Mungano dzechiGiriki, kune mamirioni enyaya dzinoshamisa dzine mavara ane hunyanzvi. MaAmazon akaumba denderedzwa rakavharwa revakadzi vakarwa kuti vadzivirire nyika dzavo, kusiyana nedzimwe ngano, iyi inogona kuva yechokwadi. Tinokukoka iwe kuti uverenge chinyorwa ichi nezve ngano dzeamazons, saka iwe unogona kudzidza zvese zvaunoda kuziva nezvavo uye maitiro avo patsika.
Ngatitaure nezve ngano yeAmazons
Zvinoenderana nengano dzechinyakare, kunyanya chiGreek, maAmazon aive nharaunda, yaiumbwa chete nevarwi vechikadzi, kubva kuchiGiriki chekare: ᾽Αμαζόνες, singular Ἀμαζών [Amazōn]. Madzimai aya aishamisa nerunako rwavo nekugona kurwa.
Vakatakura zvombo zvakasiyana uye vakadzidziswa kubva paudiki. Mutsika dzechiGiriki, maAmazon aiva mumwe wevavengi vevaGiriki. Mune mamwe mazwi, dzakawanda dzenhema dziripo dzinotsanangura kuti maAmazons aigara achirwa nemagamba echiGiriki akasiyana, achiita kuti vataridzike sevakaipa.
Pasinei neizvi, zvakaonekwa kuti izvi handizvo. MaAmazon aive uto raive nebasa rimwechete, rekudzivirira vanhu vavo. Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kufadza zveAmazons, kwaive kusikwa kwevanhukadzi vavo, kune vakawanda, pfungwa iyi yaishamisa.
Nhema dzeAmazons mune yakanyorwa tsika
Wezvenhau wechiGiriki Herodotus, akawana nharaunda iyo iri taundi rakanga riri pedyo nenharaunda yemuganhu neScythia muSarmatia, kunyange zvazvo, pashure paikoko, vakanga vari muAsia Minor. Chokwadi cheAmazon chinovhiringa, kusiyana nedzimwe ngano dzekare, kuvapo kweAmazon kunobvunzwa.
Kunyange isu tichiwanzoziva ngano uye ngano sengano dzekufungidzira dzakazvarwa kubva mukufungidzira kwemunhu, ngano yeAmazons ine humbowo chaihwo. MuEurasian steppes, maive nemadzinza akati wandei akanyora kuti vakadzi vaive chikamu cheuto uye kunyangwe. Ndivo vaiva nebasa rekuchengetedza nzvimbo yavakanga vari kana varume vacho vari kuhondo.
Nekuda kwezviwanikwa zvakati wandei zvekuchera matongo, makuva evagari ava akawanikwa. Tinokukoka iwe kuti uverenge zvimwe zvinyorwa zvakafanana neichi pane yedu blog, tinokurudzira kuti uverenge Ngano nengano.
Ngano dzechiGiriki uye ngano dzeAmazons
Kune ngano dzakasiyana-siyana pamusoro peAmazons, dzinosiyana zvishoma kubva munyaya dzatinoziva nhasi kubva kunyika yeunyanzvi. Mungano dzechiGreek, maAmazons chibereko chekubatana kwamwari wehondo Ares uye nymph inonzi Harmonia.
Mupfungwa iyoyo, vaGiriki vaidavira kuti maAmazon aigara muTerma, Nzvimbo yeGungwa Rakafa muTurkey. Guta rake, raive pedyo nemhenderekedzo yegungwa, nzvimbo iyi yainzi Ponto Eucino. Vakanga vane hutongi hwehumambo, zvakaratidzwa kuti mambokadzi weAmazons aive Hippolyta, vanhu. Muchokwadi, yakaumbwa nekubatanidzwa kwemaguta akati wandei, kusanganisira Smirna, Efeso, Sinope nePafosi.
Mutambi wemitambo Aeschylus akatsanangura kuti maAmazons aigara muScythia asi nekufamba kwemakore, vakava boka rinotama-tama iro rakazogara muThemyscyra. Herodotus akavadana Andochtones, izvo chaizvoizvo zvaireva mhondi dzechirume. Izvi zvaikonzerwa nekuti nzanga yavo yaiumbwa nevanhukadzi vese uye zvainzi vanovenga varume saka vaigara vachirwa navo.
Homer uye ngano yeAmazons
Kwakanga kusati kuri kutozosvikira Iliad yaHomer apo zita racho rakava anti hasha (avo vanorwa sevarume) vachiratidza chokwadi chokuti maAmazons akadzidziswa kubva pauduku kurwa muhondo. Ndiko kuti, savarwi, nzvimbo iyo, mukuwirirana navaGiriki, yakanga iri gamuchidzanwa nokuda kwavarume.
Kune vanhu vazhinji, kuvepo kwemaAmazons kunobvunzwa nekuda kwechokwadi chakapusa chekuti kuve nzanga inoumbwa nevakadzi. Kwakanga kusina nzira yokubereka nayo, zvisinei, ngano dzinoverengeka dzinotsanangura kuti kunyange zvazvo varume vaisabvumirwa kupinda mumusha. MaAmazon akafamba makiromita akati wandei kuenda kuGargaros, kwavakaita bonde kuchengetedza rudzi rwavo.
Kana iwe uchida kuverenga zvimwe zvinyorwa seizvi, tinokurudzira kuti uverenge Ngano yeMermaids muchikwata chedu chengano nengano.
MaAmazon haana kugara murudzi urwu, vakambobata pamuviri, vakadzokera kuguta ravo. Vana vechirume veava varwi vaiva nenhamo dzakasiana-siana dzakasiana-siana, vaigona kutumirwa kumadzibaba avo, kusiiwa kumugumo wavo kana kuti kupofumadzwa ndokukuvadzwa kuti vashande savaranda. VaAmazon vaichengeta vasikana vakarerwa nevabereki vavo, dzidzo yavo yaibva pahunyanzvi hwehondo, basa remaoko, kuvhima nekurwa.
