Muchikamu chino ndinokukoka iwe kuti uzive zvese nezve neoclassical architecture, chivakwa chakatonga chikamu chezana ramakore rechi XNUMX nezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, mukondinendi yose yeEurope nokuda kweruzivo rwayo rwounyanzvi rwakavakirwa patsika dzechiRoma nedzechiGreek, zvichiita kuti zvivakwa zvemhando yepamusoro uye kubvisa chishongo chipi nechipi kuitira kuti chivakwa chacho chishande zvizere munzvimbo dzayo dzose. Verenga uye uzive zvese!
neoclassical architecture
Neoclassical architecture ine mabviro ayo muzana ramakore rechi XNUMX, uye inozivikanwa senzira yekumadokero yekuvaka iyo inopa hupenyu kune neoclassical kufamba, iyo neoclassical architecture yaive nechinangwa chayo chikuru kuve kuita kupokana neiyo baroque art yekushongedza zvakasikwa. Akazvarwa pane izvo zvakanzi nedzimwe nyanzvi dzehunyanzvi kunonoka baroque. Asi neoclassical architecture yakawedzera kusvika muzana remakore rechiXNUMX.
Gare gare, neoclassical architecture yakabatana nemamwe maitiro eunyanzvi, akadai senhoroondo yezvivakwa uye eclecticism yekuvaka. Zvinhu zvinopa hupenyu kune neoclassical architecture yaive mamiriro emagariro uye ezvematongerwo enyika aivepo muzana ramakore regumi nemasere, pakati pezvinhu izvi zvicharatidza dambudziko rehutongi hwekare, shanduko yemaindasitiri, encyclopedism, mufananidzo uye hwaro hweAcademies.
Semuyenzaniso, chinhu chakakosha mukuzvarwa kweneoclassical architecture yaive Industrial Revolution nekuti yaive axis yakakosha yekugadzirisa mararamiro aiitika mumaguta makuru uye izvi zvakakonzera kufambira mberi kwehunyanzvi uye mukuvaka nekushandiswa kwezvinhu zvitsva zvakaomarara. , iyo yakachengetedzwa nekufamba kwenguva, kunyange kuvandudza maitiro.
Vazhinji vevanonyanya kuzivikanwa maartist, vagadziri vezvivakwa, uye mainjiniya vaitsvaga humwe hunhu hwesainzi kuhunyanzvi. Saka vazhinji veava maartist vaive vava vagadziri uye matekiniki ehunyanzvi pachahwo, pane kungotevedzera kana vagadziri vemifananidzo. Saka vakashandisa iwo mweya wesainzi wavaive nawo mukati kuti vatange kufunga nezvesarudzo dzemhando yepamusoro sehunyanzvi hwekufambira mberi kwakaoma.
Hunyanzvi ihwohwo hwekufambira mberi hwaive husina zvishongo zvakawanda izvo zvisina zvazvinoreva kana zvakakosha, zvichigara zvichitsvaga kukwana kwebasa. Naizvozvo, mune neoclassical architecture, maartist uye vagadziri vakatsvaga kuenderana nekukwana kwemitemo isingachinjiki. Pasina kuve akasungirirwa kune anozviisa uye asina kukwana maratidziro aakapihwa nemugadziri.
Mamiriro matsva ayo akashandiswa mukugadzira neoclassical architecture, akakonzera kurambwa kwekupedzisira baroque architecture yaive ichiitika muzana ramakore regumi nemasere, uye maartist nevagadziri vezvivakwa vakatanga kutsvaga mafomu matsva nemhando dzezvivakwa zvichienderana neyakapfuura zvivakwa asi nerudzi rwekuvaka. unyanzvi hunogona kuva nekodzero yepasi rose.
Nenzira iyi, mune neoclassical architecture, nhevedzano yekufamba kwakakosha yakatanga kuzvarwa iyo chinangwa chikuru chaive chekuwana kudiwa kwekubvisa zvese zvekushongedza kubva muzvivakwa sezvo zvaive zvisina chinangwa kana kushanda.
Ndicho chikonzero nei vagadziri vakasiyana-siyana vakatanga kuparadzira maitiro matsva uye nzira dzekusimudzira neoclassical architecture, pakati pavo zvinotevera zvinomira pachena: Francesco Milizia (1725-1798): uyo mugore ra1781 nebhuku rake rinonzi Principi di Architettura Civile rakapararira muItaly yose nekumaodzanyemba. Europe iwo mafungiro matsva eiyo neoclassical architecture.
Abbé Marc-Antoine Laugier (1713-1769): Mugadziri wezvivakwa uyu akatsigira muFrance mabasa ake anozivikanwa seEssai sur l'Architecture mugore ra1752 uye Observations sur l'Architecture mugore ra1765, kukosha kwekuvaka zvivakwa uko zvikamu zvese izvo ita kuti ive nekushanda pasi peiyo musimboti uye tsika yeNeoclassical architecture, kunyangwe zvinhu izvi zvaingove zvekushongedza.
Nenzira idzi, neoclassical architecture inotsigira kuti chivakwa chine mashandiro anofanirwa kuitwa uye zvivakwa zvinofanirwa kuvakwa zvine musoro, zvichishandisa tsananguro yehupfumi asi kushandura kushanda kwezvivakwa asi kuita shanduko kuhurongwa hwesangano renzvimbo uye hukama. iyo iripo pakati pezvakasimba nezvisina maturo.
Musangano rekuvhenekerwa zvaitendwa kuti munhu aive asina mufaro nekuda kwekusaziva kwaaifunga nekuda kwekusanzwisisa kwaakatakura muhupenyu hwake. Nepo nzira yemufaro kuvanhu yaive yekuve nechiedza chepfungwa kuburikidza nedzidzo.
Ndokusaka maAcademies ekutanga akagadzirwa kuti adzidze uye kudzidza zvehunyanzvi hwakange hwazvarwa muItari kubva muzana ramakore reXNUMX. Asi maAcademies ayo akavambwa muzana ramakore rechi XNUMX, akanga atove nepfungwa yeZera reKuvhenekerwa uye akashandiswa kufambisa pfungwa dzaipesana neunyanzvi hwebaroque, asi dzaitsigira kufambisa ruzivo rweneoclassical architecture.
Nenzira imwecheteyo, ruzivo rwehunyanzvi nesainzi rwakanga rwuchishandiswa mukuita uye mukuvakwa kwezvivakwa zvakasiyana rwakatanga kufambiswa, neoclassical architecture sezvo kusimbiswa kwakanyanya kwaiiswa paRenaissance zvinyorwa zvehutatu hwakanaka. Mushure menguva iyoyo, misimboti yetsika inoshandiswa uye ndipo apo neoclassical architecture inotanga kuongororwa serimwe rematavi emagariro netsika.
Nenzira imwecheteyo iyo Encyclopedism iyo yakagadziridzwa muzana ramakore regumi nemasere, hunhu kune neoclassical architecture kugona uye ndiko kupesvedzera kugona uye pfungwa dzevarume, ndosaka tsika dzevarume dzakapesvedzerwa mukuvaka kwakasiyana kwaivandudza hupenyu hwevanhu. sezvipatara, mamiziyamu, theatre, mapaki, maraibhurari pakati pezvimwe zvakawanda.
Sezvo ivo vakagadzirwa vachishandisa maitiro eiyo neoclassical architecture zvekuti ivo vaive vakakura muzvisikwa. Nemweya wairarama muChimurenga cheFrance, pakanga panewo chinjo mumurangariro worudo wakanga waitwa kubvira Girisi Yekare.
Eya, muchivako ichocho chaidiwa kuti mudzidzi ave nezivo yezvinyorwa zvekare zvakadai saVitrubio, Palladio, Vignola; Asi panzvimbo pezvo akapiwa zivo yezvivakwa zvechiGiriki, zveRoma, uye kunyange zveEgipita. Kuti titsvage huchenjeri uye kugona mune zvese zvekuvaka zvekare.
Ndosaka vagadziri vezvivakwa vakagadzira zvivakwa zvavo pamuenzaniso weGreeco-Roman, vaine chivakwa chakakura icho chaive chakavakirwa pakuburitsa matembere echinyakare akasiyana asi vachichipa chirevo chitsva mumagariro evanhu. Muenzaniso wakajeka waiva kushandiswa kwakapiwa kwairi nepropylaea muAthens, iyo yakashandiswa neGermany Carl Gotthard Langhans kugadzira dhizaini yake yeGedhi reBrandenburg muBerlin (1789-1791). Iro basa rakakura reNeoclassical architecture.
Iri basa rakadzokororwa zvakare pamusuwo weDowning College muCambridge (1806), basa rakaitwa nemugadziri weChirungu William Wilkins. Saizvozvowo, muRungu James Stuart (1713-1788), uyo aiva nebasa rokugadzira mapurani uye ainzi muAtenean, akagadzira shongwe yaizivikanwa seLysicrates muStaffordshire, yakanga yakafanana zvikuru nedombo rakawanikwa muAthens, iro rakanga riri shongwe yokucherekedza. Lysicrates.
Nepo hama dzeAdams dzakatanga kuparadzira dhizaini yavo yeNeoclassical muEngland yose, yaive yemhando yekushongedza yemukati ine madingindira akatorwa kubva mukuchera matongo uye basa rakanyanya kutarisisa raive reOsterley Park, yaive imba yeEtruscan inoshamisa. MuItaly, kushandiswa kwemhando dzekare dzezana remakore rechiXNUMX kwaidiwa, iyo yakanyanya kushandiswa yaiva yePantheon yaAgripa yakaitwa muguta reRoma, iyo yakadzokororwa mumatemberi akawanda.
