ari kutama maitiro Ivo vanopa akasiyana-siyana akasiyana-siyana anosanganisira akati wandei ezvibodzwa zvakanyanya, chimwe chazvo chiri kuvandudzwa kwemamiriro ehupfumi, chiito chavo chikuru ndechekutamisa kubva kune imwe nzvimbo kuenda kune imwe, pano iwe unogona kuziva zvikonzero zvavo, maitiro uye zvimwe zvakawanda.
Tsanangudzo
Kutama kunoumbwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinokutsanangura sekuyerera kwekufamba kunoitwa nevanhu kubva kune imwe nzvimbo kuenda kune imwe. Nechinangwa chekugara munzvimbo zvachose. Kune chikamu chayo, kutama kunomiririra chikamu chepamusoro chine mhedzisiro huru pazvikamu zvechimiro chehuwandu hwese.
Naizvozvo, kune 2 terminologies anobatsira kunzwisisa kutama, pakati pavo tinowana immigration, izvi zvinoitika kubva panguva iyo munhu anogadzirira kupinda murudzi. Nepo kubuda kune imwe nyika mhedzisiro yekusiya imwe nyika. Vaya vanotamira kune dzimwe nyika vanozivikanwa sevatorwa, uye avo vanoenda kune dzimwe nyika vanonzi vatorwa. Kubva pachikamu ichi pane zvinotevera:
- inter-regional: Vaya vanotamira munharaunda yenyika imwe chete. Muenzaniso: kubva kuFlorida kuenda kuTexas.
- intracontinental: Avo vanotamira mukati mekondinendi imwe cheteyo, muenzaniso weVenezuela kuenda kuArgentina.
- Intercontinental: Avo vanofamba kubva kune imwe kondinendi kuenda kune imwe. Muenzaniso kubva kuUnited States kuenda kuChina.
Kazhinji kutaura, kutama ndekuzvidira. Nekudaro, pane zvikonzero zvakasiyana nei munhu anoita sarudzo yekuita chiito chakadai. Mune zvimwe zviitiko zvinova zvinosungirwa, zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu uye zvikonzero.
Kutama kunenge, nekufamba kwemakore kwakava chokwadi chinowanzoitwa, nekuda kwemamiriro ekudyidzana kwenyika, zvakanyanya uye zvakanyanya, nhasi vanhu vazhinji vane mukana wekutama kubva kunyika nekuda kwezvinangwa zvega kuti vawane hupenyu huri nani.
Hakunzi kutama, avo vanhu vanoita maitiro ezvinangwa zvekushanya, kana avo vari kuenda kubasa, chero bedzi kugara kwavo kusiri zvachose zvachose munyika, havawane hunhu hwemutorwa.
Kwemakore akawanda vanhu vakatama. Kutenda kune mamwe maitiro ezvematongerwo enyika, ehupfumi, emagariro kana echiuto, huwandu hwese hunogona kusarudza kutamira kune hutsva. Iyi ndiyo nyaya yeHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, kuburikidza iyo vazhinji vekuEurope, kunyanya avo vanobva kuSpain, vakatamira kune America kondinendi, nokuda kwezvikonzero zvikuru zvakavaita kuti vaite chisarudzo chokusiya nyika yavo kuti vapinde mune imwe.
Munguva dzino dzemazuva ano, hunhu hwekutama hunopesvedzerwa zvakanyanya nemashoko ezvematongerwo enyika neeupfumi. Nekudaro, danho rataurwa rinoenderana nemitemo nemirau iyo vanhu vanofanirwa kutevedzera kuti vakwanise, uye vasarudze kugara munyika, iyo kutama kwakaganhurirwa zviri pamutemo.
Mhando dzekutama
Kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana ekutama kwevanhu. Vese vane mutsauko uye kongiri hunhu, zvichibva pane mimwe mirairo inotsanangura uye inovazivisa. Zvimwe zvatingataura zvinosanganisira:
- kutama kwemukati: Zvinoreva mafambiro aya anoitwa nevanhu vari munyika imwechete.
