Mhando dzeWhales, Hunhu uye Zvimwe

Whales imhuka dzinoyamwisa dzakajairana nehupenyu hwemumvura uye dzinoonekwa semhuka hombe panyika. Vanobva kuzvisikwa zvepanyika zvakadzokera kugungwa pashure pokunge zvagara mamiriyoni emakore panyika. Kuti dzirambe dzakakura kwazvo dzinofanira kudya muhuwandu hwezvimwe zvipenyu zvidiki-diki zvemunyanza. Tsvaga pazasi nezve Mhando dzeWhales.

Mhando dzeWhales

Ichiri chiono chinoshamisa kufungisisa kekutanga boka remawhale murusununguko. Kuwedzera pakushamiswa, munhu anonyengerwa paanocherechedza kuti mhuka huru idzi dzinofamba sei noukuru hwakadaro nomumakungwa. Idzi ndidzo nguva dzatinoona kusakosha kwedu uye kuti nyika ino ingave idiki sei kumhuka dzakakura kudaro dzinonzi ndidzo huru panyika.

Etymology

Izwi whale, kubva muchiLatin ballaena, anoziva neGreek phalaina, ine isina chokwadi etymological mavambo. Zvazvinoreva zvingave zvisingazivikanwe kana zvichibva kune mumwe mutauro wekare weMedithera, kana dai zviri zveIndo-European, pamwe Illyrian, pamwe zvaizoreva cylindrical kana bulky chimiro chemhuri iyi. Aya macetaceans aizivikanwawo seCetus, hove huru, Revhiatani kana chikara chegungwa. Baleen, sekudanwa kunoitwa machira ekuti keratinous akwanise kusefa chikafu kubva mumvura, anodaidzwa kunzi whale, uye muchiRungu anonzi baleens.

Tsanangudzo yeTaxonomic

Iyo whale imhuka inoyamwisa yemhuri yecetacean, umo ma dolphin uye porpoises zvakare akaunganidzwa. Izwi rokuti "whale" ishoko risina kujeka rinogona kukonzera kuvhiringidzika, sezvo, somuenzaniso, orcas, iyo inonzi killer whales, chaizvoizvo haisi whales asi ma dolphin. Kazhinji chero yakakura cetacean inonzi "whale", iyo isiri iyo. Kuriisa nemazvo, izwi rinonongedza kune vanhu vemhuri dzeBalaenidae neNeobalaenidae, nepo macetaceans emhuri yeBalaenopteridae anonzi mafin whale.

Zvese izvi zvinoita kuti munhu avhiringike, saka kuita kuti kupatsanurwa kwavo kuve nyore, mawhale anopatsanurwa kuita baleen whales, ayo ari chikamu che mysticete suborder, uye mazino whales, ayo ari chikamu cheodontocete suborder. Mysticetes iboka remawhale ane huvepo hukuru, sezvo ivo vanounganidza mhuri ina dzakasiyana uye gumi neshanu marudzi:

Mhuri Balaenidae:

• Balaena gender:
  • Bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus)
• Genus Eubalaena:
  • Southern kana Southern Right whale (Eubalaena australis)
  • Glacial kana Northern Right Whale (Eubalaena glacialis)
  • North Pacific Right Whale (Eubalaena japonica)

Mhuri Neobalaenidae:

• • Pygmy Right Whale kana Dwarf Right Whale (Caperea marginata)

Mhuri Eschrichtiidae:

• Genus Eschrichtius:
  • Grey whale (Eschrichtius robustus)

Mhuri Balaenopteridae:

• Genus Balaenoptera:
  • Fin Whales (Balaenoptera physalus)
  • Boreal kana Northern whale (Balaenoptera borealis)
  • Bryde's whale (Balaenoptera brydei)
  • Tropical Fin Whale (Balaenoptera edeni)
  • Fin whale kana Blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus)
  • Aliblanco kana Minke Whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata)
  • Austral Whales (Balaenoptera bonaerensis)
  • Omura's whale (Balaenoptera omurai)
• Genus Megaptera:
  • Humpback whale kana Yubarta (Megaptera novaeangliae)

Kune rimwe divi, uye sechikamu che suborder yeodontocetes ma dolphin uye porpoise kunze kweiyo inotevera mhuri:

Mhuri Physeteridae:

• Genre Physeter:
  • Sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus)

Zviratidzo

Zvose magadzirirwo emuviri uye anatomy yewhale yakaoma kwazvo, uye ndosaka vaine kugona kurarama mumvura. Kutenda kune pectoral uye dorsal fins kuti vanokwanisa kufamba mumvura uye kugona kuchengetedza chiyero chavo. Ivo zvakare vane maburi ekufema muchikamu chepamusoro chemiviri yavo, mavanofemera mweya, kuti vazonyura pasi pemvura kwenguva yakati rebei, vasati vakwira kumusoro kune mumwe mweya. Ichi ndicho chimiro chemawhale chinovasiyanisa kubva kune humwe hupenyu hwemvura.

Chinhu chinonyanya kusiyanisa chewhale ndechekuti, kunze kwesperm whale, zvisikwa zvisina mazino. Vazhinji vavo vane ndebvu dzinovashandisa kusefa mvura vachitsvaga chikafu chavo. Kusiyana nehove, cetaceans nguva dzose miswe yadzo yakamira yakatambarara. Kuva necaudal fin nenzira iyi kunobetsera zvikuru, sezvo pamwe chete nemhasuru dzayo dzine simba, inogona kukudziridza kumhanya kukuru uye kuchengeta kufamba kusingachinji mukufamba kwayo kwenguva refu.

Sezvo dziri mhuka dzinoyamwisa, hadzina kujaira kufema dziri pasi pemvura, saka dzinofanira kugara dziri pamusoro pemhepo. Vanokwanisa kufema nemumhino dzinonzi spiracles, dziri pamusoro pemusoro. Mysticetes kazhinji ane maviri spiracles uye odontocetes imwe. Hove dzinofamba-famba maererano nemwaka, muzhizha dzinoenda kumatanda kunodya uye muchando dzinodzika kumvura dzinopisa nokuda kwechikamu chadzo chokubereka.

Chimwe chinhu chakanyanya hunhu hukuru hwemafuta akatenderedza muviri wese. Mafuta aya anowanikwa kubva mukudya uye anoshanda kuti ugare uchidziya. Sezvo zviri zvisikwa zvine ropa rinodziya, mafuta anoumba mupendero wakakwana waanozvidzivirira nawo kubva kuchando chinotonhora paanosvika mumvura inotonhora. Whales uye cetaceans zvakafanana mhuka dzinoshamwaridzana dzinowanzofamba mumapoka evanhu vakati wandei.

Sei mawhale ane baleen?

Nyeredzi, kusanganisa sperm whale, dzine baleen yekusefa chikafu chavo. Kuburikidza nekukura kwayo kwemhindumupindu, rushaya rwayo rwepamusoro rwakakombama kuita nzvimbo yendebvu dzakanyudzwa dzakagadzirwa nekeratin, pamwe chete nenzwara dzevanhu uye mhembwe dzedzimwe mhuka. Ndebvu idzi dzine mipendero yakapfava, dzakaita gonyonhatu uye dzakatsetseka uye dzinoumbika. Anowanzo kurongwa mumuromo wewhale mumitsara miviri yakaenzana, semuzinga, kuitira kusefa zviri nani. Inogona kuva ne100 kusvika ku400 baleen zvichienderana nemhando dzewhale.

Baleen inokosha kuti mawhale adye. Pakutuhwina, dzinozadza muromo wadzo nemvura uye gare gare, nerubatsiro rwemhasuru dzepahuro nerurimi, dzinobudisa mvura mumuromo kuitira kuti zvokudya zvivharwe pakati pebhereni. Chinhu chinoda kuziva ndechekuti mabaen embryos ane mazino, asi aya anotorwazve uye anotsiviwa ne baleen asati azvarwa.

Mawhale anodyei?

Nyeredzi dzinodya zvakanyanya krill uye zvine mwero crustaceans senge copepods uye amphipods, kunyangwe kudya kwavo kungangosiyana pakati pezvipenyu.

Vanodya sei?

Ivo vanonyanya kushandisa nzira mbiri dzakasiyana dzekudyisa, gobbling uye kupupa. Yekutanga inonyanyozivikanwa pakati pemafin whales, ane ganda rakapetwa pasi peshaya dzawo izvo zvinovabvumira kukudza miromo yavo zvishoma uye nekudaro kumedza huwandu hwakawanda hwemvura nechikafu. Sezvatakambotaura, mushure mekuvhara muromo wavo vanomanikidza mvura kuti ibude pakati pemabhawa avo kuitira kuti chikafu chivharwe pakati pemabhara.

Kupupa inzira inoshandiswa zvakanyanya nemaright whale. Dzinodya nekufamba zvishoma nezvishoma pamusoro pemvura, dzichimanikidzira hova dzemvura nemumabhara adzo marefu. Mukupesana nekutamba, umo vanodya mugup rimwe chete, kupupuma kudya kwechigarire. Mamwe mawhale anoshandisa nzira dzose dzekudyisa, kunyange zvazvo kumedza ndiko kwavanoshandisa zvakanyanya. Kune rumwe rutivi, masperm whale, ari maodontocetes, anovhima mhuka dzawo kuti adye, giant squid yakakurumbira.

Sei mawhale achiimba? Vanozviita sei?

