Orpheus aifanira kufamba pamberi paEurydice uye aive nemurairo wekuti asatendeuke kuti amuone kusvikira vabuda kunze kweNyika uye zuva raishambidza mudiwa wake.

Nokudaro, vakatevera murairo uye apo Orpheus akanga ari kunze akatendeuka kuti aone mudiwa wake Eurydice asi haana kuziva kuti zuva harina kunyatsobata mudzimai wake nokuti imwe yetsoka yake yakanga ichiri mumumvuri.

Nokuda kweiyo musikana anodiwa pakarepo akadzokera kuUnderworld nokusingaperi. Izvi zvakarovesa moyo wemudiki Orpheus ndokufa abvarurwa bvamburwa naThracian asina hunhu asi mweya wake wakakwanisa kusangana nemudiwa wake mukuru kubva panguva iyi havana kuzoparadzana zvakare.

Ngano yeArachne

Iyi ndiyo imwe yengano pfupi dzechiGiriki dzinotsanangura kuti unyanzvi hwokuruka hwakatanga sei, hwakafanana nebasa rakanaka remadandemutande, uye kuti Arachne akanga ari musikana akanaka, mwanasikana wedhayi ari muguta reColophon, uyo aiva nounyanzvi hwakanakisisa. nokurukwa.

Vanhu vaimuona vakarumbidza hunyanzvi hwake uye izvo zvakaita kuti Arachne ave musikana anozvikudza uye maererano nengano idzi pfupi dzechiGiriki mukadzi wechidiki akashinga kutaura kuti mabasa ake aive akanaka kwazvo kupfuura amwarikadzi Athena pachake uye mwari uyu zvakare aive naye. pakati pezvaanoita chipo cheumhizha.

Mwarikadzi Athena akagumbuka uye aida kudzidzisa mudiki Arachne chidzidzo kuitira kuti akumbire ruregerero pamusoro pei, maererano nengano pfupi dzechiGiriki, mwari aitarisira kuzvishandura sechembere.

Arachne, panzvimbo yekudzosa mazwi ake pamberi pemukadzi wekare, akaseka vamwari veOlympus zvakanyanya uye akapikisa mukadzi mukuru kumakwikwi ekushongedza.

Mwari akamubvisa uye akatanga makwikwi naArachne. Athena akagadzira tapestry paionekwa chiitiko chekukunda kwaPoseidon, ukuwo Arachne nekugona kwake kukuru uye kugona kugadzira tapestry uko mifananidzo makumi maviri nembiri yairatidzwa apo vamwari veOlympus vakaita kusatendeka.

Pakupera kwemakwikwi, mwarikadzi Athena akaziva basa rakakwana raArachne asi akagumbuka paakaona kusaremekedza kwake vamwari veOlympus, kwaakaparadza jira nechirukwa ndokurova mukadzi wechiduku mumusoro nepfumo rake.

Arachne panguva iyoyo akaziva kusaremekedza kwake vamwari veOlympus saka akafunga kuzvisungirira asi Athena akamunzwira tsitsi ndokushandura tambo yacho kuita dandemutande uye Arachne kuita dandemutande kuitira kuti kubva nenzira iyoyo adzidzise vanhu vane mukurumbira. unyanzvi hwokuruka nokurukwa.

NYANO DZIFUPI DZECHIGIRIKI

Ngano Pfupi dzechiGiriki Dzinopfuurira

Hephaestus uye chikonzero chekukamhina kwake

Imwe yengano ipfupi dzechiGiriki dzinoda kuziva zvikuru isingagoni kushaikwa muchinyorwa chino chinofadza ndeiya ine hukama nekamhina yaHephaestus aive mwanakomana waHera naZeus. Nokudaro, mwari uyu akaratidza kukwanisa kwake kugadzira zvinhu kuburikidza nekushandisa maoko ake.

Zvakanaka, akanga ari muumbi mukuru uye akashamisa vamwe vamwari nemabasa ake anoshamisa, akakura uye akabvumirwa kugara paOlympus kuitira kuti aite mabasa ake anoshamisa zvikuru.

Pakati pazvo, paive nehumbowo hweshangu dzaibvumira kufamba mumhepo nemugungwa sekunge munhu akazvipfeka ari kufamba pasi.

Akatogadzira jasi risingaoneki pamwe chete nemidziyo yetafura yendarama nesirivheri yaiva nesimba rokuzvibvisa patafura ndokusiya vaenzi pamabiko vachishamiswa.

