Pakusvika kwavaEurope, vanhu vaigara pakati peyava kuzivikanwa zvino seMexico vaiva netsika yorudzidziso yakadzokera shure kwezviuru zvamakore uko ukama navamwari hwakanga huri hunokosha. Pano tichaziva kuti vaiva vanaani vamwari veMexico.
vamwari veMexico
VaMexico vakagara muMupata weMexico, zvichida mushure mekutama kubva kunharaunda yekumaodzanyemba kweUnited States ikozvino uye kuchamhembe kweMexico kuenda kunharaunda yepakati penzvimbo yeMexico yazvino, uko vaMexico vakatanga kugara pachitsuwa chaiva mugungwa. . Ngano dzeAztec dzakati vanhu ava vakagara ikoko pashure pokunge vaona shura rakabva kuna mwari Huitzilopochtli richiratidza kwavaifanira kugara. Maererano nengano idzi, mashura iwayo aizova mufananidzo wegondo, rakamhara pacactus, rakabata nyoka.
Nokudaro, Tenochtitlán yakatangwa muna 1325, ikava guta rakabudirira zvikuru uye guta guru reAztec Empire. Kukura kweguta iri kwaive kwakabatana nekusimbiswa kwevaMexico uye kukundwa kwemaguta akavakidzana. Vanyori vezvakaitika kare vanotaura kuti, sezvo guta reTenochtitlán rakapfuma, Mexica yakabatana nemamwe maguta akanga akavakidzana, ikaumba Triple Alliance yakakunda vanhu vomunharaunda yacho. Nenzira iyi, maAztec akaumba humambo hwaive nevagari vangangosvika mamirioni gumi nerimwe.
Chiratidzo chenyika
Kuti tinzwisise basa ravamwari veMexica muchitendero chavo, tinofanira kutanga nokuzvizivisa pachedu kuti Mexica yaiona sei chisiko chapose pose. Mukutaura, Mexica yaifunga nezvepasi senzvimbo yakati sandara, ine rectangular kana yakatenderera, yakakomberedzwa negungwa rakasimuka kubva kumusoro kusvika rasvika kumatenga. Idzi dzaitsigirwa nevamwari vana (Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli, Xiuhtecuhtli, Quetzalcoatl naMictlantecuhtli) imwe neimwe yakabatana nekadhinari point: East, North, West and South.
Munzvimbo yakatwasuka ye cosmos, iyo Mexica yaitenda mukuvapo kwematanho gumi nematatu e "superworld" uye mapfumbamwe epasi. Rimwe nerimwe rematanho aya raigarwa nevamwari veMexica, nyeredzi, uye zvimwe zvisikwa zvengano. : Mwedzi waigara mune yekutanga, Citlalicue (ine siketi yenyeredzi) mune yechipiri, Tonatiuh, Zuva, mune yechitatu, uye zvichingodaro kusvika gumi nematatu zvichikwira, Omeyocan, (Nzvimbo yeDuality), imba yepakutanga. vakaroorana, Ometecuhtli naOmecíhuatl.
Zvakare kukosha kwakakosha inzira idzo Mexica yakaona nguva. Pakanga paine makarenda maviri: karenda rezuva remazuva 365 raiumbwa nemwedzi gumi nemasere nemazuva makumi maviri pamwe nemazuva mashanu "asina rombo rakanaka"; uye imwe tsika yemazuva mazana maviri nemakumi matanhatu yakaumbwa nekubatanidzwa kwezviratidzo zvemazuva makumi maviri nenhamba gumi nenhatu. Mwedzi wega wega wemazuva makumi maviri waiperekedzwa nemhemberero dzakakosha mumataundi makuru ehumambo hweMexica. Karenda yetsika yakashandiswa kuverenga mazuva akakodzera ezvimwe zviitiko (kudyara, kukohwa, kuvhima, kusarudza mambo, nezvimwewo)
Vanyori venhoroondo vokutanga veSpain vakashamiswa nenhamba huru yavamwari veMexica yavakawana (vasingasviki zviuru zviviri maererano naLópez de Gómara). Zvinhu zvakaita semvura, mhepo, pasi nemoto; nzvimbo dzemuviri dzakadai sezvikomo kana nzizi; zvinhu zvakasikwa zvakadai semheni kana mvura; mhuka, zvinomera, uye kunyange zvimwe zvinhu zvakadai sezviridzwa zvingava vanamwari kana kuti midziyo yemasimba oumwari.
