Muchikamu chechitendero cheCatholic, chimwe chezviratidzo zvayo ndiMhandara Maria, mwari anobhadharwa mutero munzvimbo zhinji dzepasi. Chinyorwa chatinopa pazasi ndecheVirgen de la Paz, musande wezvemweya weTrujillo State muVenezuela.
General kufunga
Kana paine chiitiko chenyika chakakodzera kubhadhara mutero, zviri pachena kuti hachifanirwe kunge chiri chimwe kunze kweanochiva, asiwo zvakanaka-thumbed nyika rugare. Izvi zvinobviswa nyore nyore, kana iwe ukatarisa huwandu hwemakakatanwa anotambudza pasi, uye kutonga nechokwadi hapana mhinduro mukati mepakati kana kwenguva refu, zvakanyanya kutarisira kukurumidza kana nekukurumidza mhinduro. Kana iwe uchifarira nyaya iyi, tinokurudzira kuti uverenge chinyorwa chinotevera: Runyararo chiratidzo
Chiyereso cheMhandara de la Paz chakamiswa muVenezuela mupiro wakanaka, chiratidzo chakakosha icho vanhu verudzi urwu rweSouth America vakaita sechipo chekukwevera ngwariro kwete munharaunda yedunhu chete, asiwo pasi rose, nezve. kukosha kwekurwa kuti uwane rugare rwechokwadi, rwakagadzikana uye runodikanwa.
Nhoroondo yeMhandara yeRugare
Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela inyika yakaorera kwazvo, kana zvasvika pakugadzira nyaya, anecdotes, zvitendero, nyaya dzine chekuita nenhoroondo yaro serudzi uye sevanhu, izvo zvakabatanidza chinzvimbo chayo chakadzivirirwa mukurwira kusunungurwa. Panyaya iyi, mavara, zviitiko kana kungoti chokwadi chinomuka chakatenderedza nhoroondo yayo, iyo yakaunganidzwa yakakurumbira kuziva yanga ichitarisira kugadzira, nenzira yekusika, yekufungidzira.
Ichi chiitiko chekugadzira pamwe chete chinoratidzwa kuburikidza ne: nyaya, nhoroondo, folkloric makomendi, mazhinji acho akaremerwa nekufunga zvemashiripiti, asi mamwe, zvichibva pane zvakasimbiswa nhoroondo dzechokwadi. Nyika yega yega kana dunhu, rinoumba chimiro chezvematongerwo enyika cheVenezuela, chine rekodhi, yakakura kwazvo tsika anecdotal nhaka.
Ichitaura zvakananga kuhurumende yeTrujillo, iri kumadokero kwenyika, inoratidzirwa nekugadzirwa kwayo kwekofi yekurima, zvinonzi, zvinonzi inyika "yevakachenjera nevatsvene"; Iyi nongedzero inoitwa, sezvo munharaunda iyoyo vanhu vakuru vendima yorudzidziso nesayenzi vakaberekwa, avo vanokwidziridza kuzivikaniswa kwetsika dzevanhu vaTrujillo; ndizvo zvakaita Dr. José Gregorio Hernández.
Uyu chiremba mukuru weVenezuelan uye sainzi anoonekwa semutambi wechitendero chakakurumbira chekunamata, chinonyanya kukosha munyika sezvo, mukuwedzera mukuratidza mipiro yakanaka kwazvo kuVenezuelan sainzi yekurapa, hunyanzvi hwake semurapi mutsvene hunozivikanwa zvakanyanya munyika yose nepasirese. sphere..
Nyasha dzaMwari, dzinoratidzwa nechipo chekuporesa, dzinonzi dzakaitwa naDr José Gregorio Hernández.Kune uchapupu husingaverengeki hwemabasa anoshamisa akaitwa nachiremba uyu anonziwo “Chiremba wevarombo”. Aya ndiwo maziviro azvinoitwa nemukurumbira.