Nepo mamwe maartist akashandisa neoclassical architecture, aizivikanwa nenzanga sema utopians, vaoni, kana marevolutionaries. Sezvo mabasa ake ekuvaka akarongwa mumhando dzakasiyana dzejometri. Nenzira iyi vagadziri vezvivakwa havana kurasa nhaka yekare yekare. Asi vakashandisa mitemo yekuenzanisa uye kushandiswa kwezviyeuchidzo zvikuru.
Zvivakwa izvi zvakavakwa nekubatanidzwa kwezvimiro zvakawanda zvejometri. Pakati pevanyori vakatanhamara zvikurusa navagadziri vamapurani pakanga pana Étienne-Louis Boullée (1728-1799) naClaude-Nicolas Ledoux (1736-1806), avo vakanga vari vatangi veiyi pfungwa. Kuburikidza nehombe huru yemapurojekiti ekuvaka ayo aisakwanisa kuitwa. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti pakati pezvirongwa izvi pane cenotaph yaIsaac Newton iyo yakagadzirwa naBoullée.
Dhizaini yakadai yaive yekuve nechimiro chebhora nenzira ine graphic kubva patani yaishandiswa. Sezvo chimiro ichi chaizove nechigadziko chakaita denderedzwa chaive nebasa rekuchengetedza guva remusayendisiti mukuru uyu Isaac Newton.
Claude-Nicolas Ledoux akakwanisa kuvaka zvivakwa zvakati wandei, chimwe chezvivakwa izvi chiri munzvimbo inoita senge maindasitiri metropolis yeMigodhi yeArc-et-Senans, yefekitori yakatenderera iri muFrench Territory kana Villette complex muguta. weParis.
Kunze kweaya mazano maviri ekuvaka, pane imwezve yekusarudza kubva, yaive animated architecture. Kubva ipapo zvichienda mberi, chii chaive chezana ramakore rechi XNUMX chinoyevedza neoclassical architecture yemagadheni echirungu yaive nani kune yayo yakasikwa fomu. Kusiyana nemapindu eFrance aive nechimiro chejometri. Iko kusanganiswa kwezvivakwa izvi izvo zvinoumbwa zvechisikigo uye zvekuvaka zvinokosheswa.
Mune ino neoclassical architecture ine senge sumo maratidziro echisikigo muzvivakwa zvinoedza kuita kutevedzera ekare kana medieval mabasa ekuvaka, seaya eChina neIndia. Varaidzo yakatsvaga nzira yekugadzira manzwiro mune yekuona iyo yakaita kuti mafomu anoyevedza ezvivakwa izvi zvivape kubatsirwa kwechiedza chezuva uye kukwanisa kuve munzvimbo yakavhurika.
Horace Walpole (akaberekwa mugore ra1717 uye akafa mugore ra1797) akavaka yaive Strawberry Hill House (1753-1756) kunze kweguta reLondon, kuEngland. Kune munyori chaive chiroto chegothic, saka akataura kuti iyi yaive imwe yekurudziro yake kunyora basa reThe Castle of Otranto. Iine gothic artic style, inodudzwa nemhedzisiro yekufemerwa kweiyo dhizaini yekuvaka.
Sezvakangoita William Chambers (1723-1796) akagadzira zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuvaka neoclassical zvivakwa paKew Gardens muGuta reLondon (1757-1763) nekuunzwa kwechiChinese shrine. Saka zvakaratidza kuti aive nemafungiro ezvivakwa zvekumabvazuva.
Kuberekwa kweNeoclassical architecture
Neoclassical architecture ine chinangwa chekuve mutsivi weicho chiri classical architecture. Dzidziso iyi yakafungwa nemuvaki wekare Vitruvius muchibvumirano chake. Imo maakatsanangura fungidziro yemirairo mitatu yekuti Doric yaive yakanyatsorongeka yechiGiriki, iyo Ionic inotevedzana yenguva yechipiri pakati pemirairo uye pakupedzisira Corinthian, iyo inotsanangurwa sechivako chine chifananidzo chiri muchimiro chechirimwa.
Muneoclassical architecture, Vitruvian irevo kune vagadziri vezvivakwa kutsigira kugadziridza uye kushandiswa kwemifananidzo yekare, iyo yakatanga pakati pezana ramakore rechi 1850 uye yakagara kusvika pakati pemakore ekuma 1760. gore raXNUMX.
Nenzira iyi, mune neoclassical architecture, yakange yakarongedzerwa nevagadziri kuti vatarise kuGreek architecture pane yekuItaly zvivakwa. Sezvo neoclassical architecture yehungwaru yaive nechishuwo chekudzokera kune kuchena kwehunyanzvi hweRoma. Kunyangwe pfungwa yaivepo yaive yehunyanzvi hwechiGiriki seyakanaka uye mudiki pfungwa yaive yekushandisa iyo Renaissance classicism art yakararama muzana ramakore reXNUMX iyo yaive yekutanga kurudziro yeBaroque architecture.
Ndokusaka neoclassical architecture yakafemerwa nemafambiro epasi rose kubva kuRussia kuenda kuNorth America uye akati wandei mafungu akacherechedzwa, ayo chikamu chinonzi Palladianism chinosiyaniswa, chinova chekare chakave nebudiriro yayo kumaruwa eUK.
Izvo zvakasimudzirwa naInigo Jones nemumwe wake Christopher Wren uye zvakashandiswa kune zvivakwa zvakange zviri zvega, kune zvivakwa zvekumaruwa uye izvo zvine compact chimiro uye simba rayo rakabva kuItaly yekare.
Kune zvakare chikamu chinozivikanwa seNeo-Greek ane muvaki mukuru aive muFrench Ange-Jacques Gabriel, akabata chinzvimbo chemugadziri wekutanga wamambo pasi paLouis XV.
Uye pekupedzisira pesvedzero yeneoclassical architecture yaive neoclassical style inova nebudiriro isingaperi muhafu yekutanga yezana ramakore regumi nepfumbamwe iyo yakashandiswa kune zvivakwa zveveruzhinji uye zvepachivande kuMadokero zvese izvi zvakashandiswa pakati pemakore 1770 kusvika pagore kubva 1830.
Vazhinji veava vagadziri vanoomerera kune neoclassical architecture mukutanga kwezana ramakore rechi XNUMX vakapesvedzerwa nemadhirowa nemapurojekiti akaitwa neFrench Étienne-Louis Boullée naClaude Nicolas Ledoux. Mizhinji yeiyi mifananidzo yakagadzirwa mugirafu uye yakaratidza seti yemifananidzo yejometri yaitevedzera kusimba kwechadenga. Iko pfungwa inotsigirwa mune neoclassical architecture apo chimiro chega chega chinofanira kutaurira basa rayo kune anocherechedza
Kutsoropodza Kwakaenzanisirwa
Muneoclassical architecture inogona kuongororwa serimwe rematavi ezvemagariro uye tsika. Maererano neEncyclopedism, yakanga ine simba rokupesvedzera kufunga kwomunhu mumwe nomumwe netsika dzavo. Ndokusaka neoclassical architecture yakagadzirwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvivakwa kuitira kuvandudza hupenyu hwevanhu vaive zvipatara, maraibhurari, mamuseum, theatre, mapaki, nezvimwe.
Nenzira iyi, iyo yakasiyana-siyana yakakosha mafambiro anofarira mukuvakwa kwezvivakwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvine functionalities uye kubvisa zvishongo zvese zvinopihwa hupenyu.
Pakati pevagadziri vakuru vakapa hupenyu kune ese aya mafambiro ekushoropodzwa kwakajekeswa, vakatanhamara vaive Francesco Milizia (1725-1798) naAbbé Marc-Antoine Laugier (1713-1769), vaive nechiratidzo chekuvaka zvivakwa uko zvidimbu zvavo zvese zvaive. rimwe basa uye zvinhu zvekushongedza zvakatsikirirwa, nokudaro zvichipa neoclassical architecture seti yezvivakwa zvine musoro uye zvinoshanda.
Vazhinji vevagadziri veakavhenekerwa kutsoropodza mafambiro akapesvedzerwa nekunzwisisa kwezvivakwa zvaive zvine chekuita nehunhu hwekare uye zvakavakirwa pamhando dzezvivakwa zveGreece, Roma neEgypt izvo zvaive mareferensi edhizaini yekuvaka kubva maonero eNeoclassical architecture.
zvivakwa zvinoyevedza
Pakati pemapoka akawanda anomira kubva kune neoclassical architecture, iyo inoyevedza dhizaini yakazvarwa kubva kune inonzi Chirungu magadheni muzana remakore rechiXNUMX. Aya mapindu akagadzirwa nenzira yakasikwa uye akabatanidzwa nekukosha kwezvisikwa uye zvivakwa.
Mukuwedzera, zvivakwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvinosanganisirwa zvine hunhu hwakasiyana hunogona kuve hwekare, Indian kana Chinese. Panoshandiswa nhevedzano yemafomu anotsvaka kutora mukana wechiedza chechisikigo uye kuburitsa manzwiro akasiyana-siyana muoni.
Muenzaniso wakajeka waive chivakwa cheStrawberry Hill chakagadzirwa muLondon pakati pe1753 ne1756 nemugadziri wezvivakwa Horace Walpole. Chaive chivakwa chegothic, kwaakafemerwa kunyora bhuku regothic. Ipapo mugadziri William Chambers akagadzira seti yemapindu anoyevedza kwazvo muguta reLondon pakati pe1757 na1763. Kwaakaisa zvakawanda zvemapurani echiChinese sezvo aive neruzivo rwakawanda nezvetsika iyi, achichinjika kune neoclassical architecture.