Magamba echiGiriki vs ngano dzeamazons
Mukati mengano dzechiGreek dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa dzeAmazons, tinoona kuti magamba Heracles, Bellerophon naAchilles vakave nekusangana kwavaifanira kutarisana nemaAmazon. Kunyange mwari Dionysus akabatanidzwa mune zvimwe zvezviitiko izvi. Heracles, kunyanya, akazviwana akabatanidzwa mune imwe yezviitiko zvikuru zvezera rechiGiriki.
Akapiwa basa rekutsvaga nekuba bhanhire reAmazon queen Hippolyta, basa iri rakagadzwa naEurystheus. Kuti aite chiitiko ichi, akakumbira shamwari yake Theseus rubatsiro, anozopedzisira apamba Princess Antiope, hanzvadzi yaHippolyta. Kupambwa uku kune mhedzisiro yakaipa, sezvo yakasunungura kupindira kweAttica mukudzorera zvakaitwa naThisus.
Kune shanduro dzakasiyana dzezvinoitika zvinotevera, sekutsanangura kunoita vamwe kuti Theseus anopedzisira aroora Hippolyta nekubatsira Heracles. Nepo vamwe vachivimbisa kuti izvi hazvimboitiki uye Antiope, mudzimai wake, akafa panguva yekurwisa. VaGiriki vaidavira nokutendeka kuti maAmazons aifanira kupomerwa uye kuti akanga ari chiratidzo chenhamo.
VaGiriki nekuvenga kwavo maAmazons
Kunyange zvazvo chiri chokwadi kuti nhasi tinoonga nhoroondo yeAmazon nokuda kwezvavari, varwi vakashinga vakadzivirira simba ravo, ruvengo rwemaGiriki kuvakadzi ava rwakanyatsojeka mungano dzose dzairondedzerwa munhoroondo yose.
MaAmazons aionekwa semuvengi kana kunyange, kana nyaya yacho yakanga isina kunyanya kuoma, vaionekwa sevamwe vanopikisa. Havana kunyanya kutsvaka kunangana nevaGiriki asi kana chiitiko chacho chairatidza, vakanga vakagadzirira kuvauraya. Ngano dzechiGreek dzinoratidza nyaya dzinoverengeka uko kwaive nekurwisa kwemauto kwakatungamirwa nemaAmazons.
Amazon Attributes
Vaive neruzivo rwepamusoro rwehunyanzvi hwehondo, vakabata zvombo zvakawanda uye vaivewo nehungwaru hunoyemurika. Kune rumwe rutivi, pasinei nekuvenga kwakadzikama kwevaGiriki kumaAmazons, vakasimbisa zvikuru kunaka kwavo. Yakareba, yakasimba, ine ganda jena uye bvudzi dema, maAmazons akanga akakwana. Chikanganiso chake chaive chenyota yekukonana, kuda kwake kurwa kwakaunza dambudziko kune vanhu vechiGreek vaive vakajaira pacifism.
Panhambo zhinji, kunodudzwa kuti vaAmazon vaiva noukama namwarikadzi Atemisi, ikoku kumhaka huru nemhaka yokuti vaimunamata kupfuura idi rokuti akanga ane chimwe chinhu chokuita nechisiko chake. Varwi vakakumbira dziviriro yamwarikadzi, sezvo ari mwarikadzi wokuvhima, maAmazons akanzwa achizivikanwa zvikuru naye.
dzakakurumbira amazons
Kana tichitaura nezve maAmazons, tinoita chirevo chakakwana kune vanhu vakaumba nzanga iyi, zvisinei, pakanga paine akati wandei maAmazon anozivikanwa munhoroondo. Ngano dzinorondedzera nyaya dzavo uye vakakwanisa kuramba vari vapenyu kuburikidza nemakore.
penthesilea
Pakati pemaAmazon akakurumbira tinogona kuwana Penthesilea, murwi anotyisa anozivikanwa nekutora chikamu muTrojan War, achidzivirira guta neushingi hukuru. Ngano dzehondo dzavo dzakaitirwa godo nevarwi vose pasi pose, zvinosuruvarisa kuti Penthesilea akatambura kuguma kwakaipa, sezvo akaurayiwa naAchilles.
Hippolyta
Mumwe muenzaniso watinogona kuwana ndiHippolyta, mambokadzi weAmazons. Hippolyta aive hanzvadzi yaPenthesilea uye aizivikanwa nekupfeka bhandi remashiripiti raimupa mukana wepamusoro pevamwe varwi. Uyu murwi akarwisana nevanhu vakasiyana-siyana kubva mungano dzechiGiriki, kubva kuBellerophon, uyo akanga atonga Pegasus, kuna Hercules, uyo akaedza kuba bhandi rake remashiripiti.
Hippolyta anofira pamaoko aHercules pavanotarisana muhondo. Kune rumwe rutivi, tine kuti sevanhu, maAmazons akarwawo muhondo dzinoshamisa, inonyanya kuzivikanwa ndiyo yavakatungamirira kurwisana neAtene, hondo iyi yaiva kutsiva, Mambo Theseus akanga apamba mwanasikana wamambo Antiope, hanzvadzi yaHippolyta, saka. maAmazons akapomera taundi risingafungiri.
Iwe unogona kuverenga zvimwe zvepakutanga zvinyorwa seizvi pane yedu blog, tinokukoka iwe kuti uverenge Ngano uye ngano dzeMexico muchikwata chengano nengano
heroic cult
Kunyange zvazvo panguva iyoyo, vaionekwa sevanhu vanotyisa, maAmazons airemekedzwa mushure mekunyangarika kwavo. Mukuwirirana namanyuko akasiana-siana ekare, makuva eava varwi vechikadzi aigona kuwanwa zviri nyore zvikuru munyika yose yaizivikanwa senyika yechiGiriki.
Mazhinji acho akawanikwa muMegara, Athens, Chaeronea, Calsis, Scotusa uye Cynoscephalae. Pashure pokutsakatika kana kuti kutsakatika kworudzi rwavo, zvidhori zvinoverengeka zvakasimudzwa kuti zvibhadhare kunamata kwougamba kuava vakadzi muGirisi yose.