Kunyangwe vamwe vanhu, varanda kana nhapwa dzehondo, asiwo vapristi kana vatungamiriri "vane" mumwe mwari, vanogona kuve ixiptla (chifananidzo kana mumiriri muNahuatl) yevamwari vari kutaurwa, kungave panguva iyoyo chete kana kwevamwe vavo. upenyu. Saizvozvovo, mwari akaita saQuetzalcoatl anogona kutora chimiro chechinhu chechisikigo chakadai semhepo, senyika (Venus), kuoneka muchimiro chemhuka (tsoko, opossum), nhapwa kana mutungamiriri wezvematongerwo enyika.
Pasina panikiro, miitiro, zvose zviri zviviri zvapachena uye zvepachivande, yakaita basa rinokosha muupenyu hweMexica yekare, zvokuti nhano imwe neimwe yenhambo youpenyu (kuberekwa, roorano, rufu, zvichingodaro) yaibatanidza kuitwa kwetsika chaidzoidzo. . Nenzira imwecheteyo, mapoka emagariro akasiyana, nharaunda kana nyika dzaive netsika dzadzo dzakagadzirirwa kukudza vamwari vavo vanovatsigira kana kusimudzira pesvedzero yavo munzanga.
Chokwadika, wakanga uri muitiro wetsika wokupira wakakwezva ngwariro hurusa pakati paavo vakarondedzera rudzidziso rwavaMexico vakare. Sezvimwe mune zvimwe zvitendero zvakawanda zvenyika, kubayirwa kwemhuka nevanhu kwaiva chinhu chikuru mukuona kwenyika yeMexico. Chinangwa chayo chaive chekudyisa Zuva neNyika. Mungano yemabviro eZuva neMwedzi, nhau yacho inotaurwa nezvokuti vamwari vaviri vakazvibayira sei mumwoto mukuru kwazvo kuti vave mitumbi miviri yomudenga uye zvokuti vakatanga kufamba mudenga.
Muchokwadi, pfungwa yekuti hupenyu hunozvarwa kubva murufu yaive yakakosha mukufunga kweMesoamerican, semungano yekwakabva munhu kubva kumapfupa. Tinoziva kuti vana, varume vechidiki nevakadzi, vakwegura, vose vanogona kunge vari "mifananidzo" yevanamwari kwenguva yakati, pakuguma kwavanopirwa.
Mexica vamwari uye nzanga
Vazhinji vanamwari veMexica vaive vakasungirirwa kune mamwe maguta, mataundi, kana nharaunda. Kuwanda kwenhamba yevamwari munguva yepostclassical yaienderana nekushanduka-shanduka kwevanhu, uye chimiro che'mhuri' yevamwari chairatidza magariro evanhu; Kana tikatarisa masangano enguva (mapoka evanhu vainyanya kutengeserana) tinokurumidza kuziva vamwari vavo vanobatanidzwa: Coyotl Inahual yevashandi veminhenga, Xipe Tótec yevashandi vesimbi yakakosha, nezvimwe.
Kunyange varombo, avo vanowanzodanwa zvisiri izvo sevaranda (tlatlacotin), vaidzivirirwa namwari ane simba saTezcatlipoca. Sezviri pachena, mapoka anotonga akanga ane ropafadzo yokuva navamwari vawo vamene vanovachengeta, vakadai saTlaloc (vaprista vanodzivirira), Xochipilli (vanokudzwa), uye Tezcatlipoca naHuitzilopochtli (yamambo amene).