Visionary Architecture
Visionary architecture yanga iri imwe yezvinhu zveneoclassical architecture, muchikamu chino vavaki vanozivikanwa sevanoona, utopian uye vanhu vanochinja, vachikurudzira zvivakwa zvinoenderana neakasiyana maumbirwo ejometri, vachishandisa chivakwa chekare chekare asi nguva dzose vachiremekedza mitemo yekuenzanisa. uye kukosha kwebasa rimwe nerimwe.
Zvivako zvakavakwa nechiratidzo chekuvaka chinotarisa pane neoclassical architecture chaive chikonzero chekubatanidza manhamba ejometri. Vamiririri vezvioni zvekuvaka vaive. Étienne-Louis Boullée naClaude-Nicolas Ledoux vari ivo vaitungamirira mabasa makuru, kunyange zvazvo akawanda acho asina kumboitwa. Purojekiti yakakosha zvikuru mukuvaka kweneoclassical ndiyo yakavakwa naÉtienne-Louis Boullée uye inozivikanwa seCenotaph yaIsaac Newton.
Iri basa rekuvaka rine chimiro chedenderedzwa sezvo chiri chiratidziro chakakodzera chinomira pachigadziko chedenderedzwa panochengeterwa sarcophagus yemusayendisiti Newton. Nepo mumwe mugadziri. Ledoux akange atora chikamu mukuvakwa kwezvivakwa zvakati wandei uye kunyanya akavaka chikamu chikuru cheguta remaindasitiri rinozivikanwa seArc-et-Senans Salt Pans, ine chirongwa chedenderedzwa muFranche-Comté kana Villette complex muParis.
Neo Roman uye Neo Greek Art
Mune neoclassical architecture, vagadziri vakavakirwa pakutsvaga zvinyorwa zvekare kuti vaite mabasa avo ekuvaka, uko maviri masosi akatsigirwa kuvaka kwemabasa uye akashandiswa muFrance neGermany.
MuFrance, kubva kuHumambo hunotungamirwa naNapoleon Bonaparte, zvakaonekwa kuti izvi zvakavakirwa pamuenzaniso wehumambo hweRoma kuvaka mabasa makuru ezvivakwa aive nezvinangwa zvekuparadzira uye kukudza chimiro chaMambo Bonaparte.
Mienzaniso yeNeoclassical architecture yakanangana nehunyanzvi hweRoma ndiyo Tembere yeKubwinya yeGrande Armée, iyo inozivikanwa sekereke yeLa Magdalena, naPierre Alexandre Vignon, yakagadzirwa naNapoleon pachake.
Ndichiri kuGermany neUnited Kingdom, vagadziri vezvivakwa vakaisa mabasa avo pane neoclassical architecture inotarisa pane zvivakwa zvakavakwa nemaGreek munguva dzakapfuura, senge Altes Museum muBerlin, naKarl Friedrich Schinkel, ichi chiri chivakwa chekutanga chakavakwa uye chakashandiswa. semuziyamu.
Neoclassical Architecture muEurope
Iyo neoclassical architecture movement yakaitika mukati meXNUMXth nekutanga XNUMXth century, uye inoratidzwa nekushandiswa kwechiRoman, Greek uye classical architecture, ichipa kushandiswa kune zvese zvikamu zvezvivakwa zvechivako uye kubvisa zvese zvisina kushandiswa uye kushongedzwa kwese kune. building.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dvOvrQgHER8
Ndicho chikonzero nei neoclassical architecture yaizivikanwa nekucherechedza kufambira mberi munharaunda panguva iyoyo uye yakapararira munyika dzakawanda mukondinendi yeEurope, pakati payo nyika dzinotevera dzakabuda pachena:
Neoclassical architecture muFrance: Neoclassical architecture yakabuda muFrance pakati pe1760s ne1830s uye yakakanganisa hunyanzvi, dhizaini, uye magadzirirwo enzanga yeFrance. Kunyangwe iyo inomuka muFrance ine frivolity sezvo mazhinji ezvivakwa aive nezvakawanda zvebaroque uye rococo chishongo. Ndichiri mune neoclassical architecture, yakaratidzwa muFrance nekudzikama kukuru uye akawanda maumbirwo ejometri uye mitsetse yakatwasuka yakavakirwa pazvimiro zvechiGiriki neRoma zvekare.
Pakati pezvakanyanya kumiririra zvivakwa zvakashandiswa paive pediment uye mbiru yakatanga kuvakwa mukutonga kwaLouis XV pakati pa1715 na1774. Uye muumambo hwaLouis XVI hwakava hutongi pakati pe1774 negore 1792. Uye yakaenderera mberi. kuti ishandiswe kusvika pakusvika kweChimurenga cheFrance. Yakazotsiviwa nerudo uye yekuvaka eclecticism.
Chikamu chekutanga cheNeoclassical architecture muFrance chakaratidzwa mufenicha uye mukati medhizaini uye chakazozivikanwa sechimiro chaLouis XV, icho chine kuravira kwechiGiriki. Kusvikira Mambo apinda pachigaro uye aita Louis XVI nemukadzi wake Queen Marie Antoinette vakagadzira akati wandei mashongedzero eHumambo umo maitiro akasiyana eiyo neoclassical architecture akashanduka.
Zvivako zvekutanga zvakaitwa muFrance muchimiro cheneoclassical architecture munguva dzaLouis XV, zvaitungamirwa nevagadziri vezvivakwa Ange-Jacques Gabriel naJacques-Germain Soufflot, uye vaitungamirwa naMarquis de Marigny, akabata chinzvimbo ichi. General Director weMambo Zvivakwa pakati pe1751 ne1773.
Mabasa makuru akavakwa aive Compiegne Palace mugore ra1751, nzvimbo yaizivikanwa saLouis XV yakaguma mugore ra1775, Chikoro cheMasoja chakavakwa pakati pe1751 uye chakaguma mugore ra1756, Aya ese anozivikanwa mabasa seneoclassical architecture.
MuFrance, vagadziri vezvivakwa pamwe chete nemadzimambo vakagovana kuravira kwezvivakwa zvekare. Zvakare nekudzoka kukirasi sezvo zvivakwa zvakawanda muchikamu chezvivakwa, zvechitendero uye zvakavanzika zvaive nemuenzaniso wakanyatsobatanidzwa neoclassical architecture. Mumwe wemienzaniso yakakosha iripo nhasi iChechi yeSaint-Sulpice uye Saint Genevieve. Zvakare nenzvimbo dzeveruzhinji dzakadai seCasa de la Moneda uye Chikoro cheParis chekuvhiya.
Asi kune zvivakwa zvakawanda zvine maitiro akasiyana ayo neoclassical architecture anounza pamwechete, sezvo vakuru veFrance vagadziri vanoita mapurojekiti makuru vaive Ange-Jacques Gabriel (1698-1782), Jacques-Germain Soufflot, Étienne-Louis Boullée naClaude Nicolas Ledoux. (1736-1806).
Vamwe vagadziri vezvivakwa vakuru vanoonekwawo pane rondedzero, vakadai saJacques Denis Antoine, Jean-Benoît-Vincent Barré, François-Joseph Bélanger, Alexandre Brongniart, Jean-François-Thérèse Chalgrin (1739-1811), Charles François-Jeannaudin , Charles DeWailly.
Jacques Gondouin, Jean-Jacques Huvé, Victor Louis, Richard Mique, Pierre-Louis Moreau, Pierre-Adrien Pâris, Marie-Joseph Peyre, Bernard Poyet, Jean-Augustin Renard, Pierre Rousseau, vakapa mazano akawanda makuru nemapurojekiti mukutonga. yaLouis XV.
Apo Chimurenga cheFrance chinoputika nguva inosanozivikanwa iyo inosanganisira pakati pegore ra1789 kusvika mugore ra1799 uye ipapo Humambo hweFrance hunooneka munhau inofukidza kubvira mugore ra1804 kusvikira kugore ra1814, nhano huru inoratidzirwa munhau. neoclassical architecture yeFrance sezvo paive nekunzwa kukuru mukushandiswa kwemazwi ekushongedza muzvivakwa izvo vagadziri venguva iyoyo vakafemerwa neAntiquity mukutonga kwaLouis XVI.
Kusanganisira zvimwe zvishongo zvakazozivikanwa sePompeian kana Etruscan. Paivewo nekuravira muFrance panguva yeChimurenga cheFrance icho chainzi ephemeral architecture sezvo yaive nekuvapo kukuru mumapato akasiyana, mhemberero sezvo vagadziri vezvivakwa vakazvipira kune kushongedzwa kwekamuri raiitirwa mashoo.
Pamusoro pezvo, zviyeuchidzo zvekurangarira zvakavakwa, zvakaita semaobelisks nemakoramu, basa rave rakakosha zvikuru iobelisk yakatsaurirwa mauto echimurenga uye akati wandei matsime eruzhinji ane touches of neoclassical architecture.
Emperor Napoleon I had a great dream yekuvaka Paris as the New Rome uye akaraira kuvakwa kwenhamba huru yezvivakwa zvichibva pane neoclassical architecture yekuyeuchidza nzanga nezve Humambo hukuru hweRoma.
Izvi zvakave nekutora chikamu kwevagadziri vezvivakwa vakadai saCharles Percier naPierre-François-Léonard Fontaine, vakagadzira mabasa anozoratidza chiitiko chakakosha munhoroondo yenyika serue de Rivoli, iyo Vendôme column, Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel, iyo Arc. de Triomphe paNzvimbo de l'Étoile.
