Wakambozvibvunza here kuti makirasi mangani kana mhando dzetsoko dziripo panyika? Zvakanaka, mhinduro kumubvunzo iwoyo inoshamisa, nokuti kune marudzi akawanda etsoko, dzakawanda zvokuti kune kunyange kusarudzwa kwevakanaka zvikuru, vakashata, vane ushamwari uye kunyange avo vane maitiro anoshamisa. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, tinokukoka iwe kuti uverenge chinyorwa ichi, kuti udzidze zvakawanda pamusoro pemakirasi avo, mazita, maitiro, tsika nezvimwe.
Tsoko
Kune mhando dzakawanda dzetsoko, asi isu tichatanga nekutaura kuti imhuka dzinoyamwisa, pamwe nemaape e infraorder Simiiformes. Iri izwi ndiro rinoshandiswa rinotsanangura kureva mapoka enyati, pasina iro rine revo yekuti itsoko dziri munyika itsva kana mhuri dzetsoko dziri munyika yekare.
Zvinowanzoitika kuti marudzi akawanda etsoko anogara mumiti, kunyange zvazvo kune marudzi anogara pasi, sezvakaita makudo. Mhando dzakawanda dzetsoko zvakare diurnal mhuka, zvichireva kuti vari kushingaira masikati. Tsoko dzinowanzotsanangurwa semhuka dzakangwara, kunyanya kana zvasvika kune tsoko dziri munyika yekare.
Lories, galagos uye lemurs haasi marudzi etsoko, kunyange zvazvo ari bosterous primates. Mupfungwa imwe chete netsoko, tarsi inyani; asi hazvirevi kuti itsoko. Tsoko, kusanganisira matsoko, dzinosiyana nemamwe maprimate pakuti hadzi dzine matinji maviri chete epa pectoral, hono dzine mboro yakashata uye hadzina nyebvu dzinonzwa.
Mhando uye Zvisikwa
Nekuda kwetsananguro yapfuura, isu tave kuziva kuti hadzisi dzese primate dzatinogona kuona itsoko. Kuti muverengi ave neruzivo rwekuti ndeapi marudzi emaprimates ari, tinokuunzira rondedzero ine hunyanzvi hwemhando dzinozivikanwa dzetsoko dziripo panyika.
Tsoko yePygmy Marmoset
Pamhando dzetsoko, tsoko yepygmy marmoset (Cebuella pygmaea) imhando diki-diki inova yenyika itsva uye inowanikwa kumasango anogara achipisa ari kumavirira kweAmazon kuSouth America. Urwu ndirwo rudzi rwetsoko dzinoonekwa nekuve diki uye zvakare imwe yediki primates papasi, inorema kutenderedza 100 magiramu, ayo anenge 3,5 ounces.
Kazhinji nzvimbo yaro inogona kunge iri mumasango emasango akasvibira, kunyanya kumahombekombe enzizi uye, kunyangwe zvingaite sezvisinganzwisisike, kudya kwaro kunenge kwakanangana, nekuti ine gomivorous, zvinoreva kuti inodya pamuti werabha, unozivikanwawo serubha. muti.
Vanoda kusvika 83% yepygmy marmoset vagari vanogara mumapoka akagadzikana anoumbwa nevanhu vaviri kusvika vapfumbamwe, izvo zvinosanganisira alpha kana murume ane simba, munhukadzi anoita sekubereka uye anosvika mana anoteedzana litters evana. Maumbirwo akajairika eboka rakagadzikana vanhu vatanhatu. Izvi zvinoreva kuti rudzi urwu rwetsoko runoshamwaridzana uye vamwe vanogona kuwedzera kuti vanoda hupenyu hwemhuri.
Ichokwadi kuti mapoka akawanda anoumbwa nemitezo yemhuri imwe chete, asi ichokwadiwo kuti akazaruka kubatanidza mutezo mumwe kana kuti vaviri vakura. Iyo pygmy marmoset yakarongedzwa zvakasiyana kubva kune yakajairwa marmosets, mazhinji ayo akaverengerwa mugenera Callithrix uye Mico. Nechikonzero ichocho, pygmy marmosets ane genus yavo, Cebuella, iri mukati memhuri yeCallitrichidae.
Sangano reInternational Union for the Conservation of Nature rinodziisa muchiyero cheIsinganyanyi Hanya, mukati memhuka dziri panjodzi yekutsakatika, sezvo dzichigara pamwe chete nezvinetso zvishoma munzvimbo yese yekugovera uye hadzisi munjodzi yekutsakatika. vanhu vayo. Kutyisidzirwa kwayo kukuru kuri kuitika iko kutemwa kwemasango, nekuti kunotungamira mukurasikirwa kwenzvimbo yekugara, uye kutengeserana kwayo semhuka dzinovaraidza.
proboscis monkey
Tsoko inonzi proboscis (Nasalis larvatus) kana tsoko ine mhino refu kana kuti nasic monkey, rudzi runogara mumiti yenyika yekare uye ruvara rwayo rwakatsvuka tsvuku, iyo inonyanya kukosha iyo ine mhino yehukuru husina kujairika. Imhuka inongogara pachitsuwa cheBorneo, yakananga kuSoutheast Asia.
