Sezvinomera zvinodyiwa zvakaita sespinachi neboraji, mandrake chirimwa chemusango uye zvakafanana nezvakataurwa, asi iyi ine muchetura zvakanyanya. Zvinokonzera kurwadziwa mudumbu, kurutsa, tachycardia uye kuona zvinhu. Muzviitiko zvakakomba zvechepfu zvinogona kutungamirira kucoma uye kuva nemigumisiro inouraya.
La mandrake (Mandragora officinarum) chirimwa chiri chemhuri yeSolanaceae. Kune ayo ane muchetura uye hallucinogenic zvimiro, zvichiperekedzwa nechimiro chinoda kuziva cheanthropomorphic mudzi muchirimo, kare. Yaionekwa se "mashiripiti" uye yakapiwa masimba makuru mutsika dzakawanda dzakakurumbira. MuItaly mandrake (inozivikanwawo semandragola) inokura yega. Kune avo vasiri nyanzvi, zvinogona kuvhiringidzwa nyore nyore nemiti inodyiwa yakadai seborage uye sipinashi, iyo inogovera zvakafanana pakuonekwa. Hazvina kungoerekana zvaitika kuti zvakapera muzviitiko zvakawanda nekuda kwekudhakwa.
Chii chinonzi madrágora
Iyo mandrake, chirimwa chiri cheboka re dicotyledonous angiosperms, inotumbuka mumatsutso uye ine hunhu hwakachenuruka maruva ebhuruu. Mashizha, madiki uye asinganyatso nzwisisike fluff, akarebesa uye anowanzoita oval muchimiro. Zvibereko zvayo, mabheri ane nyama, ane yellowish. Nekudaro, chinosiyanisa chimiro ndiwo mudzi, unowanzo forogo, uyo mune mamwe sampuli uye kunyanya munguva yechirimo inoratidza anthropomorphic humbowo. Iyi tsanangudzo, yakabatana nehupfumi hwayo, aita kuti ive chirimwa che "varoyi" kuguma pakati pemitambo yakawanda esoteric uye zvimwe zvakawanda zvinotendwa zvakakurumbira.
Nei ine chepfu?
Sezvimwe zvirimwa zvemhuri yenightshade, mandrake ine alkaloid yakawanda inoita kuti ive muchetura uye isingadyike. Pakati pezvinhu zvine chepfu zviripo muchirimwa tinowana atropine, scopolamine uye hyoscyamine; Zvisinei, muhuwandu hwakakwana, vanewo mishonga yemishonga. Hazvisi zvisinganzwisisiki kuti mandrake imwechete munguva yekare yaishandiswa semushonga une simba wekurwadziwa, pamwe nekufambisa kurara uye simba repabonde (aphrodisiac masimba akabatanidzwa nayo). Chaizvoizvo, zvimiro zvemisimboti inoshanda zvakanyanya narcotic, analgesic uye sedative. Zvisinei, huturu hwakanyanyisa hunodzivisa kushandiswa kwayo mumishonga yemakwenzi, kunyange zvazvo nyanzvi dzepamusha dzinogona kugadzira mandrake-based dilutions.
Marwadzo uye kufungidzira: chii chinoitika?
Toxicity haina kufanana munzvimbo dzese dzechirimwa uye chikuru chinowanikwa mumudzi wayo wakasarudzika. Mhedzisiro, iyo inogona zvakare kutungamira kucoma uye kufa kana ukadhakwa zvakanyanya, kazhinji kurwadziwa mudumbu, tachycardia, kurutsa, high blood pressure, uye pfari. Kana mishonga ine muchetura ikadarika imwe chikumbaridzo, kufungidzira, amnesia, uye kumutswa kwepabonde (saka iyo 'aphrodisiac' simba) inogona kuitika, yakafanana nemishonga yakasiyana-siyana. Hurukuro hunogona kuve hwese hwekuona uye hwekunzwa uye hunoperekedzwa nekurwadza kwemudumbu.
nhau dzekudhakwa
mumanda yave pakati penyaya dzakawanda dzenhau nekuti inotsinhaniswa nezvinomera zvinodyiwa zvakaita seboraji, zvakare zvinongoerekana zvaitika, uye sipinachi. Chikonzero chiri mukufanana pakati pemiti, iyo zvisinei ine mimwe misiyano mumaziso enyanzvi (somuenzaniso, chimiro chemashizha uye huwandu hwefluff). Izvi semuenzaniso weimwe mhuri yakapedzisira yava muchipatara mushure mekudya muriwo wakaoma nechando, zvinokwanisika kuti mandrake akamera zvega mumunda ndokukohwewa achiuraya sipinachi.
Ngano
MuchiGreek tsika kune humwe hukama pakati pemandrake, imbwa uye mwarikadzi Hecate. Kutonga kweuyu mwari werima wepasi rinozivikanwa chaizvo nemakuva. Boka rengano uye ngano dzechivanhu dziripo muEuropean, Arab neAsia tsika dzinogona kurondwa kumashure kune imwe ngano yepakutanga. Kubva munyaya idzi munobuda dingindira riri panguva yemabviro emunhu, umo murume pachake anobva pamumanda, kushandisa iyo anthropomorphic mufananidzo kubva pamudzi.