KuOlympus mwari uyu aive neworkshop yake yaaive anoona nezvekuita basa rake rekuforoma kunze kwemakomo akasiyana siyana aive panyika apo mwari uyu aive neshopu yekugadzira zvigadzirwa zvake nesimbi.

NYANO DZIFUPI DZECHIGIRIKI

Pakati pengano pfupi dzechiGiriki zvinonzi rimwe zuva Hera akashatirisa Zeus zvokuti akaturika mudzimai wake maoko netsoka pakati pedenga nenyika.

Hephaestus akasarudza kubatsira amai vake asi chinangwa chake chakaita kuti baba vake vatsamwise kupfuura kubva pakutsamwa akakanda mheni kuHephaestus iyo yakamuita kuti abve muOlympus uye nekudonha akakuvadzwa zvakaipisisa uye akaremara.

Akawira pachitsuwa uye akapora asi kugamhina kwaive ikozvino chikamu chehunhu hwake baba vake vakamudzivisa kudzokera kuOlympus uye Hephaestus akange asina gomo rinoputika pachitsuwa ichocho kuti aumbe chivako chake asi chitsuwa chitsva chakasikwa padivi pacho chaaigara. iyi yaive negomo rinoputika saka ndiye aitungamira kugadzira musangano mutsva.

Ikoko akaitira baba vake mheni, iyo yaakamupa sechipo, saka akabvumirwa kudzokera kuOlympus, achiratidza mutsa wake mukuedza kuponesa amai vake uye ushingi hwake mukutarisana nababa vake, chikamhi chive chiyeuchidzo chei. zvakaitika maererano nengano.

Kuberekwa kwamwarikadzi Aphrodite

Ndiyo imwe yengano pfupi dzeGreek dzinokwevera kutarisisa kwevanhu nekuti Aphrodite akazvarwa kubva mufuro regungwa mushure mekupokana kwevaTitans. Uko Titan Cronus akacheka nhengo dzesikarudzi dzababa vake Uranus ndokudzikanda mugungwa.

Apo nhengo dzesikarudzi dzaUranus dzakawira mumvura, furo guru regungwa rakasimuka uye kubva ipapo kwakasimuka Aphrodite akanaka uyo, achisundwa nemhepo uye akatasva oyster, akasvika kumhenderekedzo yegungwa, nokudaro kukosha kwake kuvarume mwari womugungwa akanga ari mwarikadzi worudo nokubereka.

Spring yaive nebasa rekuvhara kushama kwake ndeimwe yengano pfupi dzechiGiriki dzakakwanisa kukurudzira huwandu hukuru hwevanyori mumabasa ehukuru hukuru uye runako sezvinoonekwa mumifananidzo, zvivezwa uye zvinyorwa.

Nhoroondo yeAtlanta

Imwe yengano pfupi dzeGreek dzakakwezva kutarisisa kwakawanda kumunhu nekuda kwekuvapo kwemukadzi akanaka uyu pamwe nekubudirira. Akanga ari muvhimi wechiduku ane runako rusingaenzaniswi, kunze kwokuva mumhanyi mukuru, akasarudza kutsvenesa umhandara hwake, asi varume vakanga vachiri kumuda.

Nevavariro yokudzivisa varume, Atalanta akasarudza kuti aizoroora bedzi murume iyeye aigona kumurova munhangemutange, kuti ani naani anoedza ndokukundikana aizourawa. Kunyange zvazvo akanga ari tyisidziro huru, varume vakaramba vachiedza kumukurira.

Mune chimwe chezviitiko zvemujaho, Hippomenes akakumbirwa kuti ave mutongi weichi chiitiko uye zvakare Atalanta akaratidza kuti sei akanga ari mukadzi aikurumidza uye varume vakanga vakwikwidza vaifanira kubhadhara nehupenyu hwavo nokuda kwekurasikirwa.

NYANO DZIFUPI DZECHIGIRIKI

Hippomenes, uyo kutozosvikira panguva iyeyo akanga ari mutongi wenhangemutange, akanga achidawo runako rwomukadzi muduku, sezvatinoudzwa muidzi ngano pfupi dzechiGiriki, naizvozvo akakumbira kuhwina ruoko rwomusikana muduku kupfurikidza nomutambo. makwikwi.