Zvino mugore ra1800 muFrance mabasa akati wandei akavakwa akavakirwa pazvivako zveGreece yekare sezvo zvakanga zvaitwa kupfurikidza nokushandisa unyanzvi hwokunyora nokutemera. Izvi zvakapa nzira yekupa simba idzva kune neoclassical architecture iyo yakazozivikanwa seGreek Revival kana Greek Revival.
Nenzira iyi, neoclassical architecture yakaramba ichibereka zvibereko muunyanzvi hwezvidzidzo kwenguva yakawanda yezana remakore rechiXNUMX. Kunyangwe iyo antithesis yeneoclassical architecture yaive yerudo kana kunziwo rumutsiridzo rweGothic rwakaita mukurumbira mukati memakore ekupedzisira ezana ramakore reXNUMX.
Kuve iri sangano rehunyanzvi rinotariswa nenyanzvi dzakawanda sehunyanzvi hwemazuva ano uye hwekuita hwaigara mumaguta akati wandei edzimwe nyika dzeEurope dzakadai seSaint Petersburg, Athens, Berlin neMunich. Aya maguta akava echokwadi mamuseum eiyo neoclassical architecture. Ndichiri muguta reParis rumutsiriro rweGreek haruna kumbova nemufaro mukuru.
Asi zvakatanga zvakanaka ndizvo izvo vazhinji vaiziva se crypt yaCharles De Wailly muchechi yeSaint Leu-St Gilles (1773-1780), uye Barrière des Bonshommes (1785-1789), naClaude Nicolas Ledoux.
Kuti hwaive humbowo hukuru hwekuvakisa kwechiGreek uko maFrench haana kukupa kukosha kukuru nekuda kwesimba rakasimba iro Marc-Antoine Laugier aive naro padzidziso dzake dzakaedza kutsanangura misimboti yezvivakwa zvechiGiriki zvakaitwa muFrance.
Sezvo pakanga paine kuravira kwakawanda uye kurudziro munzanga yeFrance kune neoclassical architecture uko nhoroondo, eclecticism uye architectural rationalism zvaionekwa senzvimbo dzakasimba dzeneoclassical architecture yakagadziridzwa muFrance panguva iyoyo.
Neoclassical Architecture muGermany: Muhafu yechipiri yezana ramakore regumi nesere neoclassical architecture inoonekwa muGermany zvichibva pane zvechinyakare zvivakwa zvekare. Asi sekuita kunopesana neiyo baroque uye rococo art yaive yaitwa kwemakore apfuura.
Kutanga kweneoclassical architecture muGermany kune kutanga kwayo mugore ra1769 apo iye panguva iyoyo muchinda Leopold III akaraira mugadziri Friedrich Franz von Anhalt-Dessau kuti agadzire paki yeWörlitz, asi kuti ave nechimiro chakada kufanana. Nhasi iyo Wörlitz Park chikamu cheUNESCO World Heritage.
Nenzira imwecheteyo, kuvakwa kweWörlitz Castle kunotanga muGermany, nechinangwa chekumiririra imba yehumambo yeGermany. Iri basa rakapihwa kuna Friedrich Wilhelm von Erdmannsdorff, uyo akatanga basa rake nekuputsa imba yekuvhima yebaroque uye akafemerwa nezvivakwa zvakasiyana zvechirungu zvenguva iyoyo. Iyo zvakare yakavakirwa pane dhizaini yeAndrea Palladio. Ichi chivakwa chakapedzwa mugore ra1773.
Iro basa rakatariswa nenyanzvi dzakawanda sechivako chekutanga cheneoclassical architecture muGermany zvichibva pazvivakwa zveAndrea Palladio. Chimwe chezvivakwa zvakakura uye kuve basa rakakosha rekuvakwa neoclassical yaive Wilhelmshöhe Palace yakavakwa pakati pe1786 na1798.
Muguta reKassel uye rakagadzirwa nevagadziri Simon Louis du Ry naHeinrich Christoph Jussow weLandgrave William I weHesse-Kassel. Paki yebasa iri inoumbwa nemagadheni ebaroque akavakwa mugore ra1763.
Asi basa rakaunza simba rakawanda kune neoclassical architecture muGermany ndiro rakavakwa pakati pe1789 uye rakapera mugore ra1789 rinozivikanwa seBrandenburg Gate, rakagadzirwa muBerlin nemugadziri Carl Gotthard Langhans uye nyanzvi dzakawanda kubva muunyanzvi. akachidana chakakomba Doric monument kuGerman neoclassical architecture.
Kuve iri basa rekutanga rerudzi rwayo zvichibva pane seti yekuvakazve muhafu yechipiri yezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, ine hunhu hwePropylaea yeAthens sezvo iri yeGreek modhi inotora vhezheni yeRoman Doric asi yakareruka kupfuura. yepakutanga.
Iro basa rainzi Brandenburg Gedhi rakapa simba rakawanda munharaunda yeGerman kuti chirongwa chakaitwa neMurungu William Wilkins, mugore ra1806, chaive mukova weDowning College muCambridge, zvakafanana nebasa reiyo neoclassical architecture yegedhi. muBrandenburg.
Saizvozvo Thomas Harrison, akaita chirongwa cheChester castle, icho chaive nechikwere basa rinozivikanwa seMunich Glyptotheque uye Staatliche Antikensammlungen. Rimwe basa rakaitwa pakati pezana remakore rechiXNUMX rine chokuita neoclassical architecture zvidzidzo zvaFriedrich Gilly, uyo akararama zvishoma uye asina kuwana mukana wekushanyira Italy uye akagadzira National Theatre muBerlin uye chivako. yakanangana naFrederick Mukuru.
Kunyangwe iyo National Theatre yeBerlin ibasa rine zvakawanda zvinongedzo neGreek neRoman architecture. Sezvo zviri zvemazuva ano nemapurojekiti akaitwa neFrenchman Ledoux. Mugadziri wechidiki Friedrich Gilly, munhandare yenyika akasarudza kubvisa chikamu chikuru chezvishongedzo uye kusimbisa mavhoriyamu kutsanangura mafomu angave ane mabasa chaiwo mukuvaka.
Ndosaka mugadziri wezvivakwa aizivisa nzira nyowani dzeNeoclassical architecture asi nzanga yeGerman haina kugadzirira zviitiko zvakadaro sezvo varidzi vaive vanhu vane hupfumi hwakawanda asi mutsika dzevarombo vaive vasina kuvhurika kune idzi nzira itsva dzemugadziri wechidiki akazofa akatakura vazhinji. zvepfungwa dzake naye.
Mudzidzi wemugadziri wechidiki anozivikanwa saKarl Friedrich Schinkel uyo, mushure mekuita mabasa ane Gothic maitiro, akaswedera neoclassical architecture, achisimbisa neo-Greek modhi, uye manyorerwo ake aive nemukurumbira mukuru muGermany. Sezvo basa rake rekuvaka rakabatanidza akawanda gothic, anoyevedza, emhando yepamusoro zvinhu zvakasanganiswa mune neoclassical architecture.
Kunyangwe mugadziri Karl Friedrich Schinkel, aive padyo neFrance neEngland nekuda kwekududzirwa kwemabasa ake uye neoclassical architecture. Kududzira kwake mabasa akasiyana-siyana kuchava pamberi asi mumakore 1910 kusvikira mugore ra 1940. Uko manyorero ake anoziviswa seanobva kunyika dziri kure dzakadai seFinland.
Mamwe mabasa ayo mugadziri anosimbisa ndeye charlottenhof palace yakavakwa mugore re1826, iyo Museum Altas uye Berliner Schauspielhaus yakavakwa muguta reBerlin mugore re1830. Mugadziri aigara achibatanidza portico theme nemhando dzeGreece yekare.
Mumabasa ake akasiyana aive nemhedzisiro yakanaka, semuenzaniso muBerlin theatre airatidza mafomu akasiyana uye mashandiro etiyeta achipa chivako mavhoriyamu akasiyana uye akasimba matatu-dimensionality nokudaro achipa hunhu hutsva kune neoclassical architecture.
Mumwe muvaki wezita ainzi Leo von Klenze (1784-1864), uye anozivikanwa kuva mukwikwidzi akasimba wemaitiro akashandiswa naSchinkel, mugadziri uyu akatanga basa rake rakatanhamara neBayerischer Hof. Asi mukurumbira wake wakawedzera kucherechedzwa paakaita basa rinozivikanwa reKönigsplatz muMunich muna 1816, iro raive nemhando dzakaoma dzeNeo-Greek.
Imwe purojekiti yakaitwa nemugadziri ndeyeDanube pakati pegore 1830 uye gore 1842. Mubasa iri, rinomira pachena kuti mweya yose yevarwi vakawa muhondo yakaunganidzwa sei uye inozivikanwa setemberi yeperipteral muDoric style, basa iri rakanyanya kufanana nebasa rakambotaurwa pamusoro paFrederick Mukuru nemugadziri wezvivakwa akafa achiri mudiki. Vagadziri ava ndevamwe vevanonyanya kuzivikanwa hunhu hwezvivakwa zvavo zvakanangana neoclassical architecture.
Neoclassical Architecture muBritain: MuEngland pakutanga kwezana remakore rechiXNUMX, chivakwa chaAndrea Palladio chinozivikanwa, nekuda kwekupararira kwaInigo Jones uyo akapa mabasa ake akasiyana-siyana ekugadzira. Kubva panguva iyoyo zvichienda mberi, zvivakwa zvePalladian zvakave nesimba guru kuGreat Britain.