Sei vachiimba hazvisati zvazivikanwa, asi zvinofungidzirwa kuti vanoimba senzira yekukurukurirana, ndiko kuti, vanoimba kuti vabatane nevezera ravo, kunyanya kusarudzwa kwevanoita zvepabonde. Mysticetes haina chimiro chaizobvumira kuti iite maungira sezvinoita odontocetes, saka hazvizivikanwe kuti inoburitsa manzwi sei. Sezviri pachena ma<em>whale anokwanisa kubudisa manzwi nedokoriro rawo, zvisinei, haana tsinga dzenzwi, saka chichiri chisinganzwisisiki manzwire aanoita.

Sezvo pfungwa yavo yekuona isiri yakanyanya kushanda pasi pemvura, cetaceans, kuva zvisikwa zvemagariro, vanovimba zvakanyanya nezwi kuti vataurirane. Kunyanya ivo vanoimba, sezvo mumvura, ruzha runoshanda zvakanyanya kupfuura mumhepo, zvekuti iyi faculty inofarira kutaurirana pakati pevanhu vakaparadzaniswa nemakiromita akati wandei. Nyeredzi dzinobudisa nhevedzano yemhere-mhere yemhere-mhere, kurira, miridzo, uye kurira, uye iwaya anosvika madaro makuru pasi pemvura pane akakwira-frequency.

Kuwanda kwemanzwi anoburitswa nemawhale ane mazino anotangira pa40 Hz kusvika 325 kHz, ukuwo ewhale whales anotangira pa10 Hz kusvika 31 kHz. Avo vanogara munzvimbo dziri pedyo vanowanzoimba nziyo dzakafanana zvikuru, nepo mawhale ari kunzvimbo dziri kure achibudisa ruzha rwakasiyana chose chose.

Sekuda kuziva, tsvagiridzo yechangobva kuitika yakaratidza kuti mawhale mazhinji anoshandisa nzvimbo yemvura, inodaidzwa nenyanzvi dzegungwa se "SOFAR chiteshi", kuitira kutaurirana pakati pavo, nenzira yekuti manzwi avo anogona kusvika kunzvimbo dziri kure. Nzvimbo iyi inoshanda segwara remasaisai eruzha, kuitira kuti manzwi anofamba nemugwara iri zvipararire zviri nyore munyanza yose.

Vanoberekana sei?

Nyeredzi dzinoberekana pabonde pamwe chete nemhuka dzose dzinoyamwisa. Vanoda kusangana pabonde pakati pezvidzidzo zviviri zvakasiyana uye kusangana kwemukati kuti zviitike. Muzvipenyu zvakawanda, kubereka kunoenderana nenguva yegore uye mune mamwe, senge baleen whales, zvinoenderana nekutama. Mukupedzisira, mune zvose zvepabonde kune kuwedzera kwekuita kwehomoni kana uchiswedera kunzvimbo dzekuberekesa, zvichida nekuda kwekusiyana kwehurefu hwezuva kana mukupisa kwemvura.

Nekuda kwekushandisa kukuru kwesimba uko kubata pamuviri kunoreva kumuenzaniso wechikadzi, chinhu chakajairika ndechekuti kuberekana kwebaleen whales kunoitika makore maviri kana matatu ega ega. Kune rimwe divi, maodontocetes ane nguva dzakasiyana dzekubereka, kunze kweiyo sperm whales iyo, pamwe neiyo baleen whales, inowanzobereka makore maviri kana matatu ega ega kana kupfuura, sezvo gestation inotora inenge mwedzi gumi nemasere uye vadiki vesperm whales ivo. kugara naamai vavo kupfuura mazuva ose.

Iko hakuna mhando yecetacean iyo ine murume mumwe chete, varume vanogona kusangana nevakadzi vakasiyana pazuva rimwe chete. Panowanzova nekukakavadzana kwakanyanya pakati pevarume munguva yose yekuberekesa. Vanhukadzi havasi zvisikwa zvokungoita, asi vane simba rekusarudza murume wavo uye kuramba kuvata nomurume wavasingadi.

Seruzivo rwekuda kuziva, mukusiyana nemamwe mawhale ebaleen, pane kukwikwidza kushoma pakati pemarudyi kana zvasvika pakubereka. Vanozendamira kune imwe nzira ine runyararo, pane kuita kurwisana kwemuviri, vanoita hondo yembeu. Boka revarume vanosangana nehadzi imwe chete, kana achida, uye vanomirira kuti mbeu yavo iite makwikwi kuti vaone kuti ndiani anotanga kusvika pazai.

Vachitsvaga kuona kuti mbeu yake ine mukana wekusangana nezai kubva kumukadzi, varume veright whale vane ma testicles makuru pamhuka yose, rimwe nerimwe rinosvika 500 kilos muhuremu. Nenzira yekuti, nekuwanda kwembeu, zvinoita kuti vakwanise kuisa urume hwavo muvakadzi vakawanda uye nokudaro kuwedzera mukana wekusangana nezai. Kana vangozvarwa, "vacheche" kazhinji havanwi mukaka kupfuura gore.

Maitiro

Imwe yemitambo inoshamisa yemawhale ndeyekusvetuka kwavo kwakasiyana. Idzo dzino“svetuka” zvakanyanya ihove inonzi humpback whale. Kunyange zvazvo chinangwa chokusvetuka uku chisingazivikanwi, dzidziso dzakawanda dzakataurwa, dzakadai sokudzingwa kwezvipembenene, nyevero dzingangopinda, kukwezva vezera ravo, kana kuti imwewo nzira yokukurukura nayo.

Imwe maitiro anowanzoitika ndeyekuratidza pectoral fins kubva mumvura, uye kurova mvura kakawanda navo. Vakaonekwawo vachirova mvura nezvimbi zvemuswe. Chikonzero chemaitiro aya ipfungwa yakakwana uye inopindura kune imwechete dzidziso sekusvetuka.

Maitiro ekuda kuziva anoratidzwa nemamwe mawhale ndeye espionage. Dzimwe nguva vanongoburitsa misoro yavo mumvura kuti vaone zviri kuitika pavari. Sezvo kuoneka mumhepo kuri nani pane vari pasi pemvura, maitiro aya anovabvumira kuti vasore vanofungidzirwa kuti varwiri vanodzungaira munzvimbo iyi, sekuona podhi yemhondi. Somuenzaniso, ma<em>killer whale, anowanzobudisa misoro yawo achitsvaka mapenguin nezvisimbiso zvingawanikwa paaizi.

Vanomhanyirei pamhenderekedzo dzegungwa?

Nyeredzi dzinomhanyira pasi nokuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana, kukwanisa kusvika mupenyu kana kufa, ari oga kana mumapoka pamhenderekedzo yegungwa. Zvikonzero zvezvipfeko zvakadaro zvinogona kuva zvakasiyana-siyana:

• Zvizhinji zvacho zvinowanzopedzwa pamakungwa makuru, nenzira yokuti kana vasvika kumhenderekedzo yegungwa, vanosvika vachizvuzvurudzwa nemhepo nemhepo, vachiri kuyangarara vachitenda kumagasi ekuora. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro vanowanzova vanhu vari voga.
• Mafungiro anopenga zvakanyanya anofunga kuti vakazviuraya kana kuti vanoedza kudzokera kumavambo avo epasi.
• Nzvero dzakakomba, dzesainzi, uye dzine mufungo zvikuru dzinoratidza kuti mhuka dzine mwero wakakwirira zvikuru wokusvetukira idzo dzinogara mumapoka ari kure zvikurusa nemhenderekedzo yegungwa. Dzimwe nguva mhuka idzi dzakatevera mhuka dzadzo kumhenderekedzo yegungwa, uko kusaziva kwavo kusunungurwa kwemahombekombe kunogona kuva chinhu chinotsanangura.
• Chimwe chikonzero chinogona kunge chiri kukanganisa mu "navigation system" yako. Izvi zvinogona kukonzerwa, semuenzaniso, nehutachiona kana zvirwere zvinogona kukanganisa kurongeka, nzvimbo uye kuenzana kwecetaceans.
• Kune rumwe rutivi, kusununguka kwegungwa kunoita basa rinopfuura, sezvo nzvimbo dzakawanda dzepasi dzinoitika munzvimbo dzakaderera, izvo zvinofungidzirwa zvinogona kukanganisa "maitiro ekufambisa" uye echolocation.
• Imwe fungidziro inoongororwa ndeyekuti, kungofanana nekamba dzemugungwa, mawhale anoshandisa Earth magnetic field kuti azvitungamire uye kuti, kana achiyambuka nzvimbo dzemagineti irregularities, anorasikirwa nekutarisa uye anopedzisira avharirwa pamahombekombe.
• Nehurombo, chimwe chezvikonzero zvinogara zvichitaurwa nhasi ndechekudzika nekuda kwemasonar echiuto uye kuchera oiri, izvo zvinoburitsa ruzha rwune simba zvekuti zvinokanganisa nekupwanya hurongwa hwese hwekutungamira kubva mukati.

Sei mawhale achitama?

Chinangwa chakanyanya kukosha chekutama ndechekutsvaga nzvimbo dzakanakisa dzekudyisa nekuberekesa. Kunze kweiyo tropical whale inogara gore rose mumvura inodziya uye Greenland whale isingaende kure nemvura yepolar, ese mabalaen whale anotamira kuchamhembe-kumaodzanyemba.

Mawhale anowanzo kutamira kunzvimbo dzepolar muzhizha nekuti kunyunguduka kwechando kunokonzera kuputika kwehupenyu mumvura idzi. Sechikamu chehupenyu ihwohwo chikafu chinofarirwa nemawhale, krill uye copepods, iyo huwandu hwevanhu hunowedzera zvakanyanya mumwaka wese wakataurwa.

