La kubhuroka kwekambani Izvo zvine chekuita nekutonga kwemukati uye hunyanzvi hwakasiyana mumunda, nekuti izvo zvinodikanwa kuziva mhando nemhedzisiro inozotsanangurwa mune ino chinyorwa.
Kuziviswa kwekubhuroka zvinhu zvese zvinopinda mukutonga kwetrasti
Kubhuroka kwekambani
Kubhuroka kwekambani, imamiriro emutemo kana isingakwanise kutarisana nemitoro uye zvisungo zvehupfumi nekuti mabasa aya akakura maererano nekugadziriswa kwezvinhu zvayo zviripo, ndiko kuti, iyo femu yakabhuroka, inozivikanwawo sekukundikana; Kana iyo yakabhuroka ikaonekwa iine matongo, maitiro e insolvency anoenderera mberi nekuona kana kambani ichigona kutora zvisungo zvayo zvekubhadhara zvakamirira.
Hunhu hweiyo kubhuroka kwekambani vanoreva mamiriro ekushaya mari mune zvese zvinoisiyanisa kubva pakumiswa kwakachena kwekubhadhara; uko kunogona kuva chikwereti chisingaperi nekufamba kwenguva; anodisa kukosheswa pasina rusaruro kupfurikidza nezvokwadi dzinoratidzira kubhuroka; ihuru zvekuti pakuona kwekutanga inocherechedzwa kuti hainunurwe nevasina mari.
Mukati mezvirongwa uye mafungidziro ekambani pane kuita sarudzo chaiyo kuitira kuti vagone kupesvedzera mari uye shanduko yekutonga yezvinangwa zvavo uye kuzadzisa chimwe nechimwe chezvisungo zvavo.
Muverengi anodiwa, tinokukoka nemoyo wese kuti unakirwe, upfuure uye uverenge chinyorwa chedu bhizinesi rezvemari chirongwa kuti udzidze nezvekukosha kwekuita sarudzo.
Zviratidzo
Hunhu hwakasiyana hwekubhuroka hunoita kuti ive chokwadi chakasiyana, saka, chakasiyana nevamwe; izvi ndizvo zvinotevera:
isingachinjiki mamiriro ezvinhu
Mushure mekunge kambani yaparara, femu iyi inofanirwa kuzvipira kuparara kwayo; Chokwadi mamwe makambani achabuda, asi aya akanzi akabhuroka haashande zvakare nekuti zvinoreva kuti kubhuroka ndekwechigarire.
Actives uye pasives
Kana tichitaura nezvemidziyo yakaita sefenicha, zvivakwa, mari, zvikepe nezvimwe; Kunyangwe paine huwandu hukuru hwezvinhu uko kuverengera kuderera kunoitwa, nenzira imwechete ivo vari vashoma pane zvikwereti izvo zvine senge zvikwereti, zvikwereti, zvakamirira kubhadhara.
kuvimbika kwekambani
Kana mamiriro ekubhuroka kwebhizinesi akaitika, anowanzo kukanganisa mamwe masangano akasiyana uye makambani anobatanidzwa mumusika; zvisina hanya kuti nekuda kwekuita kwayo iwe unofanirwa kugovera kambani uye kuita kutengesa kwavo kuti uvhare imwe muzana yemari inokweretwa.
Mumiriri wemutemo
Chiito chekubhuroka chidziviriro chinogona kururamiswa zviri pamutemo uye kutsigirwa, chinofanirwa kuratidzwa uye kunongedzera kune zvinyorwa zvinozviratidza nekuti pane dzimwe nguva yakashandiswa nekuda kwehutsotsi; saka zvakakosha kuti nzira yacho ive yakajeka uye ine chinangwa.
Muverengi anodiwa, tinokukoka iwe kuti unakirwe uye uverenge chinyorwa chedu pamusoro zviyero zvemari uye kugona kudzidza zvishoma nezve chiridzwa chemari ichi.
