Tsvaga kuti Aztec Mythology yakaita sei

Dzidza zvese zvine chekuita nenyika inonakidza ye ngano dzeaztec kupfurikidza nechinyorwa chinotevera chinodzidzisa, umo uchakwanisa kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pezvimwe zvezvitendero zvavo zvikuru, tsika navamwari vavo vanokosha zvikurusa.

AZTEC NYANO

ngano dzeaztec

Muchinyorwa chedu nhasi tichave tichidzidza zvishoma nezve inonakidza ngano dzeAztec, imwe yeanonyanya kufarirwa uye akadzidzwa nguva dzese. Apo patinotaura nezveAztec mythology, tinonyanya kutaura nezveseti yezvitendero uye ngano hunhu hweAztec budiriro.

Kubudirira kweAztec kunoonekwa seimwe yeakanyanya kukosha uye ane simba munhoroondo yeMexico. Vanhu ava vakakwanisa kupa humambo hukuru muguta reTenochtitlán. Iri taundi rakanga riri chizvarwa chevaMexicas uye nokuda kwechikonzero ichocho kakawanda vakadanwa nenzira imwe cheteyo.

Chokwadi ndechekuti budiriro yeAztec yakava imwe yeakanyanya hunhu hwenguva, muchidimbu nekuda kwetsika dzayo, tsika nemagariro, izvo zvakabatanidzwa nekufamba kwenguva. Ngano dzeAztec dzinotiyeuchidza nezvezvakawanda zvezviitwa zvinowanzoitwa nevanhu ava, hunhu hwavo hwekutama-tama uye chitendero chavo.

VaAztec vakanga vari vanhu vakanyatsodzika midzi mutsika dzavo dzechitendero. Munhau yose vaipa mutero nokunamata kuvamwari vakawanda vanokosha. Chitendero chacho chaida kuti ivo, sokunge zvakadaro, vape zvibairo zvikuru izvo nguva zhinji zvainangidzirwa kuzuva, sezvo rakanga riri mwari wavo mukuru kana kuti mukurusa.

Kuburikidza nechinyorwa chinotevera uchava nomukana wokudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pechinhu chiri chose chine chokuita nengano dzeAztec, chimwe nechimwe chenhema idzodzo nezvitendero zvaiva rutivi rwoupenyu hwezuva nezuva hwavanhu veAztec. VaAztec vakanga vakakurumbira zvikuru panguva iyoyo, nemhaka yokuti vakakunda mamwe marudzi akawanda erudzi rumwe cheterwo rwevaNahuay.

Ngano dzeAztec dzinotibvumira kuziva zvakadzama mwero wechitendero icho vanhu verudzi urwu rwakakosha vaive vaine. Inofumura imwe neimwe yezvainotenda kuburikidza nengano uye ngano, izvo zvinoita kuti ive yakafanana nedzimwe nyika dzekare, nekuti hachisi chakavanzika kune chero ani kuti chimwe chezvinhu izvo madzitateguru edu aigovana zvakanyanya chaive chitendero chaicho.

AZTEC NYANO

Kupfurikidza norudzidziso, vaAztec vakava nomukana wokukudziridza nzira yavo vamene yokutarira nayo nyika, nenzira yakasiana zvikuru namanzwisisiro atinoita nhasi. Zvitendero zvavo zvorudzidziso zvakavabvumira kutarira chiverengero chikuru chavanamwari nemifananidzo, avo vainamata ndokupa zvibayiro muchimiro chokuonga nokuda kwenyasha dzakapiwa.

Nezve Aztec Mythology

Tisati taenda zvakananga munyaya yacho, zvakakosha kuti titaure muchidimbu kuumbwa kwenyika iyo iyi budiriro yaive nayo. Izvozvo zvichatibvumira kunzwisisa zviri nani nheyo dzeAztec mythology. Chinhu chekutanga chatinogona kujekesa ndechekuti kune budiriro yeAztec nyika yakakamurwa kuita mazuva mana kana mazera ayo ega ega aipedzisa nechiitiko chinoshamisa uye chimwe nechimwe chezvikamu izvi chaive namwari akakosha.

Sezvazvaive zvine musoro mukutenda uku, zvisikwa nechimwe nechimwe chezvikamu zvacho zvaive nebasa rakakosha, zvinoshamisa kuti chinhu chimwe chete chakaitika nedingindira rerufu. Rufu rwakanga rwuri rumwe rwemisoro yaikurukurwa zvikuru mukati meiyi budiriro, zvichida nemhaka yezvibayiro zveropa romunhu kuna vamwari, uye ikoku kwose kunoratidzirwa zvakajeka mungano dzeAztec dzakasiyana.

Ichi chinhu chekupedzisira chaive chakakosha kwavari nekuti maererano nemitemo yavo izvi zvaive zvakakosha kuchengetedza kurongeka kwemuchadenga uye kurongeka kwaigona kuwanikwa chete nekugutsikana vamwari vavo. Nokuda kweichi chikonzero, ropa ravaAztec rakaita rutivi runokosha muzvitendero zvavo nemiitiro.