Parizvino Chechi yeRoma yave kuona utsvene hwake, ichimupa zita remunhu anoremekedzwa uye zvinonzi kurova kwake zvachose inyaya yehurongwa hwevakuru. Mumwe mucherechedzo wedunhu reTrujillo, uyo anozadza zita rake nekudada, musayendisiti Rafael Rangel, chizvarwa cheguta guru, chimiro ichi chinozivikanwa nekupa kwake kukuru mukudzidza kwezvirwere zvinopisa, mukuwedzera pakuonekwa se baba veParasitology uye Bioanalysis muVenezuela.
Sangano reVenezuelan, rezvidzidzo zvepamusoro-soro mumunda wekutsvagisa zvirwere zvebhakitiriya uye hutachiona, rine zita raRafael Rangel, semutero kumurume ane mbiri wesainzi. Asiwo, nyika yeTrujillo ndiyo nyika inonamatwa Mhandara Yorugare.
Muna ikoku, kunokarakadzwa kuti kunamatwa kwouku kutaura kworudzidziso, kunomirira amai vaMwari, kwakaberekerwa muSpain, munenge muzana ramakore rechinomwe AD. C., uko bhishopi mukuru weToledo, anonzi Ildefonso, akanga ari mupi wehasha akazvipira waMhandara Maria, amai vaMwari, vanotaura kuti rimwe zuva mukati memwedzi waDecember, akapinda muchechi yeSanta María muguta ratinonongedzera kwariri ndokuona kuti kwakanga kune kujeka kusina kujairika .
Takatarisana nemafungiro akadai, Archbishop Ildefonso, rinopupurira kuti chiedza chakabuda mumufananidzo weMhandara Maria, akagara panzvimbo yake muimba yokunamatira. Vechitendero vaiona chokwadi ichi sechishamiso uye kusimbisa kukudza kwake Mai Vatsvene vaMwari, uye akazvitsaurira zvine hurongwa pakuparadzira chiitiko ichi senyasha dzeizvi.
Chimwe chiitiko chinoratidza kunamatwa kweMhandara Tsvene yoRugare chakatanga munguva yenhoroondo yeSpain, apo nyika yacho yaitongwa nevaMuslim, vaida kushandura chechi yeSanta María de Toledo kuti ive temberi yechiIslam. Ipapo vakandogadzira hondo huru ine simba, vakakomba guta; Chiito chehondo ichi chakatora rinenge gore.
Asi pasina chikonzero, kana kuti zvinotozivikanwa, vakarega, vachisiya zvinangwa zvavo, pasinei nokuti vakanga vatora temberi, vakaidzorera kuboka rechiKristu. Zvese izvi zvakaitika musi mumwe chete wakaitwa nababa Ildefonso inoziva kuoneka kweMhandara, muna Ndira 24. Mamiriro ezvinhu aya akatorwa sekuzadzikiswa kwechishamiso chakaitwa neMhandara yeRugare.
MuVenezuela, iyo nzvimbo inomiswa chiyeuchidzo cheMhandara de la Paz, kunamatwa kwake kwakauya nemaitiro ekukunda uye kukoloni, iyo nharaunda iyo nhasi ine zita reAmerica yakasangana nayo. Munzvimbo iyoyo yedunhu reTrujillo mune chiyeuchidzo, yakanga iri nharaunda yeboka reEscuque. Ava zvizvarwa zveAmerica, vakanga vari vazukuru vavaChibcha, boka rezvizvarwa zvemo vaigara pakati pekondinendi, uko Colombia nhasi, vakagara kumadokero kweVenezuela.
Munharaunda iri kutaurwa, pakanga paine kumukirana kwechivanhu pamusoro pevapambi veSpain, varatidziri vevapanduki vaive zvizvarwa zveCuicas kana Timoto-cuicas, vanhu ava vanopihwa ruzivo, neColombian Chibchas, zvakanaka, kumukira kwakakundwa ne vakundi, vakoloni, uye vakaisa nhaka yese yetsika yavakauya nayo kubva kuEurope, kunyanya kubva kuSpain, kusanganisira chinamato cheMhandara yeRugare.
