Chii chinonzi Atmospheric Window?

Iyo Universe inoburitsa mwaranzi munzira dzese dzehurefu uye masaisai eiyo electromagnetic spectrum. Mwaranzi uyu uripo munzvimbo dzese dzehupenyu uye unobvumira kushanda kweakawanda ecosystems yepasi uye anotidziya nekufambisa simba. Zvisinei, pane chinhu chiri muchadenga chinobvumira kupfuura kweimwe mwaranzi kusvika pamusoro penyika uye inonzi Hwindo reAtmospheric.

Chii chinonzi Atmospheric Window?

Isimba rinokosha remhepo yakapoteredza pasi kuti rive pachena kune kumwe kupenya kwemwaranzi kunobva muchadenga uye kunodzivisa kufamba kwemamwe mwaranzi kumusoro uko kungaita kuti kuvapo kwoupenyu pasi pano kubvirire. Kazhinji, mwaranzi inobvumirwa kupinda muPasi kubva kuCosmos masaisai eredhiyo uye chiedza chinooneka. (pamwe nechikamu chidiki che infrared radiation uye ultraviolet) izvo zvinoenderana neanonzi optical neradio windows.

hwindo remhepo

Optical uye Radio Window

Muchadenga wePasi unokwanisa kutora mwaranzi yemagetsi kubva kuChadenga muhuzhinji hwemasaisai ayo. Kune mabhandi ayo mamiriro ekunze anenge akajeka, uye mbiri dzacho dzakafara zvakakwana kuva dzefariro yezvenyeredzi uye kuva chipfuro chefundo inopfuuridzirwa.

Inonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeye "Optical Window", iyo inobvumira kupfuura kwemafungu emagetsi anowanzozivikanwa seanooneka spectrum: wavelengths kubva paanenge 300 kusvika 1.000 nanometers (0,3 kusvika 1 picometer). Yechipiri inozivikanwa se "Radio Window" iyo inotambanuka muwavelengths kubva pa 1 millimeter kusvika ku15 metres, (300 Ghz - 20 Mhz).

Munzvimbo iri pakati pehwindo rekuona uye hwindo reredhiyo, kunyura kwemuchadenga kunonyanya kukonzerwa nemvura uye kabhoni dhaibhoni, (mamwe mabhendi akajeka anoonekwawo pano). Nezve kureba kwemawavelengths (pakati pe 1 mm ne 1 cm), ivo vane basa rekutora, kunyanya, okisijeni uye mhute yemvura.

Atmospheric Windows kune iyo Electromagnetic Spectrum

Electromagnetic Spectrum inonzi kugoverwa kwesimba kweseti yemafungu emagetsi anoburitswa kana kutorwa nechinhu. Spectra inogona kucherechedzwa uchishandisa spectroscopes kuti, pamusoro pekupa mukana wekutarisa spectrum, bvumira kuyerwa kuitwe pairi, senge wavelength, frequency uye kusimba kwemwaranzi.

Iyo Electromagnetic Spectrum inokura kubva mupfupi wavelength mwaranzi, senge gamma rays uye X-rays, kuburikidza neultraviolet mwenje, mwenje unooneka uye infrared mwaranzi, kusvika kureba wavelength emagetsi mafungu, senge redhiyo masaisai. Zvinogoneka kuti muganho weiyo diki yewavelength ndiyo Planck kureba uye kuti muganho mukuru ungave saizi yeUniverse, kunyangwe sainzi inotaura zviri pamutemo kuti electromagnetic spectrum haina magumo uye inoenderera.

Electromagnetic chakarondedzera

Spectrum Range

Iyo spectrum inovhara simba remagetsi emagetsi ane masaisai akasiyana. Frequencies ye30 Hz uye pazasi anowanzo gadzirwa nedzimwe stellar nebulae uye anoenderana nekudzidza kwavo. Mafungu epamusoro-soro akadai se 2.9 * 1027 Hz awanikwa. High-frequency electromagnetic waves ane urefu hupfupi uye simba repamusoro, ukuwo masaisai akaderera ane urefu hwakareba uye simba rakaderera.

Nekudaro, pese kana masaisai emagetsi ari pakati (nyaya), kureba kwawo kunoderera. Iwo mawavelength emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi, zvisinei nepakati paanofamba nawo, anowanzo kutaurwa maererano newavelength muvacuum. Electromagnetic radiation inowanzoiswa maererano newavelength: mafungu eredhiyo, microwaves, infrared uye inooneka dunhu, iyo yatinoona sechiedza, ultraviolet mwaranzi, X-ray uye gamma rays.

Mafungu eredhiyo

Masaisai eredhiyo anowanzo shandiswa nemaantenna ehukuru hwakakodzera (maererano nemusimboti wekuti resonance), ine mafungu akareba kubva pamazana emamita kusvika pairimita. Kushandiswa kwayo kunoshanda pakufambiswa kwedata, kuburikidza nekugadzirisa. Kubva pawireless network, nharembozha, terevhizheni uye magineti resonance imaging, ndezvimwe zvezvinonyanya kufarirwa kushandiswa kwezvinonzi "Radio Waves".