Sezvo yaitonga chivakwa cheChirungu, ichiva chivakwa chehunyanzvi, kudzamara mugadziri Robert Adam (1728-1792), atanga kushanda neoclassical architecture pamwe chete neGothic style mushanduro inozivikanwa seclassist.
Mukutanga kwezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, dzimba dzinoverengeka dzakaratidzirwa nechimiro cheItaly dzakatanga kuvakwa, dzakaita seHolkham Hall neChiswick House, dzakagadzirwa nevagadziri vezvivakwa William Kent naLord Burlington. Kubva pakushanda pamwe chete kweava mavara maviri kwakauya imba inozivikanwa yeHolkham Hall yekupinda, iyo yakatsanangurwa se "imwe yeakanakisa mukati mezana ramakore reXNUMX".
Asi yaive purojekiti isina kuitika nemugadziri Andrea Palladio, uye apse yakawedzerwa iyo yakashandiswa mumakereke eVenetian, zvakare chirongwa chemugadziri mumwe chete. Pakati pezvinyorwa zvezvivharo, ivo vakafemerwa neakasiyana ezvekuchera matongo rekuvaka ayo akaburitswa mumavhoriyamu "Edificados antiques de Rome desde 1682", poindi yekupedzisira yeiyi basa rezvivakwa yaive yekare yakafuridzira kamuri ine inoshamisa Baroque kubata. .
Nzvimbo yekutanga inotsanangurwa seneoclassical architecture muGreat Britain iri mukamuri iro mugadziri wezvokuchera matongo uye mugadziri James Stuart (1713-1788), aizivikanwa seAtenean, yakavakwa muguta reLondon kuSpencer House mugore ra1758. Kunyange zvazvo muchengeti wezvokuchera matongo asina kuvaka mabasa akawanda ezvivakwa muhupenyu hwake, anozivikanwa zvakanyanya nekupa kuravira kwemhando dzeGreek mune neoclassical architecture inoitwa muGreat Britain.
Muenzaniso wakajeka webasa rake mune neoclassical architecture ndiyo Hagley Hall park, ine Doric neo-Greek maitiro akapararira muEurope yose. Ikoko chiyeuchidzo choragic cheLisícrates chiri muAthens chakakopwa uye chakagadzirwa muguta reStaffordshire.
Kunyange hurongwa hwemadhorobha hwaiitwa hwaive neshanduko dzakakura dzine rusaruro rwekirasi rwakasimudzirwa muguta reBath, izvi zvakaitika muhafu yekutanga yezana ramakore rechi XNUMX. Mugadziri wezvivakwa anozivikanwa saJohn Wood the Elder, akaita nhevedzano yemirairo yakavakirwa pamhando dzekare dzaizivikanwa seRoman Forums.
Iri basa rakapedzwa nemwanakomana wake mudiki John Wood, pamwe nekuwedzera kweCrescent iyo yaive nemuviri wakakomberedzwa iyo chikuru chimiro chaive kurongeka kwemakoramu makuru anoenderera. Shanduko dzakaitika muguta reBath dzinopesvedzera nyika dzinoverengeka, kunyanya muUnited States, kubva mugore ra1740 nekushandiswa kwePittoresque, zvivakwa zvichaparadzira chido chikuru chematongo.
Kune avo vazhinji vevagadziri vakatanga kugadzira mapurojekiti ezvivakwa zvakasiyana zvakasiiwa uye mukuderera. Nemhaka yokuti vakaparadzwa kuva matongo nokufamba kwenguva. Yekutanga Chirungu purojekiti yakavakirwa neoclassical architecture inoiswa mune iyi kufamba, inova mausoleum yeMuchinda weWales mugore ra1751.
Inotungamirirwa naScotsman William Chambers; Iri basa, riri kuitwa pasi pemaitiro e-neoclassical architecture, purojekiti ichanyungudika mune yerudo fungidziro yemausoleum iyo ichaunzwa muchimiro chaichave nayo payaive matongo.
Iyo tekiniki inozivikanwa seyakanaka inotangira nehunyanzvi hwegadheni kwete neoclassical architecture yakadaro. Sezvo paki yeChirungu ichibva kuItaly Renaissance modhi magadheni ayo akagadzirwa naAlexander Pope uye mugadziri William Kent.
Bindu rekutanga raive nekuravira kwechirungu rakagadzirwa naAlexander Pope achida kuwana Twickenham, izvi zvakatanga dhizaini nekuvakwa kwayo mugore ra1719 uye yaive nenzvimbo hombe yesango, grotto uye temberi diki kwazvo yaive semi-dome iyo. yakaita sedeko.
Ipapo mugadziri William Kent munharaunda inozivikanwa yeElysian akagadzira temberi ine chirongwa chedenderedzwa chakafanana neAncient Virtue mugore ra 1734. Pano mugadziri wacho akafuridzirwa nemabasa akasiyana-siyana uye zvirongwa izvo Palladio akanga ashandisa kuTemberi yeVesta mu. Tivoli . Zvadaro mugadziri mumwe chete Kent anogadzira bindu rinozivikanwa reRousham, muguta reOxfordshire, rakafanana zvikuru nebasa rake rekare asi panguva imwe chete kushandiswa kwezvinhu kwakasiyana.
Kuita kuenzanisa pakati pebasa rakatarisana nebindu reKent rakaitwa pakati pemakore ekuma1740 nema1760 paStourhead muWiltshire. Mapaki ane musanganiswa wekuchera matongo, zvivakwa, gadheni, nhetembo, esotericism uye topography.
Kunyange zvazvo akagadzirwa chinhambwe chipfupi kubva kuSalisbury neGlastonbury, mumupata wedhamu unozivikanwa zvikuru une zvinomera zvikuru. Nzvimbo tsvene dzakati wandei dzakavambwa dzaive neoclassical architecture, dzakadai seClaudius naVirgil pantheon, iyo yakapedzwa muna 1754. Mukati meiyi pantheon, yakanga yakashongedzwa nemifananidzo yaFlora, Livia Augusta naHercules.
Kune akawanda mabasa akaitwa naRobert Adam kubva paakaita mubatanidzwa pakati pechirungu tsika uye kuravira kweEuropean kondinendi, iyo yaakashanyira nyika dzinoverengeka, pakati peiyo France neItaly dzakamira, uye aive shamwari nevanhu vanofarira panguva iyoyo. sezvakanga zvakaita Piranesi, mumabhuku anozivikanwa seThe Works in Architecture aRobert naJames Adam. Chimiro chakashandiswa mumabhuku akasiyana-siyana chaive chehunyanzvi hwechinyakare uye hunyanzvi hwePalladian hunopera neoclassical architecture.
Mazhinji emabhuku aRobert naJames aive neakawanda mareferensi echiGreek neRoman architecture inova hwaro pairi neoclassical architecture. Zvakare nezvimwe zvakawanda zvezvivakwa zveRoma neGreek. Sezvinoonekwa mune antechamber yeSyon House, apo Adams pachake anoita seti yekushongedza yakatorwa kubva kuErechtheion.
Apo zana remakore rechigumi nesere rakanga rava kupera, pane chiitiko chaJoseph Bonomi Mukuru, James Wyatt naHenry Holland. Munhu wekutanga akaberekerwa muItaly asi mugore ra1767 akasvika kuEngland.Pakati pemabasa ake akanyanya kukosha, ndangariro dzekuchera matongo uye nechechi yePackington Park inomira pachena, iyo inofananidzira zvikuru neoclassical architecture yakashandiswa naLedoux kuFrance uye Gilly mu. Germany, asi pachiRungu akasiyana.
Sezvo iine mafomu akaomesesa, kunze kwakagadzirwa nevhu rakachena uye kunorerutswa nemahwindo makuru ane bevel rine semicircular finish. Iyo yemukati yechechi iyi yakafanana chaizvo netemberi yeNeptune muPaestum, iyo ine maDoric columns anotsigira vault.
Nepo James Wyatt aizivikanwa semukwikwidzi waAdam, aive nemukurumbira mukuru muOxford Street Pantheon iyo yakavakwa muna 1770. Yakaparadzwa zvino uye chaive chivakwa chihombe chaishandiswa kutandara kwekereke.. cheHagia Sophia muIstanbul. Akatorawo chikamu mumapurojekiti akati wandei uye anoyeukwa nekuda kwezvipo zvake mumunda weGothic architecture uye mukudzoreredza macathedrals makuru echiRungu.
Nekudaro, akazvitsaurirawo pakugadzira nekuvaka dzinoverengeka dzimba dzenyika dzakanangana nemhando yekuvaka. Sezvakanga zvakaita Dodington, muGloucestershire kwaunogona kuona zvakawanda zvakawanda zvezvivakwa zvechiGiriki.
Muhukama hwepedyo huripo pakati paWyatt naAdam, ndiHenry Holland uyo mubasa rake rekutanga aive Brooks Club muLondon mugore ra 1776. Kwaakagadzira maPalladian facades ane mhepo yakagadzikana uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvekushongedza. Mushure mekupedza basa iroro, akatanga kushanda paimba huru muguta reHerefordshire, kwaakaita shanduko dzakati wandei uko vane hunhu hwemavakirwo eFrance sezvo vaive vekutanga kupa zvekushongedza kufenicha.
Kusvika pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechi 1753, shanduko dzinocherechedzwa dzaive dzichiitika mune neoclassical architecture, kunyangwe mienzaniso yakatanhamara ndeyeBritish Museum iri muguta reLondon, St George's Hall muguta reLiverpool uye mabasa akaitwa naJohn Soane ( 1837- XNUMX).