Ngano dzeAztec dzinotidzidzisa kuti ropa harina kungoonekwa semvura yakakosha chete, asi zvakare raive rakaenzana nekupa kunorema mukati metsika. Ropa rakanga riri chipiriso chitsvene chaigona kuendeswa kune vamwari veAztec uye yakanga iri pedyo nayo iyo mhemberero dzakasiyana-siyana uye tsika dzakafanana nehupenyu hwekare dzakaitwa.

Iyi ndiyo nzira iyo ruzivo rwetsika yakawanikwa muna mwari wehondo uye muna mwari wezuva masangano akazara ehumwari ekutonga hupenyu hwavo hwezuva nezuva anosefa kuburikidza nengano dzavo. Zvakawanda zvinotaurwa nezvekwakabva ngano dzeAztec. Zvokwadi ndeyokuti inobva mutsananguro yavanopa kuzvisikwa, kwete bedzi zvomunhu asiwo zvechisiko chapose pose sezvakadaro.

AZTEC NYANO

Vakakwanisa kuita izvi nokuda kwezvitendero zvavo zvakasiyana-siyana zvechitendero, zvinonzi vanamwari vakawanda. Zvitendero zvorudzidziso zvavaAztec zvakaratidzirwa, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, nokunamatwa kwavamwari vakasiana-siana, vose zvavo vane chokuita nomusikirwo; kupfurikidza nazvo vakauya kuzoumba zvitendero zvakasimba, chimwe chazvo chakabatanidzwa nemavambo avo.

VaAztec vakasvika pakutaura kuti nyika yavo yavakaberekerwa yakanga iri nyika tsvuku iri kuchamhembe, yaizivikanwa seChicomostoc, iyo yakavabvumira kubuda mukati-kati memapako kana kuti ura hwapasi, zita ravakapiwa mungano. Rutivi rukuru rweidzi ngano rwakavamba kuparadzirwa muGuatemala yazvino uno neMexico. Kubva ipapo vakatanga kukura pasi rose, vachiita kuti ngano dzavo nengano dzizivikanwe.

ngano dzeaztec

Haisi chakavanzika kune ani zvake kuti mazhinji, kana asiri ese engano dzeCentral America, aive nehwaro hwadzo mune chimwe chinhu chakadai serufu. Chinhu chimwe chetecho chakaitika mungano dzeAztec, umo rufu rwakaita basa rinokosha zvikuru. Chitendero chaida zvibayiro zveropa uye chakafamba-famba pakati pevamwari vakawanda verufu uye mamwe masangano maduku akawanda uye anotyisa.

Pamusoro pezvisikwa zvese izvo zverima infernal ngano yakatonga, kubva padenderedzwa repfumbamwe, iyo yakanyanya kudzoreredza yerima repasi reChicnaujmichtla, vakaroora Mictlantecuhli naMictecacihualtl. Ngano dzeAztec dzaireva kurongeka chaiko kwechadenga.

Vaidavira kuti chisiko chapose pose chakanga chakaumbwa nenhevedzano yendege dzakafanana, kuvambira kunze kwezvipfumbamwe kana kuti gumi nenhatu, uko vanamwari vaiva nenzvimbo dzavo dzokugara, kusvikira kudziya dzamapuraneti nenyeredzi dzinogona kuonwa muchadenga chinopfuura nomumatenga.

Pasi pendege yenyika yedu, pasi peiyo dhisiki iri pakati chaipo peChadenga, chakakomberedzwa nemvura munzvimbo dzayo dzose, ndege dzakafanana dzakatevera imwe, iyo pano yakawedzera kusvika mapfumbamwe, ichigumisa muhero rimwe chetero iro mweya kwariri. yevanhu vasingazivikanwi.

AZTEC NYANO

Mweya iya yakanga isina kusarudzwa naHuitzilopochtl, iyo yakarondedzerwa samwari anokosha zvikuru kana kuti mwari mukuru mukuru, yakasvika panzvimbo iyoyo pashure pokufamba rwendo rurefu rwamakore mana nomumiedzo yakawanda uye yakaoma. Kuna mwari uyu aifananidzira avo vakanga vafa nokuda kwemvura dzokunze dzedenga napasi, nemhaka yemadutu nemheni, uye nokuda kwehosha dzine chokuita ne“mvura” yomukati yomuviri womunhu.

Mukati mengano dzeAztec tinogona kuwana nyaya dzinoverengeka dzakapfuura kubva kuchizvarwa kuenda kune chimwe chizvarwa uye kuti kusvika nhasi dzinoramba dzichipararira pasirese. Pakati pezvinyorwa zvakakosha zvevaAztec tinogona kuwana nyaya dzinotevera: Kuberekwa kwaHuitzilopochtli uye ngano yechibage.