Tsoko iyi imhando hombe, saka ndiyo imwe yemhando hombe dzinowanikwa kumakondinendi eAsia. Muchokwadi, inokwikwidza chete Tibetan Macaque uye akati wandei egrey langurs muhukuru.
Dzidziso pamusoro pekuwedzerwa kukuru kwemhino dzayo kwakavakirwa dzinoratidza kuti imhaka yekuti inoumba kukwezva kwepabonde kunokanganisa kusarudzwa kwevakadzi, vane sarudzo yevarume vanogona kuita mazwi akasimba kana akadzama, uye neThe saizi yemhino inowanikwa nekuwedzera huwandu hwekufona kwako.
The sex dimorphism, kana musiyano pakati pevarume nevakadzi mumhando iyi inosimbiswa mumhando iyi. Vanhurume vane musoro nemuviri kureba kwe66 kusvika 76.2 centimita, inova 26.0 kusvika 30.0 inches, uye kazhinji inorema 16 kusvika 22.5 kilogiramu, inomiririra 35 kusvika 50 mapaundi, kunyangwe huremu hwavo hunozivikanwa huri makirogiramu makumi matatu. , anenge 30 lbs.
Madzimai ane urefu hwe 53,3 kusvika 62 centimeters, kana zvakafanana, 21,0 kusvika 24,4 inches, kusanganisira kuwedzera kwemusoro nemuviri uye inogona kuyera pakati pe7 kusvika ku12 kilogram. , inenge 15 kusvika ku26 pounds, asi mienzaniso yakave vakawana huremu hwemakirogiramu gumi nemashanu, kana kuti makirogiramu makumi matatu nematatu. Asi iyo inonyanya hunhu dimorphism inowanikwa mumhuno hombe kana hunde ine varume chete, uye inogona kudarika 15 centimita, kana 33 inches, kureba uye inogona kurembera pasi pemuromo.
Tsoko ye capuchin ine kumeso
Iyo monkey-yakatarisana nekapuchin monkey (Cebus imitator), yakagamuchirawo zita rePanamanian white-headed capuchin kana Central American white-faced capuchin, imhando yepakati-saizi yetsoko uye, nezita rayo, isu tichatoziva kuti. chizvarwa chenyika itsva. Ndeyemhuri Cebidae, subfamily Cebinae.
Inowanikwa kumasango eCentral America, uye imhando yemhando yakakosha mune ecology yemasango nekuda kwebasa raanoita mukuparadzira mbeu uye mukume.
Ndiyo imwe yetsoko dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa, nekuti iyo yePanamani chena-yakatarisana capuchin ndiyo yakajairika mufananidzo wetsoko unoperekedza organ grinder. Kutenda kubhaisikopo, rudzi urwu rwetsoko rwakave rwakakurumbira munhau, kunyanya muNorth America, nekuda kwekuonekwa kwayo muPirates of the Caribbean film series.
Imhando yetsoko ine hungwaru uye yakadzidziswa kubatsira vakaoma mitezo. Imhuka yepakati nepakati, inogona kurema kusvika 3,9 kilograms, iyo inenge 8,6 pounds. Muviri wayo wakasviba, asi chiso chayo chine pink uye nzvimbo huru yekumberi kwemuviri wayo ichena, nekudaro zita rayo rinozivikanwa.
Iine hunhu hweprehensile muswe unowanzo chengeta muviri wakamoneredzwa uye unoushandisa kuti uzvitsigire kana uchidya pasi pebazi remuti. Munzvimbo yayo yakasikwa, iyo white-faced capuchin monkey inonyanya kushandiswa, sezvo inogona kugara mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemasango.
Kudya kwavo kunogonawo kuve kwakasiyana-siyana, nekuti kunogona kusanganisira michero, zvimwe zvezvirimwa, invertebrates uye madiki vertebrates. Inogara mumapoka anogona kudarika vanhu 20, zvinosanganisira zvose hono nehadzi, uye imhuka inoshamwaridzana zvikuru.
Baboon
Baboon imhando dzetsoko kana primates dziri dzePapio genus, imwe ye23 genera yeTsoko dzeNyika Yekare. Mazita akajairika emhando shanu dzemhombwe ihamadryas, Guinea, iyo inonziwo kumadokero uye tsvuku, muorivhi, yero, uye chacma. Imwe neimwe yemhando idzi inowanikwa kune imwe yenzvimbo shanu dzeAfrica.
Asi hamadryas boon inowanikwawo kune zvikamu zveArabia Peninsula, uye iri pakati pehombe huru dzisiri hominid primates. Pane humbowo hwekuvepo kwemagudo akamboita makore angangoita mamiriyoni maviri. Maboon hamadryas ane mahombe machena machena. Sexual dimorphism pakati pemaboon inogona kuonekwa mukusiyana kwehukuru, ruvara, uye kukura kwemazino embwa pakati pevakadzi nevarume.
Misiyano inocherekedzwa yehukuru nehuremu inogonawo kuonekwa pakati pemhando dzemagudo. Gudo diki, rinova guinea boon, rakareba masendimita makumi mashanu, kana kuti masendimita makumi maviri, uye rinorema makirogiramu gumi nemana chete, rinosvika makirogiramu makumi matatu nerimwe, ukuwo hombe, iro gudo reChacma, richiwedzera kusvika masendimita zana nemakumi maviri. , anenge masendimita makumi mana nemanomwe, pakureba uye uremu hwemakirogiramu makumi mana, anenge makirogiramu makumi masere nemasere.