Atalanta akateerera chikumbiro chaHippomenes uye akanzwa kusuwa kukuru mumwoyo make nokuti Hippomenes akanga ari muduku, anokwezva uye ane mutsa zvikuru. Dai aikwanisa kumurega achikunda kuti amununure kubva kurufu, angadai akaita saizvozvo, asi Atalanta akanga atoita chivimbiso.

Asi Hippomenes wechidiki akazvipa kuna mwarikadzi Aphrodite, achimukumbira kuti amupe kukurumidza kurova musikana Atalanta, uye Aphrodite akabvuma kumufarira, saka akamupa maapuro matatu egoridhe achibatsirwa nemaapuro aya ayo mwari werudo akamupa. .

Akashandisa Hippomenes kuti agone kuhwina mukadzi wechidiki kuburikidza nenyasha dzaAphrodite uye paakapfuura mutsetse akafara chaizvo nekuti aigona kuva murume waAtalanta.Pamusoro pezvo, mhandara yakanga yatangawo kudanana nejaya iri uye akafara sezvo jaya rakanga raponesa upenyu hwaro uye raigona kugoverana upenyu hwaro nejaya rakashinga kudaro.

Hylas mudiki squire weHeracles

Pakati pengano pfupi dzeGreece pane mabasa akaitwa mukutsvaga dehwe regoridhe naJason nemamwe magamba, uko Heracles akashinga uye squire wake Hylas vaisapotsa.

Zvakanaka, Heracles kana Hercules sezvo uyu demi-mwari anozivikanwawo mukambani yesquire yake Hilas akatanga basa iri pamwe chete neArgonauts uye mushure memazuva matatu ekufamba mhepo yakavhuvhuta ndokuenda navo kugungwa duku rinozivikanwa sezita. yePropontis uye mhepo payakamira vakasarudza kusvika kunyika huru.

Nzvimbo iyi yavakagadzika igwa maererano nengano idzi pfupi dzechiGiriki chaiva chitsuwa chakanga chizere neminda yemaruva nemachakwi pamwe chete netsanga, saka chaiva nezvinomera zvakasiyana-siyana. Kunzvimbo iyi vakazorora vakamirira kuti husiku husvike.

Hylas aidiwa naHercules uye panguva yekudya kwemanheru squire wechidiki akaenda kunotsvaka mvura kuti demigod uyu anwe uye akawana nekita inokosha mugungwa rakanga rakanaka kwazvo.

Zvakakosha kuziva, maererano nengano idzi pfupi dzechiGiriki, kuti Hylas akanga ari murume wechidiki anoyevedza, saka nymphs dzeko dzakaswedera pedyo uye paakanga achiwana mvura, squire wechidiki akanzwa mazwi achiti:

“…Buruka nesu… Buruka nesu…”

Akadaro mudiki Hilas akatsikitsira kuti anyatsonzwa manzwi aya uye akapfugama pedyo netsime raiyevedza, maoko marefu machena akabva abuda mudhamu ndokuita kuti adonhe mumvura achibvutirwa nenyundo.

Sezvo kwakanga kwava kusviba, Hercules akasarudza kuenda kunotsvaka squire wake waaida, achitya kuti chimwe chinhu chakaipa chakanga chaitika kwaari, akaenda nenzira yechitubu uye akadanidzira nesimba rake rose zita raHylas uye mhinduro yekudanidzira kwake. yaive maungira ake.

Asi paakasvika pachitubu cheHercules, akaita seanonzwa inzwi raHylas asingazivi kwarakabva uye kunyange zvazvo akaramba achitsvaka mukomana, kutsvaga kwake kwakanga kusina maturo. Haana kukwanisa kuwana squire yake yeropa uye Hercules akanga apererwa uye achichema nekuda kwekusavapo kwemukomana.

Nemhaka yokuti Hercules akanga asingakwanisi kuwana squire wechidiki, akatenda kuti inzwi raakanzwa kubva kuna Hylas raiva chibereko chekufungidzira kwake kana kune mamwe mashiripiti, saka akasarudza kuenderera mberi nerwendo kuenda kwaienda Argonauts.

Muduku squire Hilas akanga asingazivi kuti Hercules akanga aenda uye kunyange zvazvo akapambwa nenyumphs, akaramba achimudana kweusiku huzhinji, zvinotevera zvakanzwika:

"... Hercules, Hercules, ndiri pano!..."