Mose muri muviri muChalcis nomuAtene, maiva nenzvimbo dzaidanwa amazonum, dzaive temberi uko atari yevaAmazon yakagadzirwa uye kunamatwa. Vakadzi vechidiki venguva iyoyo vaitamba vachitamba vakabata zvombo zvakasiyana mudenderedzwa. Kutamba uku kwakagadzirwa naHipólita nehanzvadzi dzake.
Amazons mune art
Mutsika dzedu dzemazuvano, zviri nyore kuwana mareferensi ehunyanzvi kuAmazons, kunyanya paterevhizheni nemumufirimu. Nekudaro, aya masampuli ehunyanzvi akazvarwa muhunyanzvi hwechiGiriki hwenguva yekare. Mazhinji emabhuku enguva iyoyo aimiririra ngano nengano dzechiGiriki.
Nemabasa eunyanzvi, unogona kuona kuti kurwisana pakati peAmazons nevaGiriki kwakaramba kwakafanana sei, ndiko kuti, kunyange zvazvo vakave vakapendwa semuvengi. Kanenge, kwenguva yakati, kwakasimbiswa zvakafara kuti ivo vaikwanisa kana kuti vanokwanisa kupfuura magamba echiGiriki amene. Kune rumwe rutivi, kushanduka kweunyanzvi kwakaratidza gedhi rekutenda kuti maAmazons aripo. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti ivo vakashandurwa kuti varatidzike sevanhu kupfuura ngano dzakataurwa, zvichivaswededza pedyo nemunhuwo zvake.
Nzvimbo yeAmazons mumamyuziyamu azvino
Kutsvaga kuduku kwezviratidziro zveunyanzvi zviripo zvinoratidza kuti maAmazons akafananidzirwa sei nemaitiro avo makuru uye zvinhu, pakanga pasina fungidziro yakawanda. Vaine chimiro chougamba, vakaenzanisirwa nezvombo zvakasiyana-siyana zvokuvhima nehondo, zvichiratidza kuti vaiva vakadzi vakasimba zvikuru sei.
MaAmazon ainamata Atemisi, mwarikadzi wokuvhima, saka chifananidzo chavo chakachinja zvishoma kuti chiswedere pedyo nemuenzaniso wakanga uripo wamwarikadzi. Nechipfeko chakaisvonaka chakanga chakabatanidzwa nechokumusoro chemuviri, maAmazons akarasikirwa nekamwe kacho kakaoma uye kechirume chakavaratidza zvakanyanya.
Parizvino, muBritish Museum, pane kuratidzwa kweunyanzvi, uko kusunungurwa kubva kufrieze yetemberi yeApollo muBasas uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvenguva inoratidzwa, apo zvose zviri zviviri mufananidzo weArtemis uye mufananidzo weAmazons unogona kuonekwa.
Iwe unogona kuverenga zvimwe zvinyorwa seizvi pane yedu blog, tinokurudzira kuverenga Ngano yePersephone muchikwata chengano nengano.
Vanyori vezvakaitika kare vanotii nezvevarwi?
Kazhinji, vanyori vezvakaitika kare vechiGiriki kana chiLatini tsika vakagamuchira kuvapo kweAmazons uye vakatovabatanidza mune dzakawanda dzenyaya dzavo.
Herodotus ndiye munyori wenhoroondo wekutanga akazvipira kutaura uye kutsanangura varwi, izvi akazviita mubhuku rake rinonzi Histories. Ikoko anotsanangura nhoroondo yeAmazons zvishoma zvakasiyana nezvatinoziva nhasi. Mariri akatsanangura kuti rakanga riri boka ravapoteri vakaedza kuyambuka Lake Meotida uye gare gare vakakwanisa kusvika kuScythia, vachiita iyi nharaunda musha wavo.
Sticia yaive nharaunda yaizivikanwa nemawere ayo, izvo zvaibvumira boka iri revakadzi vanotama-tama kuti vazvitsaure kubva kune dzimwe nzanga. Vakagamuchira hupenyu hwakatsaurirwa kuvhima, kubata hove uye kupamba, guta reEsticia rakanga risingagarwi, chaizvoizvo, kwaiva nevagari vanoverengeka vakanga vasingagoni kutsungirira kurwiswa kunopfuurira.
Zvimwe paHerodotus uye ngano yeAmazon
VaAmazon vakabvuma kuroora majaya eguta, chero bedzi vaigona kuchengetedza upenyu hwavo nenzira imwe cheteyo. Kupfurikidza nokubatanidzwa munzanga, chiverengero chavagari vapasi chevarwi chakakura, tsika dzavo dzakadzidziswa kuvazukuru vavo uye zvishoma nezvishoma, boka iroro ravatama-tama rakava rava kunzi vaAmazon. Herodotus akataura zvikonzero zvinotevera zvekuti maAmazons achengetedze tsika nehupenyu hwavo:
“Kwatiri (maAmazons) hazviite kuti tigare pakati pevakadzi vavo, vakarerwa nenzira yatisinganzwisisi, ivo vachidzidziswa mabasa epamba, kuchengeta mhuri uye kunyange kusava nemhosva nehunhu, isu vakatidzidzisa kuvhima zvokudya zvedu, kushandisa zvombo, kudzivirira vasina mhosva, uye kutasva mabhiza. Mano avainawo isu tinovafuratira uye nezvatinoita, vanofunga kuti kupenga "
Zvimwe zveAmazon ngano uye vanyori venhoroondo dzekare
Rondedzero yaHerodotus inoguma paanotsanangura kuti boka iri rakavhengana (varwi vanofamba-famba nevechiduku vomumusha) rinogara zvishomanana mhiri kwoRwizi rwaTanais, mune yava kunzi Don River. Vana vavo vaiva vaSarmatia, vakarwa nevaSitiya, vakanga vari hama dzavo dzokure, vachirwisana namambo wePezhiya Dhariusi I muzana remakore rechishanu BC Herodotus akatsanangura maAmazons se:
“Vakadzi vakanaka avo vainge vasina zamu rekurudyi, sezvo rakange rakachekwa vachiri vacheche. Vana mai vakaisa chinhu chebronze chaive chekumisa kukura kwezamu, izvi zvaiitirwa kuti vakwanise kushandisa zvombo zvine simba, kusimba kwechipfuva, chobva chanangidzirwa pabendekete neruoko rwuya parutivi. achivapa simba rinopfuura remukadziwo zvake kana murume”
Dzimwe nyaya
Kunyange zvazvo Herodotus aiva munyori wenhau dzakaitika wekutanga anozivikanwa akataura nezveAmazons, chokwadi ndechekuti paiva nevazhinji vezvakaitika kare vanotaura nezvenyaya iyi. Munguva yaAlexander Mukuru, zvakanyorwa kuti akagamuchira kushanya kwenguva pfupi kubva kumaAmazons paakanga achikunda nyika dzeAsia.