Mhando dzose dzemaboon dzine mhuno dzakareba dzakafanana nedzembwa, shaya dzadzo dzinorema uye dzine simba, dzine mazino akapinza zvikuru embwa, maziso akavharika, ganda rawo rakakora kwazvo, kunze kwenzvimbo yemhuno, miswe yadzo mipfupi. uye vane rudzi rwemapedhi eganda asina bvudzi uye asina tsinga pamagaro anobuda kunze, anonzi ischial calluses, ane chinangwa chokuvapa kunyaradzwa kukuru pavanenge vagere.
Mandrel
Mandrill (Mandrillus sphinx) iprimate. Iyo ndeyemhuri yemhando dzetsoko dzinobva munyika yekare (Cercopithecidae), ndeimwe yemhando mbiri dzinoumba genus Mandrillus. Pakutanga mandrill yakagamuchira kupatsanurwa pakati pemagudo, ichiiisa mukati mePapio genus, asi nhasi ine genus yayo, Mandrillus. Kunyange zvazvo vachipa zvakafanana nemagudo, aya ndeepamusoro, sezvo achinyanya hukama nemhuri dzeCercocebus.
Mandrill habitat iri kumaodzanyemba kweCameroon, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea neCongo. Sezvineiwo, mandrill anogara mumasango anogara achinaya mvura. Imhuka dzinoshamwaridzana uye dzinogara mumapoka makuru kwazvo.
Madyiro emagudo ane omnivorous, saka anodya michero netwupembenene. Nguva yekubatana ndeyegore negore uye iyo inonyanya kukosha pfungwa inowanikwa pakati pemwedzi waChikunguru kusvika munaGunyana, iri nguva inonyanya kukosha yekuzvarwa pakati pemwedzi waDecember naApril. Mandrills ndiwo mhando hombe tsoko panyika. Sezvineiwo imhando yemhando yakanyorwa seyakakuvara neIUCN.
Bhachi remandrill rakasvibira remuorivhi kana kuti grey, rine mabhande eyero uye matema, uye dumbu rayo rakachena. Kumeso kwayo hakuna mvere uye ine mhuno yakareba ine zvinhu zvinoita kuti inyatso zivikanwa, semutsara mutsvuku unodzika nepakati uye wakabudikira mitsetse yebhuruu kumativi. Ane mhino nemiromo dzvuku, ndebvu dzake dzakatsvuka, uye ane mitsetse michena.
Geoffroy's Spider Tsoko
Geoffroy's spider monkey (Ateles geoffroyi), akabhabhatidzwawo nezita reblack-handed spider monkey. Imhando yemhuka dzedandemutande, iyo inowanikwa kunyika itsva, kunyanya Central America, zvikamu zveMexico uye zvichida chikamu chiduku cheColombia.
Kune kanenge shanu dzinozivikanwa subspecies idzi mhando tsoko. Nyanzvi dzakasiyana-siyana dzemaprimate dzinoti tsoko ine musoro mutema (A. fusciceps), yakawanikwa kuPanama, Colombia, neEcuador, seimwe yemhando imwe chete nespider tsoko yeGeoffroy. Ndiyo imwe yetsoko huru munyika itsva, kazhinji inorema kusvika 9 makirogiramu, iyo inenge 20 mapaundi.
Chimiro cherudzi urwu rwetsoko ndechekuti kukwidziridzwa kwemaoko ayo kwakarebesa kupfuura yemakumbo ayo, uye muswe wayo weprehensile unokwanisa kutsigira huremu hwese hwemhuka, sezvo ichiishandisa sechimwe chikamu chekuwedzera. Maoko ake anongova nechigunwe chekare, asi ane zvigunwe zvirefu, zvakasimba, zvakasungirirwa.
Aya magadzirirwo ekushanduka-shanduka akabvumira rudzi urwu rwetsoko kufamba nekudzungaira nekuda kwemaoko ayo pasi pematavi emiti. Tsoko dzedandemutande dzaGeoffroy dzine hushamwari, dzinogara mumapoka anogona kuva nenhengo dziri pakati pe20 ne42.
Imhuka dze omnivorous, nekuti chikafu chadzo chinoumbwa nemichero yakaibva uye dzinoda nzvimbo dzakakura dzesango kuti dzirarame. Inorongedzerwa neIUCN sezvipenyu zviri mungozi, nekuda kwekurasikirwa nenzvimbo dzakakura dzekugara kwayo nekuda kwekuparadzwa kwemasango, yakavhimwawo uye yakatorwa kutengeserana semhuka dzinovaraidza.
white eared tamarin
Iyo white-eared marmoset (Plecturocebus donacophilus), yakabhabhatidzwawo nezita reBolivian titi kana Bolivian huicoco. Irudzi rwemarmoset, rudzi rwetsoko yeNyika Itsva, yakabva kumabvazuva kweBolivia uye inzvimbo kumadokero kweBrazil.
Rudzi urwu rwetsoko rune hugaro hwayo hwechisikigo munzvimbo inoenda kumabvazuva kubva kuRwizi rweManique, mudhipatimendi reBeni, Bolivia, kumaodzanyemba kweRondônia kuBrazil. Nzvimbo yekumaodzanyemba kwehuwandu hwayo inosanganisira masango akapoteredza guta reSanta Cruz de la Sierra.