Sezvo nguva yechando inotanga, kubereka kwebiology yepolar seas kunoderera, zvichiita kuti mawhale atange kutamira kumvura inodziya kumaodzanyemba kuti atange kubereka kwawo. Nzvimbo dzinoberekera vazhinji hadzinyatsozivikanwa, tichifunga kuti inowanikwa mumvura inodziya, inopisa uye yakadzika. Vanamai vane mhuru dzichangozvarwa dzinogara kwenguva refu munzvimbo dzakataurwa kuitira kuti mhuru isimbise uye ikure zvakakwana kuti ikwanise kutarisana nekufamba kwenguva refu kuenda kuchamhembe.

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti baleen whales haadye mukati merwendo rwese, izvo zvinoreva kushandiswa kwakakura kwesimba. Zvinowanzoitika kuti vakadzi vane vechidiki vanoyamwisa vanorasikirwa kusvika ku50% yehuremu hwavo hwemuviri. Ichi chibayiro chesimba chinoitwa kuti chibatsire kubereka, sezvo inofungidzirwa kuti mhuru dzinoberekwa uye dzinorerwa zviri nani mumvura inodziya, sezvo mumwaka wechando pane zvokudya zvishomanana zvinowanikwa mumvura yepolar.

Zvisinei, ma<em>bowhead whale, ma<em>killer whale, ma<em>beluga ne<em>narwhals anorera vana vawo mumvura idzi, zvichiita kuti masayendisiti ashamisike kuti ma<em>whale anogona kutama kuti abereke kure kure nemvura yepolar sezvinobvira kudzivirira hove dzinouraya, dzisingatami, dzisingarwi nokudyisa. pamhuru.

Chii chinonzi Predators of the Whales?

Killer whales uye mamwe mashaki anoonekwa seanonyanya kuuraya mawhale, uye, zviri pachena, zvevanhu. MuArctic, polar bears inogona kurwisa whales iyo inova yakabatikana. Mhuru dzemhondi dzinonyanya kurwisa mhuru, dzichironga mumapoka kuti dziparadzanise amai kubva kumhuru uye nokudaro dzinoita kurwisa kuri nani kune yekupedzisira. Pane dzimwe nguva, vanogonawo kurwisa vanhu vakuru kana vakaona kuti pane mukana wekubudirira.

whale marudzi

Heino rondedzero yezvipenyu zvewhale apo isu tinotsanangura akakosha maitiro eaya mahombe emvura emumvura:

Bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus)

Bowhead whales ane muviri muhombe wakakora usina dhiri. Dzine shaya dzakakura dzinodzibvumira kuchengeta ndebvu 300 dzakakura, dzinenge mamita matatu kureba. Muviri wayo wese mutema kusara kwekavara kakachena pachirebvu. Inofamba mumapoka ane mwero asingapfuure 3 vanhu, asi munzvimbo dzekudyisa vanogona kuumba mapoka makuru.

Ndiyo chete yakasiyana-siyana yewhale inopedza hupenyu hwayo hwose mumvura yepolar. Zvingangodaro kuti, kugara mumvura inotonhora kudaro, metabolism yaro inononoka, izvo zvinoita kuti ive mhuka ine hupenyu hurefu hunozivikanwa kusvika ikozvino, inosvika hupenyu hwemakore anenge 200. Saizi yewhale whale inosiyana zvichienderana nebonde, rume rakati diki pane vakadzi, rinosvika 20 metres pakureba, nepo varume vane kureba kwemamita gumi nemasere chete.

Vanhu vakuru vanogona kurema kusvika ku100 tons. Vana vaduku vanozvarwa vakareba mamita mana uye vanorema tani imwe chete. Vanodya crustaceans dzine mwero sekrill, uye madiki molluscs. Kufanana nehove inonzi baleen whale, inodya nekusefa mvura nemubhareen yayo uye kushandisa nzira yegobbling, kana kuti nekuronda pasi pegungwa ichibvongodza madhaka nemiswe yaro ichitsvaga makustaceans nemolluscs.

Sezvatatodudza, dzinogara gore rose mumvura ine polar, zvikurukuru mumvura dziri mu<em>arctic, munzvimbo yose ye<em>circumpolar, ndiko kuti, muArctic, kuchamhembe kweCanada neAlaska, kuchamhembe kweGreenland, uye kuchamhembe kweRussia. Kutama kwavo kunongogumira pakuperekedza mafambiro uye kudzoka kweaizi gore rose vachitsvaga chikafu. Maererano neInternational Union for Conservation of Nature, ma<em>bowhead whale akanyorwa semhuka dzine ngozi.

Southern kana Southern Right whale (Eubalaena australis)

Chinhu chinonyanya kusiyanisa chesouthern right whales kuvapo kwemakonzo mumusoro. Aya anoshanda ari muchimiro chemunwe, sezvo pasina mawhale maviri ane akafanana calluses. Aya anokura mukukura kwe fetal, uye azere neamphipod uye barnacle crustaceans. Basa rema calluses akadaro harizivikanwi.

Maitiro avo emagariro haazivikanwi, pamhenderekedzo yegungwa vanowanzoonekwa vari voga uye vari vaviri vaviri, kana seboka. Dzine ruvara rwechikamu chetriangular uye dzine grey-black muruvara, dzine grey-white calluses dzakasiyana, uye pasina kuvapo kwe dorsal fin. Muromo waro muhombe une ndebvu 450, imwe neimwe iri pakati pemamita maviri ne2 kureba.

Hukuru hwemaodzanyemba erudyi whales akatenderedza 16 metres, uye vakadzi vanogona kusvika 17 metres pakureba uye, kune rumwe rutivi, zvakajairika kuwana varume vanogona kusvika 15 metres pakureba. Vakuru vanosvika vachirema matani 40 kusvika ku 60. Pakusvika pasi rose, vaduku havatomboreri avhareji yemamita 4,5 kureba uye uremu hwavo matani maviri kusvika matatu. Southern right whales vanodya krill uye copepods nekusefa mvura yakavapoteredza.

Sezvinoratidzwa nezita ravo, vanogara kumaodzanyemba kwehemisphere. Tinogona kuzviwana muSouth Atlantic, South Indian, uye South Pacific. Kubva kumvura inodziya kusvika kumvura yeAntarctic, pasina kumbosvika kumvura dzinopisa dziri pedyo neequator. Zvishoma zvinozivikanwa nezvekutama kwavo, uye magumo avo mumwaka mukuru wekudya haazivikanwe. Sangano reInternational Union for Conservation of Nature rinoronga ma southern right whale semhando isinganyanyi kunetseka.

Glacial kana Northern Right Whale (Eubalaena glacialis)

Kufanana nehama dzawo dzokumaodzanyemba, ma<em>glacial right whales anonyanya kuzivikanwa nenhevedzano ye<em>calluses pamisoro yawo. Mumuromo mayo tinogona kuwana dzinenge 300 ndebvu dzemamita matatu kureba imwe neimwe. Pasinei nekuve mhuka dzakasiyana, glacial right whale ine muviri wakafanana, wakada kufanana, kumaodzanyemba right whale. Ruvara rwayo rwakaita katatu muchikamu, haina dorsal fin uye ine ruvara rwakati svibei kupfuura dze austral, dzinowanzova nhema, uye dzimwe dzine mavara machena pachirebvu nemudumbu.

Ave ari mamwe emarudzi akatambura chirango chikurusa mumazana emakore okuvhima, zvokuti anga ari pamucheto wokutsakatika panhambo dzisingaverengeki. Parizvino, iwo marudzi anonyanya kukonzeresa njodzi nekuda kwekudhumhana nengarava. Saizi ye glacial right whale inotangira pa14 kusvika ku18 metres kureba, uye uremu hwayo hunosiyana kubva pamatani makumi matatu kusvika makumi manomwe. Vanhukadzi vanowanzokura kudarika varume. Vechidiki vemhando iyi vanozvarwa nehukuru hwemamita mana uye huremu hwetani nehafu. Vanodya zooplankton, zvakadai semakopepods nehove dzehove, uye krill.

Sezvinongoita hama yayo yekumaodzanyemba, inofamba madaro akakura ichishambira zvishoma nezvishoma uye ichisefa mvura kuti iwane chikafu. Vanogara mumvura ine polar uye inodziya yeNorth Atlantic, kubva kumhenderekedzo yekumaodzanyemba kweGreenland kusvika kumhenderekedzo yekuchamhembe kweAfrica, uye kubva kumhenderekedzo yekumabvazuva kweUnited States uye kumahombekombe ekumadokero kweEurope (Norway, Great Britain, France neSpain. ), kwete pasina kupfuura equator. The glacial right whale yakarongwa semhuka dziri mungozi yokutsakatika neInternational Union for Conservation of Nature.

North Pacific Right Whale (Eubalaena japonica)

North Pacific right whale ndiyo mhuka yakaenzana neglacial right whale. Iine muviri muhombe, wakasimba wakasviba kana grey muruvara. Inoratidza mhando imwechete ye calluses semamwe marudzi erudyi whale. Haina dorsal fin uye ine nhevedzano yemavara machena padumbu.

North Pacific right whale inokwanisa kuyera kureba kwemamita gumi nemasere nehuremu hwematani makumi mapfumbamwe. Kufanana nemamwe mawhale, vakadzi vanowanzokura kupfuura varume. Pakuzvarwa, pwere dzine urefu hunosvika mamita mana uye huremu hunenge tani. Vanodya macrustaceans ane mwero akadai sekrill uye copepods nesefa kushambira pedyo nepamusoro. Sezvinoreva zita radzo, mhuka dzinoyamwisa idzi dzinogara kuNorth Pacific.