Saka zvinogona kucherechedzwa kuti British Museum ibasa guru rakavakwa mugore ra1820 uye rinotsigirwa neshongwe yeIonic column. Pamusoro pezvo, mugadziri wezvivakwa anotora akawanda echinyakare madingindira uye mukati mayo anotarisa hombe dome yakagadzirwa nesimbi yakakandwa iri pamusoro peimba yekuverengera.
Nepo horo yeSt. George muguta reLiverpool yaive nechivakwa chikuru icho chaiitirwa nzanga yakabudirira yeguta. Naizvozvo, iyo civil basilica yakagadzirwa iine makamuri akati wandei ayo akabatanidzwa pamwechete neseti yemafacade ane chivakwa.
Ichi chivako chakagadzirwa nemugadziri wezvivakwa Harvey Lonsdale Elmes, asi haana kukwanisa kuchipedzisa kubva paakafa uye basa rakapedzwa nemugadziri Charles Robert Cockerell, uyo akapa mavhoriyamu akawanda kumakamuri akasiyana, pakati peiyo horo yekonzati inomira. iyo ine yakakura yemhando yekushongedza iyo inoratidza kudzikama kwekunze.
Nepo nyanzvi dzakawanda dzakaratidza kuti mumiriri mukuru weiyo neoclassical architecture muGreat Britain ndiJohn Soane, mushanduri wechiRungu akafurirwa naGeorge Dance (1741-1825) uye nemugadziri weLedoux, uyu hunhu hwechiRungu aive nemukurumbira mukuru. kupera kwezana remakore rechiXNUMX, nokuda kwebasa raakaita pakuvaka Bank of England, iyo iri muguta reLondon.
Ichi chivakwa chinoratidzwa nekuve nedzimba dzakadzikiswa dzakati wandei uye chine nyore muchimiro chayo chose. Pakati pemabasa akatanhamara akaitwa nemugadziri ane mukurumbira, iyo Soane Museum inomira pachena, yaasina kukwanisa kuita yakazara, nekuti yakashandisa kureruka kwakawanda uye yakashandisa arches mahombe pamafacade, ayo akafanana neshanduko yekuvaka yakatakurwa naLedoux. kunze.
Ipo mukati meMusimusi makanga makatsvikinyidzana uye muchinyatso claustrophobic, yakabvisa zvese neoclassical architecture yaivepo uye nzira inoyevedza yaive yekuti yakaisa magirazi mazhinji, pane anopfuura makumi mapfumbamwe ayo, uye izvi zvinoita kuti makamuri ataridzike akakura, kunyangwe iwo mwenje uri. yakakwana nekuti inobva kumusoro uye maberere anomira kunze kwemadziro.
Shanduko dzemumadhorobha dzakanyanya kunaka panguva yekuvaka neoclassical dzaive dzemudhorobha, uko migwagwa yeRegent's Park neRegent Street muLondon inomira pachena, iyo yakagadzirwa nemugadziri John Nash. Izvo zvakanyanya kupesvedzerwa nezvakaitwa muguta reBath uko rudzi rwejira remudhorobha rakagadzirwa pakati pemigwagwa yese nemigwagwa mikuru.
Zvaida kutsanangurirwa nemugadziri aive machinjiro uye mativi eguta sezvo aienderana nedzidziso yaishandiswa pane neoclassical architecture. Asi pakushanya kweguta, zvakaratidza kusamira kwakaonekwa zvakanyanya muguta reParis. Iko kuravira kwerudo kwakasanganiswa neoclassical architecture.
Asi maartist akatanga kufadzwa nemavakirwo echiGothic uye vaizvibatanidza netsika dzechitendero uye dzenjere dzemazuva iwayo uye muOxford, Cambridge neLondon shanduko itsva mune neoclassical architecture pakati pezana ramakore rechigumi nemapfumbamwe. Asi muScotland mwaka wakabudirira apo vagadziri vezvivakwa vakatanga kugadzira neoclassical architecture mumuenzaniso wakajeka weiyi yaive Picton Reading Room yakagadzirwa muguta reLiverpool mugore ra1875.
Saizvozvo, mabasa akati wandei akaitwa muchechi iyo Alexander Thomson akavaka muguta reGlasgow pasi pesimba reNeoclassical architecture, kunyangwe zvichinzi anofurirwa neruzivo rwaSchinkel naCockerell.
Neoclassical architecture muItaly: Neoclassical architecture muItari ine mavambo ayo muzana ramakore rechi XNUMX mumatunhu madiki ayo aitongwa nemasimba ekunze ayo akatangira pasi pehumambo hwakabatana hwaVittorio Emmanuel II.
Nechikonzero ichi, neoclassical architecture haina kuzviratidza nenzira imwechete munharaunda yese yeItaly, sezvo pakanga pasina tsika yakabatana uye pakanga paine hurombo hukuru hwaityisidzira peninsula yese, ndosaka pakanga pasina hunhu hwakanaka hweavant- garde architectural production.
Kunyangwe panguva iyoyo imwe nguva inoshamisa yaive ichizviratidza neBaroque art muRoma. Zvivako zvinoverengeka zvakatanga kuvakwa, sePazza di Spagna, iyo Fontana di Trevi uye Piazza Sant'Ignazio. Nepo vazhinji vaimbi vakaita saFilippo Juvarra (1678-1736) naBernardo Antonio Vittone (1704-1770) vakashanda. Vakanga vakazvipira kushanda muPiedmont.
Sezvo vaimbi Ferdinando Fuga (1699-1782) naLuigi Vanvitelli vakazvipira kuita mabasa avo muguta reNaples. Kunyanya muumambo Albergo dei Poveri uye muimba yamambo. Kunyangwe imba iyi yairatidza zviratidzo zveneoclassical architecture, inoonekwa seyekupedzisira baroque basa renguva iyoyo.
Ndokusaka zvivakwa muItaly yaive nguva inononoka uye yakaoma kwazvo nekuda kwemamiriro ezvinhu munyika uye yakashandisa ruzivo rwakabva kunze kwenyika nevagadziri vekunze, kunyanya maFrench.
Pesvedzero yeFrance yakaitika muItaly yakanga iri pachena kwazvo zvokuti facade yeimba yemitambo yeSan Carlos muguta reNaples yakagadzirwa nenyanzvi yokuFrance. Asi kupera kwezana ramakore regumi nesere uye kutanga kwezana ramakore rechigumi nemapfumbamwe, munyika yose kubva kudzimba dzeumambo, villas nemakereke. Pamwe chete nezvivakwa uye magadheni kusvika asvika mukati mezvivakwa zvakafanana izvi, zvaive zvichibva pakudzokorora mamodheru akagadzirwa muRoma yekare.
Kunyangwe vaive nehumwe hunhu hwekuvaka kwechiGiriki. Asi zvizhinji zvezvivakwa zvakavakwa zvakafuridzirwa nePantheon of Agripa. Zvakare nekereke yeGran Madre di Dio muguta reTurin kana yakakurumbira Basilica yeSan Francisco de Paula (1816-1846). Yakanga iri imwe yemakereke akakosha panguva iyoyo.
Ese mabasa aya akafemerwa ne "La Rotonda" iro basa iro risingafi Andrea Palladio, semugadziri mukuru uye muzivi weNeoclassical architecture. Uye izvi zvose zvakaitika maguta akarasika eHerculaneum nePompeii asati awanikwa. Kuvakwa kwezvivako kwaiva kufemerwa kwevagadziri mumatongo ekuchera matongo uye zvivako zvekare.
Ndicho chikonzero nei neoclassical architecture yakabatanidzwa pamwe chete neo-Greek musiyano, yakagadzira nhamba huru yemabasa akanyanya kunaka munyika. Sezvaizivikanwa zvikuru Pedrochip café muna 1816. Uyewo Padua (naGiuseppe Jappelli), Canoviano Temple (1819-1830) muPossagno. Iyo Carlo theatre iri muGenoa, iyo yakavakwazve muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX. The cisternone muguta reLivorno. Zvese zvimiro izvi zvine hunhu hwakajeka hweneoclassical architecture.
Izvo zvinodikanwa zvakare kutaura nezvese kupindira kwakaitwa muVerdi theatre uye chechi yeSan Antonio muguta reMilan uye Arco della Pace di Luigi Cagnola, pamwe nekereke yeSan Carlo muCorso iri munzvimbo. kubva kuPalermo. Mune zvese izvi zvimiro, maitiro eiyo neoclassical architecture anocherechedzwa, asi zvishoma kunonoka, achiri mumabasa akagadzirwa naAlessandro Antonelli, akadai seBasilica yeSan Gaudencio muguta reNovara, ine .
Hunhu hweiyo neoclassical kufamba
Kunyangwe nyika yakapinda mudambudziko rakasimba kwazvo, hapana zvidzidzo zvakaitwa paItari neoclassical architecture, iyo yakaganhura nguva yakareba kusvika pakuongorora kwakadzama. Kunyange zvazvo zvidzidzo zvakaitwa nekufamba kwenguva zvakaunza pamberi pezvinhu zvakawanda zvakadai sezvakasiyana uye zvakasiyana-siyana pane zvakakosha zvikuru zvekugadzirwa kweItaly mumabasa akasiyana ezvivakwa munharaunda imwe neimwe nenzvimbo.
Neoclassical Architecture muSpain: Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti muSpain, art yeBaroque yaive sangano rehunyanzvi raive rakanyanya pakati pezana ramakore rechi XNUMX nekutanga kwezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, sezvo raivepo mumasangano aro ese kubva munhevedzano yezviyeuchidzo zvechitendero uye mudzimba dzeumambo dzakasiyana. Nyika yeSpain.