Mhedzisiro
Mhedzisiro yekubhuroka inogona kutorwa sereferensi nzvimbo isati yapa mutongo wekubhuroka:
- Mukwereti haakwanisi kutungamira zvinhu zvake, akati manejimendi anoenda kumaoko esangano rechitatu rinonzi trustee kana murevereri wevatongi, kudzamara pfungwa yaitwa, kuti mari yacho ibvise vamhan'ari.
- Kubhuroka kwakanyoreswa uye kubviswa kwemidziyo yeasina mari kubva kumarekodhi akakodzera kunowanikwa.
- Nguva yakasarudzika garandi inopera uye nekukasira kuda.
- Kodzero dzevakweretesi dzakasimbiswa, sezvo chokwadi chavo chisingagone kugadziriswa zvichitevera kuziviswa kwekubhuroka.
- Vanounganidza mitongo yese yakamisikidzwa kune ane chikwereti akabhuroka pamberi pamejasitiriti ari kunzwa mamiriro kana mamiriro ekambani.
- Vanokweretesa vanorasikirwa nekutonga kwekuita kuti mukwereti ashaye mari.
- Mukwereti asina mari anopiwa kodzero yekukumbira rubatsiro kubva kunzira dzakasiyana dzevakweretesi.
Mhando dzekubhuroka kwebhizinesi
Mukati mehupfumi hwekambani, mhando mbiri dzekubhuroka dzinogona kusiyaniswa, nekuzvidira uye nekusazvidira, pazasi pane iwo mameseji:
volunteer
Munzvimbo ipi neipi isiri yekutonga kana yezvemari, unogona kuisa fomu rekubhuroka muzita rako pachako; chikwereti hachifanirwe kutaura zviri pamutemo kubhuroka kwekuzvipira, uye kambani haifanire kunge yatyora imwe yemitemo yekubhuroka.
involuntary
Kubhuroka kwekusazvidira kunotangwa nemunhu wechitatu, kazhinji nemukweretesi. Chikumbiro chekubhuroka chisingaite chinogona kukwidzwa kukambani kana chimwe chezvinotevera chiri chokwadi:
- Iyo kambani ine zvikwereti zvakapfuura zvemari inoratidza kugona kwayo kubhadhara uye kuzvipira kune vechitatu mapato.
- Vamhan'ari vanokwanisa kuratidza kuti vane zvikumbiro zvisina kugadziriswa zvakawedzerwa kune kambani.
- Iyo kambani yakamhan'ara kubhuroka mukati memwedzi mina isati yatanga chikumbiro chekubhuroka.
Chitsotsi
Rudzi urwu rwekubhuroka rwakakomba kwazvo, runoreva apo maneja wesangano, achirangarira zvaari kuita sezviitwa zvinopesana nechengetedzo uye kusimba kwekambani, anoauraya aine chinangwa chakaipa; hunyengeri uhwu hunozivikanwa mumutemo sehunyengeri maitiro.
kubviswa kwekambani
Mutirastii ndiye anotungamira uye ane chekuita nekutengesa kwekambani, zvinowanzoitika kuti vatatu vanopinda vanopihwa kuti vakwanise kuumba inobatana yekuraira komisheni yevakwereta, iyo magistracy yepamusoro inodaidza misangano inoenderera yevanokweretesa uye kuti vapedze nayo. midziyo ichaitwa pamusangano wekupedzisira wakagadzwa.
Chimwe chezvakakosha zvemutirastii ndechekubvisa zvinhu zvese zvekambani uye nekudaro kukwanisa kuchinjanisa chigadzirwa pakati pevanowana zvichemo zvakaitwa, izvo zvakaunzwa pamberi pematare, izvo zvinopa kurongeka kwezvekutanga kubviswa.
Mari yekutonga yeimba mukubhuroka, zvichireva mihoro yakawanikwa nevashandi mukati memwedzi mitatu uye haina kudzimwa nekubhuroka. Sechipiri temu yekufunga nezvayo, mitero inoenderana nekambani yakabhuroka uye inotadza nechero sangano rehurumende.