Iyo Aztec Creation Ngano

Kuburikidza nengano yekusikwa kweAztec, inoitirwa kufumura nenzira yakajeka chinhu chimwe nechimwe chakasimudzira mavambo ebudiriro iyi inokosha. Ngano yacho inopa Ometecuhtli samwari akakwana uye musiki. Zvinonzi pakutanga akanga ari oga, uye ndipo paakasarudza kupa hupenyu kumurume nemukadzi anonzi Tonacatecuhtli naTonacacihuatl.

Vana vana vakaberekwa kune vaviri ivavo vokutanga. Dzakanga dziri hama idzodzo ina idzo, dzichizvitora dzimene savamwari, dzakasika murume nomukadzi kuti vazadze pasi navana vavo nokudaro ndokunamata vamwari vavasiki. Ngano iyi inotiwo vanamwari ava ndivo vaitungamira kusika zvinhu zvakaita semakungwa uye vaipa hupenyu kumhuka.

pfungwa dzechitendero

Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa nengano dzeAztec chaive chechitendero. Ava vanhu vakanga vane mirangariro yorudzidziso yakawanda umo kuvapo kwavamwari vakasiana-siana kana kuti vamwari kunotanhamara, vazhinjisa vavo vane chokuita zvakananga nechisiko. Pazasi tinokuratidza mamwe edzidziso dzakakosha dzechitendero chevaAztec:

AZTEC NYANO

  • Zuva rekutanga rainzi Nahui-Ocelotl (Four-Ocelot kana Jaguar). Zvaidanwa kudaro nokuti nyika, iyo yaigarwa nehofori, yakanga yaparadzwa, pashure pemakore matatu ane makumi mashanu nemaviri, nemajaguar, ayo vaAztec vairangarira nahualli kana kuti zoomorphic mask yamwari Tezcatlipoca.
  • Zuva rechipiri rainzi Nahui-Ehécatl (Mhepo Ina). Kunyangarika kwake kwakaitika mushure menguva kanomwe makore makumi mashanu nemaviri nekuda kwekuvapo kwechamupupuri chakasimba, kuratidzwa kweQuetzalcóatl, iyo yakashandura vakapukunyuka kuita tsoko.
  • Zuva rechitatu rainzi Nahui-Quiahuitl (Mvura ina-yeMoto). Nyaya inotaura kuti mushure memakore matanhatu makumi mashanu nemaviri emakore apfuura, mvura yemoto yakatanga kunaya, kuratidzwa kwaTlaloc, mwari wemvura uye ishe wemheni, ane mazino marefu uye maziso makuru, vose vaiva vana uye avo vakakwanisa. kupona Dzakashandurwa kuita shiri.
  • Zuva rechina rainzi Nahui-Atl (Mana-Mvura). Kuparadzwa kwaro kwakaitika semugumisiro wemafashamo anoparadza, mushure memakore matatu makumi mashanu nemaviri uye kubva pakasara murume nemukadzi chete, avo vakapotera pasi pemusipuresi mukuru (chaizvoizvo, ahuehuete). Tezcatlipoca, mukuranga nokuda kwokusateerera kwavo, yakavashandura kuva imbwa, ichigura misoro yadzo ndokuiisa pamagaro adzo.

Sezvatinogona kuona, pakanga pane hwerengedzo yezuva mana akanga ari rutivi rwengano dzeAztec. Imwe neimwe yadzo yaimiririra imwe cardinal point neimwe nzira: North, West, South and East, zvichiteerana.

Parizvino kune Zuva rechishanu rinogamuchira zita reNahui-Ollin (Four-Movement). Rinogashira dhinominesheni iroro sezvo rakanga rakatemerwa kunyangarika nekuda kwesimba rekufamba kwepasi kana kudengenyeka. Pashure pokudengenyeka ikoko zvikara zvokuMadokero, tzitzimime, zvaizooneka, zvaizoita semafupa, uye zvaizouraya vanhu vose.

Mukati mengano dzeAztec, kududzwa kwakawanda kunotaurwa nezvamwari chaiye anonzi Quetzalcóatl, uyo, ari pamwe chete naXolotl, angadai akava nomutoro wokusika vanhu vomuzuva razvino uno, achipa upenyu kumapfupa evakafa neropa ravo vamene. Zuva razvino riri pakati, yechishanu cardinal point uye inonzi yaHuehuetéotl, mwari wemoto, nekuti moto wemba uri pakati peimba.

Vamwari veAztec

Vamwari vari chikamu chevanhu vanozivikanwa veAztec vakasiyana-siyana uye vakasiyana-siyana, izvo zvinotibvumira kuona kuti iyi budiriro yekare yaikosha yainyatsodavira vanamwari vakawanda, ndiko kuti, vakanga vasingatendi muna mwari mumwe chete, asi pane kudaro, vakabhadhara mutero uye mutero. kunamata vamwari vakawanda panguva imwe chete, vose vane chokuita nezvakasikwa.