Ndiyo imwe yemhando dzetsoko dzakakura zviripakati nepakati, dzine grey musana, kunyangwe chikamu chadzo chepasi chakaita orenji uye dzine hunhu hwakanyanya huchena hunobuda munzeve dzadzo.
Diera yaro ndeye omnivorous, nekuti chikafu chayo chinonyanya kuve nemichero, zvimwe zvinomera uye invertebrates. Inowanzova imwe yevanonyanya kubatwa neshiri dzinodya, kunyange zvazvo zvichizivikanwa kuti felines nemamwe marudzi etsoko anovarwisa. Imhuka ine murume mumwe chete uye inogara mumapoka madiki, anogona kuumbwa nevanhu vaviri kana vanomwe, vanoumbwa nevaviri nevana vavo.
Boka rega rega remhuri rinoda kuwedzeredzwa kwemahekita 0.5 kusvika ku14, ndiko kuti, 1.2 kusvika 34.6 maeka enzvimbo yavo yekugara, uye vanhu vakuru vane ruzha rwakaoma rwenzwi rwavanokwanisa kuchengetedza ndima yavo. Chimwe chiitiko chinodziratidzira nderekuti dzinoda kubatanidza miswe yadzo kana dzakagara pamwe chete kana muboka. Tamarins ane nzeve chena ane tarisiro yehupenyu inopfuura makore makumi maviri nemashanu ari muhusungwa.
cotton-top tamarin monkey
Iyo tamarin ine musoro muchena (Saguinus oedipus) itsoko diki yeNyika Itsva, inorema isingasviki 0,5 kilograms, yakaenzana ne1,1 pounds. Tsoko iyi inokwanisa kurarama makore anosvika makumi maviri nemana, asi pasi pemamiriro ekunze inowanzofa iine makore gumi nematatu ekuberekwa. Ndiyo imwe yenyati diki. Iyo donje-yepamusoro tamarin inonyanya kuzivikanwa neiyo refu chena sagittal crest, iyo inomhanya kubva pahuma yayo kusvika pamapfudzi ayo.
Nzvimbo yekugara iri pamiganhu yemasango anogara achinaya mvura uye mumasango echipiri ekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweColombia. Inogara mumiti uye imhando yemaitiro ezuva nezuva. Chikafu chayo ndeye omnivorous, nekuti inoumbwa netumbuyu uye chirimwa exudates, uye inoenzanisa yeinopisa ecosystem, nekuti chimwe chezviitwa zvayo zvechisikigo kuparadzira mbeu munzvimbo dzinopisa.
Mhando iyi yemonkey yemarmoset inoratidza zvakasiyana-siyana zvemagariro evanhu. Maitiro avanoratidza mumapoka mavanogara anonyanya kuda kuziva, nekuti hukama hwakasimba hwekutonga kwehierarchical hunogona kucherechedzwa, umo vakaroorana vane masimba chete vanobvumirwa kuberekana.
Kazhinji, hadzi inobereka mapatya uye inoshandisa mapheromones ayo kuitira kuti dzimwe hadzi dziri muboka dzisabereke. Rudzi urwu rwetsoko rwakadzidzwa zvakanyanya nekuti zvave zvichiratidzwa kuti vane mwero wepamusoro wekutarisisa, uye zvakaonekwa kuti vanoratidza kusada uye hunhu hwekuvenga.
Mhando yekukurukurirana kuripo pakati petsoko dzine musoro wedonje dzakanyanya hunyanzvi uye dzinoratidza humbowo hwekuti dzine chimiro chegirama, icho chave chiri chimiro chemutauro unofanirwa kuwanikwa. Parizvino, zvinosuruvarisa, inorondedzerwa sezvipenyu zviri mungozi yekutsakatika uye ndeimwe yemhando dzinoshamisa kwazvo munyika, sezvo zvakasimbiswa kuti kune zviuru zvitanhatu chete zvemuenzaniso musango.
corn monkey
Chibage capuchin tsoko (Sapajus apella), yakagamuchirawo mazita ebrown capuchin uye black capuchin. Ndiyo imwe yemhando dzetsoko dzinobva kunyika itsva, kunyanya kubva kuSouth America. Sezvinoratidzwa nezvidzidzo zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaitwa kwemakore mazhinji, ndeimwe yemaprimates ayo nzvimbo yaro ndiyo yakanyanya kupararira muNeotropics.
Munguva pfupi yapfuura yakadzokororwa, tichifunga kuti dema, dema uye goridhe ane mitsetse capuchins imhando dzakasiyana dzakagadzira genus nyowani, inotenderedza chibage capuchin kune yakasarudzika nzvimbo yeAmazon basin nenzvimbo dzakatenderedza.
Iri rudzi rwe capuchin imhando yeomnivorous, nekuti inodya zvinenge chete michero uye invertebrates, asi dzimwe nguva zvakare inodya kune madiki vertebrates, semadzvinyu uye nhiyo dzeshiri, kunyangwe ivo vachidyawo zvikamu zvezvirimwa.