Mudungwe uyu waiva nevakadzi 300 varwi, avo vakazvipira kufora kwemazuva 25 vaine chinangwa chimwe chete, chokuti mumwe wavo aite pamuviri pake. Zvisinei, vazhinji vevanyori vehupenyu avo vakazvitsaurira pakunyora pamusoro peAlexander Mukuru vakabvunza kana chiitiko ichi chakaitika zvechokwadi kana kuti yaingova nyaya yakagadzirwa kupa zita raAlexander simba rakawanda.
The Amazons uye vaRoma
Havasi vanhu vazhinji vanoziva nezve nyaya dzinosanganisira maAmazons zvisina kunanga. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti mazhinji emabasa ake, asiri ekutungamira, akadzimwa munhoroondo. Munhoroondo yeRoma, maAmazon aimiririra chinzvimbo chakakosha. Mukati mekurukurirano muSeneti yeRoma, Kesari akarangarira kuvhozhokera kwakanga kwaitwa navaAmazon muAsia.
Izvi zvakakurudzira mauto eRoma kurwisa uye kurarama pasi pedzidziso dzeAmazon. Zvinonzi Pompey Trogus akatarisisa zvakanyanya kurwa kwakaitwa maAmazon, achifarira nzira dzavo dzekurwa uye achiedza kuashandisa panhandare dzake dzehondo.
Zvimwe zvinyorwa zvakanyorwa nezvengano dzeAmazons
Pakati pevamwe vanyori vezvakaitika kare tine kuti Diodorus akatsanangura nyaya yaHercules kukunda maAmazons muThemyscira, apo Philostratus akaedza kuvatsvaga mumakomo eTaurus. Kune rumwe rutivi, Ammianus akatsanangura kuti vakanga vari kumabvazuva kweRwizi rweTanais uye kuti vakanga vari vavakidzani veAlan, uye Procopius akatsanangura kuti vakanga vari muCaucasus.
Kunyange zvazvo vanyori vezvakaitika kare vakawanda vanokahadzika kuvapo kwavo, kunyange munguva dzazvino, ruzhinji runobvuma kuvanyora sevanhu vanokosha vezvakaitika kare munguva yekupedzisira yekare. Vanababa vanoverengeka venhau nengano vakatsvaka, kwemakore, kuedza kubvisa ronda rake, zvisinei, zvakanga zvisingabviri.
Kubva munyaya dzinonyanya kufadza kusvika kunzanga chaiyo, maAmazon anomiririra chikamu chikuru chenhoroondo yetsika dzedu, kubvuma kuvapo kwavo kana kuti kwete. Pachivanhu, nhoroondo yavo yakabata nzanga yese uye nhasi, kunyangwe tichivarangarira senyaya yakapusa kubva kare, yekare inotiratidza kukosha kwavo kune vanhu vakasiyana.
Iwe unogona kuverenga zvimwe zvinyorwa seizvi nezveAmazon ngano pane yedu blog, kutaura zvazviri, tinokurudzira kuti uverenge Perseus.
Amazons mumabhuku
Kutsanangura mabhuku ose nemabasa anotaura nezveAmazons zvinenge zvisingaiti. Kubva pavakatanga kutaurwa mungano dzechiGiriki, vanyori vakasiyana-siyana vakakurukura nezve kuvapo kweAmazons, vachitsanangura maitiro avo, mazano kana maitiro avakaita senzanga.
Zvisinei neizvi, pane akati wandei akakosha kutaurwa anogona kuitwa, nezve vanyori vane mukurumbira vakataura nezve maAmazons. Mukati mezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, Marco Polo akanyora bhuku rine musoro unoti Travel Book, apo anorondedzera rwendo rwake rwose muAsia. Ikoko akataura kuvapo kwechitsuwa chinogarwa nevakadzi chete, zvisinei, haatauri kuti aya maAmazons, sezvo asingatauri chero mano avo.
Renaissance uye varwi
Kune rimwe divi, panguva yeEuropean Renaissance, maAmazon aive nzvimbo yekutarisa kune vekare uye Renaissance vanyori. Vakatevera pfungwa yaPliny Mukuru, uyo akanga atsanangura achibvuma kuti vaAmazon vakanga vagadzira ngarava yehondo. Chokwadi ichi chine chekuita ne sagaris, chombo chakada kufanana nedemo chaibatanidzwa nemaAmazons, asi icho chaishandiswawo nemadzinza ari pedyo.
Paulus Hector Mair, akazivisa kuti ikoku kwakanga kusingabviri, sezvo akanga asingadaviri kuti zvombo zvakadaro “sechirume” zvakaitwa nedzinza raigara vakadzi bedzi. Maonero pamusoro peAmazons aive akasiyana zvakanyanya, nepo vamwe vanyori vakarumbidza nzanga yavo, vamwe vaitenda kuti kuvepo kwayo hakugoneke.
Zvinyorwa zvekare uye zvepakati
munyori we renaissance Giovanni Boccaccio, akazvitsaurira zvitsauko zviviri zvakakwana kuAmazons, kunyanya kumambokadzi Lampedo naMarpesia, mubasa rake. NaClaris Mulieribus, iyo inoshandurirwa muchiSpanish se "Yevakadzi Vakakurumbira" muna 1374.