Kana tichitaura pamusoro pevamwari vavo, zvakakosha kujekesa kuti havasi vose vanonzwisiswa sechinhu chakakwana uye chine simba rose, sezvo ivo vanodzorwa neidi rokuti ivo vakaumbwa nemasimba echisikigo ayo akawanda ane maitiro evanhu. Vamwari veAztec vakakamurwa kuva mapoka:

Paiva nevamwari vevaAztec, avo maererano nezvakataurwa nengano, vaitungamirira kutora chikamu mumavambo evanhu. Vanonzi vanamwari vanotsigira vakatanhamarawo, avo vakagoverwa kumarudzi anokunda. Kunze kwavo kwaiva nevainzi vamwari vaduku veAztec, vaiva nechokuita nemabasa uye mativi mashomanana emhuri.

Izvo zvakakoshawo kuyeuka kuti mumwe nemumwe weava vamwari kana manhamba aigara achiperekedzwa mungano nezvisikwa zvemweya, kuwedzera kune mashoma magamba dzimwe nguva aitora chikamu munyaya. Zvinenge nguva dzose zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa ndezvekutsvaga vamwari vakasiyana mumatenga uye epasi. Pakati pevamwari vanonyanya kukosha ndeiyi:

  • Ometecuhtli
  • tezcatlipoca
  • Tlaloc
  • Chalchiuhtlicue
  • Tonacatecuhtli uye Tonacacihuatl

Kana ngano dzeAztec dzichitidzidzisa chero chinhu, ndezvezvitendero zvechitendero izvo zvaive chikamu chechimiro ichi chevanhu vekare. Avo vakanga vari rutivi rwetsika iyi vaiwanzotanhamara nokuda kwezvitendero zvavo. VaAztec, sezvatataura pamusoro apa, vaidavira vanamwari vakawanda, zvinoreva kuti vaitenda muna vamwari vakawanda.

Vamwari vengano dzeAztec vakakamurwa kuva mapoka makuru maviri: Kune rumwe rutivi kwakanga kuna vamwari vedenga uye kune rumwe vamwari vapasi vakatanhamara. Pazasi isu tinotaura zvimwe zvakakosha, nhoroondo yavo, mavambo uye hunhu.

Ometecuhtli

Mumwe wevamwari vanonyanya kukosha mungano dzeAztec ndiye Ometecuhtli chaiye, anotsanangurwa semunhu mukuru. Mwari uyu ane hunhu hwakawanda hunomuita kuti asiyane nevamwe vese vanamwari. Chimwari chevaviri, zvinoreva kuti chakaenzana nemurume nemukadzi panguva imwe chete.

Zita reuyu mwari weAztec rinoreva ishe vaviri mumutauro weNahuatl, pamusoro pevamwe vamwari uye nekuchinja kwenyika. Uyu mwari aigara muOmeyocán, nzvimbo yematenga maviri. Samwari wehunyambiri, anoreva kutenda kuripo mune dzimwe tsika mumunhu androgynous, anomiririra kusangana kwezvinopesana: murume nemukadzi, kufamba uye kunyarara, chiedza nerima, kurongeka uye mhirizhonga.

Izvo zvakakosha kuti titaure kuti iyi kaviri peculiarity yamwari Ometecuhtli yakanga isiri yake iye ega, asi kuti kusanzwisisika uku kunogona zvakare kuratidzwa mune mamwe akatanhamara engano. Pane dzimwe nguva Ometecuhtli yaimiririrwa nezviratidzo zvekubereka.

Zvaidavirwa kuti mwari uyu akabudisa mweya yevana muOmeyocán sechiito chokuyananisa kuberekwa kwevanhu pasi pano. Kana tikaongorora hutongi hwevamwari veAztec, Ometecuhtli aive mumwe weakanyanya kuzivikanwa uye ane mukurumbira. Akateverwa naTezcatlipoca, mudzimu mukuru wenyika, uye mukwikwidzi wake Quetzalcóatl.

tezcatlipoca

Pakati pevamwari vanokosha zvikuru veAztec ndiTezcatlipoca, anorondedzerwa saishe womoto norufu. Mubudiriro iyi zvaitendwa kuti mwari uyu ndiye aitonga iro rainzi denga rehusiku, saka zvaive nechekuita nemadingindira ehuipi nekuparadza.

Kana paive nehumwari hwekutya mukati meAztec pantheon, iyo yaive chaiyo Tezcatlipoca. Mwari akaipa uye anotsiva. Akagamuchirawo zita rekuti Yáotl, zvinoreva kuti "muvengi". Ichi chimiro chaive chakanangana nemasimba ekuparadza nehuipi. Pasinei zvapo nerutivi rwake rwakashata, akanga ari mumwe wavamwari vanokosha zvikurusa.

Pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi XNUMX yakaunzwa kumatunhu epakati eMexico nemaToltecs. Nhoroondo yave ichitarisira kumuratidza samwari akaipa, zvokuti akatsanangurwa nevakawanda sen'anga uye nyanzvi yemashiripiti. Anenge aigara achionekwa aine mask dema uye girazi re obsidian pachipfuva chake, kwaaiona zvese zviito uye pfungwa dzevanhu.

Kwakanga kuri kuvonga kupesvedzero huru yamwari Tezcatlipoca iyo tsika yokupira vanhu yakatanga kuva yakakurumbira munzvimbo dzakawanda dzakare. Tsika yacho yaibatanidza kusarudza musungwa muduku akafanana nokuda kwoupenyu hworuchiva namafaro kwegore rose, asati amupa chibayiro mumwedzi wechitanhatu wetsika, Tóxcatl, nyajambwa, akapfeka seTezcatlipoca, akakwira pamusoro petembere, uko chipfuva chake chakavhurwa uye moyo wake wakadhonzwa.

Tlaloc

Mungano dzechiAztec maiva netsika yokuti vamwari vavo vose vaiva nechokuita nemadingindira ezvakasikwa. Panyaya yeTlaloc, aionekwa semwari wemheni, kutinhira nemvura. Maererano neunhu hunorondedzerwa mungano dzakawanda, akanga ari mwari ane rupo uye akanaka, uyo vanhu vaienda kwaari kunokumbira kuisirwa fetereza yeminda.

Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti akanga ari mumwe wevamwari vanokosha zvikuru mukati mebudiriro yeAztec, kunyange anokosha saHuitzilopochtli, mwari weZuva. Zvaidavirwa kuti mwari uyu ndiye aiva nesimba rokuita kuti zvitubu zvemumakomo zviyerere.

Kunyange zvazvo akanga ari mwari ane rupo, Tlaloc aityiwawo nevakawanda, sezvo akanga ane simba rokukonzera rufu nemheni kana kunyura, zvisinei iye airemekedzwawo nokuda kworupo rwake (mvura). Anowanzofananidzirwa nemurume ane maziso makuru, akatenderera, ane nyoka dzinobuda mumuromo dzimwe nguva. Anowanzo pfeka heti yakaita sefeni uye chiridzwa chekurima chinogara chichionekwa padivi pake.

mitlantecuhli

Pakudzidza ngano dzeAztec, zvakajairika kuwana vamwari vakawanda vaiva rutivi rwezvitendero zvorudzidziso zvaava vanhu. Mumwe mwari akadaro ndiMictlantecuhli, anotsanangurwa samwari werufu, ishe waMictlan, nzvimbo yakanyarara uye ine rima yevakafa.

Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti mwari uyu akafanana nemwari weMayan Ah puch. Maererano nedzimwe nhoroondo, Mictlantecuhli anowanzo kuratidzwa seskeleton, kana kuti musoro wake idehenya. Maererano nezvinodavirwa nevaAztec, kwaiva nematenga mana akabatana, kwavaisimudzirwa nokukodzera, nguva imwe neimwe vachiwana ruzivo rwakakwana uye rwomudzimu kusvikira vawana mufaro usingagumi.

Zvisinei, zvaidavirwa nevaAztec zvaitiwo vanhu vaya vakanga vasina kuzvibata zvakanaka kana kuti vaiva noupenyu hwakazara nechivi vaiendeswa kuMictlan, nzvimbo iri pakati penyika uko chirango chakanga chisiri chokutambudzwa asi chairwadza uye chairwadza. inertia.

VaAztec, kuti vachengete mwari Mictlantecuhli achifadza uye akadzikama, vaimutumira zvipo zvoumbozha, zvinosanganisira matehwe evarume vane ganda kuti vavhare mapfupa ake akanga aonda.

coatlicue

Iye zvino zviri kwatiri kutaura zvishoma pamusoro peiyi mwari anokosha weAztec mythology. Inogona kuonekwa semumwe wevamwarikadzi vanofananidzira. Anozivikanwa samwarikadzi wenyoka wepasi, amai vaHuitzilopochtli, kubva kwaari akava nepamuviri asina chivi, nemashiripiti, kuburikidza nebhora reminhenga rakawira paari ndokuramba rakanamatira kune zvipfeko zvake.

Paakaziva nezvemimba yake isinganzwisisike uye inofungira, nyaya yacho inotaura kuti vanakomana nevanasikana vake vanopfuura 400 vakaedza kumuuraya, zvisinei Huitzilopochtl pachake aiva navo, avo vakabuda vakashonga kubva mudumbu raamai vake. Inomiririra amai mune zvazvinoreva zviviri: kuberekwa nekufa, kubereka uye kuparara.

Quetzalcoatl

Mwari uyu anomiririra mucherechedzo werufu nekumuka, pamwe nekuve musande wevapristi. Aigona kurondedzerwa somumwe wevamwari vanokosha zvikuru veMesoamerica yekare. Aiwanzozivikanwa seNyoka Yakapfava, sezvo maererano nerondedzero yake, ari musanganiswa weshiri nenyoka.