Mhando dzetsoko idzi dzine hugaro hwavo munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira sango rinopisa uye rinopisa nyoro, sango rakaoma, uye sango rakakanganiswa kana rechipiri. Kufanana nedzimwe mhando dzemacapuchin, imhuka dzinoshamwaridzana, dzinoshamwaridzana zvikuru dzinogara mumapoka evanhu 8 kusvika ku15, vachitungamirirwa nealpha kana kuti murume mukuru.
Tsoko yechibage yakasimba kudarika mamwe marudzi e<em>capuchin, ine vhudzi rakakora uye muswe wakareba uye wakakora zvikuru. Anewo sumbu rebvudzi refu, rakaomarara pahuma yake, rinogona kudhonzwa semhando yewigi. Rudzi rwemvere dzayo rwakaita grey, asi padumbu rayo rakareruka zvakanyanya kupfuura muviri wayo wese.
Maoko netsoka dzetsoko zvitema. Muswe wacho une prehensile uye wakasimba zvikuru, sezvo unogona kushandiswa seimwe imwezve nhengo kubata pamatavi, sezvo uchitsigira uremu hwawo.
common marmoset
Iyo yakajairika marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) ndeimwe yemhando dzetsoko dzinobva kunyika itsva. Nzvimbo yaro yekugara inzvimbo yekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweBrazil, mumatunhu ePiaui, Paraiba, Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Pernambuco, Alagoas neBahia. Kuburikidza nekusunungurwa kwevamwe vanhu vaive muusungwa, pamwe nemaune uye pamwe nekusaziva, rudzi urwu rwetsoko rwakawedzera huwandu hwayo.
Kubva kuma1920 yakapararira kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweBrazil, kuoneka kwayo kwomusango kuRio de Janeiro muna 1929, uko yave ichionekwa semhuka inoparadza, zvichiita kuti pave nokunetseka kukuru pamusoro pokusvibiswa kwemajini emamwe marudzi akafanana. marmoset (Callithrix aurita), uye paivewo nekutyira kuti inogona kuzodya nhiyo nemazai eshiri.
Iyo yakazara genome kutevedzana kwechikadzi common marmoset yakabudiswa muna Chikunguru 20, 2014 uye yakave yekutanga nyika nyowani mhando yetsoko kuve nejenome rayo rakanyatso kutevedzana. Common marmosets imhando yetsoko diki kwazvo dzine miswe yakareba yehukuru hwadzo.
Varume nevakadzi vane maumbirwo akaenzana, asi varume vakati kurei. Varume vane avhareji yekuwedzera ye 188 millimeters, iyo inenge 7.40 inches; nepo vakadzi vane hurefu hweavhareji inosvika 185 millimeters, inova 7.28 inches. Huremu hwevarume hunosvika 256 magiramu anoenzana ne9.03 ounces paavhareji asi huremu hwevakadzi hunosvika 236 magiramu anoenzana nema8.32 ounces.
Mvere dzemarmoset dzinouya nemavara mazhinji, kunyanya ane hukama nebrown, grey, uye yero. Idzo dzine machira machena munzeve dzadzo uye miswe yadzo inoratidza mabhande kana mitsetse. Kumeso kwavo kune ganda dema pamhuno dzavo uye vane kupenya kuchena pahuma yavo. Mvere dzemapfudzi dzakasvibira uye dzero, uye chena hura yenzeve inokura gare gare.
golden lion tamarin
Iyo shumba yegoridhe tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia), iyo yakagamuchirawo zita regoridhe marmoset, itsoko diki, yakaberekerwa munyika itsva, ndeyemhuri yeCallitrichidae. Kubva kumasango emahombekombe egungwa reAtlantic kuBrazil, zvinosuruvarisa kuti golden lion tamarin imhuka iri panjodzi yekutsakatika.
Nzvimbo iyo mienzaniso yemhando iyi yakagoverwa musango inotambanudzira nzvimbo ina kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweBrazil. Nokutya kukuru kunofanira kutaurwa kuti maererano nokuverengwa kwevanhu munguva pfupi yapfuura, kunofungidzirwa kuti kune zvienzaniso 3.200 490 chete zvasara munzvimbo yazvo yokugara yomusikirwo uye kune chiverengero chavagari vapasi chakatapwa, umo zvinenge 150 zvienzaniso zvinochengetwa zviri zvipenyu, zvinogoverwa pakati penzvimbo dzinochengeterwa mhuka XNUMX.
Iyi shumba yegoridhe tamarin yakapihwa zita iroro nekuda kwemvere dzayo dzakatsvuka-orenji uye nevhudzi refu-refu rakatenderedza kumeso nenzeve dzayo, izvo zvinoipa manera akasiyana. Chiso chake chakasviba uye haana bvudzi. Iyo inopenya orenji fur yekirasi iyi yetsoko yakatemerwa kuve isina carotenoids, ari iwo makomisheni anowanzo kuburitsa mavara eorenji anopenya muzvisikwa.
Iyo tamarin yegoridhe ndiyo nhangemutange huru yeCalitrichinas. Paavhareji, vanoyera anenge 261 millimeters, iyo yakaenzana ne10.3 inches, uye inorema kutenderera 620 magiramu, inova yakaenzana ne1.37 pounds. Pane anenge asina saizi misiyano pakati pevarume nevakadzi.