Sezvo vanhu vayo vakaderedzwa zvikuru, kuparadzirwa kwayo hakuzivikanwi noungwaru. Ivo vanoonekwa sekugara munzvimbo yeGungwa reBering uye Gulf yeAlaska, uye mune yakamanikana yakatwasuka bhendi kubva kuKamchatka Peninsula kuenda kuJapan. Mamiriro ekuchengetedza eNorth Pacific right whale akashata zvakanyanya, anotsanangurwa neInternational Union for the Conservation of Nature semhuka iri panjodzi yekutsakatika. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti huwandu hwayo hwese hahusvike 1000 vanhu.

Pygmy Right Whale kana Dwarf Right Whale (Caperea marginata)

Iyo pygmy right whale iwhale isinganzwisisike, iyo yakaoma zvikuru kuwana, saka hapana ruzivo rwemhando iyi. Sezvakangoita mafin whale, ine muviri wakareba uye mutete, umo inotakura diki mhezi. Ruvara rwemuviri wayo rwakasvibira kumusana uye grey padumbu. Pasinei nokuti inowanzonzi pygmy whale whale, whale iyi hairatidzi maitiro anowanzoitwa nemamwe marudzi ewhale whale anoratidza.

Pakati pese anozivikanwa baleen whale, pygmy right whale ndeye, kusvika nhasi, iduku kudarika. Vanhu vakuru vakareba mamita manomwe uye vanorema matani mana. Tsanangudzo pamusoro pehuremu uye kukura kwevana verudzi urwu hazvizivikanwi. Kufanana nehove dzakawanda dzebaleen, kudya kwavo kunoumbwa nekrill uye crustaceans ine mwero. Hazvizivikanwe zvakare kuti mawhale aya anodyira munzvimbo dzipi.

Iwo anowanikwa kumaodzanyemba kwehemisphere, aonekwa kumaodzanyemba kweArgentina muTierra del Fuego, Namibia neSouth Africa, uye kumhenderekedzo yekumaodzanyemba kweAustralia neNew Zealand. Sangano reInternational Union for Conservation of Nature harina data rakawanda rekuenzanisa mamiriro ekuchengetedza epygmy right whale populations.

Grey whale (Eschrichtius robustus)

Chinhu chinonyanya kusiyanisa chegrey whale ndechekuti miviri yavo yakafukidzwa nemabarnacles uye mamwe maparasitic crustaceans, ayo anowedzerwa mavanga akawanda. Vane ruvara rwakakura uye rwakakura kudarika rwemarorquals asi nhete kupfuura yewhale whale. Havana dorsal fin, uye musoro wavo wakarerekera pasi. Iyo baleen yegrey whale haisvike hafu yemamita pakureba.

Kumwe kutama kwenguva refu kwemhuka dzinoyamwisa kunozivikanwa, kubva kuMexico kuenda kuAlaska, ndiko kwegrey whale. Zvinoenderana neakasiyana mamolecular uye DNA zvidzidzo, grey whale inogona kuwanikwa padyo nefin whale pane kune mawhale. Ma<em>grey whale anoda kuziva zvokuti anoshinga kuswedera pedyo zvikuru nezvikepe. Dzinokwanisa kuyera kureba kwemamita gumi nemashanu uye huremu hunosvika matani makumi maviri, apo hadzi dzakati kurei kupfuura varume.

Pakuzvarwa dzinoyera dzinenge 4,5 metres uye huremu hunosvika tani nehafu. Iwo haaratidzi kunaka kukuru kana zvasvika pakudyisa, ari iwo ega mhuka dzinodya zvakananga mujecha nemadhaka, uko inosveta zvine mwero benthic crustaceans pamwe chete nehuwandu hunokosha hwedhaka nemvura iyo inozoburitsa gare gare pakati pebhareen. Dzinenge dzose dzinodya dzakarara nerutivi rwadzo rworudyi. Kare vaigona kuwanikwa mumakungwa eAtlantic nePacific, asi nhasi vanongogara mune yekupedzisira, kunyanya kuchamhembe nepakati pePacific pamhenderekedzo.

MuPacific Ocean mune mapoka maviri akasiyana egrey whales, imwe inogona kuwanikwa pakati pemvura yeJapan, Korea neKamchatka Peninsula uye imwe inogara pakati peAlaska neBaja California. Mamiriro ayo ekuchengetedza anogona kusiyana, sezvo grey whales ekumabvazuva kwemahombekombe ePacific anorondedzerwa se "zvisinganyanyi kunetseka", uye iwo emahombekombe ekumadokero ari munjodzi yekunyangarika maererano neInternational Union for Conservation of Nature. .

Fin Whales (Balaenoptera physalus)

Chinonyanya kukosha chefin whale ruvara rwayo, sezvo chikamu chayo chepamusoro chakasviba grey apo dumbu rayo rine ruvara rwakafanana asi rakati reru. Chinoita kuti ruvara rwayo ruve rwakasiyana ndechekuti ine kavara jena kudivi rekurudyi rezasi kwemusoro, asi kuruboshwe kune grey kana dema.

Sezvo iri whale, inoratidzira mhezi diki yepashure uye ine, kubva kumucheto kwechirebvu chayo kusvika kuguvhu rayo, ine mipete yeganda 50 kusvika ku80 inoibvumira kutambanudza ganda rayo uye kuwedzera vhoriyamu yemuromo wayo kuitira kuti inyote zvimwe zvekudya. . Munhu mukuru ane ndebvu 300 kusvika 400 dzinoyera 70 centimita pakureba imwe neimwe. Pane zvinyorwa zvinoratidza kuti mafin whale anogona kuwedzera hupenyu hwawo kusvika kumakore anoda kusvika zana.

Mushure meblue whale, fin whale inonzi imhuka hombe mhenyu. Hadzi dzinosvika 20 metres, uye vanhurume zvishoma. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti vanhu vakuru vanogona kurema matani 70. Mhuru dzeFin whale dzine urefu hwemamita 6.5 pakuzvarwa uye dzinorema tani nehafu. Kudya kwavo kunoumbwa nezvikoro zvehove dzine mwero, squid, uye ma<em>crustaceans maduku akadai sekrill. Panguva yekudya vanovhura miromo yavo uye vanoshambira nekukurumidza zvekuti, kana vangozara, vanoenderera mberi nekuivhara uye kuburitsa mvura kuburikidza nebhareen yavo.

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kana zvikoro zvakanyanya compact, whale inowanzonyura kuitira kurwisa kubva pasi. Fin whales imhando dzakasiyana-siyana dze baleen whale, tinogona kuzviwana mumvura yepolar pamwe nemumvura dzinopisa, uye kubva kumahombekombe kusvika kumakungwa makuru emakungwa ose epasi, uye kumadokero kweMediterranean. Sangano reInternational Union for Conservation of Nature rakatara fin whale semhuka iri mungozi yekutsakatika nekuda kwekuvhima uye kuramwa kwengarava.

Boreal kana Northern whale (Balaenoptera borealis)

Chinhu chinonyanya kushamisa che minke whale mavanga machena pamusana wayo. Muviri we minke whale unoratidza rima grey ruvara kumusana uye grey yakareruka padumbu. Dumbu radzo rakapeta mapfupi zvakanyanya uye maminiti, uye ndebvu dzadzo dzakatetepa kupfuura mazuva ese. Iko kune data shoma pamusoro peiyo whale sezvo isiri mhuka dzemahombekombe uye kuvaisa pamakungwa makuru kwakaoma, uye dzinenge ruzivo rwese rwakaunganidzwa rwunobva kuindasitiri yewhaling.

Iyo boreal whale ihove yakakura pakati nepakati, uko varume vayo vakuru vanosvika 18 metres uye vakadzi vanenge 20 metres. Huwandu hwehuremu hwemunhu mukuru hunoverengerwa pakati pe20 ne30 tons. Mwana pakuzvarwa ane hurefu hwemamita mana kusvika mashanu kusvika pahuremu hwetani imwe kana maviri.

Kufanana nemhashu dzekurudyi, mawhale whales anogara achishambira pamusoro pemvura achibata mhuka dzadzo, krill uye copepods, pane kusvetukira pasi pamhuka yavo sezvinoita manyowa mazhinji minke. Anogona kuwanikwa mumakungwa makuru epasi, anopisa, ane mwero, uye subpolar mvura. Kunyanya mumvura yakadzika kwazvo. Yakarongedzerwa kunge iri munjodzi yekunyangarika maererano neInternational Union for Conservation of Nature.

Bryde's whale (Balaenoptera brydei)

Hazvina zvakawanda zvinogona kutaurwa nezvehunhu hwemhando iyi, sezvo iri whale isingazivikanwe uye yakanyanya kuoma kuwana musango. Vanogara pedyo nemahombekombe. Chimiro chayo chechimiro chakafanana zvikuru neiyo boreal whale. Ine musoro wakapamhama uye mupfupi ine 40 kusvika 70 kupeta muganda rayo kukudza muromo wayo, pamwe chete nemhezi. Iyo pectoral fins ine mwero uye yakashongedzwa.

Ruvara rwayo kumusana ibluish-black uye dumbu rayo rakaita grey kana cream. Kwemakore akawanda zvaifungidzirwa kuti whale yeBryde uye tropical whale yakaumba mhando imwechete, asi zvidzidzo zvemazuva ano zvemajini zvakaratidza zvakasiyana, kuti imarudzi akasiyana. Saizi yaro inogona kusvika mamita gumi nemashanu pakureba uye inogona kurema matani makumi mana, paine misiyano mishoma pakati pevarume nevakadzi.