Mungano dzeAztec, Quetzalcóatl aiva mukoma waTezcatlipoca, Huizilopochtli, uye Xipe Totec. Anenge nguva dzose achibatanidzwa namwari wemvura Tlaloc. Dzimwe nguva inogona kutorwa sehumwari hukuru hweMexica pantheon. Mwari wehupenyu, chiedza, kubereka, budiriro uye ruzivo.

tlazolteotl

Mumwe wevamwarikadzi vanozivikanwa zvikuru vengano dzeAztec akanga ari Tlazolteotl, anorondedzerwa samwarikadzi wetsvina nemarara, maererano nerevo yezita rake. Nguva zhinji mwari uyu aive nechokuita nehuroyi nekucheneswa kwezvikanganiso. Akanga ari murevereri wevakapfidza pamberi pamwari Tezcatlipoca, ane zita rinoreva "girazi rinosvuta".

otontecuhtli

Mwari Otontecuhtli ane chinzvimbo chakakosha pakati pevamwari vakuru vengano dzeAztec. Pabudiriro iyi, Otontecuhtli aionekwa samwari wemoto. Humwari hwakabatana nenyika yevakafa, kunyanya mutsika inonzi Xocotl Uetzi, nekuti yaimiririra mweya wevarwi vakabayirwa uye vakafa, vakaburuka pasi mushure mekuperekedza zuva.

Vazhinji vanotsunga kutsanangura Otontecuhtli samwari wechiAztec wechibairo. Maererano netsanangudzo yehumwari uyu, inogona kuonekwa nemimwe mitsetse yakasviba inoratidzwa muchikamu chechiso chayo, pamwero wemaziso nemuromo, bvudzi rayo rakagadzirwa nepepa uye butterfly ye obsidian inogara pairi. Akatakurawo museve wecactus muruoko rwake.

MaOtomies rakanga riri rimwe remataundi uko kunamatwa kukurusa nokunamatwa kwaipiwa kuna mwari anokosha uyu. Vaive netsika yekuita 19 Kurume yega yega tsika yemoto mukukudzwa kwavo. Tsika iyi yakaratidza kutanga kwemwaka wekurima chibage, icho chaionekwa sembeu inogadzirwa zvakanyanya muhuwandu hwevanhu.

Kazhinji, tsika iyi yaiitwa mudzimba dzekare dzetaundi. Ikoko vaichenesa mwoto, ipapo voushongedza vachishandisa chirimwa chinonzi jarilla, icho chaikwezva ngwariro nokuda kworuvara rweyero. Nemuriwo uya vakaita muchinjikwa wavakazoisa mukati mechoto.

tonacacihuatl

Pakati pevamwari vanonyanya zviratidzo zvechikadzi zvengano dzeAztec, Tonacacihuatl inonyanya kukwezva kutarisa. Zvinotendwa kuti iye, pamwe chete naTonacatecuhtli, ndivo vaitungamirira kuita nzira yekusika kwezvisikwa. Mazita avo anoshandura se "zvekudya zvedu", ivo vanonzi vakagadzira budiriro yeAztec.

Achitorwa semwarikadzi wekusika, mwari uyu aive nebasa rekukopana, kubata pamuviri, kuzvara uye kuzvara mwana. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichocho, mukati mengano dzeAztec, anozivikanwa se "amai vekare." Mwarikadzi uyu aiva nesimba rembereko, ndokusaka vanhu vakawanda munharaunda yeAztec vaiuya kwaari nechinangwa chokuvatsigira panguva yekubata pamuviri.

Uyu mwarikadzi akazozivikanwawo pasi pezita rokuti Xochiquetzal, iro mushanduro yaro rinoreva "ruva rakanaka". Mukati mengano dzeAztec, Tonacacihuatl yaionekwa semumwe wevamwari vanoyevedza uye vakanaka. Kutaura zvazviri, paunhu hwake hukuru paiva nerudo.

Tonacacihuatl aigara pamwe chete nemurume wake Tonacatecuhtli mudenga repamusoro. Vaivawo nevana vana, pakati pavo vari:

  • red tezcatlipoca
  • Tezcatlipoca black
  • Quetzalcoatl
  • Bone Lord

Chalchiuhtlicue

Iye zvino tichataura pamusoro peChalchiuhtlicue, inofungidzirwa semumwe wevamwarikadzi vanonyanya kukosha muAztec mythology. Iye anozivikanwa zvakanyanya se "uyo ane mupendero wematombo anokosha", ndiye mwari wemvura mhenyu, nzizi, madziva nemakungwa, zvisinei, vamwe vanomuti ndiye mwarikadzi werudo. Iye anozivikanwawo semudziviriri wekuzvarwa uye kubhabhatidzwa.

