Zvinozivikanwa here kuti ndiani akatanga chiKristu? Kubva muzana remakore rechigumi nemapfumbamwe, zvidzidzo zvemazuva ano zveTestamende Itsva zvakasimbirira pakusiyanisa nhamba dzaJesu naPauro. Maererano navamwe vanyori, Jesu weNazareta akanga asina fungidziro youmwari, asi akabva mudzidziso dzaPauro, nokudaro achiparadza midzi yechiJudha. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kuratidza musiyano pakati pechiKristu pamberi paPauro, chiJudha, uye chiKristu mushure, iyo yakauya kwatiri uye yakanga iri mutsinhirano nechihedheni, icho Pauro anonzi muvambi wacho.
Saka kana iwe uchida kuziva zvishoma nezvekuti ndiani akatanga chiKristu, pano tinokuudza.
Muvambi wechiKristu
Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechiXNUMX, W. Wrede, mubhuku rake rinonzi Pablo (1904), akaonesa kuti Pauro akanga ari chinoitika chitsva munyika yechiGiriki icho chakashandura Jesu kuva kuvapo kunopfuura, kwoumwari, kuvapo kare, uye kuti pfungwa yacho yakava sei chinhu chikuru. Ndiko kusaka zvichinzi muvambi wechiKristu. Nzira yaWrede inofanira kutanga isingabvumirwe nekuti haifungi nezvekutanga kwainobva, tsananguro ye Mabasa aLucan naPauline Epistles pachavo. Chechipiri, pfungwa yomunhu woumwari kana kuti akaitwa samwari wenyika yechiGiriki (ngano yechiGiriki) yakanga isingawirirani navanarabhi vechiFarise vaPauro.
Kutaura zvazviri, haugoni kufuratira kurerwa kwake. Gamarieri Mukuru, rabhi aizivikanwa zvikuru weJerusarema panguva iyoyo. Nokudaro, akadzidziswa kuteerera mutemo (Torah) uye akadzingiswa pazuva rechisere rokuberekwa kwake. Kunyange zvazvo akaberekerwa muTarso, Silesia, akakurira muJerusarema uye anobva muchiJudha chePalestine. Kuwedzera pakuziva chiGiriki, aitaurawo chiSemitic (chiAramaic). Mukati merwendo rwake rwoufundisi, akatanga kuparidzira vaJudha vakanga vabva kunze kwenyika, zvichienderana nenharaunda yaitaurwa nezvayo. Saka ichokwadi ichocho Kuparadzaniswa kwaPauro kubva kuPalestinian Judaism neJudeo-Christian community kwaingova chimwe chinhu kunze kwekutanga kwehemeneutics yemazuva ano.
R. Bultmann naM. Hengel
R. Bultmann akaonesa kuti Pauro aibva muchiJudha chechiGiriki nemhaka yokuti aiziva uzivi hwechiGiriki netsika uye akanga asiri mudzidzi womunhu oga waJesu. Zvakare, nekuda kwekushaikwa kuri pachena kwehwaro hwenhoroondo, anosimbirira kuti kushanduka kubva kuchiKristu chePalestine kuenda kuchiKristu chechiGiriki kwakakonzerwa nekuunzwa kwechinhu chisinganzwisisike. Akatonongedzera kuSyria senzvimbo iyo shanduko iyi yakaitika.
Zvisinei, M. Hengel anokwevera ngwariro kuidi rokuti zvishomanene zvinozivikanwa pamusoro pokuitwa kwechiGiriki kweSiria nokunamata kworudzidziso muruwa rwacho. Pamusoro pazvo, Antiokia haina kusiyana neGuta Dzvene. Munguva ichangopfuura, nyanzvi dzeBritain neGermany dzakataura kuti muSiriya, uko kusina chitendero chesymbiotic (hapana fusion) munyika yechihedheni. Kudai Jesu akanga ari muporofita akapfava, vaJudha vangadai vasina kutongobvuma kuva kwake mwari, nokuti kubatanidza Mwari nomufananidzo kana kuti munhu zvinosemesa.
Ndiani akanga ari muvambi wechiKristu?
Parizvino, purofesa weUCM Antonio Piñero anotsinhira izvozvo “hazvimbofungiki kuti Jesu aizviti Mwanakomana waMwari mupfungwa yakazara”, uye anowedzera izvozvo Pane magwaro manomwe eTestamente Itsva anotaura pachena kuti Jesu ndiMwari. MuEvhangeri yaJohane, Tsamba dzaPauro netsamba dzaVaHebheru, kuumbwa kwomunhu ari chibereko chokusangana nenyika yechiGiriki kunoratidzirwa.
Chii chingataurwa pamusoro pechirevo ichi chinokakavara uye chinofadza? Zvakanaka, zvakakosha kuziva kuti kuumbwa kwaJesu kunoda mamiriro maviri:
Pashure porufu rwaJesu weNazareta, zvakatora makore akawanda asati agona kuziva kuti akanga ari Mwari. Mubhuku raMabasa rinorondedzerwa kuti sei Hurukuro yekutanga yaPetro paPendekosti (mazuva makumi mana amutswa) inoreva humwari uye kuvapo kwaKristu., saka hazvibviri kuunza pesvedzero yechiGiriki.
Chechipiri, tinofanira kuramba tichifunga nezveboka repfungwa. Vadzidzi vaiva vaJudha uye vaidavira kuti kuna Mwari mumwe chete, saka zvakanga zvisina musoro kwavari kuti munhu aiva Mwari. Inowanzotaurwa nguva dzose munyika yechiJudha. Somuenzaniso, muMiddle Ages, Mambo Jaime akakurukura chiKristu narabhi (padare muBarcelona) airamba rudzidziso sezvayaitaurwa nemhaka yokuti kwakanga kusina mufungo kutaura nezvaMwari wokusika.
Cesar Franco mupfungwa iyi, ndinodzokorora: “Chiitiko chisingawanzoitiki chorumuko chakanga chiri simba rokusika iro rakazarura ndangariro dzavaapostora navafundisi, vakaberekwa ndokukurira vaJudha, vakadzidza nezvemabhuku matsvene avo ndokunzvera maari chinhu chiri chose icho vaporofita vakanga vazivisa pamusoro paJesu”.
Munguva pfupi pakati pekufa kwaJesu nekutendeuka kwaPauro, nheyo dzeChristological dzinotonga Testamente Itsva. Mukati menguva iyoyo, Pauro akaita zviito zvechisimba (kutuka, kutuka, kurwisa, kuchera, uye kuparadza) mukurwisana namaKristu. Zvose izvi zvinoratidza kuti Pauro akazvibata somuJudha wechokwadi anoshingairira mutemo asati atendeuka panzira inoenda kuDhamasiko.
Naizvozvo, muvambi weChristology uye muvambi wechiKristu ndiKristu pachake.. Jesu, sezviri pachena akakundwa nevaFarise, anozviwana ari munzvimbo yakachengeterwa Tora uye kunyangwe Tembere panguva iyoyo. Makanga muri muJerusarema umo nzanga yechiKristu yakavamba kuita chiziviso choumwari chaJesu muupenyu hwake hwapasi, uye chiitiko chinoshamisa chorumuko. Iyi ndiyo nzira iyo vaapostora vakagamuchira nayo Christology uye vakanga vachitarisira kuendesa shoko, zvichida Pauro nenzira yakanaka uye isinganzwisisike. Sekutaura kunoita Fray Luis de León, Pablo akashandura vhangeri kubva parwiyo rwuri nyore kuita rwiyo rwepolyphonic.
Zvinogona kugumiswa kuti Pauro akanga asiri muvambi wechiKristu. Akaparidzira zvaakanga agamuchira, kutenda kwevaapostora, uye nokudaro Antiokia neJerusarema dzaitaura kutenda kumwe cheteko. Pakupedzisira, kutora mashoko anonakidza kubva muCatechism yaPope Benedict XVI yaNyamavhuvhu 27, 2008: “Pauro, mweya wakafadzwa zvechokwadi nechiedza cheEvhangeri, akadanana naKristu, aine chokwadi chokuti akanga ari madikanwa nokuda kwenyika yaKristu.
Ndinovimba kuti ruzivo urwu rwave runobatsira kwauri, uye rwakabvisa kusava nechokwadi kwako pamusoro pokuti ndiani aiva muvambi wechiKristu.