Muchikamu chepakati, kurwiswa pamwe chete nemitsetse yeSt. Vith neBastogne kwakaenderera mberi uye pana December 18 vaGermany vaitsigira Hitler vakakunda kukunda Schnee Eifel. Zvikamu zviviri zvezvombo zvinotangwa pamusoro pezvidziviriro zveBastogne, asi madhipatimendi einjiniya eAmerica anomisa kufambira mberi kweGerman nenhevedzano ye maroad blocks, kureba zvakakwana kuti bvumira iyo 101st Airborne Division kuti isvike kuguta diki reBelgian nenyika pana Zvita 19, panguva inokosha yehondo.
Zvikwata zveGerman zvehondo zvinotadza kutora Bastogne nedutu pass, zvichisiya chikamu chevacheche kuenda. kukomba mauto eUS ari ega.
"Enda kugehena!": kuramba kwe101 muBastogne
Zvichakadaro, Eisenhower nevakuru vari pasi pekuraira kwake vatora matanho anodiwa ekumisa "kutyora" bulge «) iyo yakavhurwa mumubatanidzwa wekutumirwa. "Ike" inopa Montgomery neUS 1st uye 9th mauto, nebasa rekudzikamisa kumberi uye. kudzivirira maGermany kuti asvike paMeuse uye obva aenda kune counterattack. Sekuchengetedza, mabhiriji pamusoro perwizi, aiitwa nezvikamu zvina zveBritish, akacherwa zvakadaro.
Muchikamu chekumaodzanyemba, kudivi rerudyi rakabatana, zvisinei, General George Patton ane 3rd Army, vakamhanyira kumabvazuva, yakatoita 90 ° kutendeukira kuchamhembe (a tactical uye logistical masterpiece) kusvika nekukurumidza sezvinobvira Bastogne uye kutyora kutenderedzwa kwayo..
Muchokwadi, zviri chaizvo muBastogne kuti magumo emunda anosarudzwa. tora izvi mugwagwa mudiki asi uchikosha zvaizoita kuti maGermany achengetedze nhare mugomba rakazaruka muAllied deployment, kuti. pfuurira mberi kwavo vakananga kuMeuse. Asi nepo mauto ehondo achienderera mberi, Varwi veGerman vanotadza kukunda kupikisa kunotyisa kubva kuAmerican paratroopers.
Kushaikwa kwezvinhu zvekukunda Hitler
Zvichakadaro, mamiriro ezvinhu muguta rakakombwa ari kuwedzera kuoma: Masoja eAmerica, angangoita zviuru gumi nezvishanu, anga asina zvekushandisa kwemazuva: pane kushomeka kwepfuti, chikafu, mushonga.. Denga richine makore, hapana rutsigiro runobva kumusoro. MaGerman ari kumanikidza zvakanyanya uye zvakanyanya, asi mutungamiriri wechi101, Brigadier General Anthony C. McAuliffe, akanaka pakubata zvinhu zvishoma zviripo uye zvinobudirira kutungamira artillery moto.
Zvichakadaro, varume vake vari kuratidza ushingi hukuru nekutsunga.. Mu masango akaomeswa nechando akatenderedza Bastognevasina mabhachi echando sezvavaimhanyiswa kumberi, nemabara mashoma, vasina zvokudya kwemazuva, Mheremhere. Eagles Hazvina kungoerekana zvaitika kuti, kunyange nhasi, 101st Paratroopers iri pakati peanonyanya kuzivikanwa uye anoremekedzwa zvikuru eAmerican units.
El December 22 chokwadi chinonakidza chinoitika. Mupurisa wekuGerman anosimudza mureza chena, anosvika kumitsetse yekuAmerica, uye anoendesa meseji: General von Lüttwitz, mukuru wemauto akakomba Bastogne, anokoka maAmerican kuti azvipire. Nekune rimwe divi, mamiriro emauto eAmerica apererwa. Vasungwa, mukuru weGermany anovimbisa, vachabatwa neruremekedzo.
Mhinduro yakanyorwa Jenerali McAuliffe anotumira kune maGerman anotarirwa kudzika muzvinyorwa: "Nuts!" anonyora McAuliffe, izwi rinoreva kuti "nzungu" asi rinogonawo kushandurwa se "mabhora" (mupfungwa yakafara yekuti "fuck you"), uye iro rinoshandurirwa muchiGerman neinonyanya kunzwisisika "Enda!" kugehena. ! ".