Iyo Mexica pantheon yevamwari yaive yakaoma uye ichivhiringidza, vamwari vakapihwa zvirevo zvakasiyana uye mabasa, nekuda kwekuti mamwe acho ane mazita akawanda. Uyezve, kunyorwa kwechiSpanish kwemutauro weNahuatl kwakaguma nezviperengo zvakasiyana. Vanamwari veMexica vaimiririrwa mumhando yemhuka, muchimiro chemhuka-munhu, kana sezvinhu zvetsika. mwari wega wega aive weimwe yenzvimbo nhatu dzenyika dzevamwari:
- vamwari vevasiki vari pasi peTopan (denga)
- vamwari vanobereka munyika yepakati Cemanahuatl (pasi)
- vamwari vepasi peMictlan
Quetzalcoatl
Quetzalcóatl (Quetzal Serpent kana Bright-Tailed Feathered Serpent; Itzá Kukulcán, Quiché Q'uq'umatz) ndimwari anoenderana netsika dzakasiyana dzeMesoamerican, kusanganisira maToltec, maAztec, nemaMaya. Mwari Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli angangove akakosha chimiro cheQuetzalcoatl. Mukumiririra kwekutanga, Quetzalcoatl inova zoomorphic, inoratidzwa senyoka huru ine muviri wakafukidzwa neminhenga yeshiri inoera yequetzal.
Mungano dzeAztec, Quetzalcoatl ndimwari wemhepo, denga, pasi, uye mwari musiki. Inofananidzira gungwa. Marudzi ekuzvarwa eMesoamerica aitenda mune shanu eras (zuva shanu) uye zvinonzi rudzi rwevanhu rwenguva ino, zuva rechishanu, rakasikwa naQuetzalcoatl kubva kumapfupa emarudzi apfuura nerubatsiro rweCihuacoatl. Pane nyaya dzakati wandei nezvekwakabva Quetzalcóatl: zvinonzi akazvarwa nemhandara Chimalman, Coatlicue kana Xochiquetzal kana mumwe wevanakomana vana vaOmetecuhtli naOmecihuatl.
PaTeotihuacán ainamatwa samwari wezvakasikwa kubva pakutanga. Nzvimbo yake tsvene huru yaive muCholula. Aionekwa semutongi wenguva yechipiri yenyika. Tsika dzinoti Quetzalcóatl, paakanga achienda kuTlapallan asinganzwisisike, akazivisa kuti rimwe zuva aizoyambuka Atlantic neboka rake kuti atore humambo hwake zvakare.
Izvi zvinopihwa sechimwe chezvikonzero nei mutongi Moctezuma II achingozengurira achipikisa varwi veSpain pasi paHernán Cortés muzana ramakore rechi XNUMX: haaigona kurega kubatanidzwa nevatumwa vamwari. Mukutsvagisa kwazvino, tsananguro iyi inozivikanwa sekududzirwa ngano yenhoroondo, yaive nekuda kwezvinangwa zvekururamisa kweSpanish.
Hernán Cortés akanga asina mvumo yekukunda iyo yava Mexico, chinangwa chake chakanga chiri chekuongorora chete. Sezvo Mukundi akapomerwa mhosva nedare reSpain, akanyora tsamba kuna mambo, umo akazivisa kuti vaAztec vakanga vatopfuudza umambo hwavo kwaari asati auya kuzorwa nokuti vakanga vafanotaura apo Cortés akanga ari mutongi. . Nokudaro, kukundwa kweMexico kunogona kududzirwa sekudzvinyirirwa kwekumukira kweAztec uye Cortés achipukunyuka chimwe chirango cherufu nokuda kwekukunda kusina mvumo.
Huitzilopochtli
Huitzilopochtli (Hummingbird yekumaodzanyemba kana hummingbird kuruboshwe, maererano nekufungidzira kweMexica, kumaodzanyemba kwaiva kuruboshwe, kutevera nzira yezuva kubva kumabvazuva kusvika kumadokero) Ndiyo inonyanya kukosha yevamwari veMexica, mwari wavo wedzinza muchengeti. . Pakuraira kwake, vaAztec vakabva kunyika yengano yeAztlán, ndokuzorarama upenyu hwokutama-tama kwenguva refu, pashure pacho akarayira kuti agare ndokuwana guta reTenochtitlán. Vari munzira, vakaitora muchimiro chechisumbu chinoyera: tlaquimilolli.