Mafungu eredhiyo

Microwave oven

Iwo mafungu e-high-frequency waves uye saka ane wavelength pfupi kwazvo, saka zita ravo. Chimiro chavo ndechekufadza mamorekuru emvura uye ari pakati pemaranzi e infrared nemasaisai eredhiyo. Iyo ine chiyero chewavelength ye1 mm kusvika ku30 cm. Kushandiswa kwayo kunoratidzwa mumavheni emicrowave kupisa zvikafu zvine zvinwiwa.

nzira yemukaka mu microwave

infrared waves

Infrared mafungu e electromagnetic spectrum ari pakati pechiedza chitsvuku chinooneka uye mafungu ekutanga eredhiyo wave dunhu. Munzvimbo yeElectromagnetic Spectrum zvinonzwisiswa kuti mwaranzi iyi ndiyo yatinoona sekupisa.

Infrared mufananidzo weAndromeda

nharaunda inooneka

Iyo i electromagnetic radiation ine wavelength inosvika mazana mana nm uye 400 nm. Muchikamu ichi Zuva nenyeredzi dzakafanana naro dzinoburitsa yakawanda yemwaranzi yadzo uye frequency yadzo iri pamusoro peiyo infrared. Chiedza chatinoona chikamu chidiki che electromagnetic spectrum. Muraravungu muenzaniso wechikamu chinooneka che electromagnetic spectrum.

Andromeda muchiedza chinooneka uye infrared

Ultraviolet mwaranzi

Iyo inozivikanwawo semaranzi eUV, imwaranzi ine wavelength ipfupi pane iyo violet yekupedzisira yeinooneka spectrum. Nekuda kwesimba rayo, ultraviolet mwaranzi inogona kutyora chemikemikari zvisungo, zvichiita kuti mamorekuru ashande zvakanyanya kana kuti ionizing iwo, izvo zvingave muvimbisi wekuchinja kwemaitiro avo, nechikonzero ichi kupisa kwezuva uye kunyangwe gomarara kunonzi kunokonzerwa nemwenje weUV yeganda.

M101: Maonero mu ultraviolet

X rays

X-rays inouya mushure me ultraviolet. Hard X-rays ane marefu-masaisai mapfupi pane maX-ray akapfava. Kubatsira kwayo kunoshanda kuona kuburikidza nezvimwe zvinhu. Kuburitswa kweX-rays kubva kune nyutroni nyeredzi uye accretion disks ndizvo zvinobvumira kudzidza kweaya mafungu emagetsi. X-rays inobatsira mumishonga uye indasitiri. Nyeredzi uye kunyanya mamwe marudzi e-nebulae ndiwo makuru emitters e-x-rays.

X-ray

Gamma mwaranzi

Gamma Rays inouya mushure meX-Rays uye ndiwo mafotoni ane simba zvakanyanya, uye muganho wakaderera wewavelength yavo hauzivikanwe. Vanopa rubatsiro kune vanoongorora nyeredzi mukudzidza zvinhu zvine simba guru kana matunhu, uye anobatsira kune vefizikisi nekuda kwekugona kwavo kupinda uye kugadzira kwavo radioisotopes. Iyo wave dimension ye gamma rays inoyerwa nekurongeka kwepamusoro nenzira yeCompton kuparadzira.

Gamma mwaranzi

Emission uye Absorption Spectra

Iyo Atomic Emission Spectrum yechimwe chinhu seti yemafrequency emagetsi emagetsi anoburitswa nemaatomu echinhu ichocho, munzvimbo ine gasi, kana simba richitaurwa kwachiri. Iyo emission spectrum yechimwe nechimwe chinhu chakasiyana uye inogona kushandiswa kuona kana icho chinhu chiri chikamu chemukomboni usingazivikanwe.

Iyo yekunyudza spectrum inoratidza chidimbu chechiitiko che electromagnetic radiation icho chinhu chinotora mukati mehuwandu hwema frequency. Chekemikari chimwe nechimwe chine mitsetse yekunyura pane mamwe mawavelengths, chokwadi chine chekuita nekusiyana kwesimba kwemaatomu ayo akasiyana orbitals. Muchokwadi, iyo absorption spectrum inoshandiswa kuona zvikamu zvemamwe masampuli, sezvinwiwa uye magasi; kupfuura, inogona kushandiswa kuona chimiro che organic compounds.

Zvakakosha kuratidza kuti, mune izvo zvinozivikanwa se Atmospheric Windows, panongova nekushomeka kana kusapinzwa kana kubuda kwemwaranzi yemagetsi nezvikamu zvemhepo pakati pechinhu chinoyerwa nemidziyo yekuyeresa.


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