Chifananidzo chemaAmazons kuburikidza nemabhuku chiri kuchinja zvakanyanya, mufananidzo wepakutanga wengano yechiGiriki, wakanga washanduka sezvo hupenyu hwavo hwakanga hwabvunzwa. Nhau dzevarwi ava pamwe ndeimwe yemapazi anonyanya kufadza muGreek mythology uye mabhuku.
Kune mamiriyoni enyaya dzinotsanangura chokwadi cheAmazons, vashoma vavo vanouya pedyo nechokwadi. Kunyangwe dai vaivepo chaizvo, mabhuku akashandura vakadzi ava kuva munhu anoshamisa, anogona kushandiswa maererano nemaitiro ega uye ega ega echidzidzo anosarudza kunyora nezvake.
Amazons muAmerica
Ngano yeAmazons haisi kungowanikwa muGreece yekare, asiwo mitsva inogona kuonekwa munharaunda yeSpain. Kana tichitaura nezveAmazons tinogona kutaura kune maviri akasiyana masangano. Yokutanga ndeyevanhu avo, maererano nengano dzechiGiriki, vakanga vari pachitsuwa chiduku uye chechipiri, vakadzi vari munyika yose vakamira vakatanhamara nokuda kwounyanzvi hwavo.
Tichiongorora zvishoma nezvechikamu chechipiri, tinoona kuti vanyori venhau dzakati wandei, vanochera matongo uye kunyange vazivi, vanoona kuti kwaive nenhamba dzeAmazon pasi rese. Havana kureva kuti vakabva kunzvimbo imwe chete kana kuti vane mavambo akafanana, asi kuti vaiva vakadzi vanogovana maitiro akafanana, ndicho chikonzero izwi rokuti Amazon rakagamuchirwa kuti riparadzanise kubva kune vamwe vose.
Zvinotendwa kuti maAmerican Amazons, kureva kuti, maAmazons aivepo muAmerica, aivepo munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana dzekondinendi. Pakati pazvo zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa ndezvi: The Antilles, Rwizi rweAmazon, kumadokero kweMexico uye purovhinzi yeLos Llanos muHumambo hweGranada. Nzvimbo idzi dzakarekodhwa naChristopher Columbus, Hernán Cortés, Francisco de Orellana nevamwe vanyanyi uye vakoloni senzvimbo dzaicherechedzwa nzanga yevakadzi vehondo.
Americanized tsika dzeAmazons
Madzimai aya akatora mafomu akasiyana zvichienderana nekwavaigara. Pasinei neizvi, vakagovana maitiro akafanana. Vakanga vari vakadzi vane simba, kazhinji vakashama, vaidzivirira vanhu vavo nezvombo zvechivanhu, uta, mapfumo, miseve netsvimbo ndizvo zvaiva zvombo zvakajairika. Ukuwo, zvakaonekwa kuti nzanga yavaigara vaiva vakadzi vaiva nesimba guru, varume vaivapo vaiva varanda, vana vaisiiwa uye vasikana vairerwa kuti vatevedzere muenzaniso waamai vavo.
Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi uye nokuda kwekufanana kwavakaita nengano dzechiGiriki, mapoka aya evakadzi akatumidzwawo zita remadunhurirwa rokuti Amazons. Kune mamwe mareferensi anotaura nezveAmerican Amazons. Semuenzaniso, kopi yeDominico Gaspar de Carvajal, ine ruzivo rwakawanda pamusoro pekuona izvi uye kuti mapoka emadzimai aya aitungamirirwa sei, nhoroondo inonzi "Discovery of the Amazon River"
Ngano yeAmerican Amazons: chokwadi kana fungidziro?
Iri bhuku rinotanga nerwendo rwaGonzalo Pizarro, paakanga achienda kumvura yeRwizi rweMarañón, achitsvaga muti wesinamoni, uye anoenderera mberi nekusangana naKaputeni Francisco Orellana, akange asangana pedyo nesangano iri muna 1542. .
Sechokwadi chinoda kuziva, Rwizi rweAmazon rwazvino, kutaura zvazviri, rwakanzi Orellana River, sezvo ari iye akanga aruwana. Zvisinei, kuwana nzanga yose yaigara pedyo, rwizi rwakapiwa zita rarwo razvino uno.
Tsika dzemazuva ano uye maAmazons
Tsika dzemazuva ano dzakatidzidzisa zvakawanda pamusoro pemaAmazons engano dzechiGreek pane zvadzinoita nezvemaAmazon chaiwo mukondinendi yeAmerica. Pane chikonzero cheizvi, nhamba yevakadzi munhoroondo yakabviswa, kune vakawanda, zvakanga zvisingakwanisi kufunga kuti mukadzi chaiye, asina simba guru, aizokwanisa kudzivirira vanhu vake. Kupfuura zvose, kwakanga kusingadavirwi kuti kunobvira nzanga umo vakadzi vose varipo.
Pasinei nekuedza kudzima nhoroondo, vanyori vezvakaitika kare vakawanda vakawana uchapupu hwaitaura zvakasiyana chaizvo. Ngano yeAmazons yakaita shanduko yakakwana, yakanga isisiri nyaya yakanyorwa mazana emakore apfuura, asi yakashandurwa kuita ngano dzevakadzi chaivo uye nzanga dzakanyoreswa.
MaAmerican Amazon haana kufanana nemaAmazons eGreek mythology, iwo marudzi maviri akasiyana anogovana maitiro akafanana. Kudikanwa kwekupukunyuka nemhindumupindu kunotsanangura kuti varwi vekondinendi yeAmerica vakanga vakafanana sei naavo veGreece yekare, kunyange kana vakanga vasingagoverani zivo imwe cheteyo.
Iwe unogona kuverenga zvimwe zvinyorwa zvakafanana neichi pane yedu blog, kutaura zvazviri, tinokukoka iwe kuti uongorore ichi chinyorwa Nhema dzeApollo naDaphne ine zvepakutanga zvakagadzirirwa iwe.
Mibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa nezve ngano yeAmazons
Nhasi, kune zvakawanda zvinongedzo kune maAmazons mune art. Terevhizheni uye bhaisikopo ndiwo mabviro makuru akaita kuti ngano dzeAmazons dzizivikanwe munyika yanhasi.
Kubva munhevedzano, mafirimu uye kunyange mitambo, maAmazons ave chikamu chetsika dzemazuva ano uye kunyangwe ngano dzavo dzisisadzidzwe zvakanyanya, hazvibviri kuramba kuti nyaya dzevarwi ava dzingadai dzakashamisa sei. Tevere, tichatsanangura 5 mibvunzo inonyanya kubvunzwa pawebhu nezve maAmazons uye mareferensi avo.
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Wonder Woman iAmazon here?
Wonder Woman kana Wonder Woman, sekuzivikanwa kwaanoitwa munyika dzeAnglo-Saxon dzinotaura, mumwe weanonyanya kufarirwa mavara muindasitiri yemakomiki. Gadzirwa na William Moulton Marston Muma40, Wonder Woman anotsvaga kuponesa nyika kubva kune vane simba villains.
Kusikwa kwayo kwaive nechinangwa chakananga, mukutanga ma40, United States yaive ichitambura nemhedzisiro yeHondo Yenyika II, kubata nekutyisa. Moulton akagadzira chirevo chesimba revakadzi, zvimwechetezvo, achitora kurudziro kubva mubhuku rinonzi The Superiority of Women nengano dzekare dzechiGiriki pamusoro pevarwi veAmazon. Hunhu hweiyi superheroine ndeiyi:
- Maziso ebhuruu uye bvudzi dema rakanaka
- Athletic body
- Mashura simba uye kurwisa kugona
- ruzivo rwekurwisa
- Unifomu ine mureza weAmerica.
Sezvineiwo, Wonder Woman inoreva yakananga kune imwe yengano dzechiGreek, kufanana kwadzo kuri pamuchinda weThemyscira. Musiyano chete ndewekuti pachinzvimbo chekurwisa zvisikwa zvengano kubva kuGreece yekare, muchindakadzi uyu akave Americanized kuti ave Wonder Woman uye kurwisa maNazi.
Chimwe chezvikonzero nei tichiziva Wonder Woman semukadzi weAmazon ndechekuti huwandu hwekufanana kwaakaita nengano dzekare hazvirambike. Mukadzi anoshamisa anomira kunze kwekuve akanaka, akasimba uye akangwara, maitiro aya akafanana anotsanangura maAmazons muzvinyorwa zvechiGiriki.
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MaAmazon aiveko zvechokwadi here?
Hazvinyatsozivikanwi, kana tikaongorora zvishoma zvenhoroondo, tichakurumidza kuziva kuti kuedza kwevakadzi kunowanzovharidzirwa kana kushandiswa chete sechiratidzo chechiratidzo. Kwemakore, basa rechokwadi revakadzi rakavanzwa, izvi hazvirevi kuti vaivapo zvechokwadi, chete kuti zvinogoneka kuti kana vaiva nazvo, nhoroondo yavo yakadzimwa nekufamba kwemakore.
Nhasi, isu tinoziva kuti kwaive nevakadzi varwi, muenzaniso wakajeka, vaive varwi muHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, zvisinei, zvakaoma kutsanangura kana nhoroondo yevakadzi varwi ichienda zvakanyanya kumashure kupfuura zvatingafungidzira.
Pasinei nezvose izvi, pane vanhu vaiti maAmazons aripo. Somuenzaniso, Francisco Orellana, mumwe wavarume vakakumbanira nzvero dzokudzorwa kwehurumende yeAmerica, akataura kuti apo akasvika kumahombekombe eRwizi rwaMarañón, akaona vakadzi vavarwi vachiedza kudzivirira taundi ravo nouta.
Uyu mufananidzo unoorora wakamuita kuti abhabhatidze mvura uko akanga adziona kwenguva yokutanga, Rwizi rweAmazon. Kuona kuti izvi zvakaitika here kana kuti kwete, asi hazvina kuoma kutenda.
Tsika dzerudzi rwechivanhu dzaive dzakasiyana chaizvo nezvatinazvo nhasi, masimba nedzidziso dzavo dzakakwanisa kugadzira varwi vakasimba uye vakangwara. Iwe unogona kuverenga zvimwe zvinyorwa seizvi nezveAmazon ngano pane yedu blog, kutaura zvazviri, tinokurudzira kuti uverenge Pegasus muchikwata chengano nengano.
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Ndekupi kwakabva maAmazons?
Kana tichitaura nezve maAmazons, imwe yemibvunzo inonyanya kubvunzwa ndeye nezve kwaakabva. Kuva nzanga yevakadzi, zvakaoma kufungidzira kuti vakazvarwa sei, mhinduro kune iyo, chaizvoizvo, iri nyore. Sezvo ngano dzichitiudza kuti varwi ava vakazvarwa kubva kumubatanidzwa weGreek Mwari wehondo Ares uye nymph inonzi Harmonia.
Kuti ape zvisikwa zvake mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, nguva pfupi asati aberekwa, Atene yakanga iri mukurwisana kwakakomba neSparta, sezvo nharaunda dzose dziri mbiri dzairarama hupenyu hwakasiyana zvikuru. Sparta yakatsvaga kuve mukundi wehondo dzese dzinogoneka kuti dzikunde nzvimbo zhinji uye Atene yakatsvaga ruzivo, vaive vatendi vakatendeka kuti hunyanzvi hwaifanira kudzivirirwa uye kuchengetedzwa kupfuura zvese.
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MaAmazon akazivana nani?
Zviripachena neSparta, magariro ese aitenda kuti kurwisana kwehondo ndiyo yakanakisa mhinduro, zvisinei, pane musiyano wakajeka, veSpartan vainangana nekupa masoja kumauto, nepo maAmazons ndiwo akaenda kuhondo.
