Tinogara panyika yavanoti ndiyo chete ine mamiriro ekugarwa nezvisikwa zvipenyu. Kubva muchadenga unogona kuona zvikamu zvinoitsanangura. Tinokukoka iwe kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezve zvimiro zvePasi.
Kwakabva zita reNyika
NASA National Aeronautics uye Space Administration inoti maererano ne Origin and Evolution of the Earth:
“Pasi ndiyo yega nyika isina zita rayo kubva mungano dzechiGiriki/chiRoma. Iro zita rinobva kuOld English neGermanic.
Pasi rakanyorwa muChirungu uye rinobva pashoko rechiGermany rokuti "erde", rinoreva pasi. Zita iri rinotaura zviri pasi petsoka.
Vamwe vanofunga kuti kana zviri izvo zvainazvo pamusoro payo, nyika yaifanira kudaidzwa kunzi MVURA, sezvo inopfuura 75% yenzvimbo yaro yakazara nayo.
Nzvimbo iyi izere nemvura nevhu ndiyo pasi redu; Nyika, iyo yakapihwa hunhu hunopa zvisikwa zvipenyu mukana wekuva vagari vayo.
Nyika kubva muchadenga
Kare, mabhuku echikoro chepuraimari airatidza kekutanga mufananidzo iwoyo unoramba uri mundangariro dzevanhu nekusingaperi, chimiro chenyika denderedzwa rine mativi akazara nemvura, mamwe ane ivhu nezvinomera.
Zvisinei, kana mapikicha kana mavhidhiyo echimiro chayo akacherechedzwa kubva muchadenga, zvinhu zvawo zvose zvinoyera. Kuonekwa mumhepo, sechitubu chinopenya chinoratidza nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzepasi nemakungwa akaipoteredza.
Parizvino, International Space Station (ISS), yeNASA, inzvimbo inoongorora kutenderera kwePasi uye iri kunze kwemhepo zvachose, ichipa mukana wekuona kurarama kuburikidza neiyi satellite kamera kuti nyika yedu yakaita sei.
Zviyero zvePasi
Zvakatozivikanwa kuti Nyika, Haisi denderedzwa rakakwana, asi denderedzwa rakapepereswa nematanda, zvine hunyanzvi dhinominesheni ye spheroid inoshandiswa. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti chinhambwe kubva pakati kuenda kuequator uye kubva pakati kuenda kumatanda hazvina kufanana.
Kune mamwe data akarekodhwa kuburikidza nematanho echinhambwe akadai se:
- Nzvimbo yepasi: 510.072.000 km2
- Oceanic kuwedzera: 3,6.108 km2
- Nharaunda yeKondinendi: 1,5.108 km2
- Equatorial radius: 6.378,1 km
- Polar radius: 6.356,8 km
Iine "mutsara wekufungidzira", pamwe chete nemeridians, iyo yaizobatanidza "North pole neSouth pole". Nyika yakakamurwa kuita mativi makuru maviri kuburikidza nemumwe mutsetse unova equator.
Kuziva pamusoro penyika ne geoid
Geodesy, iyo yave ichizivikanwa seimwe yeSainzi yePasi kwemamwe makore, yanga ichidzidza kurongeka kwepasi uye nekudaro inoimiririra se "spheroid ine nzvimbo isina kuenzana uye yakatsetseka zvishoma pamatanda", yakanyatso kunzi "ellipsoid". zvechimurenga”
The pamusoro pe chimiro chepasi Kuburikidza nemaitiro ayo echisikigo uye ekugadzira, ivo vanofunga kumiririrwa kuburikidza nesainzi iyi, vachishandisa kuverenga uye zvichibva pane chaiyo data, mundima yegiravhiti yepasi, inogona kupa ruzivo rwechokwadi nezvechimiro chayo.
Kune ese ari pamusoro pePasi data, geoid inotorwa senzira yepedyo yekuziva nezvePasi. Kutanga kubva padanho regungwa, kupa kuverenga kwakanaka uye kwakashata kunopa ruzivo rwakafanana nezvekuwedzera kwepasi.
Zvinokatyamadza kuti kuongorora kwakaitwa nenyanzvi muGeodesy kunoratidza kuti maumbirwo chaiwo epasi akafanana nebharumu rabviswa mweya. Kutenderera kunoitwa nenyika nezve axis yayo ye360º, inotipa elliptical inogona kushandiswa sereferensi kuratidza. chii chakaita nyika.
Ellipsoid ye revolution hypothesis
Geodesy maererano neRAE:
"Chikamu che geology chinotarisa chimiro uye ukuru hwePasi kana chikamu chikuru chayo, uye chinobata nekuvaka mamepu anoenderana."
Iri bazi ragara richidzidza chimiro nekukura kwenyika, Ndiyo hwaro hwezvidzidzo zvakaita se:
- kwakaita nzvimbo yacho
- Injiniya yemarudzi ese
- zvirongwa zvemuchadenga
- Kuongorora nyeredzi
- Geophysics
Kwemazana emakore, Pasi rakadzidzwa zvakadzama nevatsvakurudzi venguva imwe neimwe, avo, zvichienderana nedzidziso uye kufungidzira uye vachitsigirwa nemashoko anofungidzirwa, vakagadzira zvinomiririra zvinomiririra zvepasi nemapu uye mativi.
Chokwadi, pane imwe nguva zvainzi Nyika yakati sandara uye zvakatora makore kuti ione kuti yakanga yakaurungana kana kuti yakaita denderedzwa. Zvidzidzo pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi 22 zvakaratidza kuti pane musiyano mukuru pakati pema semi-axes epasi ellipsoid angangoita XNUMX km. Ngationei iyo inogoneka yepasi pevhu, chimiro chayo chaibva chave spheroid sezvakaratidzwa pazasi:
denderedzwa renyika
Kana kuMiddle Ages, Nyika yakamiririrwa kekutanga, yaive nenzira yechimiro chakakwana chebhora, pakanga pasina misiyano mumatanda uye zvishoma muequator. Nyika, makondinendi, makungwa nemakungwa zvakakwevedzwa zvakanyatsonaka. Kuzivikanwa kwake kwekutanga kwaive "terrestrial globe".
Kana materesikopu esainzi uye zvidzidzo zvesatelliti zvichionekwa, izvo zvakaratidza kuputika pamapango, zviri pachena kuti pasi rakati sandara munzvimbo yeequatorial. Izvi zvakaratidza kuti nyika dzakabudirira dzakaita seNorth America neEuropean continent dzine dunhu diki uye South America neAfrica ihombe.