Maererano nezvinodavirwa nevaAztec, akanga ari mwari wehondo uye zuva pakakwirira, mufananidzo wedenga masikati, zhizha nemasikati. Ngano dzekusikwa kwenyika dzinoonekwa semwanakomana wechina waIshe uye Mukadzi wehuviri Ometecuhtli (Tonacatecuhtli) uye Omecihuatl (Tonacacihuatl), akaberekwa asina muviri, uye mune iyi fomu yaivepo kwemakore mazana matanhatu. Aionekwa semukwikwidzi ane hunyanzvi kune dema Tezcatlipoca (Yayauhqui Tezcatlipoca).
Maererano nedzimwe ngano, akaberekwa kuna mwarikadzi Coatlicue. Kubata pamuviri kwakakonzerwa nebhora reminhenga yeshiri, iro mwarikadzi akavanza pasi pesiketi yake. Vakoma vevasati vazvarwa Huitzilopochtli vaida kuuraya amai vavo (vaizviona sevasina kukudzwa nemimba yake), asi Huitzilopochtli akaberekwa aine zvombo uye akakunda vese vaipikisa, kusanganisira hanzvadzi yake Coyolxauhqui (mabhero egoridhe), ane musoro wakachekwa waakakanda mukati. denga richigadzira Mwedzi.
Muchitendero chepamutemo chevaAztec, Huitzilopochtli akanga akafanana namwari ane simba Tezcatlipoca uye akatora humwe hwounhu hwamwari wezuva Tonatiuh naQuetzalcoatl. Munguva yekugadzwa, vatongi veMexico vakava hupenyu hwehupenyu hweHuitzilopochtli.
Maererano nezvinodavirwa nevaAztec, Huitzilopochtli akaberekwazve mazuva ose uye akafa nokunyura kwezuva. Aida simba samwari wezuva kuti aite rwendo rwake mudenga uye kukunda vamwari venyeredzi veCentzon Huitznaun mazuva ose. Yaifanira “kudyiswa” neropa revanhu uye mwoyo yevanhu ichiri kubvunda. Vasungwa vehondo vaibayirwa. Kuti vavimbise nhamba yakakwana yevakaurayiwa, vaAztec vakaita dzinonzi hondo dzemaruva nechinangwa chikuru chekutapa vasungwa, kwete kukunda kana kupamba.
Huitzilopochtli akamiririrwa nemuviri webhuruu uye mitsetse yero kumeso kwake, akashongedzerwa uye akapfeka minhenga yehummingbird. Mukukudzwa kwake, pakupera kwegore mutambo wePanquetzaliztli (kusimudza mureza) waipembererwa, panguva iyo hondo dzakarwiwa uye avo vakarasikirwa vaibayirwa kwaari.
tezcatlipoca
Tezcatlipoca (zvakare Metzli, Ishe weMirror Inosvuta) - MuAztec pantheon, mwari wezvakaipa, rima, uye kutsiva, ane dzinza risina kunyatsojeka. Zvinoenderana nenhoroondo dzengano, aive mwari musiki uye Zuva rePasi (Nahui Ocelotl) munguva yenyika yekutanga uye mumwe wevanakomana vana vemusiki mwari Ometeotl (Vamwari Vaviri), musiki wepasirese anosanganisira kutanga murume Ometecuhtli (Ishe weDuality) uye mukadzi Omecihuatl (Lady Duality).
Akanga ari mwari wezvipo, magumo, rima, uye chivi. Akasika moto, akatungamirira varoyi nemhare. Akafananidzirwa nechiso chakapendwa nemitsetse yakasviba, ine obsidian kana mapanga ematombo, ane obsidian girazi (girazi rinosvuta). Akatonga usiku uye rutivi rwekuchamhembe kwenyika, chiratidzo chake muAztec cosmology yaiva boka renyeredzi reGreat Bear. Maererano nengano dzeMexico, mudzimai wake aiva mwarikadzi Xilonen. Akaba mwarikadzi Xochiquetzal, mhuka inomiririra Tezcatlipoca ijaguar.