Tinogona kutaura ipapo kuti kunobva muna 1500, apo kutanga kwokunamatwa kweMhandara yoRugare kunoratidzirwa, sezvo, muna 1600, zana ramakore gare gare, chechi yaSeñor Santiago de Nuestra Señora de la Paz yakavakwa, tembere umo. Mhandara yeRugare inonamatwa kubva panguva iyoyo kusvika nhasi.
Mupiro wechitendero chetsika wakagadzirwa kubva panguva iyoyo muzana ramakore rechi XNUMX, uchitenderedza kumiririrwa kweMhandara Maria wedunhu, wakakosha kujekeswa kubvira paakave mutsigiri wezvemweya waTrujillo. Kuve ichi chokwadi chakasimbiswa munzira dzakawanda muiyo iconographic nhoroondo yenyika.
Semuenzaniso, mukugadzirwa kwemureza wehurumende, mutumbi wekudenga unogona kuonekwa, pakati payo tinowana kudhirowa kwenjiva, sechiratidzo chekukanganisa kweMhandara yeRugare muzviratidzo zvekare zvehurumende; Uye zvakare, nyeredzi inonyudzwa mune yakasvibira katatu, mativi ese echifananidzo anomiririra chiitiko chakakosha chenhoroondo, mune ramangwana redunhu, senge:
Bvunzurudzo pakati pemusununguri Simón Bolívar nomukuru mukuru weSpain Pablo Morillo, mutaundi reSanta Ana, iyo yakaratidzira kurwisana kwehondo muhondo yokuzvitonga muna 1820; kuvakwa kwechechi uko Mhandara de la Paz inonamatwa muzana ramakore rechi 1983, uko pesvedzero yeMhandara de la Paz inoonekazve; uye kugadzirwa kwechiyeuchidzo cheMhandara yeMhandara muna XNUMX, idi rinoumba chiitiko chinokosha munhoroondo yekuvandudzwa kwetsika nechitendero chedunhu reTrujillo, zvichipiwa kukosha kwaro munyika yose uye pasi rose.
Naizvozvo hapana mubvunzo pamusoro pemigumisiro inokosha iyo kushingairira kuLa Virgen de la Paz kwakava nayo kuvanhu veTrujillo.
Ngano
Nyaya dzakaunganidzwa dzinotiudza kuti nzvimbo iyo Virgen de la Paz monument iripo inonzi Peña de la Virgen; Vanoti makore e1550 akapfuura, Mhandara yakazviratidza pamberi peboka revagari vetaundi reCarmona, avo vanoti iye, aine mufananidzo wechidiki uye ane simba kwazvo, akapinda muguta ndokushanyira chitoro aine pfungwa Mushure mekutenga. mamwe makenduru okushandisa kwake pachake, vagari vomunzvimbomo, vakashamiswa nokuvapo kwake, vakamubvunza chikonzero nei akanga ari oga kudaro.
Iyo anecdote yakakurumbira, pano, inoziva shanduro mbiri: yekutanga inotaura kuti musikana wacho akapindura nokukurumidza, kusimbisa, asi zvakanyanya, nenzira inotevera "kwete chete, asi naMwari, nezuva, uye nyeredzi"; chechipiri chinoti, pakabvunzwa mubvunzo mumwe chete, mhinduro yakava inotevera: “vana, musakanganwa kuti ndinogara ndiina Mwari, muchengeti wangu”. Vanhu vakakatyamara nemhinduro yaakaita mukadzi uyu zvekuti vakafunga kumutevera kuti vaone kwaaienda.
Nyaya yekuonekwa kweMhandara, inorondedzera kuti mukadzi akaenderera mberi akananga kumunda, ndokurasika pakati pemamwe matombo, vakangokwanisa kuona kupenya kwakawanda kwechiedza, kwakabuda maari.
Pakuferefeta zvakadzama, nezvekwakabva musikana asinganzwisisiki, hapana aimuziva, kana kuti vakakwanisa kutaura kwaari; kusvika pakugumisa kuti akanga asiri munhu wepanyika, uye kuti akanga ari Mhandara chaiyoiyo, mai vaShe wedu vakaitwa nyama.