Maererano nengano idzi pfupi dzechiGiriki dzinoti vamwe vafambi vakapfuura nenyika idzodzo uye vakashamiswa kuona muchirimo kachisikwa kakapfeka mbatya dzegirini netambo yendarama muchiuno chayo, zvinonzi zvipfeko zvaipfekwa nechisikwa ichi zvakanga zvakafanana nepwere dziya. Hilas aive akapfeka paakanyangarika.

Kunyange zvazvo ichi chisikwa chiduku chaibudisa mitsindo yakakomba zvikuru kwazvo iyo yaiita kuti irangarire kuti ukuru hwayo hwakanga hwakakura zvikuru, vafambi vakapfuurira norwendo rwavo ndokucherekedza kuti chisikwa chacho chairatidzika sei kudaidzira mumwe munhu kana kuti chimwe chinhu sezvinotaurwa mungano pfupi dzechiGiriki.

Nyaya yemusikana Calisto

Uyu musikana akaisvonaka maererano nengano pfupi dzechiGiriki akanga ari rutivi rwavakadzi vaduku vaiperekedza mwarikadzi Artemisi uye Zeusi akakwezvwa nouyu musikana naizvozvo akazvivanza amene achitora chimiro chaArtemisi nokudaro ndokuva nevatano nouyu musikana akanaka.

Saka Artemis akaona kuti dumbu raCallisto rakanga richikura akamubvunza nezvazvo. Mukadzi wechidiki akamuudza kuti ndiye aive nemhosva saka Artemisi akamudzinga kubva kumhuri uye nhau dzakasvika munzeve dzaHera maererano nengano pfupi dzechiGiriki.

Saka Hera, akatsamwa paakaziva kuti mwana akatakurwa naCallisto mudumbu make ndewemurume wake, Zeus akamushandura kuita bere maererano nengano pfupi dzechiGiriki, makore akapfuura uye muvhimi wechidiki akanga ari musango kuti abate mhuka.

Calisto akaona kuti aive mwanakomana wake ndokuda kuswedera pedyo kuti amumbundire zvakanyanya, muvhimi wechidiki akafunga kuti aida kumurwisa ndokugadzirira chombo chekuuraya chikara.

Zeus akanga ari chapupu kumamiriro ezvinhu anotyisa aya uye kuti adzivise njodzi pakati paamai nemwanakomana, akasarudza kutora Callisto kumusoro kwedenga kwaakashandura kuva nyeredzi uye iyo inozivikanwa seBig Dipper nekuda kwezvinyorwa zvipfupi zvechiGiriki.

Cronus baba vaZeus

Ndiyo imwe yengano pfupi dzechiGiriki dzinonyanya kushamisa mungano dzechiGiriki idzi nokuti Cronos mwanakomana waUranus aiva denga uye Gea aiva mwarikadzi wepasi aiva titan uye baba vevamwari vakuru. Chronos aitarisira kubvisa baba vake pachigaro uye akaroora hanzvadzi yake Rhea iyo yaaive ari kutungamira kutonga nyika yevamwari.

Kunyangwe hazvo Cronos aive mukuru wevatambi, aiziva kuti mumwe wevana vake aizomubvisa muumambo, saka akafunga kuita zvekudya vanhu uye ari kutungamira kudya vana vake, asi mukadzi wake ndiye aitarisira kuhwanda. mwanakomana wechitanhatu.

Zeus akakura, akaumbwa samwari uye amai vake chaivo vakamutora kuti avhure dumbu rababa vake achibatsira kuponesa vamwe vakoma vake mushure mezvo hondo inotyisa yakatanga apo vakakwanisa kukunda Cronos ndokumuendesa kuTartaro maererano nengano pfupi dzechiGiriki.

Ngano yaMambo Oedipus

Ndiyo imwe yenjodzi dzinokurukurwa mungano dzechiGiriki pfupi dzakanyorwa naSophocles munguva yechiGiriki. Zvakanzi Oedipus aiva mwanakomana waMambo Laius naJocasta mudzimai wake, asi vakaprofita kuna mambo kuti mwanakomana wake wedangwe aizomuuraya ozoroora amai vake chaivo.

Nemhaka yokuti Laius amene akanga abata chibharo jaya ndokuzvisungirira amene, mhuri yomujaya wacho yakakumbira chirango kuna mwari nokuda kwaRaius nokuda kwezvaakanga aita. Akadhakwa anorara nomudzimai wake uye anoita kuti ave nepamuviri pakuzvarwa kwedangwe rake akasarudza kusiya Oedipus murwizi asi asati amubaya tsoka dzake nefibula.