Vakashongedzerwa zvakare kurwisa Hitler!
Zuva rakatevera, December 23, denga rakanga rakajeka zvakare uye mauto eAmerica akapiwa kubva kumusoro. Pamusoro pezvo, varwi zvino vanogona kupa rubatsiro rwekukurumidza kune varume vari pasi. Zvakadaro, musi waDecember 24, Manheru eKisimusi, maGerman anoita seada kuvhara kubata kwavo paBastogne. Pausiku hweKisimusi kurwiswa kwakasimba kunoitika, asi panguva ino zvakare kupambwa kweGerman kunozvidzwa: Mauto aLüttwitz arikurwawo akashinga, achikuchidzirwa nekuzvikudza kwekuda nyika, asi apererwa nesimba uye denga rava kuda kudonha. pamusoro pavo, dutu remabhomba nemabhomba.
El December 26, nepo injini dzevarwi vemubatanidzwa dzakatinhira mudenga, the US 4th Armored Division. General George Patton akamusundidzira kumberi, achimukurudzira kuti akurumidze, achidurura shungu dzake dzose kuvarume vake. Matangi Sherman (M4-A1) uye vaparadzi vetangi Jackson (M-36), wobva wapa hupenyu kuhondo ine simba ne Panthers ( chombo V) uye Tigers veGermany, vari kurwisana nekutsunga kune rumwe rutivi.
Kunyanya izvo zvisingagoneki fallschirmjäger (lit. "parachute hunters"), vanofananidzira kune "madhiyabhorosi egirini" ayo akanetsa kwenguva refu maAllies paHondo yeCassino, akatarisana nevarume vaPatton: vakaungana. mudzimba, pakati pemiti, vakaisa kurwisana kwakasimba uye kupererwa. Pakupera kwezuva, mushure mekurwa kwakaoma, matangi ekutanga echikamu chechina anosvika padziviriro yeguta uye ajoinha 4.. Zvishoma nezvishoma yakasara yePatton's 3rd Army, iyo 4th Armored Division yakavhura nzira, inopinda nepakati kubva kumaodzanyemba uye inoputsa kukomba: hondo yeBastogne inokundwa.
Iyo gap yakavharwa: iyo allies counteroffensive
Sezvo varume ve3rd Army vachirwira kuchengetedza Bastogne mberi kuchamhembe, maAllies ivo zvakare vanovhara zvachose kupambwa kwaPeiper uye 1st SS Armored Division. Hitler anobva araira Dietrich neHondo yechitanhatu kuti vaungane kumaodzanyemba uye vatsigire Manteuffel, uyo anoenderera mberi achienda kumadokero nemapoka ake ane zvombo, akananga kuMeuse.. denga, Allied fighter-bombers vanotanga "kudya" pa tank MaGerman akapera huni uye pasina chekuvharira.
MaGermany zvino akundwa uye Mapoka eAllied anotorazve nzvimbo yakarasika, kuvhara mukaha kubva kuchamhembe nemauto eMontgomery (American 1st uye 9th) uye kubva kumaodzanyemba nemauto echitatu ePatton.. Kurwisa kwakundikana, asi Hitler haadi kuzvibvuma uye anosimbirira kuti kufambira mberi kuenderere mberi. Manteuffel akazotaura nehasha achiti:
"[...] Ndakafonera Jodl ndikamukumbira kuti azivise Führer kuti ndanga ndoda kubvisa mauto angu [...] Asi Hitler akapikisa danho iri shure. Saka pachinzvimbo chekubvisa zvine hurongwa uye nenguva, takamanikidzwa kudzoka mita nemamita pasi pekumanikidzwa kweAllied kurwiswa ... kwatiri zvaireva kuparadzwa. "
Von Rundstedt haachatsigiri Hitler
Nemaonero akafanana, von Rundstedt, mutungamiriri weWestern Front, akapikisa kurwisa kweArdennes kubva pakutanga:
“Ndingadai ndakada kumisa chigumbu ichi nokukurumidza, pazvakava pachena kuti hazvaigona kuita chinangwa chazvo kare; asi Hitler akaomerera nehasha kuti aifanira kuenderera mberi. Yaiva yechipiri Stalingrad ".