Pavanenge vaberekwa, vana vanosvika mamita mana, uye inofungidzirwa, asi hazvizivikanwi chaizvo, kuti uremu hwavo hunenge tani. Kudya kwayo kunosanganisira hove dzine mwero, squid uye crustaceans, inovhura muromo wayo painoshambira, kuti ivhare gare gare nekudzinga mvura pakati pendebvu dzayo. Anowanikwa mumvura dzakadzikama uye dzinopisa dzegungwa dzemakungwa ose enyika. Iko hakuna ruzivo rwakakwana kuti uongorore nemazvo mamiriro ekuchengetedza ewhale yaBryde.

Tropical Fin Whale (Balaenoptera edeni)

Pamwe chete neiyo Bryde whale, ruzivo rudiki ruripo nezve tropical whale, pamwe nekuti kusvika nguva pfupi yadarika vaionekwa semhando imwe chete. Iine diki dema grey ruvara kumusana uye chena padumbu. Iyo pectoral fins idiki uye ine stylized, uye mhezi yekumashure inoita kunge jeko. Zvimwe zviverengero zve<em>tropical whales hazvitami kana kuti kana zvakadaro ipfupi zvikuru, zvinogara gore rose munzvimbo imwe cheteyo. Ndiyo whale yechipiri diki, inosvika kuvakuru vayo isingaite mamita gumi nemaviri kureba ichirema matani gumi nemaviri.

Hapana humwe ruzivo nezvehukuru uye huremu hwevana vavo pakuzvarwa. Fin whales vanogadzira kudya kwavo pahove, crustaceans, uye cephalopods. Kungofanana nemawhale mazhinji, kuidya inorwisa mhuka yayo yakashama muromo, kuti gare gare kudzinga mvura yasara pakati pebhareen. Anowanikwa mumvura dzinodziya, dzinopisa dzePacific, Indian, uye Atlantic oceans. Sangano reInternational Union for Conservation of Nature harina dhata rakakwana rekurongedza nemazvo mamiriro ekuchengetedza etropical whale.

Fin whale kana Blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus)

Pasina mubvunzo chimiro chikuru cheblue whale ndechekuti inoonekwa semhuka hombe yati yambovapo maererano nezvinyorwa zvezvisaririra. Muviri waro wakakura wakareba uye wakashongedzwa une bluish grey muruvara, nekujeka kwakanyanya mudumbu. Musana wayo une tumavara wakafukidzwa nemavara akapfava. Vane ndebvu 300 kusvika ku400 kudivi rimwe nerimwe remuromo, ndebvu imwe neimwe ichiyera kureba kwemamita nehafu yemita yakafara. Pasi pemuromo vane 60 kusvika 90 kupeta kweganda. Pakukwira kumusoro, jeti yemhepo yavanoburitsa inogona kukwira anenge 10 metres.

Rudzi urwu ruri pakati pemawhale akareba-akararama, anorarama makore makumi mapfumbamwe kusvika zana. Nekuda kwehukuru hwadzo, mawhale emhondi chete anoshinga kuvarwisa. Sezvinoda kuziva, rurimi rwechisikwa ichi runogona kuva nehuremu hwakafanana nehwenzou, uye mwoyo wayo unogona kurema semotokari yakakura zviri pakati nepakati. Kuwedzera kune izvi, zvinoratidzwa kuti tsinga huru dzakafara zvokuti munhu anogona kushambira nepakati padzo.

Sezvatotaurwa, blue whale ndicho chisikwa chipenyu chikurusa chati chambovapo. Paavhareji vanosvika 25 kusvika 27 metres, uko vakadzi vakakura kupfuura varume. Chinyorwa chikuru chakasimbiswa chaiva chemuenzaniso wakasvika mamita makumi maviri nemapfumbamwe, kunyange zvazvo zvataurwa, asi zvisati zvasimbiswa, kuti zvienzaniso zvinodarika mamita makumi matatu zvakawanikwa. Kana toreva nezvouremu, paavhareji ma<em>blue whales akura anowanzorema kubva pamatani 29 kusvika ku30, chinyorwa chikuru chiri chiya chemuenzaniso wechikadzi akaredzwa anorema matani 100.

Vana verudzi urwu vane kureba kwemamita masere pakuzvarwa uye vanorema matani matatu. Dzinodzidzira mafambisirwo akafanana neakawanda emhungu, dzinorwisa nyama yadzinenge dzabatwa nokushama muromo wadzo muhombe, uye gare gare nebetsero yemhasuru dzomumuromo nedzorurimi, dzinobudisa mvura mumuromo nomubhereni, dzichibata pakati. zviuru zvezvienzaniso zvekrill, chikafu chavo chavanoda.

Iwo anowanikwa mumakungwa ese epasi kunze kweArctic uye makungwa ezasi seGungwa reMeditera. Aya mawhale anogara achiwanikwa munzvimbo dzakadzika dzemvura. Blue whale iri panjodzi yekutsakatika zvichienderana nedata kubva kuInternational Union for Conservation of Nature.

Aliblanco kana Minke Whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata)

Chinonyanya kuzivikanwa hunhu hwe minke whale kuvepo kwemutsara muchena pamativi maviri epectoral fins, zvisinei nekuti mune dzimwe nharaunda mitsetse yakadaro haipo. Minke whales ane musana mutema uye dumbu chena, nepo mativi awo ane grey muruvara.

Ine ndebvu 200 kusvika ku300 dzakareba masendimita makumi maviri nemashanu uye ganda rakapetwa 25 kusvika ku30 mumuromo mayo kuwedzera simba rayo pakudya. Sekuda kuziva, minke whales ndiwo mawhale anorema anozivikanwa. Iyo minke whale ndiyo diki whale, inosvika kureba kwemamita manomwe kusvika gumi, uko vakadzi vakakura, vachirema matani manomwe.

Pavanenge vazvarwa, vana vanoyera mamita maviri nehafu uye uremu hwavo hahuna kusvika patani. Minke whale inodya crustaceans ine mwero yakadai sekrill uye copepods, ichivatora mu baleen yavo nekudzinga mvura kubva mumiromo yavo. Iwo ari muPacific, Atlantic, uye Indian Oceans, munharaunda inoenderana nechamhembe hemisphere. Maererano neInternational Union for Conservation of Nature, minke whale haisi mhuka inotyisidzirwa uye inorondedzerwa semhando isinganyanyi kunetseka.

Austral Whales (Balaenoptera bonaerensis)

Maodzanyemba minke whale inofananidzwa neiyo minke whale, nepo iyo yekupedzisira inogona kuwanikwa kuchamhembe kwehemisphere, yekumaodzanyemba minke whale inongowanikwa kumaodzanyemba hemisphere. Munguva dzekare vaionekwa semhando imwe chete, saka hapana ruzivo rwakakwana rwemhando iyi. Iwo austral whales anoratidza muviri wakaderera pane mamwe marudzi emawhale. Musana wayo une grey/dark grey uye dumbu rayo rakachena.

Ndiyo imwe yehove duku kudarika iyo inogara mumakungwa edu, uye, kufanana neminke whale, inosvika kureba kwe7 kusvika ku10 uye uremu hwe5 kusvika ku9 toni. Semafin whales ese, hadzi dzawo dzakakura kupfuura hono. Vana vaduku vakareba mamita maviri kusvika matatu pakuberekwa uye vanorema tani.

Minke whales vanovakira kudya kwavo pakrill uye madiki copepods. Panguva yokudya, inodzimedza pamwe chete nemvura yakawanda, iyo inobva yabudisa nendebvu dzayo. Sezvatotaurwa, minke whales inogona kuwanikwa kumaodzanyemba kwehemisphere, muAtlantic, Indian, Pacific mvura uye, sezviri pachena, mumvura yeAntarctic. Sangano reInternational Union for Conservation of Nature harina data rakakwana kuti riongorore nemazvo mamiriro ekuchengetedza vanhu vayo.

Omura's whale (Balaenoptera omurai)

Omura's whale rudzi ruchangobva kuwanikwa. Kwemakore akawanda yakavhiringidzika neiyo Bryde whale, zvisinei muna 2003, nekuda kwekuongororwa kwemajini emhando dzakasungwa nehove, zvakaziviswa kuti dzakanga dzisiri mawhale aBryde, asi dzakasiyana dzisingazivikanwi dzavakapa zita rewhale. Tichifunga nezveutsva hwavo, hapana kana chero ruzivo rwakakosha nezve whale dzaOmura.

Zvinozivikanwa kuti imhuka dziri dzoga dzine hunhu hwefin whale, dzakarebesa uye dzakashongedzwa nemusana wakasviba kupfuura dumbu. Omura's whale vanhu vakuru havapfuuri mamita gumi nemaviri pakureba. Hapana humwe ruzivo pamusoro pehuremu hwevakuru kana hukuru uye uremu hwemapupi achangoberekwa. Nekuda kwekuvapo kwebaleen, zvinofungidzirwa kuti vanodya krill uye madiki copepods vachishandisa nzira imwechete semamwe marudzi emawhale.

Kuonekwa uye kutorwa kwakanyorwa mumvura yakatenderedza Indonesia, Thailand, China neJapan. Kazhinji, zvakaonekwa zvakaitika pamhenderekedzo yeWestern Pacific. Hazvizivikanwe kuti kutama kwavo kunotevera nzira ipi, kana kuti ndedzipi nzvimbo dzekudyisa nekuberekesa. Sezvo iri mhando ichangobva kuwanikwa, hapana data yakakwana yekukodzera mamiriro ekuchengetedza ehuwandu hweOmura whale.

