Kufamba kwaHitler Kwekupedzisira (Chikamu 1)

Hitler

Mukupera kwa1944, mushure mekusunungurwa kweFrance, mauto eAllied anogadzirira kuyambuka Rhine uye kupfuurira mukati memwoyo weReich. Adolf Hitler, zvisinei, achine kadhi rekutamba: kupikisa musango reArdennes, kuedza kwekupedzisira kushandura mafambiro ehondo.

Pasinei nekushamisika kwekutanga, kupikisa kunotyisa kwevarwi veAmerica uye maitiro aGeneral Patton anotungamirira kukukundikana kwekushanda kweGermany. Mhedzisiro yeGermany yakasimbiswa.

4 brushstrokes pana Adolf Hitler

Adolf Hitler akaberekwa musi waApril 20, 1889 muBraunau, Austria. Akapedza hudiki hwake muLinz neVienna uye muna 1912 akatamira kuMunich, uko muna Nyamavhuvhu 1914 akagamuchira kutanga kweHondo Yenyika Yekutanga. Murwi akakuvara uye akashongedzwa, Corporal Hitler anoisa zvakadzama mukati mechiitiko chekukonana. Muna 1919 akabatana neGerman Workers 'Party. Nekuda kwehunyanzvi hwake hwekutaura akakurumidza kuve mutungamiriri anozivikanwa wekodzero itsva, zvichipa kusimuka kuNational Socialist Party muna 1920.

Mushure mekukundikana kweMunich Putsch musi waNovember 9, 1923, Hitler akasungwa uye akapedza makore mashomanana mujeri. Panguva yekusungwa kwake akanyora "Mein Kampf" (Hondo yangu) iro rakazova chinyorwa chepurogiramu chegwaro rakateverwa, kubva muna 1925, neNational Socialist Party. Nokufamba kwemakore, kubvumirana munyika yacho kwakawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma. Pana January 30, 1933, Hitler akagadzwa kuva Chancellor weReich. Kubva panguva iyoyo, udzvanyiriri hweNazi hweFührer hwakatanga, hwakatora makore gumi nemaviri.

Vakatanga kutambudzwa nekuwedzera kwaHitler vaiva Austria neCzechoslovakia uye, nguva pfupi yapfuura, Poland, iyo yakapinda nechisimba. pana September 1, 1939, zvakakonzera kutanga kweHondo Yenyika II. Kurwisa kweNazi kunopararira nechokuchamhembe-pakati peEurope, asi muna 1942 mhepo yehondo inochinja uye Germany yakavharirwa mukutonga kwakasimba. Kuguma kwaHitler kwakaonekwa muBerlin bunker, uko muna Kubvumbi 30, 1945 mudzvanyiriri akatora hupenyu hwake nemukadzi wake Eva Braun, achizvipfura mumusoro. Kubva panguva iyoyo, udzvanyiriri hweNazi hweFührer hwakatanga, hwakatora makore gumi nemaviri.

Zvekuvhiya" Watch am Rhein "ku" Herbstnebel ”: Chirongwa chaHitler cheArdennes chinogumbura

Mukupera kwa1944, the Yechitatu Reich Iye zvino akombwa nevavengi. Kumabvazuva, maSoviet asvika kuVistula muPoland uye ari kugadzirira kutanga chimwe chigumbuso chikuru. Kumadokero, Vakabatana zvino vasvika kumahombekombe eRhine, muganhu chaiwo weGermany. Kumadokero kumberi, kunyangwe nekuomerwa uye nemutengo wekurasikirwa kwakawanda, maGerman akakwanisa kumisa muvengi mberi, achivhiringidza vavariro dzakabatana, nekuda kwehondo dzakateedzana dzekudzivirira. panguva yese yekufona west wall kana Siegfried Line, mutsetse wakasimba unodzivirira miganhu yokumadokero kweGermany.