Munyaya tinogona kuverenga sei "Varume vekutanga vangadai vaive mhuri yemamandaraki makuru anonzwa kuti zuva ringadai rakaita hupenyu uye kuti, ndoga, vangadai vakazvibvisa panyika.". Kana, chii "Munhu pakutanga akaonekwa pasi pano ari muchimiro chemamandireki anotyisa, anorarama nehupenyu hwekuzvarwa, uye mweya woWokumusoro-soro wakavamanikidza, nokuvashandura, nokuvabata zvakaipa, pakupedzisira vakavadzura; kuvashandura kuva vanhu vakapihwa pfungwa nemafambiro avo. […] Kubva pane izvi tinogona kufungidzira kuti mumanda ine hukama nengano yekwakabva munhu”.
Kunyangwe isiri ngano yekwakabva mandrake, zvinonakidza kuona kuti, mune idzi cosmogonies, mavambo echirimwa anotendwa kuti akakura kupfuura emunhu.
Sezvatinogona kuona, hapana ngano yechokwadi uye yakanyatsorongeka pamusoro pekwakabva mandrake yakasara. Mitemo mishomanene bedzi, iyo yakachinjwa nguva imwe neimwe, yakabudirira kupi nokupi muzvinodavirwa zvakakurumbira uye mungano. Chokwadi ndechekuti chirimwa ichi chine muchetura chaionekwa sechinyakare uye hazvisati zvazivikanwa kuti chakatanga here kana kuti pakutanga kwevanhu.
Zvimwe zvinotendwa
Midzi mikuru nemichero zvaive zvikamu zvechirimwa izvo zvaishandiswa pakurapa uye psychoactive mhedzisiro. Kubva kare, chimiro chemudzi chave chichishandiswa kuziva maitiro emurume kana mukadzi. Ichi chiziviso cheanthropomorphic chave chiri kurudziro mungano, zvitendero uye tsika dzine chekuita nechirimwa ichi.
Zvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvemuMiddle Ages zvine chokuita nechitendero chokuti kana munhu akatongerwa rufu anosungirirwa, nguva yaanofa, urume hwayo kana weti, inowira pasi, inopa mandrake. Musoro wenyaya uyu unowanzo kuteverwa netsanangudzo yemaitirwo ekukohwa chirimwa. Zvaidavirwa, chaizvoizvo, kuti munhu upi noupi aiedza kuiparadza, asiwo ani naani aidhumana nayo netsaona kana kuti akafamba pedyo zvikuru nayo, aizofa. Kutenda zvakare kunoti kana imbwa yakasviba kana yakasviba yakasungirirwa, kungave nemuswe kana nemutsipa, kumudzi wechirimwa, inoidzura uye kunyangwe imbwa ichibairwa, chirimwa chinogona kubva kushandiswa..
Mukushandurwa kwengano kuita chitendero chakakurumbira, chikonzero chechirevo chisina kururama chinonyangarika uye fananidzo inoreva munhu wese akasungirirwa.
Mandragora uye hukama hwayo nerufu
Ukama huri pakati pemandrake nerufu iripo mune zvimwe zvitendero. Kazhinji kuvepo kwechirimwa kunosanganiswa nenzvimbo dzinovigwa zvitunha, sekutenderedza makuva.
Mandrake zvakare akaonekwa aine enigmatic molybdenum uswa waHomer. Munyaya, yakaiswa mubhuku rechigumi reOdyssey, ndiyo mwari Hermesi, "mutumwa wevamwari", uyo anopa mushonga wemashiripiti kuOdysseus. Chinangwa chaive chekuishandisa sedziviriro pasefa yemuroyi Circe, inokwanisa kushandura varume kuita nguruve. Munyaya, iyo molybdenum herb inoita chiito chakapesana neiyo yemhando yemashiripiti herbs: inodzivirira shanduko kuita mhuka, pachinzvimbo chekuipinza.
Literature
Mumanda inozivikanwa zvakare mutsika dzechiJuda uye iripo muTestamente Yekare. Inotaurwa munyaya ine chirevo che "chihedheni", umo chirimwa chinoshandiswa se svikiro rekutsinhana neaphrodisiac uye fetiraiza zvimiro. Muchokwadi, chirimwa ichi chave chichitariswa, kunenge kwese kwese, seyakanaka aphrodisiac. Hakusi pasina kuti Aphrodite, mwarikadzi wechiGiriki worudo, aiva nezita remadunhurirwa rokuti Mandragoritis.
Ngano uye Harry Potter
Ngano inonyanya kuzivikanwa yakabatana nemandrake ndeye kuchema kwe 'mhondi' kubva pamudzi wayo kana yadzurwa, uye inobatanidzwa chaizvo kune yayo anthropomorphic fomu. Kuti uikohwe zvakachengeteka, maererano netsika yakakurumbira zvakare yakataurwa naMachiavelli, chirimwa chinofanira kusungirirwa imbwa kuti idzure. Nzira iyi inoshora mhuka, asi inovimbisa kuunganidzwa mu'kuchengeteka'. Kuchema kwemandrake kwaivewo protagonist muHarry Potter fantasy saga, muchitsauko Harry Potter uye Chamber of Secrets.