Kutama kwekunze: kunoreva avo vanhu vanotama kunze kwemiganhu yenyika yavo, kureva, kubva kune imwe nyika kuenda kune imwe. - international migration: zvakare kubva kune imwe Nyika kuenda kune imwe.
- kuendeswa kwevanhu: inoitika apo vatongi venyika vanomanikidza vanhu kuti vabve munyika.
- kukanganisa kutama: Inokura kubva panguva iyo vagari venyika vanoita sarudzo yekutamira kune imwe nzvimbo nekuda kwekurwisana kwemauto.
- chain migration: dzinoitwa kuburikidza nemapoka evanhu, pakati pavo inogona kuva boka remhuri rinosarudza kutamira kune imwe nzvimbo semadzitateguru avo.
- kutama kwakadzama: Inoberekana mumwaka mipfupi, uye nenzira yakati chechetere, ndiko kuti, kubva munharaunda kuenda kuguta guru, kubva kuguta kusvika kuguta guru.
- kutama kwemwaka: Uku ndiko kutama kunomisikidzwa nenguva yakatarwa. Iyi ndiyo nyaya yeavo vanhu vanotama nekuda kwebasa.
- Kutama kwedenderedzwa kana kudzoka: Inoitika kana munhu achienda kune imwe nyika uye pashure pemwaka wodzokera kunyika yake.
Zvikonzero zvekutama
Pane zvikonzero zvakawanda zvekuti kutama kunokura, zvikonzero zvinogona kunge zvakasiyana, mune dzimwe nguva zvimwe zvakanyanya kuoma kupfuura zvimwe, zvisinei ichokwadi chisingagoni kucherechedzwa. Zvimwe zvezvikonzero izvi zvinotevera:
- Mari Nekukurudzira kutsvaga zvitsva zvebasa, hupenyu huri nani, zvikonzero zvekudzidza, pakati pezvimwe. Izvi zvinomiririra imwe huru kutama maitiro huwandu hwevanhu, ndosaka vanhu vazhinji vachisiya nyika yavo nekuda kwemamiriro ehupfumi.
- Zvemagariro: Kusachengeteka ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero nei vanhu vachiwanzobva kune imwe nyika vachienda kune imwe. Izvi mukutsvaga kuchengetedzeka uye kugara zvakanaka kwevanhu.
- Mitemo Dzivisa kunetsana kwezvematongerwo enyika, kurwisana kwehurumende, kushayikwa kwekubatana nekugadzirisa zviwanikwa.
- Cultural: Dzidzo ine basa rinokosha panyaya iyi. Kushaikwa kwemikana ndechimwe chinhu chinokosha. Tsika dzorudzi dzinogona kuva chinhu chinokwezva nokuda kwaavo vanoshuva kushanyira nyika nokuda kwedonzo rokugara ikoko.
- Environmental: Kana nyika isina mamiriro ekunze akanaka uye ezvakatipoteredza, huwandu hwevanhu huchakanganiswa, uye vazhinji vevagari vayo vachatsvaga nzira yekutamira kune imwe nzvimbo.
- Zvimwe zvinhu: Kuvepo kwezvimwe zvinhu zvinokura pamwero mukuru munyika zvinogona kuve zvakasiyana, zvisinei, isarudzo yemunhu oga uye yekuzvimiririra kuita danho rekusiya imwe nyika kuenda kune imwe semutorwa, uchifunga kuti izvo zvisingakwanisi. vakawanda.
Migumisiro yekutama
Migumisiro yacho inogona kunge isiri pakarepo. Zvisinei kuburikidza ne kutama maitiro tinogona kuona kuti nyika ine vanhu vakawanda zvikuru inogona kuunza migumisiro ine ngwavaira uye inosvika kure. Pakati pavo kuwandisa kwevanhu, pamwe chete ne Migumisiro yekukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza, kushayikwa kwekutonga kwevanhu pakati pezvimwe zvinhu. Mune zvimwe zviitiko (kwete mune zvese) chikamu chehuwandu hwevanhu vanotamira kuHurumende chinowanzo shandura rhythm yedzimwe nzvimbo, inyaya yebasa rebasa, kusachengeteka uye zvimwe zvemutemo.