Kufanana nemhando dzetsoko dzinobva munyika itsva, muenzaniso uyu wetamarin wegoridhe une tegulae, zvipikiri zviduku-zvakaita sezvipikiri, panzvimbo yeungulae kana zvipikiri zvakatsetseka, izvo zvinowanikwa mune dzimwe mhuka dzose, kusanganisira vanhu. Kuva ne tegulae kwakabvumira matamarin kunamatira kumativi emiti yemiti.
Mhuka diki idzi dzinokwanisawo kufamba zvine quadriplegically dzakatevedza mapazi madiki, kufamba, kumhanya kana kusvetuka, izvo zvinodzipa nzira yekufamba yakada kufanana neiyo yetsindi pane yemamwe maprimate.
kuchema cappuccino
Weeping capuchin (Cebus olivaceus) itsoko yeNyika Itsva inonzi capuchin inogara kunyanya kuSouth America. Inogona kuwanikwa kuchamhembe kweBrazil, Guyana, French Guiana, Suriname, Venezuela, uye pamwe kuchamhembe kweColombia.
Iyo genus Cebus yakakamurwa kuita akati wandei akasiyana marudzi. Nekudaro, ma taxonomist vachiri kusimudza mutsauko wakatenderedza kupatsanurwa mukati meiyo genus, iyo ine ngozi uye ine gakava. Iyo Cebus olivaceus inozivikanwa kugara mumasango marefu, ekutanga uye inogona kufamba nzendo refu mukati mezuva.
Mhuka idzi itsoko dzine hukuru huri pakati nepakati, dzine mavara akasiyana mumisoro yadzo, uye dzine mitezo yakati rebei kupfuura mamwe marudzi e<em>capuchin, zvichidzibvumira kusvetuka nepamusoro pemiti yemasango. Sezvimwe nemamwe makirasi e capuchin tsoko, kudya kwavo kune omnivorous, nokuti kudya kwavo kunonyanya kuumbwa nemichero, invertebrates, zvimwe zvikamu zvemiti uye, pane dzimwe nguva, zviduku zviduku.
Kunyange zvazvo chiri chokwadi kuti boka iri re<em>capuchin rinorondedzerwa semhuka isinganyanyi kunetseka neIUCN Red List of Threatened Species, ichokwadiwo kuti inowanzobatwa nezvikara zvakawanda muSouth America, kubva kumagora kusvika kumajaguar .
mambo tamarin
Emperor tamarin (Saguinus imperator), ikirasi yetsoko inonzi tamarin iyo, maererano nenhoroondo, yakadanwa kudaro nokuti yaifungidzirwa kuti yakafanana namambo weGermany Wilhelm II. Inogara iri kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweAmazon basin, kumabvazuva kwePeru, kuchamhembe kweBolivia uye kumadokero kweBrazil nyika dzeAcre neAmazonas.
Mvere dzerudzi urwu rwetsoko dzemarmoset dzinowanzoita grey, kunyangwe iine mavara eyero pachipfuva chayo. Maoko nemakumbo zvitema uye muswe une brown. Ane peculiarity uye ndiko kuti ane refu chena ndebvu, iro matavi kumativi ose kupfuura mafudzi ake.
Mhuka iyi inosvika pakureba 23 kusvika 26 centimeters, iyo yakaenzana pakati pe9 kusvika 10 inches, pamusoro payo ine muswe murefu we 35 kusvika 41,5 centimita, yakaenzana pakati pe13,8 kusvika 16,3 inches. Vanoyera kutenderera 500 magiramu, ayo anenge 18 ounces.
Emperor tamarin ndeyemhuri yeCallitrichidae, inova mhuri yetsoko dzenyika itsva. MaCallitrichidae anounganidza marudzi maviri emhando dzemarmosets uye tamarins. Iine nzwara pane chimwe nechimwe chezvigunwe zvayo uye maoko, pamwe chete nendebvu refu, uye dzinenge dzisingaoneki bvudzi jena rinogona kuwanikwawo pachirebvu chayo.
Zvisinei, nekuona saguinus imperator ine chirebvu chitema uye vhudzi riri pachipfuva nedumbu musanganiswa wemvere dzvuku, orenji uye jena. Kumusana kwake, ane mvere dzakasvibira muruvara. Chiso chemukati chemaoko ake nemakumbo chine orenji.
Azara Marikina
Iyo Marikiná de Azara night tsoko (Aotus azarae), inozivikanwawo setsoko yekumaodzanyemba. Mabviro ayo ari munyika itsva uye imhando yetsoko kubva kuSouth America. Nzvimbo yaro yekugara inogoverwa pakati peArgentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Peru neParaguay. Mhuka iyi ine murume mumwe chete, uye hunhu hwayo hwemagariro ndeyekuti varume vanopa huwandu hukuru hwekutarisira kwevabereki.
Iyi spice inotumidzwa zita remuSpanish wezvemusikirwo Félix de Azara. Kunyangwe iri rudzi rwuri rwehusiku, vamwe vanhu vetsoko dzeAzara dzehusiku dzakanyanya kukosha pakati petsoko dzehusiku, nekuti dzakakwanisa kuchinjika kuti dzishande masikati nehusiku. Mhando iyi inosanganisirwa muIUCN Red List seIsinganetseke.