Musi waNdira 16, mitsetse miviri yeAllied inofambira mberi, akabatwa negumbeze gobvu rechando; vakasangana muHouffalize, pakati peArdennes. Kupukunyuka," bundu racho ", sekudanwa kunoitwa maAnglo-America, yakavharwa. Herbstnebel yakabhuroka
Kuongorora uye mhedzisiro yeArdennes inogumbura Hitler
Vachizviratidzira vasina hanya kune kurwisa-kurwisa muArdennes, vachiregeredza nyevero dzese dzekuti kuvhiyiwa kwakadaro kwave pedyo, uye vachizvitenda kuti kurwiswa ndiko kwakanakisa kudzivirira, maAllies. vakanga vari mungozi chaiyoiyo yengwavaira huru muna December 1944.
Zvisinei, Eisenhower nevari pasi pake, Bradley, Montgomeryasi kunyanya mukuru patton, vanokwanisa chaizvo ita nekukurumidza zvakanyanya, uchishandisa simba guru riripo. Kana pakutanga kwechiGerman chinogumbura maAllies anotumira varume vanopfuura 100.000, kurwisa maGerman 350.000Panguva yechisarudzo chehondo, 800.000 masoja uye anopfuura zviuru zvitatu zvemotokari dzehondo dzichasangana paArdennes.. Kurwiswa kwemauto matsva nematangi, kurwisa akaneta uye akasakara mapoka eGerman, ayo anomanikidzwa kubuda, achisiya. 80.000 varume vakaurayiwa, vakashaika uye vakakuvadzwa.
Kunyange maAmerica akave nenguva yakaoma zvikuru. Kune vanenge zviuru makumi maviri vakafa, zviuru makumi mana nevaviri vakakuvara, vanopfuura zviuru makumi maviri vakashaika uye vasungwa. Hondo yeBulge, yakarwiwa pakati pe kunaya kwechando kukuru, panguva a chando chechando, nevarwi vaduku zvikuru uye vasina ruzivo rwokuzviwanira, akanga ari kuuraya mativi ose ari maviri. Kuti vakunde hondo, Germany neUnited States dzakada nhamburiko huru kubva kuvana vadzo: varwi vazhinji veGermany, asiwo vazhinji vokuAmerica, havasati vari vanhu vakuru.
Kukunda, kukundwa, chidzidzo
Hondo yakarwiwa nemaAllies akarwa naHitler muna Zvita 1944 yaive kukunda kwemauto, zvisinei, inosiya nhaka huru. Kana vasati vabatwa nepfungwa yekufambira mberi, zvekusvika pakuregeredza kudzivirira uye kuisa njodzi yekudzokera shure, mushure meArdennes, Eisenhower nevazhinji vevakuru vakuru vake vanozotanga kungwarira zvakanyanya dzimwe nguva.. ari kutya kwezvitsva zvinopikisa, kutarisisa kusaratidza zvakanyanya, kunetseka kwekutarisana nekurasikirwa kukuru zvakare, zvichaderedza zvakanyanya mashandiro anotevera, zvinobudirira kudzivirira maAllies kuti asvike Berlin kutanga.
Kune maGerman, kune rumwe rutivi, maArdennes anomiririra a mukana wekupedzisira kuchinja izvo zvino zvinoita senge mhedziso yakafanotaurwa. Germany yakakundwa muhondo. Hitler akakundwa muhondo. Zviri pachena kuti haana kurasikirwa nayo muArdennes, asi kubva zvino zvichienda mberi inongova nyaya yenguva. Muna Ndira 1945, kumabvazuva, veSoviet vakatanga kurwisa kwavo mhiri kweVistula uye mukati memwedzi vasvika kuOder (isingasviki 100 km kubva Berlin), nepo maAllies aive achiri akabatikana paRhine.
Si Herbstnebel yaive nemhedzisiro yakakosha, chokwadi yaive yekuti yakanonotsa maAllies kwenguva yakareba uye yakabvisa mauto akakosha kubva kumberi kwekumabvazuva, ichipa Berlin kumauto aStalin.. Kuita kwechisimba muArdennes, kupenya pabepa asi kusingabviri kuwana, hakuchinji magumo emakakatanwa, asi pamwe kunomhanyisa mhedziso yayo. Mamirioni evagari veReich zvino vanga vachizvibhadharira.