Uyu mwari, mukati mengano dzeAztec, anorondedzerwa samwarikadzi worudo. Inogamuchira chipauro ichi nokuti mutsika iyoyo pane nyaya inorondedzera kuti Chalchiuhtlicue akava mwarikadzi anotonga apo nyika yakafukidzwa nemvura, pashure pemafashamo ane simba, apo vanhu vakashandurwa kuva hove, kudzivirira kuti isanyangarika zvachose.rudzi irworwo.

Chalchiuhtlicue inowanzomiririrwa nechimiro chemukadzi wekuzvarwa, ane maficha akanaka, anoyevedza uye anoyevedza zvipfeko, anonyatso fananidzira tsika yake. Mbatya dzaanopfeka dzinozivikanwa sehuipil, ine siketi yeruvara rweemerald, inomiririra mvura inogoverwa munyanza, nyanza, nzizi nemadziva.

Maererano nezvinorehwa nengano, mwarikadzi uyu akanga akaroorwa saTlaloc. Kubva pamubatanidzwa iwoyo pakaberekwa Tecciztécatl, mwari weAztec akazova mwedzi. Zvisinei, kune dzimwe ngano umo mwarikadzi uyu asingaratidzi semudzimai weTlaloc, asi aiva hanzvadzi yake, saka, uyu akanga ari mudzimai waXiuhtechuhtli, mwari wemoto nekupisa.

Ometeotl

Ometeotl zvakare chikamu cherondedzero yevanonyanya kukosha vamwari veAztec. Mungano iyoyo, mwari uyu aimiririra hunyambiri. Uyu mwari aifananidzira matanda akapesana, masikati neusiku, akanaka neakaipa, kusikwa nekuparadza, murume nemukadzi, moto nemvura, dema nechena, pakati pezvimwe.

Mukati mehunyambiri hwake, mwari uyu aive nerutivi rwechirume nerutivi rwechikadzi. Muchikamu chake chechirume akazozivikanwa se "Ometecuhtli" "ishe wehunyambiri", nepo divi rake rechikadzi raive Omecihuatl "mukadzi wehunyambiri". Ose aimiririra vaviri vakasika, ndiko kuti, vamwari veAztec vezvisikwa uye hupenyu.

Uyu mwari aigara muOmeyocán, iri nzvimbo yakakwirira kwazvo mudenga. Chimwe chinhu chakakodzera kutaurwa nezvamwari uyu ndechekuti akazvisika kubva pasina. Nokuda kweichi chikonzero, akanzi Motocoyani, kunyange zvazvo vazhinji vaiwanzomudana kuti mwari wechokwadi, sezvo akazviumba amene, ndokusaka Ometeotl rakanga riri chiito chechisiko.

Ometeotl yakarondedzerwa samwari mukuru, mavambo ezvose zvaivapo. Panhambo zhinji kwakataurwa kuti uyu mwari ane mutoro wokuchengeta kurongeka kwezvinhu zvose. Uyu mwari wetsika dzechiAztec haana kupindira zvakananga munhau dzevanhu, chete apo mukadzi akanga ari mudumbu achitarisira kuberekwa kwomunhu mutsva.

tonatiuh

Mungano dzevaAztec, Tonatiuh ainzi mwari wezuva. Kwenguva refu akarondedzerwa semutungamiri wedenga nevanhu veMexica, zvekuti akazozivikanwa sezuva rechishanu. Ngatiyeukei kuti mukati metsika yeAztec maiva nekutenda kuti akatora kutonga apo zuva rechina rakanga radzingwa kudenga. Vaidavirawo kuti zuva rimwe nerimwe rakanga riri mwari akasiyana.

Ngano inoti pakangofa zuva rechina, vakatanga kutsvaka zuva rechishanu uye idzva. Vakawana vamwari vaviri vakafanana nevari kukwikwidza. Kune rimwe divi vakawana Tecusiztécatl, uyo aiva gwara asi aizvikudza zvikuru. Vakawanawo Tonatiuh, airondedzerwa samwari murombo asi ane mwoyo wakanaka kwazvo.

Apo Tonatiuh akagara pamberi pemoto wechibayiro unonzi pyre, nyaya inotaura kuti pakarepo moto wakaenda zvakananga kudenga uye wakavhenekera, nokudaro uchibereka zuva rechishanu uye idzva.

vamwe vamwari

  • Atlacoya: Mwarikadzi wekusanaya kwemvura.
  • Chiconahui: mwarikadzi wekubereka mudzimba.
  • Citlalicue: Mugadziri wenyeredzi
  • Cipactonal: Mwari wekuongorora nyeredzi, weuroyi (huroyi)
  • Oxomoco: Mwarikadzi wekuongorora nyeredzi
  • Xochiquezal: Mwarikadzi wekusangana kwevakadzi, wepfambi, wekunakidzwa.
  • Patecatl: Mwari wekuporesa uye musiki we peyote (hallucinogen)
  • Tezcatlipoca: Akanga ari mwari werima, unyengeri, uye uroyi. Zvizhinji zvezvitendero nezvitendero zveAztec zvakanga zvakanangidzirwa kudivi rakaipa. Miitiro yavo yechihedheni yakavatungamirira kuzviri chaizvoizvo tsika dzaSatani.