Vese vari muSparta uye muThemyscira, iro guta-nyika yeAmazon, ungochani hwakagamuchirwa uye vaive vasina imwe sarudzo, vaive vagari vemo kwaive nenhamba yakadzikama yevagari vebonde rimwe chete, kungave munhandare yehondo kana kunze kwayo. .
Aive chaiwo Amazons Spartan? Zvichida kana kuti kwete, sezvatakambotaura, kana maAmazons aivepo zvechokwadi hazvibviri kuziva mavambo avo, saka tichafanira kunamatira nedzidziso inotsanangura ngano dzechiGiriki.
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MaAmazon aive asina kuroora here?
Nhau dzeAmazon dzinoratidza kuti yaive nzanga yevakadzi, ndiko kuti, pakanga pasina varume mukati mevanhu vavo. Ngano pamusoro pavo dzinotiudza kuti maAmazons vaiva vavhimi vechikadzi vakauya pasi pano vaine chinangwa chimwe chete: kudzivirira nyika dzavo.
Pamusoro pezvo, zvimwe zvinangwa zvakawedzerwa, sekukunda hondo dzakakosha dzevamwe vanhu, kugara pamwechete senharaunda nekuchengetedza nzanga yavo. Kunyange zvazvo ichokwadi kuti hapana nguva yakawanda inotaurwa pamusoro pekuti paiva nevarume paThemyscira, chokwadi ndechokuti vangangodaro.
VaAmazon vakaramba kuroora, asi vaifarira kugutsa zvishuvo zvavo zvenyama, mukuwedzera, vaive nebasa rekuchengetedza vanhu vavo. Ngano yeAmazons inotyora zvinowanzoitika kune dzimwe ngano, sezvo inobvisa iyo pfungwa yekuti magumo emusikana aive ekuroora uye kuva nemhuri.
Nhoroondo idzi dzakajeka, sekutonga, maAmazon aigara asina kuroora, zvisinei, pane zvimwe zvakasarudzika, semuenzaniso, Antiope akaroora Theseus imwe nguva mushure mekunge amupamba.
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Xena, murwi muchindakadzi aivapo?
Munguva ye90s, mutambo wakakurumbira unonzi Xena, murwi muchindakadzi, wakaburitswa, wakaiswa muGreece yekare. Yakataura nyaya yemukadzi wechidiki akashinga akazviwana ari mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma, zvitsauko zvakawanda zvenhevedzano zvakaratidza kuti Xena aive mukadzi akanaka (ane hunhu hwemaAmazons) uye kuti aiziva kurwa nezvombo zvakasiyana.
Lucy Lawless ndiye mutambi akaunza chimiro ichi kubva ku1995 kusvika 2001. Kunyange zvazvo pasina kunyatsotsanangurwa kwakaitwa pamusoro pekuti Xena aiva Amazon here, zvinonyanya kutaurwa kuti unhu hwake hune zvinyorwa zvakawanda zvenhema.
Xena, semunhu muhupenyu chaihwo, akange asipo. Hapana chinyorwa chinotaura nezvomunhu munhau akanga ari muchindakadzi ane zita iroro, ndoda murwi akatanhamara. Xena hunhu hwakagadzirirwa terevhizheni, murwi ane hunyanzvi akatsanangura uye akakurudzira vakadzi vechidiki vazhinji venguva iyoyo.
Kana iwe uchida kuverenga zvimwe zvinyorwa zvakadai, unogona kutarisa bhurogi redu, chaizvoizvo, tinokurudzira kuti uverenge Cassandra
The Amazons muhupenyu chaihwo
Kunyange zvazvo chiri chokwadi kuti kuvapo chaiko kwemaAmazons kune imwe nzira isina chokwadi, pane kuwanikwa kunogona kuratidza kutendeseka kwavo. Ngano yechiGiriki yeAmazons inoreva kuti yaive nzanga yevakadzi, kwavakadzidziswa muunyanzvi hwehondo, vachigadzira masoja akakwana ekunaka kukuru.
Kwemazana emakore, zvaitendwa kuti maAmazons anogona kunge ari muvengi akaipisisa kune magamba akasiyana enguva, akadai saHercules kana Achilles, ivo vanorumbidzwa nebasa ravo rekudzivirira vanhu vavo nehushingi hukuru. Vanyori venhoroondo vakati wandei vakakwanisa kuwana boka iri revakadzi muAnatolian peninsula (Asia Minor)
Rwizi rweTermodont runodira ipapo, iyo inofungidzirwa kuti ndiyo nzvimbo iyo guta reThemyscira, nyika inodiwa yeAmazons, inogona kunge iripo. Munyori wenhau dzakaitika Herodotus (484-425 BC) akaratidza kuti aitenda kuti nzvimbo iyi yaiva mberi kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva, muPontic steppes, nzvimbo ino nhasi ndiyo yatinoziva seUkraine, kumaodzanyemba kweRussia uye chikamu cheKazakhstan.
Iyi saiti, zvakare, yaive muganho pakati pevaGiriki nevanhu veSitiya, tsika yacho yakasimuka kubva kune vamwe sezvo yaive yakavakirwa pakufudza vanotama uye kupfuya mabhiza (mabhiza, nekuwedzera, anowanzo kutaurwa pakutaura nezve ngano yeamazons. )
Kana iwe uchifarira kuverenga zvimwe zvemukati seizvi nezve ngano dzeAmazons, tinokurudzira kuti uverenge Echo naNarcissus pane yedu blog.
Kuongorora
Anopfuura makore 30 apfuura, muna 1988, rwendo rwokuchera matongo rwakaitwa muRepublic of Tuva rwakakwanisa kuwana chinhu chinoshamisa chakawanikwa. Kwaive kuvigwa kwakasarudzika kubva pakutanga Iron Age, kuwanikwa uku kwakaitwa panzvimbo yeSaryg-Bulum.
Pakucherwa, pakawanikwa zvitunha zviviri, zvakabatanidzwa pamwe chete, zvichiita masere. Izvi zvakawanikwa zvakatemwa kubva muzana ramakore rechina BC. Mukati mezvitunha izvi makanga muine zvisaririra zvevanhu vanomwe vakavigwa, mumwe nemumwe wavo achiperekedzwa nezvinhu zvakawanda.