Pasinei neizvi, mukomana wacho akararama uye akarerwa namambo weKorinde nomudzimai wake. Zita rekuti Oedipus rinoreva tsoka dzakazvimba.Makore akati kuti akapfuura uye murume wechidiki uyu akaenda kunoshanyira nzvimbo yesvikiro yeDelphi achitenda kuti madzimambo eKorinde vakanga vasiri vabereki vake.

Ikoko vanofanotaura kuti achauraya baba vake uye kuroora amai vake uye vachitenda kuti vabereki vake vaiva madzimambo eKorinde, anosarudza kutiza kubva kwavari kuitira kuti asazadzisa chiporofita, chaakatamira kuThebes.

Nzvimbo yakazvarirwa mujaya uye munzira maererano nengano dzechiGreek pfupi akamhanyira mumwe murume aizviti ndimambo vakanetsana ndokumuponda asingazive kuti ndibaba vake chaivo Layo.

Gare gare muThebes, Oedipus akagadzirisa enigmas iyo sphinx yakaparadza guta yakakumbira kwaari, yakanga iri monster iyo Hera akanga atumira, nekuda kweizvi akazova gamba uye muponesi weguta, akanzi mambo semubairo, uye akaroorawo chirikadzi yaiva Jocasta asingazive kuti ndimai vake chaivo, nokudaro chiporofita chakazadzikiswa.

Izvo Oedipus akaroora Jocasta uye kubva muukama uhu vana vana vakazvarwa Eteocles, Polynices, Ismene naAntigone asi humambo hweThebes hwakaparadzwa nedenda rakakonzera nzara sezvo mhondi yaLaius yakanga isati yabatwa nemhosva.

Saka Oedipus ndiye anotarisira kuita ongororo uye anoona kuti aive mhondi yaLaius vaive baba vake. Apo Jocasta akaziva kuti akanga ari amai veOedipus, akazvisungirira uye Oedipus pachake akaburitsa maziso ake nemabhuruku pahembe yaamai vake uye akadzingwa kubva kuThebes.

Nyaya iyi inoratidza mungano pfupi dzechiGiriki dzekuti hapana munhu kunze kwekupukunyuka kubva kune magumo avo kunyangwe vakaedza uye zvinoratidzwa mune dzimwe ngano dzakadai seyaCronos naZeus kuti vese, saOedipus, vaive nemhosva yekuponda baba vavo.

Zvakatonyanya kuipa kana zvasvika kune idzi ngano pfupi dzeGreek nekuti akabereka vana naamai vake chaivo ndeimwe yengano dzakanyanya uye dzinosiririsa dzengano iyi.

Antigone mwanasikana weOedipus

Tevere, neidzi ngano pfupi dzechiGiriki, rinotevera ngano yaAntigone, mwanasikana waOedipus naJocasta, nokuti apo vabereki vake vakafa, vakoma vake Eteocles naPolyneices vakarwisana nokuda kwechigaro apo vose vari vaviri vakafira muhondo.

Naizvozvo, mukoma waJocasta ainzi Creon akatora chigaro. Akapa imwe yemitumbi kuti aivige zvinoera asi mumwe mukoma waAntigone haana nekuti akazviratidza mukutyora mitemo.

Nokudaro, mudiki Antigone, maererano nengano pfupi dzechiGiriki, akapandukira babamunini vake nokukumbira mutumbi wehanzvadzi yake yakafa kuti amuvige zvakanaka uye vakamuudza kuti kwete. Saka anofunga kutyora mutemo ndokuviga mutumbi wemukoma wake Polinices.

Iyi ndiyo imwe yengano pfupi dzechiGiriki dzinoguma nenhamo sezvo Antigone anotongerwa kuva musungwa mubako kusvikira afiramo.

Musikana uyu aive muroora waHemoni mwanakomana waCreon, iyi nyaya inosuruvarisa inotiudza kuti mudiki Antigone anozvisungirira mubako uye mukomana, achimuona asina hupenyu, anozviuraya nebanga raakatakura naye.