Girazi rinosvuta rinomubvumira kuona zvinhu zvose pasi pano, pasi pevhu uye mudenga, uyewo kuona uye kufanotaura ramangwana. Akanga ari mwari mukuru anonamatwa muTexcoco. Tezcatlipoca nemapatya ake Quetzalcoatl vakava nyoka uye vakakunda chikara Tlalteuctli, uye kubva kumativi maviri emuviri wake vakasika denga nenyika. Vakasimbisa basa ravo nekugadzira Muti weHupenyu, unobatanidza mazinga ose edenga, pasi penyika nePasi. Panguva yekurwisana, akarasikirwa netsoka, iyo yakabva yatsiviwa nemuviri wenyoka kana girazi rinosvuta.
Anowanzo kuratidzirwa somushori weMesoamerican mwari Quetzalcoatl (uyo, maererano nengano, akarwa hondo inotyisa yakamumanikidza kuenda kumabvazuva) naHuitzilopochtli (mwari mukuru wehondo, zuva, uye kumaodzanyemba). Tezcatlipoca neQuetzalcóatl zvakachinjana mudenderedzwa rekusika nekuparadzwa, muhondo yekusingaperi. Zvichaitika zvavamwari vose vari vaviri semienzaniso yamasimba anorwisana zvakabatanidzwa zvisingaparadzanisiki. Quetzalcóatl inotanga kuvapo kutsva kwenyika uye Tezcatlipoca inounza kuparadza uye inovhara kutenderera kwe cosmic.
acolmiztli
Acolmiztli (Iye wenyika yakakombama), anozivikanwawo seAcolnahuacatl uye Colnahuacatl ndomumwe wevamwari veMexica veMictlan underworld. Acolmiztli muchiNahuatl zvinoreva "Simba Feline" kana "Puma Arm". Anowanzo fananidzirwa secougar nhema, ine ruzha rweropa. Akapona nokupinda muumambo hwevakafa.
acuecucyoticihuati
Acuecucyoticihuati (She of the jade skirt) ndiye mwarikadzi wegungwa, mvura inoyerera uye nzizi. Akabatana nechitendero cheChalchiuhtlicue, ndiyo hypostasis yake. Sponsor vakadzi vanoshanda. Mukadzi weTlaloc uye amai veTecciztecatl. Iye zvakare muchengeti wemutsvene wekuzvarwa uye anoita basa rakakosha murubhabhatidzo rweAztec. Yakanziwo Matlalcueitl neTlaxcalans, vavengi veMexicas.
Ayauhteotl
Iko kuratidzwa kwemwarikadzi wemvura Chalchiuhtlicue munyika yevamwari veMexico. Ayauhtéotl ndiye mwarikadzi wemhute nemhute yeusiku nemangwanani, uye nekuda kwehunhu hwake hwakashata, mwarikadzi wezvisina maturo nemukurumbira. Inongoonekwa husiku kana mangwanani-ngwanani. Iye mwanasikana waTeteoinnan uye hanzvadzi yaTlazolteotl naItzpapalotl.
Itzpapalotl
"Obsidian Butterfly", mwarikadzi wekupedzisira ane chokuita nekunamata zvirimwa. Mwarikadzi wemoto uye nyeredzi mune skeletal chimiro. Mambokadzi weTamoanchan uye imwe yeCihuateteo (madhimoni eusiku) uye tzitzimime (nyeredzi madhimoni). Muchidimbu, yaive imwe yevamwari veMexica Chichimeca muvhimi. Aifananidzirwa seshavishavi rine mapapiro rakazadzwa nemashizha e obsidian kumicheto, kana nemakumbo ejaguar pamaoko nemakumbo. Mixcoatl akamuuraya.
camaxtli
Camaxtli, cuckold, anopihwawo zita rekuti Xocotl. Akanga ari mwari wedzinza weTlaxcalans uye (pakati pemamwe mazita) eOtomi neChichimecas. Ndiye wevanamwari vana veMexica vakasika nyika uye ndiye baba vaQuetzalcoatl. Ndiyewo mwari wedzinza revaChichimecas. Camaxtli aive mumwe wevamwari vana vekusika uye mwari wekuvhima, hondo, tariro uye moto uyo anonzi akagadzira.
Camaxtli inobereka kufanana kwakasimba neAztec Mixcoatl, uye zvichida yaingova yeTlaxcalan version yeMixcoatl, kunyange zvazvo paiva nenzvimbo muMexico yekare apo Mixcoatl yainamatwa saCamaxtli sevamwari vaviri vakasiyana.