Humpback whale kana Yubarta (Megaptera novaeangliae)

Chinhu chinonyanya kusiyanisa chehumpback whale ihombe chena yepectoral fins, iyo yakawanda kupfuura yese cetaceans. Vane muviri wakasimba, musoro uzere nemapundu uye ine mwero wepashure pekupedzisira kwemuviri wavo. Muviri wayo unoratidza ruvara rutema kumusana uye dumbu rinogona kuve dema, grey, kana chena.

Iyo caudal fin itema kumusoro uye chena pazasi, iine makwapa akawanda munzvimbo chena, ayo anoumba mapatani asingadzokoroke. Vatsvakurudzi vanoshandisa maitiro aya kuti vaone humpback whales. Mahumpback whale ane ganda rakapetwa ka15 kusvika ku25 pasi pemuromo uye 200 kusvika 400 mabhareen kudivi rimwe nerimwe remuromo.

Ndiwo mawhale ayo, kubva pakuona kwesainzi, akanyanyodzidzwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekuwanda kwawo uye nehunhu hwawo hwekuda kuziva, izvo zvaita kuti vaswedere kune ngarava kuti dzisnoop. Seruzivo rwekuda kuziva, nekuda kweaya mawhale bhizinesi rakaumbwa rakatenderedza maonero avo, kubva pakuve "kusvetuka" whales, kusvetuka kwavo kukuru uye kwakajairika kwakaonekwa sekukwezva kukuru kwevashanyi.

Humpback whale inosvika kureba kwemamita gumi nerimwe kusvika ku11 uye inorema matani 16, apo hadzi dzakakura kupfuura varume. Mahumpback whale achangozvarwa akareba mamita 35 uye anorema tani imwe kusvika kumatani maviri. Kudya kwavo kunobva pakrill nehove diki uye invertebrates. Kana zvasvika pakudyisa, vanoshandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana. Zvinonyanya kushamisa ndezvokuomerwa nemuswe uye bubble net.

Zvinoshamisa ndezvokurova mvura nepectoral kana caudal fins, kuitira kuti ruzha rwazvinobudisa runokatyamadza hove nokudaro kuti zvive nyore kudzibata. The bubble net iboka rekurwisa, imwe kana akati wandei sampuli inoshambira ichitenderedza chikoro chehove, ichidziputira mububble net inodzingwa nemawhale. Kana chikoro chacho chanyatsogadzirwa, ma<em>whale akawanda anobuda pakadzika ari mutsetse wakatwasuka uye akashama miromo yawo achimedza chikoro chose chehove mukurumwa kumwe.

Iyo humpback whale yakasiyana-siyana yakasiyana-siyana, sezvo inogona kuwanikwa mumakungwa ose epasi, zvose zviri pedyo nemhenderekedzo uye kure navo. Sangano reInternational Union for Conservation of Nature rakaronga ma<em>humpback whale semhando isinganyanyi kunetseka.

Sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus)

Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha chesperm whale ndechekuti ine uropi hukuru muhumambo hwemhuka uye ndiyo hombe inozivikanwa odontocete cetacean. Inobatawo zita rekuve chisikwa chikuru chine mazino pasi rose, uye imwe yemhuka dzinoyamwisa dzinosvika pakadzika dzika. Musoro wayo ndechimwe chinhu chinoshamisa chesperm whale, sezvo isingaendi usingaonekwi nekuda kwekukura kwayo uye shaya yaro diki uye nhete yepasi kana ichienzaniswa nemusoro wayo wakakura. Masperm whale ane mazino makumi maviri kusvika makumi matatu kudivi rega rega reshaya yezasi.

Muviri wayo unoratidza kunyange grey coloration kunyangwe dzimwe nguva ichigona kuita kunge brown. Muviri wayo wakafukidzwa nemavanga angangove akakonzerwa nemhuka yayo, giant squid. Hupenyu hunotarisirwa hwemasperm whale hunofungidzirwa kusvika makore makumi manomwe. Kufanana nemaodontocetes mazhinji, inoshandisa echolocation kuona mhuka uye kufamba. Masperm whale ane nhengo inokosheswa zvakanyanya neiyo whaling indasitiri, iyo spermaceti, iyo mabasa ayo asina kutsanangurwa, asi inotendwa kuti ine chekuita nebuoyancy uye echolocation.

Masperm whale akura anogona kureba mamita gumi nemashanu kusvika makumi maviri, achirema matani makumi mashanu nemashanu. Mukusiyana nemawhale ebaleen, mahombe ehurume ehurume akakura kupfuura vakadzi. Vana vaduku, pavanenge vaberekwa, vanoyera mamita mana, huremu hunenge tani nehafu. Kudya kwavo kunobva pahove yakadzika-gungwa uye cephalopods. Ndiyo mhuka inonyanya kukosha yegiant squid ine mukurumbira.

Hazvinyatsozivikanwi kuti vanovhima sei, asi maererano nemavanga aripo pamiviri yavo, zvinonzi kunetsana kwavo nemhuka dzavo kwakakura zvikuru. Sperm whales inogona kuwanikwa mumakungwa ese epasi uye muGungwa reMeditera, zvese zviri pedyo nemahombekombe uye kure nazvo. Kazhinji, vanosarudza mvura yakadzikama uye inopisa, kunyange zvazvo zvichibvira kutarisa muenzaniso pedyo nematanda. Sangano reInternational Union for Conservation of Nature rinoronga sperm whale semhuka iri kutyisidzirwa uye ine ngozi.

Evolution

Kwemamiriyoni emakore, whales vakapedza hupenyu hwavo hwose mumvura, zvisinei, zvinofungidzirwa kuti idzi cetaceans dzakambove nekukwanisa kufamba panyika. Iyi fungidziro yakavakirwa pachokwadi chekuti imhuka dzinoyamwisa uye mamiriro ekuti akawanda akasara emadzitateguru emawhale akawanikwa. Mazhinji eaya ma<em>prehistoric whales akafanana muzvinhu zvakawanda nema<em>whale anhasi, asi zvisikwa zvakadaro pasina mubvunzo zvaikwanisa kufamba panyika, pamwe nekufamba mumvura.

Mamiriro epanyika angadai akavamanikidza kurarama kwenguva refu mumvura. Zvingangodaro kuti vaiva nezvinetso zvokuwana zvokudya panyika, kupisa kungave kwaiva mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, ma<em>whale haana mvere, uye mvura ingave yakavapa nzvimbo yokutonhorera uye kuwana zvokudya kuti vararame. Kutenda kunguva nemhindumupindu, migumo yavo yakachinjwa, ichivapa kudzora kukuru pakufamba kwavo mumvura.

Pane dzimwe nguva dzegore, mvura yacho yaitonhora zvikuru zvokuti ma<em>whale aisakwanisa kurarama sezvo ari zvisikwa zvine ropa rinodziya, saka akagadzira nzira dzokutama. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti ma<em>whale aimbove nezvigunwe uye mahwanda, uye nekufamba kwenguva, zvisingadi zvinhu izvi, akazova chimwe chinhu chaaigona kushandisa.

Madzitateguru emawhale pasina mubvunzo aive nenyika. Humbowo husingarambiki hweizvi ndehwekuti dzine mapapu uye dzinoda kufema mweya wemuchadenga. Humwe humbowo hwekare kwayo kwepasi hunowanikwa muskeleton yayo, umo zvimbi zvepectoral zviine mapfupa enhengo yepasi, akafanana nemaoko. Pamusoro pazvo, mumawhale anhasi unogona kuona nhengo yakareruka yaive pelvic bone (iyo inoratidza kuvepo kwemakumbo nemakumbo).

Inofungidzirwa kuti mawhale aivepo kweanenge mamiriyoni makumi mashanu emakore, yekutanga yemazuva ano baleen whales yakabuda pakati peMiocene, anenge mamiriyoni gumi nemashanu apfuura. Kune rumwe rutivi, odontocetes yemazuva ano yakabuda zvishoma kare, mukutanga kweMiocene, anenge mamiriyoni makumi maviri emakore apfuura.

Zvizhinji zvezvatakakwanisa kuratidzira maererano nekushanduka kwemawhale zvakauya pamwe chete mumakore makumi maviri nemashanu apfuura, nekuda kwekuferefetwa kwepaleontologist Phil Gingerich, uyo akawana masara ematehenya uye mapfupa akanyanya kukosha akatsigira dzidziso iyi. nezvekushanduka-shanduka kwemawhale. Zvinyorwa zvezvisaririra zvinoramba zvichinyorwa, kuitira kuti ruzivo rwakadai rugovane.

Pachine zvakawanda zvatisingazive nezvekushanduka kwemawhale. Nekuda kweizvozvo, zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti hazvisi zvese zvaunoverenga nezvenyaya yacho zvine chokwadi uye zvinogona kuchinja sezvo ruzivo rutsva rwunodzidzwa uye matekinoroji matsva anowanikwa. Kudzidza nezvekushanduka-shanduka kwemawhale inzira yakanaka yekudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pemawhale muhuwandu, saka iva nechokwadi chekuisa parutivi nguva yekuwedzera kuongorora.

Old Whaling Indasitiri

Kubva payakatanga, ingangoita mireniyumu yapfuura, indasitiri yewhaling yakave nenhoroondo refu uye ine gakava. Pane zvinyorwa kare Kristu asati azvarwa, kuti vagari vekure vepasi redu vakatotora mukana wemawhale aive akasungirirwa kudyiwa nevanhu. Kwakanga kusati kuri kutozosvikira pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechi XNUMX apo indasitiri yokubata whaling yakatangwa.