Hapana mubvunzo kuti mukati mengano dzeAztec mune vanamwari navamwarikadzi vakawanda vakaita basa rinokosha. Paiva namwari wechinenge chinangwa chiri chose uye rutivi rwoupenyu mutsika yeAztec. Chitendero chaive chikamu chakakosha chebudiriro uye chaive chakabatana muhupenyu hwavo hwezuva nezuva, zvitendero, mhemberero uye zvipfeko.

Mukuwirirana namanyuko akasiana-siana, kwaizova vanopfuura zana vamwari kana kuti vamwarikadzi vakasiana, nepo mamwe manyuko anoronga mamwe akawanda.

Aztec mythological zvisikwa

Mukati mengano dzeAztec tinogona kuwana zvisikwa zvakawanda zvengano izvo zviri chikamu cheimwe neimwe yezvinotendwa nevanhu ava. Ihwo hubudiriro hune zvakawanda zvakasiyana-siyana zvengano, ngano uye nyaya dzevanhu vaizviti vakasarudzwa nezuva.

Dzakawanda dzenyaya idzi uye ngano dzengano dzeAztec dzinosanganisira kupindira kwezvisikwa zvinoshamisa, zvinoshamisa uye kunyange zvinotonhorera. Izvi zvakasiyana nezvisikwa zveAztec zvengano nekuve nechitarisiko chemunhu, kana kuve chikamu chevanhu. Pakati pezvakakosha zveAztec mythological zvisikwa tinowana:

  • cihuateteo
  • Giants
  • tlahuelpuchi
  • chaneque

Aztec mythological zvisikwa

Mungano dzeAztec tinowana nyaya dzisingaverengeki, ngano nengano dziri chikamu chetsika dzevanhu ava. Nhamba huru yevamwari, zvisikwa zvinoshamisa uye zvisikwa zvinobuda kubva munyaya idzi. Kana tichitaura nezveAztec zvisikwa zvengano isu tiri kutaura kune masangano anogona kushamisa, akapihwa kuti anogona kuve anotyisa, akanaka, anoyevedza kana ese ambotaurwa.

Kunyange zvazvo chiri chokwadi kuti kune zvisikwa zvakawanda zveAztec zvengano, izvo zvinogona kuita zvakanyanya ndezvinotevera:

  • cipactli
  • Xicalcoatl
  • mesoamerican centaur
  • Ahuizotl
  • Xochitonal

Zivo, kunyora uye karenda

Kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezvengano dzeAztec, zvakakosha kuti titaure zvimwe zvine chekuita nekunyora kwayo, kugadzira goridhe, zviumbwa, zvinyorwa, uye mimhanzi. Kana chiri chivezwa, zvaigona kutaurwa kuti chakanga chiri chikuru zvikuru. Mubudiriro iyi yaive tsika yekuvaka zvivakwa zvakakura zvekuvaka.

Munhoroondo yese iwe unogona kuwana zvidimbu zvakakura zvehukuru hwakakosha hunomiririra vamwari veAztec, ngano nemadzimambo. Zvizhinji zvezvivezwa izvi zvakakwanisa kurarama makore uye, chikamu chikuru chazvo, muNational Museum of Anthropology yeMexico.

Mukugadzira goridhe, vaAztec vakakwanisawo kumira. Vaiwanzoshandisa kubatanidza goridhe nesirivha. Simbi dzainyanya kushandiswa kugadzira zvishongo, mhete, pectorals, zvishongo uye zvishongo. Dzimwe nguva nhamba nemidziyo zvaigadzirwawo. VaAztec vakasvika pakuonekwa sevagadziri vemifananidzo, kusvika pakugadzira mifananidzo yakanyatsotsanangurwa.

Muzvigadzirwa zvedongo zvakamirawo pachena, zvekuti zvakasvika pakuonekwa senzira yekutaura yakakurumbira mukati mebudiriro iyi, kunyanya mune zvine chekuita nemifananidzo yevanhu nevamwari. VaAztec vakanyanya kugadzira zviumbwa zvakawanda zveceramic, kunyanya zviumbwa zvevakadzi uye zvinomiririra vanamwari.

Ngano dzeAztec dzinonyanya kufunga nezvezvinhu zvakaita semabhuku nemimhanzi. Pakasvika vakundi veSpain, zvinyorwa zvakawanda zvemakodhekisi eSpanish asati avapo akaunganidzwa mumabhuku akanyorwa mumutauro wechiNahuatl ane mavara echiLatin. Zvinonzi panguva iyoyo pakanga pane zviridzwa zvakawanda zvaishandiswa kupa upenyu kumitambo mikuru nemhemberero.

Unogonawo kufarira zvinyorwa zvinotevera: 


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