The Anglo-American high command, zvisinei nekumanikidzwa kumbomira kunovatadzisa kupedza hondo Kisimusi isati yasvika, akanyatsogutsikana kuti hazvigoneki kuti maGermany aite chiito chinogumbura. Vanofunga kuti maGermany haana simba kana chinangwa. Mutungamiriri weGerman weWestern Front ( OB West ), Munda Marshal Gerd von Rundstedt, anoonekwa semurume akangwara uye anochengetedza, nyanzvi yekudzivirira ine hunyanzvi, asi MaAllies anowedzera huremu hwake. uye flu

Zvechokwadi, akanga ari Adolf Hitler, kuburikidza nevaurayi vake Wilhelm Keitel naAlfred Jodl, zvakateerana Chief Chief uye Chief of Staff of the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW, High Command yeGerman Armed Forces), uyo akasarudza zviito zvekuita pamativi ese. Mushure mokunge kuedza kuuraya musi waChikunguru 20 ya1944 neboka revakuru vemauto, Hitler akawedzera kusavimba ne "muchengeti wekare wePrussia" uye akazvipoteredza chete nevatsigiri vake..

kusiiwa

Kurwisa kwaHitler kuri kuuya

El Fuhrer akashatirwa, anonyumwira, ari kurwara zvinooneka, padivi peparanoia, asi akatsunga kuita izvozvo. Ane hurongwa mupfungwa, kurwisa kukuru., uye haateereri munhu upi noupi anomupa zano rokungwarira. Nokudaro, pana September 16, 1944, vakasangana Wolfschanze, dzimbahwe rake, kuna Keitel, Jodl naGuderian, ivo chete vaaivimba navo, uye vakatsanangura vavariro dzake.

Pfungwa yaHitler ndeyokudzokorora kurova kwoungwaru kwakaitwa kuFrance muchirimo cha1940. Anoronga kupinda muchikamu chisina kusimba chepamberi pemuvengi ndokucheka kutumirwa kwacho nepakati.

Semakore mana apfuura, kwete pasina, iyo isina simba nzvimbo yeAllies yave zvakare inowanikwa mu Ardennes. Inzvimbo ine makomo izere nemasango anotambanuka pakati peBelgium, Germany neLuxembourg. Inzvimbo yakaoma kuyambuka, pamberi peanopfuura 100 km, iyo zvakadaro ine vanhu vakashata, kunyanya nemauto eAmerica anoonekwa sehuwandu uye nehunhu hwakaderera kune veGerman.

Kutora mukana we mamiriro okunze akaipa yakarongerwa mukupera kwematsutso kwa1944 (izvo zvingadai zvakatadzisa maAllies kuvimba nehukuru hwavo hwemhepo) uye kushamisika chinhu, ari Mauto eGermany aifanira kuyambuka Ardennes, svika parwizi meuse (100 km kumadokero) uye ipapo kukotama kuchamhembe, pamusoro Antwerp (anenge 200 km kubva kumberi). Chiteshi cheguta reBelgian chakakosha kuhondo yeAllied zvekuti kuritorazve, mupfungwa dza hitler, ingadai yakaisa pangozi kugadzikana kwenzvimbo yose yekumadokero, zvichikonzera "yechipiri Dunkirk" uye kushandura mafambiro ehondo. Kana zvirinani, kuti Hitler anogutsikana zvachose.

"Matombo emugwagwa" haamise Hitler

Zvimwe zvisina chokwadi vakuru vemauto avo. Gerd von Rundstedt, mukuru wamakore makumi manomwe okuberekwa OB West, pasi pekuraira kwaizoitwa kuvhiyiwa, paakaziva nezvechirongwa, akati:

"Antwerp? Kana taizosvika paMeuse taitofanira kupfugama tichitenda Mwari.

Kunyange quarterback Walter Model, mukuru weMauto Boka B, mugadziri wenzira yekudzivirira inoshanda mumwedzi iyoyo, kunyangwe achibvuma mukana wekutanga kurwisa, inopa "mhinduro diki" kuna Hitler. Chinhu chidiki chinogumbura, kuteya nhamba yakakura yezvikamu zveAmerica, asi inoregeredzwa.

Hitler, nerubatsiro rwaJodl chete, anotungamira pachake Kugadzirira kwako "hombe mhinduro", ane chirongwa chekushanda chakatogadzirwa muna October. Pakutanga, chirongwa chakatora zita » Christrose ", asi pakarepo yakashandurwa kuita » Watch am Rhein » ("Tarisa paRhine"), zita rinoratidza nemaune chimwe chinhu kunze kwevavariro dzechokwadi dzevaGermany.