Chalchiuhtlicue
Ainziwo Chalchiuhtlicue kana Chalchihuitlicue, aive mwarikadzi wemvura yakamira nenzizi pakati pevamwari veMexica. Chalchiuhtlicue zvinoreva muNahuatl iyo ine jade siketi. Mukadzi we Xiuhtecuhtli uye Tlaloc. Inomiririrwa nejasi rakagadzirwa nematombo akasvibira. Patron mutsvene wezuva rechishanu remwedzi (Coatl) mukarenda yeAztec. Maererano nengano dzeAztec, akanga ari Zuva reMvura (Nahui Atl) muzera rechina renyika. Aichengeta mvura, nzizi, hova nemakungwa nemadutu.
Chalchiuhtotolin
"Turkey nematombo". Muzvinodavirwa navaAztec rakanga riri chikepe chamwari Tezcatlipoca uye chiratidzo chesimba rouroyi. Tezcatlipoca yaitenda kuti ine simba rekuzviparadza vanhu, asi muchimiro cheTurkey Chalchiuhtotolin, anogona kudzima mhosva yake, kuchenesa uye kudzosera magumo. Yaiva mutsigiri wekarenda pazuva regumi nesere remwedzi (Tecpatl).
chantico
Uyo aigara mumba. (Cuaxolotl kana Chiantli). Pakati pavamwari veMexica, ndiye mwarikadzi wemoto, mwoyo inopisa, zvinhu zvinokosha, imba, uye makomo anoputika. Chantico airatidzwa akapfeka korona yeminzwa yecactus kana senyoka tsvuku. Chantico ainyanya kunamatwa nevapfuri vegoridhe, vashori vematombo anokosha, uye vomumhuri vaidavira kuti yaidzivirira zvinhu zvinokosha zvose zvaisiyiwa pamba.
Chicomecoatl
nyoka nomwe. Mwarikadzi wechibage mungano dzeAztec. Iye dzimwe nguva anonzi "Chikafu Chamwari", mwarikadzi wekuwanda uye nechimiro chechikadzi chechibage. Chikadzi chakaenzana namwari Centéotl. Dzimwe nguva inofananidzwa neCoatlicue. September woga woga mumwe mukadzi wechiduku anomiririra Chicomecóatl aibayirwa. Vaprista vakagura musikana wacho musoro, vakaunganidza ropa rake, uye ipapo vakariteura pamufananidzo wamwarikadzi. Mushure mezvo, mutumbi wakabviswa, mushure mokunge muprista akapfekedza ganda remukadzi akaropafadzwa.
Mwarikadzi anooneka mumarudzi akasiyana-siyana: musikana ane maruva, mukadzi ane kumbundirwa kunoreva rufu chairwo, uye saamai vanotakura zuva nenhoo. Anoonekwawo semukadzi akaenzana namwari wechibage Centéotl, chiratidzo chake chiri hura yechibage. Iye dzimwe nguva anonzi Xilonen (iyo ine mvere), iyo yaireva vhudzi remuguri wechibage chisina kupepetwa, aive akaroorwa naTezcatlipoca.
Aiwanzoonekwa aine Chalchiuhtlicue hunhu, senge ngowani ine mitsetse mipfupi inokwesha pashaya dzake. Chicomecóatl akanga aine chiso chakapendwa chitsvuku, kazhinji akabata hura dzechibage uye chimwe chinhu chakaita sechinhu chinogogodza chinofungidzirwa kuti chinoshandiswa kunamata.
Cihuacoatl
Cihuacoatl aiva mwarikadzi wembereko wevaAztec. Cihuacóatl zvinoreva Mukadzi Nyoka muchiNahuatl. Pamwe chete naQuetzalcoatl, anonzi akasika vanhu vemazuva ano nekusanganisa mapfupa evanhu kubva kare neropa. Cihuacóatl aibatanidzwa pakuzvara uye aiwanzoratidzwa mapfumo nenhoo. VaAztec vakaenzanisa kuva amai nehondo, uye vakadzi vakafa vachisununguka vakaenda kudenga rimwe chete nevarwi vakafira muhondo.