Nekuda kwekushaikwa kweruzivo rwehukuru hwemuviri uye huremu hwetsoko dzeAzara dzehusiku, kuyerwa kwadzo kwakafungidzirwa kubva kunhamba shoma yemasampuli emusango. Nechikonzero ichi, zvave zvichinzi hurefu hwemusoro nemuviri wemukadzi hunosvika 341 millimeters, yakaenzana ne13.4 inches, ukuwo kukura kwemurume 346 millimeters, yakaenzana ne13.6 inches.
Huremu hweavhareji hwave huremu hunosvika 1,254 gramu, yakaenzana ne2.765 pounds, kune murume Aotus azarae azarae; 1,246 magiramu, angangoita 2.747 pounds, kumukadzi Aotus azarae azarae; 1,180 magiramu, ari makirogiramu 2.60, kumurume Aotus azarae boliviensis; uye 1,230 magiramu, akaenzana neanenge 2.71 pounds, kumukadzi kune Aotus azarae boliviensis.
Nguva yavo yekuzvitakura inosvika mazuva zana nemakumi matatu nematatu. Hupenyu hunotarisirwa hwetsoko yeAzara husiku munzvimbo yayo yechisikigo hazvizivikanwe, asi zvinotendwa kuti hupenyu hwehunhapwa hwevanhu verudzi rweAotus hunosvika makore makumi maviri.
mantled howler monkey
Tsoko ine mantled howler tsoko (Alouatta palliata), kana tsoko ine mantled-mantled, imhando yetsoko, inozvarwa kuNyika Itsva, kunyanya Central neSouth America. Ndiyo imwe yemhando dzetsoko dzakaonekwa uye dzakanzwika zvakanyanya musango muCentral America.
Zita rayo mantle rinokonzerwa nevhudzi refu riri kumativi aro. Tsoko yerudzi urwu ndiyo imwe yetsoko hombe muCentral America, nekuti zvakaonekwa kuti varume vanogona kurema kusvika makirogiramu 9,8, akaenzana nemakirogiramu makumi maviri nemaviri.
Yakave yakasimbiswawo kuti ndiyo chete yeCentral American monkey inodya mashizha akawanda, iyo yakagadzira maitiro akawanda anobvumira kuti igaye chikafu ichi, nokuti mashizha akaoma kugaya uye anopa simba shoma kudarika rakawanda. zvimwe zvokudya. Pamusoro pazvo howler tsoko inopedza nguva yakawanda yezuva ichizorora uye yakarara.
Tsoko dzechirume dzine mantled howler dzakawedzera mapfupa ehyoid, izvi zvinoreva zvakare kuti vane gomo bhonzo riri padyo nezwi ravo, izvo zvinovabvumira kukwidziridza ruzha rwekufona kunoitwa nevarume, nekuda kwavakagashira zita rekuchema.
Kuungudza ndiko kunoita kuti tsoko idzi dzikwanise kuwanana pasina kutambisa simba radzo dzichiita mafambiro kana kuisa pangozi nharo dzemuviri. Chitarisiko chemhere chine mantle chakafanana nechedzimwe tsoko dzerudzi rweAlouatta, kunze kweruvara rwayo.
Zvakaonekwa kuti huremu hwehuremu hwetsoko ine mantled hunogona kusiyana zvakanyanya kubva pahuwandu hwevanhu munzvimbo dzakasiyana. Uropi hwetsoko yakakura inochema huremu hunosvika 55.1 gramu, iyo yakaenzana nemaaundi 1.94, zvichiita kuti ive diki pane pfungwa dzemamwe marudzi akati wandei etsoko diki, senge chena-headed capuchin.
Collared Marmoset Tsoko
Iyo collar titi monkey (Cheracebus torquatus) imhando kana musanganiswa une hukama nemhando dzetiti tsoko. Munhu uyu ndeimwe yemhando dzetsoko dzenyika itsva, kunyanya dziri muSouth America. Madiki zvekuti zvakaonekwa kuti vanhu vakuru vashanu verudzi urwu vairema avhareji yemagiramu 1462, neavhareji yemagiramu 1410 kusvika 1722.
Kuyera kwemusoro-muviri kupararira kunosvika 290 kusvika 390 millimeters uye muswe wayo wakareba 350 kusvika 400 millimeters. Vane vhudzi shoma pazviso zvavo, vachingogumira kubvudzi pfupi, shoma shoma paganda dema. Hakuchina dimorphism yepabonde mukirasi iyi yetsoko dzemarmoset, kunyangwe zvinowanzoitika kuti murume ane mazino e canine akareba kupfuura echikadzi.
Mvere dzekirasi iyi yetsoko dzemarmoset dzinowanzoita dzvuku dzvuku kana dema dema. Muswe wayo une ruvara rutema, wakasanganiswa nemvere dzakawanda dzakatsvuka. Maoko avo nemakumbo zvakachena kana kuti zvishava muruvara.
Iyi mimvuri yemvere inosiyanisa kune ese masubspecies, ine mutsara kana bhandi rechena fur inopararira kubva pachifuva ichikwira uye ichitevera neckline, ichienda kune nzeve.