Kana nhau ichisvika kumuzinda Creonte anounza mwanakomana wake asina hupenyu mumaoko ake uye Eurydice mudzimai wake anomutuka sezvo ari iye honzeri yerufu rwemukomana waanorega uyezve amai vanozvisungirira mumba mavo. Saka dambudziko rehunhu iro ndiro dingindira renyaya iyi richiri kubata nanhasi rinocherechedzwa.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X1fl-1J5mEo

Heracles uye nyaya dzake dzekunakidzwa

Heracles demi-mwari akaita hushumiri hwakawanda kudaro uye anozivikanwa nemukurumbira saHercules, tinopa muchinyorwa chino ngano pfupi dzechiGiriki dzine chekuita nemunhu wengano uyu aive mwanakomana waZeus aine munhu anofa ainzi Alcmene aive mwanasikana waPerseus. .

Hera mudzimai waZeus akatsamwa zvikuru nekunyengera uku kwaZeus kuti achaita zvose zvaanogona kuti anonoke kuberekwa kwaHeracles kuitira kuti haasi mambo weArgolis.

Baba vacho, vachida kuti mwanakomana wavo asafa, vakaedza kumupa zamu raHera paakanga akarara, asi mudzimai wacho akavhunduka ndokubudisa mwana kubva pazamu rake, zvichiita kuti mukaka wakawanda maererano nengano pfupi dzechiGiriki.

Uyu munhu akanga ane hasha zvikuru uye airatidza maererano nengano pfupi dzechiGiriki dzokuti Heracles akapa simba risingaenzaniswi rinopfuura vamwari vakawanda veOlympus.

Asi pasinei nesimba rake guru Heracles akanga asina uchenjeri. Akanga ane hasha zvikuru uye anodawo kunwa waini yakawanda uye kunakidzwa nevakadzi semwanakomana akakodzera wababa vake Zeus.

Saka zvakawanda zvezviito zvaHeracles zvakaitwa mumamiriro ekutsamwa uye giddy pamusoro pezvinwiwa zvinodhaka. Nemhaka yokuti akanga ari mwanakomana wemunhu anofa, aisakwanisa kugara paOlympus uye izvi zvakaita kuti anzwe asina simba, uye amai vake vokurera Hera vakamurwisa kakawanda kuti aiva mwanakomana waZeus ane munhu anofa.

Heracles akarerwa naChiron uye akaroora Megara, mwanasikana waMambo Creon, asi kusagadzikana kwaHera naHeracles kwakanga kwakakura zvokuti paakangomupofumadza nemasimba ake uye, achitenda uyu demi-mwari akarwisana netitans, akauraya mudzimai wake newake. maoko nevanakomana.

Akanzwa tsitsi zvekuti akabvunzurudza svikiro aine chinangwa chekukwanisa kunatsa mweya wake pane zvaakanga aita kumhuri yake, saka akakurudzirwa kuti apindure kumirairo yamambo weArgolys ainzi Eurystheus, uyo akabvuma kuita gumi nembiri. zvirango zvekudzidzira kuzvidzora pakutanga uye zvakanyanya sezvo aive nehasha zvakanyanya.

Nekuda kweizvi, anokunda shumba yeNemean uye anochengeta ganda iri rinoita kuti asadzivirirwe, zvino ndiye ari kutungamira kuuraya Ivy yeLerna nerubatsiro rwaLolaos. Ndiye anotarisira kudzorera nguruve kuna Erymanthe pamwe nekutora iyo inozivikanwa seCerynia doe.

Rimwe rebasa rake kuchenesa matanga eAugias, anototungamira kuuraya shiri dzeLake Stymphalus, anofanirawo kupingudza nzombe yeKrete inova baba vaMinotaur uyezve ndiye anotarisira kuteya mare dzinodya nyama. yeDiomedes.

Anoenderera mberi nemabasa anofanirwa kuitwa, kusanganisira kudzoreredza bhandi raHippolyta, aive Mambokadzi weAmazons, anofanirwa kutora maapuro egoridhe akawanikwa mubindu reHerperides uye aitarisirawo kutora chipfuyo cheHadhesi. Cerberus uye kuitora kunze kweUnderworld.

Akatozotorawo mombe dzaGeryon dzaive nemakumbo matanhatu nemaoko matanhatu pamwe chete nemisoro mitatu uye nepfumo raive raiswa ropa remuhydra akagumisa hupenyu hwehofori iyi kuti aendese mombe kwairi. Akatobatsira Prometheus kubva mukurangwa kwake apo akapfura museve pane gondo rinotyisa iro raigara richidya pachiropa chake.