Vanoti nzvimbo yaakapotera inzvimbo inosanganirana nzizi nhatu dzinokosha uye Mhandara nekuvapo kwayo kwehumwari inodzivirira mafungu emvura kuti asawanda, mvura inogona kunaya yakawanda, asi isingafashuki; vagari vomumusha vanodavira Mhandara vanovimbisa kuti ichi ichokwadi uye kuti Mhandara inodzivirira vanhu nenzira inoshamisa pangwavaira dzose dzomusikirwo dzorudzi urwu. Tinokukoka iwe kuti uverenge nezve ndangariro dzenguva tsvene.
Monument kuMhandara yeRugare
Maererano nevamwe vanyori venhoroondo, chiyeuchidzo cheMhandara de la Paz yaiva pfungwa yakazvarwa kubva kune mugari Betty Urdaneta de Herrera Campins, mudzimai wepurezidhendi wenyika panguva iyoyo, Luis Herrera Campins; Ivo, chizvarwa chomuruwa rweTrujillo, pamwe chete nagavhuna wehurumende, Mai Dora Maldonado, vakakurudzira chirevo chokuti paitwe shongwe yaVirgen de la Paz, zvichibva pakuti mwari uyu ndiye musande waTrujillo.
Kumhanya kwavakaita basa racho, kunofungidzirwa mukuvaka kwechiyeuchidzo cheMhandara de la Paz, kwakatora mwedzi 18, kunoshamisa. Chidimbu cheunyanzvi chine maitiro anotevera: chivezwa chidimbu chesimbi uye chigadziko chekongiri chakaiswa pachiri, chinorema anenge matani 1200.
Musoro chete wechimiro unorema anenge matani masere, ane kureba kunobata, 8 metres kureba, 47 metres yakafara uye 16 metres kudzika munzvimbo yekutsigira; Iri ibasa risinganzwisisike, rine masitepisi emukati anobvumira muenzi kuti apinde mukati maro uye kupaka mune imwe neimwe yemaonero mashanu ayo anayo.
Nzvimbo yaro ine ropafadzo sezvo yakarongedzerwa kuvakwa chaipo apo Mhandara yaifungidzirwa kuti yakamuitira chitarisiko chake; Pamusoro pezvo, inomiswa pamamita 1600 pamusoro pegungwa, yakanyudzwa mugomo rezvinomera zvinopisa zvinopisa, kubva pamaonero ayo unogona kuona ingangoita nyika yese yeTrujillo, Sierra Nevada de Mérida park nedzimwe nzvimbo kumaodzanyemba kwedhamu. mudunhu reZulia.
Kubva pakuona kwehunyanzvi, chivako cheMhandara de la Paz chine zvinhu zvakati wandei zvekufunga nezvazvo; Chinhu chekutanga kukura kwayo kukuru, ndicho chiyeuchidzo cheMhandara, inoonekwa sechifananidzo chikuru muLatin America, uye chakareba kupfuura Monument yeRusununguko muUnited States of North America uye Kristu weCorcovado muBrazil, achigadzira kunze kweizvozvo. sechiyeuchidzo chine chinangwa chekupa mutero kurunyararo, ndicho chakareba kwazvo pasi rose.
Mufananidzo wekunze wechiyeuchidzo cheRunyararo, hauna ruzivo, uri nyore, wakachena, Mhandara inongofukidzwa netsika yebhuruu, chinhu chimwe chete chinomira pachena injiva yaanotakura mune rimwe remaoko ake, maererano neruzivo rusina kuvimbiswa. isina kutsigirwa, zvinonzi yaive komisheni yakaitwa nemusimudziri wayo, Mutungamiri Luis Herrera, kumugadziri webasa.
Mutungamiriri uyu akada kuti chirevo chechivezwa chisimbiswe, icho chaive chisiri chimwe kunze kwekupa mutero unodiwa kuRunyararo, kwete mudunhu chete asi mupasi rose. Zvinonzi manyepo aya aimiririra kurudziro yevaviri vemutungamiri wenyika.