Nguva yaro yakaipisisa yaive zana ramakore rechi1200, apo kudiwa kwezviwanikwa zvewhale kwakakwira, zvichiisa mungozi huwandu hwemhuka huru idzi. Zvamazvirokwazvo, pari zvino, vanhu vachiri mugadziriro yokunaya mukupondwa kwezana ramakore rapfuura. Zvinotendwa kuti kutengeserana kwekutanga muzvigadzirwa zvakatorwa kubva kumawhale zvakatanga gore raXNUMX pamahombekombe eSpain neFrance, nemaBasques ari iwo mapiyona ekuona kugona kwebhizinesi iri.

Pakasvika mavambo ezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, Britain, Netherlands, US, nedzimwe nyika dzakanga dzava kutorwira kutonga nzvimbo dzakanakisisa dzokubata whale. Hapana chikamu chemawhale chakaregeredzwa. Chigadzirwa chikuru uye chaibatsira zvakanyanya aive mafuta ewhale aiwanikwa nekudziisa mafuta awo, pundutso yawo yaiita mari yakawanda zvekuti panguva idzodzo yaizivikanwa se "liquid gold" yeindasitiri yewhaling.

Mafuta aya aishandiswa kugadzira zvisingaperi zvezvigadzirwa zvakaita sesipo, pendi, mafuta emuchina, shampoos, nezvimwe. Uyezve, chaive chinhu chakakosha pakuvheneka marambi emafuta aibatidza dzimba dzepanguva iyoyo. Chimwe chigadzirwa chakakosha chakawanikwa kubva kumawhale yaive baleen, iyo yaishandiswawo mune zvakawanda zvigadzirwa senge bristles yemabhurashi, maamburera mapango, hove tsvimbo, nezvimwe.

Iyo fashoni yezana ramakore reXIX ingadai isina kuita sezvayaive, dai yakanga isiri iyo baleen yewhales, iyo yaisanganisirwa sekusimbisa mune corsets, mumaketi, uye yakatoshandiswa sechinhu chekunaka kune bvudzi serubatsiro. kuve nechokwadi uye kuchengetedza mabvudzi akaoma enguva iyoyo. Nyama yezvipuka zvemumvura izvi yaisadyiwa zvakanyanya muEurope, kunze kwekunge panguva yenzara, kana semunguva dzehondo, saka yakawanda yaishandiswa sekudya kwemhuka.

Ganda racho raishandiswa kugadzira tambo, zvigaro, mabhegi, shangu, nezvimwe. Ropa chaive chikamu chakakosha chemasoseji, mafetireza uye zvinonamira. Chigadzirwa chaikosheswa zvikuru panguva iyoyo chaiva ambergris, namo inobuda muura hwe<em>sperm whale uye inobuda yoga. Inosanganisira kunyanya ambrein, chinhu chakafanana necholesterol, iyo, kana yaiswa mumhepo, inowedzera uye inoyangarara, saka kuunganidza kwayo kuri nyore kwazvo.

Kuwana ambergris kwakanga kwakafanana nokuhwina rotari, sezvo mazakwatira emari akabhadharwa nokuda kwayo. Yakanga ichishandiswa zvakanyanya pakurapa zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana, senge indigestion, asi yainyanya kufarirwa seyakagadziriswa muzvinonhuwira uye zvizoro. Mabhonzo haanawo kusunungurwa kubva pakushandiswa post-mortem, ma whalers akafanana aipedza nguva yavo achiveza nekushongedza, uye akagadzira chess zvimedu, mabhatani, mifananidzo yekushongedza, mitsipa, nezvimwe. Sekuda kuziva, maScandinavians akashandisa ura sechitsividzo chegirazi rehwindo.

Ikozvino Whale Fishing

Whaling nhasi iri pasi pekutonga kwakanyanya uye kudzorwa kupfuura kare. International Whaling Commission yakasikirwa chinangwa ichi. Kutanga kwesangano iri kwakambonetsa, kubva pavakatanga kusimudzira indasitiri iyi, izvo zvakakonzera kuti marudzi mazhinji ave pedyo nekutsakatika. Sezvineiwo, gare gare vakatamira kune chinangwa chekudzivirira mawhale uye muna 1982 vakagadzirisa kumisa kusingagumi muindasitiri yewhaling, kunyangwe vakasiya zvinhu zvakawanda zvisina kudzorwa.

Vamwe vanhu verudzi rwechiAborigine vakaita semaInuit muCanada, nedzimwe nharaunda diki muAlaska, Indonesia neRussia, vakabvumidzwa kuvhima mawhale akawanda pagore, sezvo nzanga idzi dzine mwero dzichirarama nemawhale uye dzichitsamira padziri kuti dzirarame. kupona. Sezvo vazhinji vanotoziva, nyika huru dzemaindasitiri dzinobata whaling iNorway, Iceland, Japan, neDenmark, kunyanya Faroe Islands.

Kunze kwezvitsuwa zveFaroe, uko ma<em>pilot whale anoredzwa pamutambo unonzi grindadráp, dzimwe nyika dzakambotaurwa dzinovhima mawhale chete. Norway yaipesana zvakanyanya nekumisa, uye sezvatatotaura, kumisa uku kwakasiya zvinhu zvakawanda zvakamirira, saka kupokana nazvo, maererano nemirairo yekomisheni, inotenderwa kuvhima whale zviri pamutemo. Nhamba dzepagore dzeNorway dzakatenderedza mazana mashanu whales, kunyanya minke whales.

Pakutanga, Japan yaipokanawo nekumiswa uku, asi gare gare yakamisazve kuvhima kwayo sekutora kwe "zvidzidzo zvesainzi", kuti itore mukana weimwe nzira yepamutemo yeInternational Whaling Commission, buri rinoita kuti zvikwanisike kuvhima munhu asingaverengeki. nhamba yemawhale ane "zvinangwa zvesainzi". Nekuda kweizvi, Japan inogona kubata hove mawhale avanoda, kufungidzira kubatwa kwegore negore mumufananidzo wakapoteredza mazana mana ezvienzaniso, izvo zvinosiyana gore rega rega uye izvo zvinofanirwa kuwedzerwa kubata kunoenderana nevanobata zvisiri pamutemo uye kubata kusiri kuziviswa.

Kunyanya vanobata hove dzakasiyana-siyana dzakasiyana-siyana dzefin whales uye sperm whales nechinangwa che "kuongorora basa ravo mune ecosystem," asi iyo yose nyama inoguma pamusika. Norway neJapan ndidzo nyika dzepamusoro dzinobata whaling, asi kutanga muna 2008 Iceland yakabatana nechikwata ichi nekutangazve whaling nezvikamu zvepagore zve100 minke uye 150 fin whales. Parizvino, zvinotevera zvigadzirwa zvinowanikwa kubva kumawhale:

• Whale mafuta ekushandisa mumaindasitiri
• Ambergris yekunhuhwirira
• nyama yekudyiwa nevanhu
• Spermaceti yeindasitiri yezvizorwa
• Endocrine glands uye chiropa chemishonga, vitamini A, mahomoni, nezvimwe.

Whales muKutapwa

Kune mawhale anorarama kwenguva refu uye achifara ari muhusungwa. Mazhinji enzvimbo idzi anoita kuti zvive nyore kune vaongorori kuti vanzwisise zvakawanda nezve zvisikwa izvi, kuti vakwanise kutevedzera zviri nani maitiro avo munzvimbo yerudzi urwu. Mamwe marudzi e<em>whale anochengetwa ari muusungwa kuti abatsire kuwedzera nhamba dzawo sezvo mamwe akavhimwa kusvika pakutsakatika, uye izvi zvinotora nguva zvikuru.

Kune vazhinji vedu hazvishamisi kuziva kuti kune mawhale ari muusungwa, munzvimbo dzakadai semvura, nzvimbo dzinozivikanwa dzevashanyi dzinobvumira vana nevakuru kuti vafungisise nezvezvisikwa izvi zvinoshamisa uye panguva imwe chete kunzwisisa zvinodiwa kuti vazvidzivirire. Havasi vanhu vese vanotsigira kuchengetedzwa kwewhale muusungwa, vazhinji havaoni sekwakanaka kuvachengeta muhusungwa nekuda kwezvinangwa zvakadaro.

Nyanzvi zhinji dzakaona kuti nehunyanzvi huripo, mawhale anogona kudzidzwa munzvimbo yaanogara. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti, kunyange nemamiriro akanyanya kunaka ekutapwa, maitiro avo anochinja zvinoshamisa. Whales haaratidze mamwe maitiro akafanana muusungwa ayo aaizoratidza musango, nekutama kuri imwe yemhando huru isingagone kudzokororwa mukutapwa.

Nyeredzi dzinoonekwa sedzinotakura kudikanwa kwekutama mukati madzo, saka hadzigone kuberekana zviri nyore mukutapwa. Imwe nyaya ndeyokuti vanomanikidzwa kugara mumapoka akatsiga muutapwa uye kwete nechisarudzo sezvavaizongoita. Dzimwe nguva zvisikwa izvi zvinokuvara, uye zvinogona kusararama zvega. Nekuvachengeta vari muhusungwa kwenguva yakati kuti tine imwe nzira yekubudirira kuvadzosera kunharaunda yavo.

Vamwe vaizoparara kana vakadzoka vasina kurapwa zvechigarire uye vanofanira kuramba vari muusungwa kweupenyu hwavo hwose. Vadiki, pane dzimwe nguva, vanosiiwa nekuda kwerufu rwaamai vavo uye, kana vakasaiswa muhusungwa, vanogona kufa. Hapana nhamburiko inoregedzerwa kuchengetedza nhapwa dzakatapwa munzvimbo yakasikwa-yakafanana sezvo dzichiratidza kusafara mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, kurega kudya uye kukwirana.