Nenzira imwechete ivo vakanyanya muzvikoro nemudzimba. Kunyangwe mutsauko uripo pakati peChurrigueresque architecture uye neoclassical architecture iyo yakadzidzwa nevagadziri mune imwe academy yaive yakaoma sezvo vaive maviri ehunyanzvi zviitiko munyika dzakapokana.
Zvino muhafu yechipiri yezana ramakore regumi nemasere, neoclassical architecture yakatemerwa neAcademy of Fine Arts mutaundi reSan Fernando riri muguta reMadrid.
Ikoko vakatanga kugadzira mapurogiramu makuru ekugadzirisa nzvimbo yeguta reguta. Basa guru raitungamirira mugadziri uye mugadziri wezvivako Juan de Villanueva uye rakanga riri pedyo neSalón del Prado nenzvimbo dzakapoteredza, iyo yaiva neRoyal Astronomical Observatory, yekare San Carlos Hospital, Botanical Garden, uye ikozvino Prado Museum.
Architecture mune dzimwe nyika dzeEurope: Kushambadzira kwakaitika maererano neoclassical architecture yaive mukondinendi yese yeEurope, kunyangwe pakanga paine akati wandei akadai seSpain ayo asina kupa zvakawanda mukusimudzira neoclassical architecture.
Semuyenzaniso, muVienna maive nekupesvedzera kukuru pazvivakwa zveneoclassical zvaiitika mumakumi emakore ekutanga ezana ramakore regumi nemasere, muenzaniso wakakosha ndeweKarlskirche naJohann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach, iri nyanzvi yekuvaka neoclassical architecture, chivakwa chakavakwa. nemhando yehexastyle portico, iyo inotsigirwa nembiru mbiri dzinozivikanwa semacolloid dzakanyanya kufanana neTrajan columns dzakashandiswa kekutanga muRoma.
Nepo neoclassical architecture yakazviita kuti inzwe zvakanyanya muzana ramakore reXNUMX nemabasa ekuvaka Thisustempel neBurgtor, aya mabasa eunyanzvi ane neo-Greek hunhu nemugadziri Pietro Nobile.
MuPoland, pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, neoclassical architecture yakatanga kupararira, ichibva kune akawanda mapurojekiti echimurenga akaitwa nemugadziri akaberekerwa muFrance Ledoux.
Chimwe chezvivakwa zvakanakisa zvakaitwa mukutanga kwezana ramakore rechi XNUMX mune neoclassical architecture inogona kuwanikwa pafacade yeVilnius Cathedral iyo yava kunzi Lithuania. Sezvo panguva iyoyo yakabatanidzwa kuPoland neiyo inozivikanwa kwazvo yePolish-Lithuanian Confederation.
Muzana ramakore reXNUMXth, mugadziri Antonio Codazzi ndiye protagonist wekuvakwa kwemizinda yakawanda muWarsaw. Nepo makurukota akapa rimwe basa pane neoclassical architecture kumugadziri Friedrich Schinkel munzvimbo dzake dzakasiyana dzekugara.
MuPrague, neoclassical architecture yaive kumashure zvakanyanya kana ichienzaniswa nenyika zhinji dziri mukondinendi yeEurope. Ndichiri muHungary pakanga patove nekuzorora nekuvaka kwebaroque uye kuvhurwa kwaiitika maererano neoclassical architecture.
Ndipo pavanovaka Cathedral yeVac iyo ine portico hombe ine korona. Asi pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, chimiro chikuru chemabasa ekuvaka chakashatisa uye chakazoguma nemagadzirirwo eEsztergom Cathedral, inoumbwa nechirimwa nedome repakati. Zvakare neHungarian National Museum muBudapest ine zvakawanda zveNeo-Greek maficha. (Iri basa rekupedzisira rakagadzirwa naMihály Pollack).
Ndosaka zvichidikanwa kuratidza kuti neoclassical architecture yakagadziridzwa muGreece muhafu yekutanga yezana ramakore reXNUMX apo kuvaka kwakatanga kugadziridza guta reAthens. Panguva iyoyo chikwata chikuru chevanyori, vagadziri vezvivakwa uye mainjiniya kubva kunzvimbo dzese dzeEuropean kondinendi vakapinda muboka iro, avo vakanyanya kusimuka vaive maFrench, maDanes nemaGerman.
Mabasa akanyanya kukosha ayo achamira pachena ndeye inozivikanwa inotenderera yeZappeion, iyo yakatanga kuvakwa muna 1874 maererano nezvirongwa zvaive zvaTheophil Hansen.
Architecture muAmerican Continent
Muumambo hweAmerica hwaitungamirwa neSpain nePortugal, neoclassical architecture yakatanga kupararira kuburikidza nemapurojekiti akasiyana aiitwa mukondinendi yese yeEurope, kungave nevagadziri veCreole mavambo kana nevekunze vakaumbwa. maguta akakosha.
Kune mienzaniso mizhinji yekuti neoclassical architecture yakapararira sei, sezvo kwenguva yakareba yaigadzira syncretism yezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvekolonial baroque. Muenzaniso wakatanhamara wakanga uri Cathedral inozivikanwa seTulancingo mugore ra1788 muMexico City.
Mamwe maitiro ari eNeoclassical architecture anowanikwa muChile chaizvo muPalacio de la Moneda, basa rakatanga kuvakwa mugore ra1748 uye rakapedzwa mugore ra1800. Saka, Metropolitan Cathedral yeSantiago yakavakwa mugore ra1784. kusvika mugore ra 1805. Mabasa ese ari maviri ane hunhu hwekuvakwa kweItaly uye akagadzirwa nemugadziri weItaly Joaquín Toesca.
MuMexico, Imba yeMigodhi yakavakwa pakati pe1797 uye yakaguma mugore ra1813 iine hunhu hwakawanda hweItaly pamwe neHospice yemakamuri ayo ari muguta reGuadalajara. Inoshanda nemugadziri mumwechete Manuel Tolsá.
Nesimba rave richiitika muAmerica yose muEcuador, mugadziri wezvivakwa Antonio García akatanga kuvaka Imba yeHurumende yeQuito, iyo yakatanga mugore ra1790 uye basa rakapedzwa mugore ra1801. Mushure mekunge nyika zhinji dzawana rusununguko kubva Spain inotanga kuita mapurojekiti makuru kune maRepublic avo matsva.
Nokudaro, muguta reBogotá, kuvakwa kweNational Capitol yeColombia kunotanga, basa rakaitwa neGermany Thomas Reed, uyo akadzidzira uye akapedza kudzidza kuBerlin Academy. MuBrazil, ndiyo nyika yekutanga inowana chigaro chedare rehumambo hwePortugal.
Mushure mekuwana rusununguko kubva kuPortugal, yakatanga kunzi Humambo hweBrazil kwawakatanga kugadzira zvimiro zvakasiyana uchishandisa neoclassical architecture kuitira kuti uwane simba rezvematongerwo enyika nekuhaya vagadziri vezvivakwa vakadzidziswa mune dzakasiyana Paris Academies.
An Academy of Fine Arts yakavambwawo muguta reRio de Janeiro mugore ra1822, nenzira imwecheteyo Imperial Palace yePetrópolis yakavakwa. Mugore ra1840.
MuArgentina ndiyo imwe yenyika dzinoda kuputsa neiyo yekare yekoloni, saka vanotanga kurongazve nyika mushure mekunge rusununguko rwawanikwa mugore ra1810, vezvematongerwo enyika venguva iyoyo vakatanga kugadzirisa simba reHurumende pamusoro pebudiriro yeArgentina. .kukurudzira kuzvipira neruremekedzo asi kusanganisira neoclassical architecture yekuvaka zvivakwa zvine French style zvichiripo nanhasi.
Tichiongorora tsika dzenyika zhinji dzeAmerica, zvinoonekwa kuti zhinji dzenyika idzi dzakatanga kutevedzera tsika dzeEurope kuti dzishandure tsika dzehukoloni dzavaive nadzo kubva padanho rekuzviisa pasi peSpain.
Architecture muUnited States panguva yeXNUMXth uye XNUMXth mazana emakore
MuUnited States, kwakabva neoclassical architecture kuchabvawo mukupararira kwePalladianism apo dzimba dzekumaruwa dzakatanga kugadzirwa. Izvi zviri kuva pachena pakupera kwezana remakore rechiXNUMX. Vagadziri vezvivakwa venguva iyoyo vaiva Benjamin Latrobe naThomas Jefferson.
Nenzira iyi mugadziri Thomas Jefferson akatanga kushanda pakutanga kwegore 1771, mumba make muMonticello mudunhu reVirginia mubasa rake rekuvandudza zvakanyanya maererano nemabasa echiRungu panguva ino, mugadziri wezvivakwa akafemerwa naMaison Carrée. de Nimes, Nenzira iyi akatanga kuita chirongwa checapitol yeguta reVirginia kunyangwe yanga isiri yepakutanga.
Mushure mezvo aive nemabasa akati wandei asi yainyanya kuzivikanwa yaive kambasi yeYunivhesiti yeVirginia, ine mifananidzo yekupedzisira yakadzokera kumashure muna 1817. Chinhu chakaisiyanisa kubva kune mamwe mapurojekiti chaive kuwedzera rotunda kuti pave neUniversity Library ine portico yaive nePalladian. maitiro umo muviri wedenderedzwa unosanganiswa unofuridzira pantheon.