Nenzira imwecheteyo, chero chikwereti chiripo mune chero basa rehurumende kusanganisira basa rekurojesa. Zvichemo zvevatengi vakavimbiswa vanotora chigadzirwa chemvura chekutengeswa kwezvinhu, kana iri nyaya yekusakwana kubhadhara izvo zvakasimbiswa zvinodikanwa, vanomirira vanokwereta vanozove vatengi vasina kudzima.
Tevere, setemu yechitatu yekufunga nezvayo, zvinodiwa nevatengi vese uye vakaderera, kana vasina kuvimbiswa kana general, zvikumbiro zvisina kugadziriswa zvevatengi vanovimbiswa; zvichemo zvevatengi vari pasi zvine mabatirwo akafanana neakawanda, vatengi ava vanofanirwa kubhadhara mari inodiwa kune vanonyanya kukosha.
Vanosarudzika vanobatana vanotora mari yakaenzana neiyo par kukosha kana yakatarwa kukosha kweiyo yaanofarira migove; vagovani vemigove vanotora mamwe masara emari, ayo anotengeswa zvakaenzana pachikamu chimwe nechimwe. Panyaya yekuisa muchikamu cheiyo capital of common manejimendi, panogona kuve nezvinokosha.
Kumiswa kwemaitiro ekubhadhara
Nzira yekumisa mari yekubhadhara inogona kutsanangurwa semamiriro ehukama hwebasa, hunokonzerwa nekuda kwemapato kana nemutemo, yakatarwa nekudzingwa kwenguva pfupi kwezvisungo zvekutanga zvekushanda uye kubhadhara basa, nekuenderera mberi kwechibvumirano chepamutemo.
Mune zvinodiwa zvakakosha zvekumiswa ndiko kuguma kwemamiriro ezvinhu aripo, kwete kupa basa rekushanda panguva yekushanda, kusagutsikana, maitiro uye kuenderera mberi kwechibvumirano chekuti nekuda kwekuwanda kwechikonzero chekumisa kunotambura chete rudzi rwekuneta.
Mutemo wepasi rose wepasi rose unozivisa muchinyorwa chiri muchinyorwa chayo 925 kuti, "mutengesi wese ari mumamiriro ekubhuroka anofanira kuita chiziviso chakanyorwa pamberi peMutongi weCommerce wenzvimbo yake yekutengeserana, mukati memazuva matatu mushure mekutadza".
Chirevo ichi munhu ane chikwereti achabatanidza magwaro anotevera, maererano nechinyorwa 926 chebumbiro remutemo, Balance Sheet kana chirevo chezvikonzero zvinodzivirira kubhuroka kuchiunza; kutaurwa kwakabviswa kubva kune zvikonzero zvekubhuroka. Zvese zviri zviviri gwaro, chiyero uye ndangariro zvinofanirwa kutungamirwa nekusainwa nemunyoreri pasi pemhiko yekuti ndezvechokwadi zvinoenderana nechinyorwa 927.
Chiyero chinofanirwa kutonga hukama uye kukosha kwezvinhu zvese, zvemunhu uye zvisingazungunuke, uye shanduko dziri pachena nekuda kwekushaikwa kwezvikwereti zvese nemakiredhiti, mari uye purofiti uye kurasikirwa. Aya purofiti uye kurasikirwa mari zvirevo zvichange zvine makore gumi isati yabhuroka.
Mhedziso
Muchiitiko chekuti kambani kana sangano rine chikonzero chekunonoka kubhadhara kwayo, uye kutambanudza zvakatevedzana nekuda kwekukanganisa kwehupfumi kwakasiyana; kubhadhara zvikwereti zvako uye kwete kurangwa zviri pamutemo; Iwe unogona kugadzirisa bhizinesi rako murunyararo nekuenda kudare rekutengesa.
Zvikasadaro, kuti haitore zvisungo zvayo kana mabasa nekuzvidira, iyo Mexican Commercial Code inodzivirira kodzero dzevakakuvadzwa vamhan'ari vanokwanisa kubatana kukumbira kubhuroka kwekambani, kuburikidza nechiito chekuzivisa kubhuroka pamberi pedare rinoenderana.