Chiyereso cheMhandara de la Paz chakavhurwa pasirese muna Zvita 21, 1983, nemutungamiri wenyika pachake, nenhamba dzakakodzera kubva kuVenezuelan Catholic Church vaivepo pachiitiko ichi pamwe nevamwe vanobva kuHoly See.
Kunyangwe Mutsvene Papa John Paul II, haana kukwanisa kuenda kuvhura kugadzwa kwechiyeuchidzo cheMhandara de la Paz, akaperekedza chiitiko ichi kuburikidza neshoko reterevhizheni rakatepfenyurwa panguva yekuvhurwa kwemhemberero.
Hurukuro yekuvhura yakapihwa nenyanzvi yeTrujillo ine njere Mario Briceño Perozo. Kutungamirirwa kwechiyeuchidzo cheVirgen de la Paz, kwaiva nekutanga, mumaoko ekambani yakazvimiririra, iyo yaitarisira kurongedza zvinhu zvese zvakatenderedza chivako chakadai se: kuchengetedza, kusarura zviwanikwa zvinogadzirwa nebasa, kuhaya uye mabasa. kutarisa kwevashandi, nekuita zvirongwa zvekushanya kwechitendero.
Zvadaro, hutungamiri hwake hunopfuura kuitira kuti hurumende itore, munyaya iyi hurumende yehurumende yeTrujillo. Parizvino iyo monument yeVirgen de la Paz, inoumba danda rekukwezva vashanyi, kwete mudunhu chete, zvakare inzvimbo yekufarira kwenyika uye yepasirese vashanyi. Inofungidzirwa kuti inzvimbo yechitatu yekukwezva vashanyi mudunhu reTrujillo.
Pazasi peIsnotú, taundi uko chiremba mutsvene José Gregorio Hernández akaberekerwa uye mudungwe weTostós pakurovererwa pamuchinjikwa kwaIshe Wedu. Chete muvhiki huru iyo monument kuVirgen de la Paz, inogamuchira pakati pe11.000 ne15.000 vashanyi.
Sezvineiwo, kunamatwa kweMhandara de la Paz, uye chiyeuchidzo chayo chinoshamisa, chakasvika pakushandura mafambiro enharaunda yeVenezuela inoratidzirwa nerunyararo rwayo, uye mweya wayo webasa rekurima; asi panguva ino, yakadzivirirwa nechivako cheMhandara de la Paz, inzvimbo yayo senyika yevashanyi-yechitendero, inoisa mwero munharaunda.
Zvakakodzera panguva ino yebasa pachiyeuchidzo cheVirgen de la Paz, kujekesa kuti kuzadzikiswa kwebasa iri guru rakaitwa mukati memamiriro ezvinhu ematambudziko enyika, akaratidzwa nekudonha kamwe kamwe kwemitengo yemafuta, kusvika paPyrrhic sum. yemadhora mashanu padhiramu remafuta asina kukora.
Izvi zvaireva kusaenzana kukuru kwehupfumi padanho renyika, zvichikonzera kutyorwa kwechiyero changa chachengetedzwa kwemakore muhupfumi hweVenezuela, pakati pemari yenyika, Bolívar, neNorth America mari, dhora.
Kuti ivhare zvido zvayo zvekushanda, hurumende yakangoerekana yaderedza mari yeVenezuela, ichibva pachiyero che2,50 Bs padhora rimwe chete, kusvika ku14 Bs padhora rimwe chete, urongwa uhwu huri pasi pemutemo wekutsinhanisa mahara, ndiko kuti, kuti. mitemo yemutambo wehupfumi yakashanduka zuva nezuva munyika. Izvi zvakaita kuti pave nekutsika-tsika kwemari uye kuziviswa kwekubhuroka kwenhamba huru yemakambani, ayo aisakwanisa kubhadhara zvinhu zvakatengwa kunze kwenyika.
Ichi chokwadi chehupfumi chinozivikanwa munhoroondo yemazuva ano yeVenezuela, seBlack Friday, sezvo yaive neChishanu, Kukadzi 18, 1983, pakaziviswa chiyero. Mukati meiyi nyonga nyonga yezvehupfumi, hurumende yakasarudza kuita basa rechitendero, chiyeuchidzo cheMhandara yeRugare, kunyange kudhura 9 miriyoni Bolivars, vazhinji vaifunga kuti kwaive kukanganisa kwezvematongerwo enyika uye kwehupfumi kwehurumende iri kutonga.
KuvaKristu vanotenda nemasangano avo echitendero, mari yacho yakaruramiswa, chokwadi ndechekuti veVenezuela vanogara vachirangarira Black Friday 1983 neshungu, uye chiyeuchidzo cheMhandara yeRugare sechiratidzo chikuru cherunyararo netariro kuvanhu vepasirese.
Kunamata kweMhandara
Iyo monument kuMhandara de la Paz, inomiririra muenzaniso unonakidza wekugadzirisa hukama pakati penzvimbo kana kuratidzwa kwetsika, izvo pakutanga kuona zvingave zvinopesana uye zvisingaenderani. Pashure pamakore 36 okuvapo kwechiyeuchidzo cheMhandara de la Paz, miuyo yacho inofadza chose chose, apo rudzidziso nokunamata kworudzidziso zvinosanganiswa nechiono chohunhu chechisiko; kana kuti chitendero nekunamata kwechitendero nechiono chemazuva ano uye chinobudirira chekushanya.
Sezvakataurwa neMhandara Yorugare, ndiye musande wevanhu veTrujillo.Vanhu vanoyeuka kudzivirira kwake nokuronga mitambo inotanga musi wa24 January ichipera musi wa30 wemwedzi iwoyo. kwete tsika dzechitendero chete, dzakadai semhomho nemidungwe; tsika, gastronomic, mitambo yekuvaraidza inomukawo; izvo zvinokwezva nhamba huru yevanhu, kwete chete vatendi uye vanozvipira veMhandara.
Vashanyi vanofarira kwete chete mune zvechitendero nuance yemhemberero vanopindawo kumhemberero dzevatsvene veVirgen de la Paz, ivo zvakare vanokwezvwa nemuvara uye nemhando dzakasiyana dzezvipo zvinoyevedza zvetsika zvinounzwa mumabiko ekurangarira aMadzimai Edu. Rugare muTrujillo.
Panyaya yechivako cheVirgen de la Paz, chakazara nevanhu. Vamwe vanoenda kunopambadza shingairo yorudzidziso ndokuzvitsaurira vamene kumunyengetero mumachechi akaisvonaka ane chiyeuchidzo chaMhandara de la Paz chakavapoteredza; Vamwe vanongonakidzwa nemamiriro ekunze uye maonero anopihwa nemaonero akasiyana ayo chivako cheMhandara de la Paz chine. Kana chinamato cheMhandara yeTrujillo chichipembererwa, kukanganisa kwacho kunosvika kumativi ese enyika.
Mushure memhemberero mukukudza kweMhandara de la Paz kupera, mafaro anoitika muVhiki Tsvene anofanirwa kujekeswa, kutenderedza chivako cheMhandara de la Paz, vatendi vanobva kumativi ese enyika vanoenda kunzvimbo yacho vachitsvaga mufaro wemweya, Vamwe vanotora basa rekukumbira nyasha inovabvumira kuchengetedza mamwe mamiriro akaoma, ivo pachavo kana mhuri. Huwandu hwezviitwa zveliturgical zvakarongwa zvakatenderedza chiyeuchidzo kuVirgen de la Paz zvinoshamisa.
Inofanira kusimbiswa pakati pezviitiko zvakawanda, Kurume Kwerugare kunoitika gore negore, mukati meVhiki Tsvene, kunotanga muguta guru Trujillo, kubva mangwanani-ngwanani uye kunopera neYukaristia, padzimbahwe rechiyeuchidzo cheMhandara. rugare.
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