Kuwedzerwa munzeve uku kunoratidzika sechidimbu chemavara asina kusimba muCallicebus torquatus torquatus, inova isina kusimbiswa subspecies inogara muColombia uye yakasiyana nedzimwe subspecies ine mutsara muchena unoenda kuzasi kwenzeve. , kunyangwe paine mimwe misiyano inovasiyanisa kubva kune mamwe madiki etsoko dzemarmoset.
Macaque
Macaques anonyanya kufarisa tsoko nhangemutange, kunyangwe zvichikwanisika kuti anosanganisira mhodzi, mashizha, maruva nemakwati emuti mukudya kwavo, uye mamwe, sezvakaita gaka-kudya macaque, anorarama nekudya kweinvertebrates uye dzimwe nguva madiki madiki. .
Idzi tsoko dzemacaque dzinoumba genus (Macaca) yetsoko dzeNyika Yekare. Ivo chikamu cheCercopithecinae subfamily. Macaques anogona kurarama munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana kana nzvimbo dzekugara mukondinendi yese yeAsia, uye anochinjika zvakanyanya.
Chimiro cherudzi urwu rwetsoko ndechekuti mapoka ese emagariro emacaques matriarchal, nekuti akarongeka akatenderedza vakadzi vane simba. Vakadzidzawo kugarisana nevanhu uye vava mhuka inoparadza mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzinogarwa nevanhu, dzakadai sechitsuwa cheMauritius neSilver Springs State Park muFlorida.
Zvinoratidza kuti rudzi urwu rwetsoko rwave runotyisa mukuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, asi hazvigumiri ipapo, nokuti dzinoitawo njodzi kuvanhu, nokuti ivo vatakuri vezvirwere zvinogona kutapurirwa kumunhu uye izvo. uyewo anogona kuuraya.
Parizvino, manejimendi emacaque semhando inoparadza akaitwa kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwedzimwe nzira dzekudzora. Kunze kwevanhu (genus Homo), macaques ndiwo akanyanya kuwanda kwazvo pasirese genus, sezvo tichigona kuvawana kubva kuJapan kuenda kuIndia subcontinent, uye muchiitiko chebarbarian macaque (Macaca sylvanus), ichipfuura nekuchamhembe kweAfrica uye kumaodzanyemba. Europe.
Makushe emhando idzi dzetsoko anowanzo musanganiswa kana gradient yemumvuri kubva kune brown kusvika kune dema uye mhuno dzadzo dzine chimiro chakatenderedzwa, nemhino kumusoro. Muswe unosiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwuri kutaurwa, runogona kureba, rwune mwero, rupfupi kana kuti rusina muswe.
red-bellied tamarin tsoko
Iyo red-bellied titi kana dusky titi tsoko (Plecturocebus moloch) imhando yemarmoset, imwe yemhando dzetsoko dzeNyika Itsva, dzinogara kuBrazil. Musoro wayo wakatenderedzwa uye ine mvere dzakakora, dzakapfava. Kazhinji kacho kanongotora hunhu hwayo, muviri wakarereka, makumbo pamwe chete uye muswe wakarembera pasi.
Muviri werudzi urwu rwemarmoset uri pakati pemasendimita makumi maviri nemasere kusvika makumi matatu nepfumbamwe uye muswe uri pakati pemasendimita makumi matatu nematatu nemakumi mana nemapfumbamwe. Imhuka duku inokwanisa kufamba nekukasika kana zvichidiwa, asi kashoma kuita. Maitiro ayo chaiwo ndeokugara mukati menzvimbo diki, uye kudya kwayo kunobva zvakanyanya pamichero, tumbuyu, dandemutande, shiri diki nemazai eshiri.
Imhando yehunhu hwemazuva ese uye inofamba iri vaviri vaviri kana mapoka emhuri, saka imhuka inoshamwaridzana. Ivo vanokwanisa kuve nekutaurirana pakati pevanhu veboka nekuda kwekuti ivo vanotonga yakafara repertoire yemanzwi. Chinongogara chiripo ndechekuti pamarara ega ega hadzi inobereka mwana mumwe chete.
Iwo epamusoro incisors emhando iyi akareba uye incisor canines haatombopfuuri mamwe mazino. Iyo yepamusoro molars dzimwe nguva inogona kuve tricuspid uye yakaderera premolars iri nyore. Iyo yepamusoro uye yakaderera molars ndeye quadricuspid. Aya maitiro emazino anovabvumira kunya chikafu chavo zvakanaka.
Dzine nzeve dzakati kurei, kazhinji dzakavharwa nemvere kune rimwe divi remusoro. Vane septum yakafara yemukati mumhino dzavo uye mhino dzavo dzakavhurika necheparutivi. Zvinogona kuitika kuti muvanhu vakuru fur kumusana wavo igrey, tsvuku kana tsvuku. Zvakajairika kuti mabhandi matema kana machena awanikwe pahuma yako. Iyi patani yemuvara inocherechedzwa mune zvese pwere nevakuru.
Tinovimba chaizvo kuti wakanakidzwa nekuverenga uku uye kuti ikozvino unogona kunzwisisa zviri nani nekusiyanisa marudzi etsoko dziri munyika, mavara adzo uye maumbirwo adzo uye hukuru hunoshamisa, nehunhu hwadzo hunokosha.
Kana waifarira nyaya iyi, tinokurudzira izvi zvimwe zvinyorwa zvinonakidza: