Chii Chinoita Mhepo?

Vanhu vazhinji vanofarira kushamisika, mhepo inosanganisirei Zvakanaka, ndiyo imwe yemisoro ichakurukurwa nhasi. Nenzira yakafanana, zvinoratidzirwa kuti kana tikatanga kutsanangura pamusoro penzvimbo yemhepo yakapoteredza pasi, zvinogona kutaurwa kuti uyu ndiye anotarisira kuchengeta mamwe magasi pasi penyika yedu.

Mune iyi kurongeka kwemazano, basa guru rechikamu chakakosha ichi hachisi chinhu kunze kwekudzivirira king star mwaranzi kamwe kamwe kupinda pasi redu uye zvakare kubvumira hupenyu huri nani kune avo vanogara paPasi.

Chinhu chakakosha ndechekuti kwete Nyika chete ndiyo ine mhepo, kune mamwe mapuraneti anonakidzwa nawo.

Chii chinonzi mhepo uye kuumbwa kwayo

muchadenga

Panguva yekutaura izvo mhepo ine mhepo, tinogona kuona kuti kuburikidza nemagasi ayo anogona kudzivirira kuvapo kwoupenyu pamapuraneti akawanda. Nenzira iyi, mhepo yemhepo inoumbwa ne21% oksijeni, 78% nitrogen, 1% yemhute yemvura uye hushoma hwehumwe hupfu hwakadai seargon kana carbon monoxide. Pakati pezviri pamusoro, mamiriro ekunze akakamurwa kuva majasi akati wandei umo akasiyana abnormalities anopfuura, aya ndeaya:

1. Troposphere

Imwe yezvigadziko kana misambo ine mhepo, pasina mubvunzo troposphere, inova ndiyo iri pamusoro pePasi. Pakati pehumwe hunhu hwayo ndeyekuti hairatidze chimwe chinhu uye hapana chiri pasi pe75% yehuremu hwemhepo.

Mune pfungwa iyi, the troposphere ine nzvimbo iyo pasina mubvunzo iyo ine tembiricha yakatsiga, sezvo ini ndichitaura nezve "thermal layer" kana "inotonhora trap" uye vanogashira mazita aya sezvo vari ivo chete vanokwanisa kupa sevhisi uko gasi remvura raanogona' ndinowana imwe kupinda mukati sezvaanochinja kuita aizi uye kubatwa. Dai pasina chinotonhora, Nyika yaigona kuparadza mvura yaro yese.

Mamiriro ekunze, ayo atinogara tichiita, anokonzerwawo mu troposphere. Kupisa kwakasiyana kwenzvimbo dzetroposphere neZuva kunotanga kutenderera kwemaitiro nemhepo. Iyo tropopause inoenderera semadziro asingaoneki uye ndiko kuziva kunoitwa makore uye nguva inotyisa mukati mayo.

2. Stratosphere

Stratosphere

Chimwe chikamu icho mhepo yakapoteredza pasina mubvunzo ndiyo stratosphere, iyi iri pamusoro peiyo yataurwa pamusoro apa. Inokura kubva munzvimbo yepasi ye15 kusvika ku50 km. Iyi inzvimbo ine tembiricha yepamusoro kupfuura troposphere.

3. Mesosphere

Kune rumwe rutivi, zvakakosha kuziva kuti sezvo chikamu chechitatu chemhepo chiri mesosphere iyo iri pamusoro peiyo yataurwa muchikamu chechipiri. Nhambwe iri pakati pechitubu ichi nepasi redu ingangoita 50 kusvika 80 km. Mupfungwa iyi, iyi inorongedzerwa senzvimbo inotonhora zvakanyanya panguva inoitwa kukwirira. Pano mameteor anoumba anoora, achishanduka kuita nyeredzi dzinopfura dzatinoona pane humwe husiku.

4. Thermosphere

La thermosphere, chikamu chedu chechina chemuchadenga chine chinhambwe kubva kuPasi chingangoita makiromita makumi masere. Kana ari madhigirii ayo etembiricha, zvinogona kutaurwa kuti izvi zvakasiyana neyakapfuura sezvo ichipisa chose. Nekune rimwe divi, inogadzirwa chaizvo nemaatomu anochajiswa magetsi, akadaro maion.

A the thermosphere inobata heterosphere, nharaunda umo pasina kurongeka kwakafanana kwemagasi. Kunyangwe iwo magasi asina kunyatso kusanganiswa, iwo anoramba akaiswa mu togas, inoenderana neayo mamorekuru masasi. Mukupesana nemhute yehomosphere (inogara mutroposphere, stratosphere, uye mesosphere) iyo inofananidzwa commodified.

5. Exosphere

Pakupedzisira, patinotaura nezve chikamu chekupedzisira chemhepo, tinogona kutaura kuti iyi ndiyo exosphere. Naizvozvo ndiyo thinnest capuz uye inoshanda semagadzirirwo akananga kunzvimbo isina mhute kana kunofungidzirwa kuti kwakaoma. Muchikamu chino chekupedzisira, simba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi riri padikidiki, zvichiita kuti mamwe mamhute atadze kuita basa rawo.

Hunhu hwemhepo

Zvimwe zvehunhu izvo the mamiriro ekunze, nde:

1. Nzvimbo

La muchadenga Inowanikwa pedyo nepamusoro penyika, ichikura kubva pasi kusvika pamakiromita angangoita 10.000 XNUMX kubva kunyeredzi, mune akawanda kana mashoma akaenzana akaturikidzana emhute.

75% yehuremu hwayo hunotyisa huri mukutanga 11 km yemukurumbira kubva ku pamusoro pegungwa, uye sezvaanokwidziridzwa iye anowanawo mwero wakakura wekumanikidza.

2. Bumbiro remitemo

La bumbiro remhepo yakashanduka munhoroondo yenyika, kunyanya kubva pamavambo ezvisikwa zvipenyu, kuti tinopedza humwe mhute uye kukonzera humwe. Nekudaro, chimiro chayo chine 78% nitrogen uye 21% okisijeni, pamwe chete nehumwe hupfu hwakakosha sehydrogen, carbon dioxide, ozone, argon, uye mamwe magasi akanaka. Saizvozvovo, chinomiririra chepamusoro chemhute yemvura chinotonga.

Greenhouse maturo

Mhedzisiro yegreenhouse inozivikanwa sekumiririra kwemhute yemuchadenga yakaita secarbon dioxide inoumba gobvu mumhepo uye inonotsa kubuda kwekupisa kwepasi (kufanana nemadziro egreenhouse). Ichi chigumisiro chakakosha pakuchengetedzwa kwekupisa kwepasi, izvo zvinodiwa muupenyu.

Mhedziso pamusoro pemhepo

Mhepo yakakamurwa kuita zvidimbu, izvo zvinosiyana mutembiricha uye kudzvanywa, nekudaro kugadzira girajuweta inotaurwa kune atmospheric thermal gradient. Magumbeze aya angave:

Troposphere: Iyo yakaderera mantle, iyo inoenda kubva pakutanga 6 kusvika 20 makiromita ekukwirira. Ndiyo layer apo the mananara emuchadenga uye kupera kwehood kunowanikwa pakupisa kwe -50 °C.

Stratosphere: Mune imwe pfungwa, tinowana Stratosphere inofamba kubva pamakiromita makumi maviri kusvika ku20 mukukwirira, yakarongwa muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana kana nguva dzemhepo (nokudaro zita remanyepo). Mariri, iyo metamorphosis yeokisijeni muozone inoitika nemwaranzi yeultraviolet, chikonzero chinokonzera kupisa, cognition iyo tembiricha inowedzera mune iyi layer (-50 ° C).

Ozonosphere: Kuti zvive zvakanyatsojeka, inguva ye stratosphere, uko huwandu hukuru hwe ozone hunotangira uye, nekudaro, iyo ozone layer yakabatwa inowanikwa inodzivirira pasi kubva pakubhomba kwakananga kwemwaranzi yezuva, ichinyura inopfuura imwe 95% ye ivo.

Mesosphere: Kana iri Mesosphere, inokura pakati pemakiromita makumi mashanu ne50 mukukwirira, uye inobata chete 80% yehuremu hwemhepo yemuchadenga. Ndiyo nzvimbo inotonhora zvakanyanya mumhepo yese: inosvika tembiricha ye -0,1 °C.

Ionosphere: Nenzira imwechete inozivikanwa se thermosphere, inofamba kubva pamakiromita makumi mapfumbamwe kusvika ku90 mukukwirira, uye mairi tembiricha inowedzera nekukwirira, maererano nekumiririrwa kwemwaranzi yezuva. Tembiricha ye800 ° C uye kunyangwe tembiricha yakakwira yakanyorwa pairi.

Exosphere: Pakupedzisira, kana tichitaura pamusoro pezvakaita mhepo, hatigoni kusiya imwe yezvikamu zvayo, Exosphere, iyi ndiyo denga rekunze remhepo, rinodzidzisa pamakiromita mazana masere uye rinopera pa800. Imomo maatomu anoparara akananga muchadenga, uye inzvimbo inofamba pakati penyeredzi yedu nekunze kwenyika.


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