Cihuacóatl akanga ari mutungamiriri we<em>cihuateteo, zvipoko zvevakadzi vakafa pakusununguka. Cihuacóatl aiwanzotaurwa somusikana akabata mwana mumaoko ake, kunyange zvazvo dzimwe nguva aimiririrwa somukadzi murwi ane nhumbi dzokurwa nadzo nemiseve muruoko rwake.
Cihuacóatl aionekwa saamai vaMixcóatl, vaakasiya pamharadzano dzenzira. Aidzokera ikoko nguva dzose kuti acheme mwanakomana wake, asi akawana chete banga rechibairo. Aya anogona kunge ari mabviro engano dzakatenderedza La Llorona. Zita rezita rekuti Cihuacóatl mudunhu reAztec raiitwawo nemupristi mukuru, uyo aiva munhu wechipiri pashure pamambo maererano nechiremera chevakuru.
centeotl
Centéotl (anonziwo Centeocihuatl kana Cintéotl) aiva mwari wechibage mungano dzeAztec (pakutanga akanga ari mwarikadzi). Ainziwo Xilonen (Iye Ane Mvere). Centéotl aiva mwanakomana waTlazolteotl uye murume weXochiquetzal. Yaive vhezheni yechirume yeChicomecoatl (Nyoka nomwe). Maererano neFlorentine Codex, Centéotl akanga ari mwanakomana wamwarikadzi wechisiko Toci namwari Tlazolteotl. Ruzhinji rwemashoko akawanikwa achitaura nezveCentéotl anoona kuti aiwanzomiririrwa sejaya rine muviri weyero.
Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinodavira kuti Centéotl aimbova mwarikadzi wechibage Xilonen. Centéotl aive mumwe wevamwari vakakosha venguva yeAztec. Pane zvakawanda zvakafanana mumifananidzo yeCentéotl. Semuenzaniso, chibage chinowanzofananidzirwa pamucheka wake. Humwe hunhu mutsara mutema unobva patsiye uchienda padama uchiperera pamagumo emutsara weshaya. Aya mavara kumeso akafanana uye anowanzoshandiswa muPostclassic mifananidzo yeMaya Maize Mwari.
Mu tonalpohualli (karenda yemazuva 260 inoshandiswa neMesoamerican cultures) Centéotl aiva "Ishe wezuva" kwemazuva akaverengwa "manomwe" (chicome muchiNahuatl) uye ndiye wechina "Ishe weusiku." Mungano dzeAztec, chibage ( Cintli muNahuatl) chakaunzwa pasi rose neQuetzalcoatl uye chinobatanidzwa neboka renyeredzi rinozivikanwa nhasi sePleiades.
coatlicue
Coatlicue ndiye mwarikadzi wepasi, hupenyu nerufu. Aimiririrwa semukadzi ane siketi yakagadzirwa nenyoka uye necklace yemaoko nemisoro yevanhu, tsoka dzake dzakaperera mune nzara dzejaguar. Mukutenda kweAztec, yaifananidzira Nyika, mupi wehupenyu nePasi, ichidya zvese zvakavigwa mairi. Akanga ari amai vaQuetzalcóatl naXólotl, pamwe chete namwari wezuva Huitzilopochtli (uyo, maererano nengano, akabereka mhandara pashure pokunge agamuchira bhora reminhenga rakadonha kubva kudenga), Mwedzi uye Nyeredzi.
VaAztec vainamata Coatlicue zvine utsinye, vachimupa zvibayiro zvavanhu, vachidavira kuti ropa rake raipa mbereko kunyika. Maererano nengano, gore rimwe nerimwe mwarikadzi aikumbanirwa nomwanakomana wake amene, Xipe Totek, uyo aiisa tsanga dzechibage mukati make mukati menhambo yacho. Kuti mbeu dzimere, mwarikadzi aida tsigiro yavanhu vanofa, naizvozvo vaprista vake vakabayira mwoyo yakanga yabvamburwa pavanyajambwa vapenyu, vachidiridza pasi neropa ravo, uye kusima misoro, maoko, uye mwoyo zvakatemwa muvhu, izvo mwarikadzi akabatanidza. kumutsipa wake.
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