Chimwe chezvaifanirwa kuitwa ndechekuunza imbwa nemisoro mitatu yepasi pahupo hwaEurystheus, akakumbira mvumo kubva kuHadhesi uyo akaigamuchira chero akaibata nemaoko ake uye akaidzosera kunzvimbo yepasi mushure. achizvizivisa muumambo.

Mushure mokunge apedza zviito gumi nezviviri, Heracles akaenda kuTroy kunotsiva mambo ainzi Laomedon.Achabva arara naAngea uye achava nepamuviri, achiva nemwanakomana naHeracles anonzi Telefo.

Heracles aive nehukama hwakawanda pakati pavo vanasikana makumi mashanu veThespios vese vakabereka vakomana uye vanozivikanwa mungano pfupi dzeGreek seuto revaHeclarites. Dejanire aive mukadzi wechitatu uye ane godo naHeracles, saka anodurura ropa kubva kucentaur pajasi remudiwa wake asingazivi kuti raizobata moto uye kuti demi-mwari anofa anopiswa musango.

Pamusana pemiedzo iyi isingaverengeki Heracles anova asingafi uye pakupedzisira anokwira kuOlympus kwaanoroora mwarikadzi Hebe uyo anofananidzira pwere.

Zvizhinji zveidzi ngano pfupi dzechiGiriki dzakaitwa naHeracles dzaive nerubatsiro rwevamwe vamwari veOlympus vaive nerukudzo rukuru kwaari, izvo akazova protagonist wezvisingaverengeki.

Mwarikadzi Hebe achabereka vanakomana vaviri mapatya vaHeracles avo vainzi Alexiares naAniceto, vakanga vari pamwe chete naHeracles vadziviriri venyama veMount Olympus maererano nengano pfupi dzechiGiriki.

Nhema pamusoro pebhokisi raPandora

Seyekupedzisira yengano idzi pfupi dzechiGiriki, tinoda kuvhara chinyorwa ichi nengano yaPandora, mukadzi wekutanga akasikwa naHephaestus nemirairo yaZeus uye angave akaenzana naEvha mutsika dzechiKristu.

Munyaya iyi zvinonzi Zeus akagumbuka zvikuru nekuti Prometheus akanga apa vanhu moto saka akakumbira Hephaestus kuti asike mukadzi wekutanga aifanira kunge akanaka samwarikadzi asingafi asi akapiwa huipi hwakadai sekureva nhema. anokwezva nokuda kworunako rwake.

Yakanga iri nzira iyo Zeus akawana kutsiva kune vanhu vanofa nekuda kwaPrometheus nokuti kusati kwasikwa kwePandora yakaisvonaka, varume vaigara vachifara mukuwirirana uye chirongwa chake chakanga chakakwana nokuti akamuendesa kuna Epimetheus mukoma waPrometheus.

Ndiani akadanana nemukadzi akanaka uyu ndokubva aita mapepa emuchato sechipo chemuchato wake naEpimetheus Pandora akagamuchira bhokisi risinganzwisisike iro raisafanirwa kuvhurwa chero mamiriro ezvinhu asi mukadzi wechidiki aifarira kuziva uye aisakwanisa kutsungirira. tevera murayiro .

Iroro rakanga riri zano raZeus, naizvozvo mukadzi wechiduku akasimudza chivharo kuti aone kuti chirongo ichi chaiva nei uye paakavhura bhokisi, sezvinotaurwa mungano pfupi dzechiGiriki, uipi hwose hwenyika hwakabuda mumudziyo uyu, zvichiita kuti dzisabviri. kuti musikana aipfigire.

Paakazoona kuti mukati mayo masara Elpis chete, unova mweya weTariro, ndiwo waive wakanaka chete waive waiswa nevamwari veOlympus mubhokisi iroro. Saka izwi rinowanzonzwika:

"... Hope ndicho chinhu chekupedzisira chaunorasikirwa nacho ..."

Parizvino, kutaura kwebhokisi raPandora kunoshandiswa nechinangwa chekuratidza kuti chimwe chinhu chisingakuvadzi chinogona kuunza huipi husingagadzirisike panyika, saka munhu anofanira kungwarira asati avhura chero mudziyo kana bhokisi.

Neizvi tinopedzisa ngano dzechiGreek dzakanyanya kukosha dzengano dzechiGiriki dzinoratidza kukosha kwetsika iyi munyika dzekuMadokero uye mavambo emamiriro ezvinhu akawanda atinoziva iye zvino anobva kungano dzinonakidza idzi.

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