Chinhu chinonyanya kushamisa kune vezvokuchera matongo veRussia pavakatanga kushanda paguva nhamba yechishanu, kwavakawana bhokisi rehunde yelarch, iyo chivharo chayo chakanga chakanyatsovharwa. Nekuda kwemaitiro echisikigo emhando yehuni iyi uye kushaikwa kwemhepo, mutumbi wakavigwa muguva iroro wakanyatsochengetedzwa.
DNA test
Panguva iyoyo, zvaidavirwa kuti aiva amai vemwana. Zvisinei, makumi matatu emakore gare gare uye mushure mezvidzidzo zvakasiyana-siyana zveDNA, zvakaratidzwa kuti mutumbi wakawanikwa wakanga usiri mwana. Zvakapesana zvikuru, akanga ari mukadzi muduku, uyo angadai akanga ane makore anenge 13 okukura paakafa. Maererano nekudzidza kwakabudiswa neRussia Academy of Sciences, mamwe skeletons matanhatu, vatatu chete vavo vaiva vakadzi.
Chakanyanya kushamisa ndechekuti vakavigwa sekunge vakatasva bhiza. Vanhu vakawanda vanodavira kuti vaGiriki vekare vakanga vasangana nevaSitiya. Idzi dzakanga dzatonga nhanho yeEurasia mukati memireniyamu yekutanga BC.
VaGiriki vangave vakaororwa zvikuru nounyanzvi hwavo hwokutasva zvokuti apo vakavigwa, vakazvitorera ivo vamene kurarama nguva iyoyo nokusingaperi.
musikana we amazon
Mutumbi wemusikana wakawanikwa murwendo rwekuchera matongo ndiwo wakachengetedzwa zvakanyanya. Izvi zvakakonzerwa nemamiriro akanga avigwa. Kutenderedza zvisaririra, zvaigona kuonekwa kuti akanga akapfeka musoro wedehwe wakapendwa nerudzi rwepigment tsvuku. Pamusoro pezvo, aipfeka bhachi rakasonwa nedehwe rembeva yekurenje.
Kuti atsigire bhachi racho, aipfeka bhandi redehwe rakanaka rine bhandi rakaisvonaka rebhuronzi. Ukuwo, mutumbi wemusikana wakanga usiri woga. Muguva rake maigona kuonekwa zvinhu zvakati wandei, kusanganisira goba redehwe rine misi, mbezo dzacho dzakanga dzakashongedzwa. Mukuwedzera, mapikicha akawanda ehondo uye uta zvakawanikwawo.
Pamitumbi mitatu yevakadzi yakawanikwa, miviri chete ndiyo yaive nemidziyo yekurwa iyi. Nekuda kwekuvigwa kwavakaita, zvakatemwa kuti vakadzi ava vaive maAmazons kana kuti, chinhu chiri padyo nevanhu ava.
Mukati memakuva anozivikanwa seDevita V, munogona kucherechedzwa mirwi inosvika gumi nemapfumbamwe. Zvizhinji zvacho zvakatohwanda, izvi zvinodaro nekuti dunhu iri pari zvino inzvimbo inorimwa.
Mazana emakore mashoma apfuura, makuva aya aifukidzwa nematombo emuoki aipindirana. Vakazorora pambiru gumi neimwe kana zvirinani, ndozvaunofungidzira nzvimbo iyoyo.
Vakavigwa vakadzi
Vakadzi vakavigwa uye vakawanikwa murwendo rwekuchera matongo vaiva nemazera akasiyana. Vaviri vavo vakanga vari vaduku, vanofungidzirwa kuva pakati pemakore 20 ne29 okukura. Nepo vamwe vari pakati pe25 ne35, kuwedzera kumukadzi wechidiki wemakore gumi nemaviri kana gumi nematatu uye mukadzi wemakore makumi mana nemashanu. Chokwadi chekupedzisira ichi chinoda kuziva. Mukadzi wacho akanga apfuura nduramo yevaSitiya, iyo yaiva makore 12 kusvika ku13.
Kusiyana nemamwe mavigwa, edzinza revakadzi iri akaitwa panguva imwe chete. Izvi zvinogona kuratidza kuti vakafa vese panguva imwe chete. Zvizhinji zvezvidimbu zvinogona kujekesa zvimwe zvakavanzika hazvipo. Makororo ekumakuva aiba zvimedu zvakasiyana-siyana zvembatya nezvigadzirwa kubva kumakuva.
Pasinei neizvi, mutumbi wemukadzi wacho wakavigwa panzvimbo yevatasvi vebhiza. Ndiko kuti, sokunge akatasva bhiza, rakanga rakasimba. Mukati meguva remukadzi mukuru makawanikwa korona, dhadha uye simbi dzinoverengeka. Chinofadza ndechekuti mapoinzi akadai aive akanyanya sezvo aive forogo.
Amazon Ropafadzo
Kure kupfuura izvo zvinogona kutaurwa, kuwanikwa uku kunogona kureva kuti pamwe maAmazon aive nenzvimbo chaiyo munhoroondo. Kunyangwe zvisiri nenyaya yekufungidzira kuti munhu wese anotovaziva.
Kune nhoroondo yedu uye tsika, kuwanikwa uku kunogona kureva shanduko munhoroondo yedu. Kutaura zvazviri, zvaizobvumira munhu kuti atange kubvunza chokwadi chengano dzacho.
Kana maAmazons aivepo, ndezvipi zvimwe zvisikwa, magamba kana fungidziro mavara aive chikamu chechokwadi?
Kana iwe uchida kuverenga zvakawanda zvemukati seizvi nezve ngano dzeAmazons, tinokukoka iwe kuti uongorore blog yedu. Tine zvakawanda zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvikamu uye zvinyorwa zvepakutanga. Vakazara nevaraidzo uye kudzidza chete iwe. Tinokukoka iwe kuti uverenge chinyorwa chedu chazvino chakaburitswa Ngano yeIcarus