Kuvhiya, kwakarongwa kupera kwaNovember, kunosanganisira kushandiswa kwemauto matatu, kwezvikamu gumi nezviviri zvevacheche uye 12 mapoka ezvombo.. Zvinobva pane zvinhu zviviri zvakakosha: mhedzisiro yekushamisika uye yakaipa mamiriro ekunze, kureva kuti, maviri asina kurongeka, kunyanya wechipiri.

Kuitira kuvimbisa kanenge mamiriro ekutanga, chiitiko chekushamisika, gadziriro dzakaitwa muchivande chikuru. Keitel, ane chokwadi chekubatwa neAllied espionage, akatepfenyura chirevo chenhema kuvatungamiriri vese veWestern Front. Akataura kusakwanisa kuita zviito zvinogumbura, nepo Hitler achipa mukuru weSS. otto skorzeny kuvhiya" Greif « (lit. "tap").

jeep Nazis

Zvikwata Zvakagadzirirwa Zvakanaka

kutungamirirwa nehungwaru, zvikwata zvevarwi veGermany vanotaura Chirungu zvakanaka vakapfeka yunifomu dzeAmerica zvinopinda kuseri kwemitsara yeAmerica kuita bongozozo. Vanoita izvi nokuparadzira mirairo yenhema uye kuparadza kwakasiyana-siyana. Kuvhiya kwacho kuri kubudirira. Maunitsi mazhinji eUS anotya uye panguva yekurwisa kweGermany vachange vachiri pakati pekuvhiringidzika kukuru.

Zvichakadaro, mapoka akawanda ezvombo, kusanganisira zvikwata zvakawanda zvakabviswa kubva kumberi kwekumabvazuva, inoyerera nenzira inowedzera yakakura pedyo neArdennes. Munzvimbo iri pakati pe Westwall uye Rhine neMoselle nzizi. Masoja eWehrmacht nematangi anongotungamira husiku chete. Pasi perima, kure nemigwagwa, kwakafukidzwa nezvinomera.

Zvombo zvepfuti nezvikwata zvehondo zvinobva zvapihwa zvombo zvinosvika matani 15.000 14 uye marita mamiriyoni 150 emafuta. Zvakakwana kuvhara zvinodiwa zvematangi kweanenge XNUMX km yepamberi, zvirinani pamapepa. Iri ibasa rakakura rekuita zvinhu, risingaendi risingaonekwe, asi rinonyatsovanzwa sezvo maAllies anopfuura, achigutsikana kuti inzira yekudzivirira chete.

Zvese zvakagadzirira ... asi zvinofanirwa kumirira ...

Zvose zvakagadzirira pakupera kwaNovember, asi zvakakosha kumbomira kutanga kwekuvhiya, iyo panguva ino yakashandura zita rayo kune yakatonyanya kuoma kunzwisisa Herbstnebel ” (“mhute yomumatsutso”). Muchokwadi, maAllies ari kudzvanya paAachen (kuchamhembe kweArdennes) uye zvakafanira kuvasundidzira kumashure. Uyezve, mamiriro ekunze achiri akanaka, kuve nechokwadi chekuvharwa kwemuvengi kubva kumusoro. Tichafanira kumirira, ipapo, mamiriro ekunze akaipa, ayo anosvika pakati paDecember.

Husiku hwaDecember 15, 1944, 250.000 masoja, zviuru zvematangi nemotokari, 350 ndege, kusanganisira itsva. Ndege dzehondo dzeMe-262 dzakanga dzagadzirira kuita chiito. Varwi veGerman vane zvombo zvakakwana uye vachangobva kurongekazve mukati Volksgrenadier Division. Inoumbwa nevadiki zvikuru vanotora uye vane ruzivo rwakanyanya vakadaidzwa kana kutamiswa kubva kune mamwe madhipatimendi.

Iwo mapoka ezvombo anozopedzisira ane mazana maviri tiger I y 45 ingwe II, matangi matsva anorema iyo inorema anenge matani makumi manomwe. Vakapakatira pfuti ye70mm, inouraya zvakanyanya kupfuura vamwe vavo vekuUS tank. Morale, pasinei nemamiriro ezvinhu akaoma muGermany, yakakwirira. Varwi vechidiki veWehrmacht vanotungamirirwa nepfungwa yakadzika yekuda nyika, chaizvoizvo, kuguma kweGermany kunoenderana nekubudirira kwavo.


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