Imwe tsvakiridzo inoratidza kuti kutapwa kunogona kuve njodzi kumawhale sezvo paine mukana wakakura wekuti anoparara kana asangana nemabhakitiriya. Zvechokwadi, kuvapo kwewhale kunogona kupfupiswa nemakumi emakore akawanda nekusava musango. Zvinodhura zvakanyanya kuva newhale muusungwa. Mazhinji emasangano aya anopa whale kutarisa uye kunyange zviratidzo. Mari inounganidzwa kuti ipinde kunoona zvinokwezva zvakadaro kuitira kubhadhara mari yekuchengetedza zvisikwa zvakadaro. Kakawanda, mutengo wezvokudya woga unogona kukwira kusvika kuzviuru zvemadhora pazuva.

Mamwe mapurogiramu anobva pamipiro uye mipiro yakavanzika iyo mari inovharwa. Iwe unozogona kudzidza kuti mari yakawanda inoiswa mukuedza kuchengetedza whale muhusungwa. Makakatanwa anoenderera mberi pamusoro pezvinofanira kana kusafanira kuitwa kwavari. Isu tinozvipira here kuedza kwedu kuvachengeta munzvimbo yavo vakachengeteka kubva mukubatwa zvisiri pamutemo? Kana kuti tinoedza kuvadzivirira vari muzviverengero zvakaderera mukutapwa here?

Dzivirira maWhale kuti adzivirire Planet

Whales dzinozivikanwa semhuka huru uye dzakangwara kwazvo mugungwa. Nhasi, nyanzvi dzezvipenyu zvemugungwa dzakaratidza kuti dzinoteyawo matani ecarbon kubva mumhepo, rubatsiro rune kukosha kwehupfumi hwepasi rose hweUS $ 1 trillion, sekutsvagurudza kwakaburitswa neInternational Monetary Fund.

Ichi chidzidzo chitsva chinoratidza kuti kukurudzira kwemari kunowedzerwa mukuchengetedza mawhale, sezvo kugona kwavo kubata kabhoni kubudiswa nevanhu kunoumba mhinduro chaiyo yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. "Iyo kabhoni sequestration kugona kwemawhale inoshamisa," vanyori vekudzidza vanocherekedza. “Kufungidzira kwedu kwechinyakare kunoisa kukosha kweavhareji yewhale hombe, maererano nemabasa ayo akasiyana, inopfuura US$2 miriyoni, uye yehuwandu huripo hwehove huru inopfuura US$1 bhiriyoni,” vanowedzera.

Aya macetaceans makuru anochengeta kabhoni mumiviri yavo mukati mekurarama kwavo kwese, iyo inogona kugara kusvika kumakore mazana maviri. Pavanoparara, vanodonha pasi pegungwa votora iyo CO200 yese. Maererano nokutsvakurudza, whale imwe neimwe inobata matani 2 ecarbon dioxide. Munguva imwecheteyo, muti unogona chete kuchengetedza 33% yehuwandu ihwohwo.

Munzvimbo iyo mawhale aripo, pachavawo ne phytoplankton. Izvi zvipenyu zvine mwero zvinoburitsa 50% yeokisijeni yese yemuchadenga. Vanoteyawo matani ane mamiriyoni 37.000 XNUMX ecarbon dioxide, ndiko kuti, vanopeta nekakapetwa katatu masango ose eAmazonia. Madonhwe ewhale ane simba rekuwanza pa phytoplankton, sezvo akaumbwa nesimbi nenitrogen, zvikamu izvo phytoplankton inoda kukura; zvinoreva kuti kana mawhale akawanda, okisijeni yakawedzera.

“Izvo zvinoshumwa neInternational Monetary Fund zvinonyatsoratidza kubatana kunoshamisa pakati pezvimwe zvipuka zvidiki nezvikuru papasi redu, uye kukosha kwekunzwisisa masangano azvo akaomarara, kwete nekuda kwekukosha kwazvo, asiwo nekuda kwebasa razvo rakakosha vanhu,” akadaro Doreen Robinson, nyanzvi yemhuka dzesango kuUnited Nations Environment Programme.

Whale vanhu nhasi vangori chidimbu chezvavaimbova. Vanodzidza nezvezvinhu zvipenyu vanofungidzira kuti kune vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni 1,3 chete mumakungwa, chikamu chimwe muzvina chezvaiwanzovapo pasati paitika whaling. Huwandu hwemamwe marudzi, senge blue whale, hwakaderedzwa kusvika 3%. Kuti tichengetedze uye tidzivirire mhuka dzinokura zvikuru idzi, tinofanira kuderedza njodzi dzavanosangana nadzo.

Imwe nzira yekuita izvi ndeye kushandisa UN-REDD chirongwa chemhando yekudzivirira sango. Danho iri rinopa nyika kukurudzira kuchengetedza masango adzo senzira yekuchengeta carbon dioxide kubva mumhepo. Kutemwa kwemasango ndiko kunokonzeresa 17% yezvinobuda kabhoni nhasi.

'Saizvozvowo, nzira dzemari dzinogona kugadzirwa kuti dzikurudzire kuzadzazve kwehuwandu hwemawhale pasi rose,' vanyori veongororo vakacherekedza. “Kurudziro nenzira yerubatsiro kana mimwe muripo inogona kubatsira avo vanogona kudhurirwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekuchengetedza mawhale. Semuyenzaniso, makambani anotakura ngarava anogona kuripwa nemutengo wekushandura nzira dzawo kuti dzideredze njodzi yekudhumhana”, vanodaro.

Nemhedzisiro yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze ekuwedzera kusimba uye kuwanda, matanho echimbichimbi anofanirwa kutorwa kudzivirira kana kudzosera kukuvadzwa kwehuwandu hwezvisikwa izvi. Vatsvakurudzi vanoverenga kuti, kunze kwekunge nzira itsva dzekuchengetedza dziripo, zvinogona kutora makore anopfuura 30 kuwedzera kaviri nhamba yehove nhasi. "Sosaiti uye kupona kwedu chaiko hakugone kumirira kwenguva yakareba kudaro," vanyori vakadaro.

Whale muTsika

Zvichida nyaya inonyanya kuzivikanwa nezvemawhale inobva muBhaibheri. Munyaya yaJona nehove, Jona anotsamwira Mwari uye anotsauka kubva kwaari, akatsamwa nekushaikwa kwetsitsi kwevanhu vake. Ari mungarava nevamwe vafambisi vezvikepe, Jona anotuka dutu rinotyisa rinodzivisa kuvapo kwomunhu ari wose arimo.

Jonás anokandwa mumvura ane ngozi yokufa, asi anomedzwa nehove huru iyo achagara mukati memazuva matatu. Ndiyo nguva iyoyo apo Jona anoona kuti Jehovha haana kumuponesa uye kuti ane mukana wekuchinja maitiro ake. Mwari achigutsikana nezvakasarudzwa naJona, anokumbira hove kuti imusvire.

Ipapo Jehovha anotuma Jona kuti aite basa nokuda kwavanhu vake, kuti aparidze pamusoro poruponeso rwaMwari uye nzira iri nani yokurarama nayo upenyu hwavo. Pane zvakawanda zvinogona kudzidzwa munyaya yaJona nehove, kuva anoshivirira netsitsi, pamusoro pengoni dzoumwari uye pesvedzero yaMwari pachinhu chipi nechipi kana kuti mamiriro ezvinhu.

Mune dzimwe nyaya pamusoro pemawhale, haaratidzi sevaponesi, asi sekutyisidzira. Kune zvisingaverengeki zviitiko zvemawhale akakuvadzwa nengarava huru dzavanogovana nadzo makungwa, mune dzimwe dzenyaya idzi mawhale anoda kutsiva. Vanozviita nekuda kwehasha here? Nyanzvi dzinodavira kuti imhaka yokuti chimiro cheuropi hwehove chakafanana nechomunhu. Vamwe vanofunga kuti zvine chekuita neruzivo rwavo, uye vanoona chikepe sekutyisidzira, icho chitsva kune cetaceans sezvo vasina mhuka dzinodya.

Kune rumwe rutivi, iwe uchaona kuti hazvisi zvose ndezvechokwadi paunoverenga whale Chronicles. Nekudaro, inomiririra mukana wakakura wekuongorora dzimwe pfungwa dzekare, kuongorora zvinhu zvakapa pfungwa dzakadaro munguva yakapfuura, uye vanozove nekugona kugadzira yavo yekubvisa pamusoro pehuwandu hukuru hweruzivo.

Iyo whale yakagara ichiratidzwa kwatiri sechikara chegungwa chakarwisa varume munhoroondo dzemarudzi akasiyana-siyana. Ane chisimba zvakaenzana iwhale kubva mubhuku rinonzi Moby Dick (anozivikanwawo seMocha Dick) anova anoshuva kumunhu ari munyaya iyoyo. Zvisinei, takahucherekedzawo sorudzi urwo munhu anofanira kuva nehanya narwo. Nhasi, kune masangano mazhinji anga achitarisira kuchengetedza nekuchengetedza idzi cetaceans. Muna 2016, Argentina yakapa 200-peso bhiri ine nhamba yekumaodzanyemba whale.

Iwe unogona zvakare kufarira mune izvi zvimwe zvinyorwa:

• Whale Hunhu
• Mawhale anotaurirana sei?
• Mawhale anodyei?