Humwe hunhu hwechivako ichi ndechekuti chakavakwa patsva kubva pakapisa moto mukupera kwezana ramakore rechi XNUMX. Naizvozvo, inongova nemakamuri maviri anovhura mune elliptical chimiro. Nepo mumwe mugadziri wezvivakwa Benjamin Latrobe ndiye akapa zano kuna Thomas Jefferson kuti ashandise nzira yeRotunda. Mubasa rake rekutanga, mugadziri pachake, Benjamin Latrobe, akavaka Richmond Penitentiary uye Bank of Pennsylvania, iyo zvino yakaparadzwa.
Pakuvamba kwezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, akanga ane basa guru rokupedzisa kuvaka kweWashington Capitol, chakanga chiri chivakwa umo vagadziri vamapurani vakawanda vakanga vatora rutivi asi miuyo yavaiva nayo yakanga isina mubvunzo zvikuru.
Pashure pokunge Seneti yapera, kuvakwa kweDare reDare Repamusorosoro kwakatanga. Muchikamu ichocho, kushandiswa kwejometri uye ruzivo rwaakaisa muchivakwa chine hukama hwakawanda nemhando dzakashandiswa nemugadziri weFrance Ledoux uye mugadziri Seoane.
Pakati pemakore 1089 na1818 mushure mekubudirira kupedzwa kwe capitol, kuvaka kwakatanga paBaltimore Cathedral yakakurumbira. Asi yakave neshanduko dzakawandisa panguva yekuvakwa, kunyangwe mugadziri wezvivakwa akazosimbisa kuti ndechimwe chekuvaka kwaakanyanya kufara.
Zvadaro nemaitiro akashandiswa mune zvese neoclassical architecture muUnited States, mabasa akaitwa nevakagadziri Robert Mills naWilliam Strickland, avo vaiva vadzidzi vemuvaki Latrobe pachake. De Robert Mills akaita mapurojekiti akati wandei akatarisana nechechi panzvimbo yepakati muRichmond nePhiladelphia. Pamusoro pazvo, akashanda muzvirongwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuvaka muBaltimore uye guta guru renyika.
Nekuda kwaWilliam Strickland, akaita mukurumbira muUnited States semuvaki ane mukurumbira nekuve mugadziri webhangi rechipiri muUnited States. Aive zvakare nepurojekiti yepakutanga yekuvaka iyo Philadelphia Stock Exchange neNashville Capitol (1845-1849), iyi yakagadzirwa nemarambi akati wandei akafemerwa neChoragic monument yeLysicrates.
Pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi XNUMX muUnited States, neoclassical architecture ichave yepakati uye theoretical tsika axis yekugadzirwa kwemaguta matsva akadai seguta guru Washington, umo inoshuvira kubata guta sechekibhodhi uko zvivakwa zvakakura mapoka epamusoro evanhu. Ndiri muguta reNew York, zvinhu zvitsva zvakarongwa munzvimbo dzakakura, zvinosanganisira nzvimbo dziri pedyo neWall Street.
Nekuronga uku, vakavaka zvivakwa mumhando yekare. Nenzira iyi, mukati mezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, neoclassical architecture yakava chimiro chekuvaka zvivakwa zvehurumende sezvo zviri zvivakwa zvakavakwa nerudzi rwekiyi yemazuva ano uko simba reHurumende rinozoratidzwa nechinangwa chekuratidzira uye kuve. kukwanisa kuwana mukurumbira pasi rose.
Kune mienzaniso yakati wandei inogona kujekeswa mukuvakwa kweUnited States, kunyanya muguta rayo guru, Washington. Sezvakaita chivako chikuru chinozivikanwa seLincoln Memorial icho chakapedzwa mugore ra1922.
Icho chimwe chezvivakwa zvinoedza kuparadzira muguta kufanana nezvivako zveinonzi Imperial Rome. Yakagadzirwawo sechiyeuchidzo chikuru mukurangarira Mutungamiri Abraham Lincoln, anomira pachena kurwisa huranda. Ichi chiyeuchidzo chakagadzirirwa kusvika padanho rakanaka mugore ra1867.
Mugore ra1930 kuvakwa kweDare Repamusorosoro reJustice kwakatanga, iro rakapedzwa mugore ra1935, chivakwa ichi chine neoclassical architecture mufacade yayo huru inoratidzwa maitiro evaKorinde. Izvo zvakafungidzirwa naCass Gilbert, mugadziri wezvivakwa aizivikanwa nevese vatsoropodzi vepasi rose nekuda kwekugadzira Woolworth Building muNew York, panguva yacho, chimwe chezvivakwa zvakareba kwazvo muUnited States nepasirese.
Chekupedzisira chezvivakwa zverudzi urwu zvine neoclassical architecture ndicho chivakwa chikuru cheJefferson Memorial chakavhurwa muguta guru reUnited States mugore ra 1943. Ichi chivakwa chakanakisa chakagadzirwa naJohn Russell Pope vachiita manyepo ePalladian villas uye ye. temberi dzakawanda dzeRoma uye temberi dzechiGiriki dzakasiyana-siyana.
Chivako ichi chinovakwa pamwe neyakatenderedzwa seti yeIonic mbiru inoguma mune pronao inotarisana neRwizi rwePotomac. Iyo modhi yakavakwa yakaumbwa serotunda yemugadziri uye zvakare purezidhendi weUnited States Thomas Jefferson. Kwairi kwakatsaurirwa ichi chivakwa chikuru chakanga chaitwa paYunivhesiti yeVirginia. Chivako chimutsiridzo chiri kure kwazvo nemaitiro matsva uye zvivakwa zviri kushandiswa muzana remakore rechiXNUMX.
Nokuti kwenguva yakareba nzira itsva dzaive dzichishandiswa kukwanisa kuputsa hukama nekare uye maitiro ezvinyorwa zvaive zvichiiswa kuitira kugadzira zvivakwa zvine zvivakwa zvakanaka uye zvinoratidza kirasi itsva yebasa.
Apo mabasa matsva emakore gumi okutanga ezana remakore rechiXNUMX akanga avamba, zvivako zvakanga zvichigadzirwa naHenry Bacon zvaiva nezvivezwa nezvidhori zvinoverengeka zvakanga zvichikopa zvidhori zveRoma zvakakurumbira zvakanga zvakagadzirwa nebhuronzi asi zvakarasika. Kunyangwe iyo pfungwa yakatorwawo kubva kuGreece yekare. Iyi ndiyo nyaya yechifananidzo chikuru cheMutungamiri Lincoln, chakaiswa pakati pechiyeuchidzo kuitira kuti chionekwe neruzhinji rwevanhu.
Architecture muRussia
Neoclassical architecture muRussia ichakura muhafu yechipiri yezana ramakore regumi nemasere, mushure mekunge Catherine II atora simba muRussia uye akakwira chigaro chehumambo, achave mukadzi weRussia yese muna Chikunguru 28 wegore Muna 1762, ruzivo rwese kubva. nyika dzokuMadokero dzakanga dzatosvika munyika iyoyo, zvikurukuru muguta reSaint Petersburg.
Asi zvino kubva mugore ra1760 dhizaini yeRussia ichiri rococo sezvo muItaly Bartolomeo Rastrelli akange achiri mumiriri weruzhinji muRussia yese yemabasa ake ezvivakwa. Asi ndiani anotanga kuunza neoclassical architecture mutsika yeRussia ndiye Empress Catherine Mukuru muGuta guru renyika iyoyo.
Sezvo akapa basa muvaki wechiFrench, Jean-Baptiste Vallin de la Mothe (1729-1800), mamwe emabasa eImperial Academy of Arts muRussia.
Kwegore ra1779, Giacomo Quarenghi (1744-1812) anogamuchirwa muRussia kuitira kuti ave muguta reSaint Petersburg. Munzvimbo iyoyo acharamba ari muhupenyu hwake hwese achiwana basa repamutemo remugadziri weEmpress Catherine II. Pakati pemakore 1780 m uye gore 1785. Akatanga kushandura guta reSaint Petersburg kuita guta rekutanga reRussia, riri iro razvino uno, richitevera mumakwara eguta rekare.
Muguta iroro mugadziri wemapurani akavaka mizinda yakawanda uye akaita kuti zviyeuchidzo zvive zvefashoni.” Mugadziri wemapurani uyu akakurudzirwa nemavakirwo akaitwa Palladian.
Nenzira imwecheteyo, muScotsman Charles Cameron (1743-1812) aivewo muRussia, aive agadzira Gallery yePalace yeEmpress Catherine muguta rinozivikanwa reTsárskoye Seló, munzvimbo imwecheteyo akatanga kutora zvakare tsime. -inozivikanwa Chirungu chimiro chemugadziri Adam. Kwaakatanga kugadzira Palace yeGrand Duke Paul muguta rePavlovsk, basa iri rakatanga kuvakwa mugore ra1781 uye rakapedzwa mugore ra1796. Kuita imwe yemapaki akaisvonaka muRussia.
Neoclassical architecture muRussia yakava fashoni apo Empress Catherine II akasvika pakuchinja apo aive naAlexander I. mune yakanaka Stock Exchange Palaces iri muguta reSt. Yakagadzirwa nemugadziri weFrench mavambo uye anozivikanwa saJean-François Thomas de Thomon uye yakapedzwa muna 1804. Iyi muzinda ndiyo muenzaniso wakajeka wetsika yeNeo-Greek yakafuridzirwa netemberi yeHera.
Kana iwe wawana chinyorwa ichi pane neoclassical architecture yakakosha, ini ndinokukoka iwe kuti ushanyire anotevera malink: