VaMaya vaiva netsika yekunamata vamwari vakawanda, zvisinei kuti chimwe chezvainyanya kukosha chaiva hunab ku, waaiti ndiye mukuru pane vanamwari vose. Tinokukoka iwe kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezve nhoroondo yaro, mavambo uye zvinoreva kuburikidza nechinyorwa chinotevera.
hunab ku
Mukati mengano dzeMayan tinogona kuwana vamwari vakawanda vanokosha vane huremu hwavo munhoroondo yedzinza iri, rinoonekwa seimwe yechiratidzo uye yakakurumbira nguva dzose. Pakati pevamwari vakakurumbira veMayan pane Hunab Ku, ane zita rinoreva "Iye Mumwe Chete Mwari".
Hunab Ku inogona kurondedzerwa semwari ane mukurumbira weMayan mukati metsika dzeMayan, uye kunyangwe zvinoshamisa kufunga kuti maMayans aitenda muna mwari mumwe chete, zvese zvinoita senge zvinoratidza kuti Hunab Ku aive nenzvimbo yakakosha mutsika yeMayan. Zvingave zvakakosha kubvunza kuti: VaMaya vaive nekutenda muna mwari musiki anoziva zvese here? Tichataura nezvazvo uye nezvimwe munyaya inotevera.
Hunab Ku saMwari weMayan
Kuti unzwisise zvishoma nezve nhoroondo uye kukosha kwamwari Hunab Ku, zvinodikanwa kuti udzidze zvakawanda zvakadzama nezvekwakabva. Kana tichida kuwana mhinduro yokuti nei tichitenda zvatinotenda, zvechokwadi tinotendeukira kuBhaibheri. Tinofanira kuita zvimwe chetezvo nenhoroondo.
Ndokusaka tisati taita fungidziro yakavakirwa pazita reuyu mwari weMayan, isu tichataura muchidimbu pane chimwe nechimwe chiripo chokwadi. Nenzira iyi tichakwanisa kunyatsonzwisisa kwakabva mwari Hunab Ku uye nei achinzi "Mwari Mukuru" wetsika dzeMayan.
Tisati tatanga tinofanira kufunga kwechinguvana pamusoro pemibvunzo inotevera: Hunab Ku akabva kupi? Zita iri rinotanga kutaurwa kupi? Iyi nemimwe mibvunzo ichatibatsira kunzwisisa kuti mwari Hunab Ku aive ani uye simba rake mukati mengano dzeMayan.
Zvave zvichitaurwa munhoroondo yose kuti Hunab Ku aive mumwe wevamwari venzvimbo yeMayan tsika. Ngatitii takarurama. Kana zvakadaro, chinhu chine musoro chingave chekuwana imwe mhando yehumbowo hweizvozvo mumakodhekisi avo (hieroglyphic books). Zvisinei, chokwadi ndechokuti hapana humbowo hweHunab Ku chero kupi zvako, kusvikira pakusvika kwemamongi eFrancisca muYucatan.
Zvinoenderana nenhoroondo, iyo Franciscan Order inoonekwa seimwe yeakasimba uye ane pesvedzero mirairo mukondinendi yeEurope panguva yeXNUMXth neXNUMXth century. Pamusoro peizvi, vanozivikanwa sehurongwa hwakakwanisa kutumira nhamba huru yemamishinari kuNyika Itsva kubva kuSpain.
Mumwe nemumwe weava mamishinari akatumwa neFranciscan Order aive nechinangwa chikuru uye chaive chekuyedza kutendeutsa vagari venzvimbo iyi kune yazvino yechiCatholic. Misheni yakatumirwa kubva kuSpain Crown uye yakaita basa rinokosha munhoroondo yenguva iyoyo.
Muna 1549 mumwe wemamishinari okutanga akasvika. Aive bhishopi weramangwana weYucatan, Diego de Landa Calderón. Uyu hunhu hunozivikanwa zvakanyanya nekuve musiki we "Rondedzero yezvinhu muYucatan". Mugwaro rino mamwe mashoko pamusoro pechitendero cheMayan, hupenyu uye mutauro zvakatsanangurwa.
Makore gare gare, kunyanya muna 1562, Diego de Landa pachake akapisa nhamba huru yeMayan codices kuitira kubvisa chihedheni munzvimbo. Ichokwadi ndechokuti Landa akakwanisa kupisa makodhekisi akawanda, zvisinei kuti vamwe vakakwanisa kurarama, pamwe chete neshanduro dzeMayan-Spanish dzemamongi eFrancisca kuti apupurire hupenyu hweMayan uye chitendero vasati vasvika vakundi veEurope.
Pfungwa ndeyokuti iyi ndeimwe yemabasa eFranciscas kwatinogona kuwana chirevo chekutanga cheHunab Ku. Duramazwi reMotul iduramazwi reMayan-Spanish rinotangira makore angangoita XNUMXth. Duramazwi rinoenderana nekunyora kwemuFrancisca friar Antonio de Ciudad Real, uyo anonzi ndiye ane tarenda remutauro weMayan panguva iyoyo.
Zvinotendwa kuti muFrancisca uyu akapedza nguva yakawanda yehupenyu hwake achigadzira izvi nemamwe mabhuku emitauro yeMayan-Spanish, uye nechikonzero ichi anozivikanwa semumwe wevanonyanya kukosha uye vane simba vemitauro yeMayan munhoroondo.
Kutaurwa kwekutanga kwaHunab Ku anoti zvinotevera:
"Hunab Ku: mwari mupenyu chete uye akanga ari meya wevamwari veYucatan uye akanga asina chimiro, nokuti vaiti aisagona kuzvifananidza nokuti akanga asina muviri. Izvi zvinoshandura kuti: “mwari mupenyu uye wechokwadi mumwe chete, mukuru pane vamwari vevanhu veYucatan. Yakanga isina chimiro nekuti vaiti yaisagona kumiririrwa nekuti yaive incorporeal.
Mune mamwe magwaro enguva inotaurwa zvakare inoitwa nezveHunab Ku, kunyanya mumaduramazwi maviri akafanana anoenderana nenguva imwechete yenguva. Muzvinyorwa zvose zviri zviviri mwari uyu anotsanangurwa se“Dios Único kana kuti Mwari Chete”.
- Hunab Ku: Mwari Mumwe (San Francisco Dictionary, Mayan-Spanish)
- Hunab Ku: Mwari Mumwe (Akasanganiswa Solana/Motul II/SF Spanish-Maya)
Chokwadi ndechekuti kutaurwa kwekutanga kwaHunab Ku kunowanikwa mumutauro weYucatecan Mayan kunoenderana nereferensi iri muduramazwi rakanyorwa nemutorwa, saka zvingave zvakakodzera kubvunza kuti: Zvinogoneka here kuti mwari uyu aive chigadzirwa cheFrancisca?
Vazhinji vanosimbisa kuti chaive chigadziro chekuzivisa vaMaya kune pfungwa yaMwari mumwe wechokwadi mumutauro wavo, asi vamwe vanovimbisa kuti Hunab Ku inowanikwa mune yekutanga-kukunda sosi. Dai izvo zvaive zvechokwadi, saka hungave humbowo hwekuti Hunab Ku aive mwari vasati vasvika vakundi uye saka maMayans vaive neruzivo rwekuti monotheism.
Chilam Balam Book
Maererano nezvakataurwa nevanyori vezvakaitika kare vakawanda, Bhuku raKilam Balam ibhuku chairo, kureva kuti hapana munhu ane chokuita nevapristi veKaturike akapindira mariri. Chokwadi ndechekuti Libro de Chilam Balam de Chumayel harisi basa rimwechete, asi nhevedzano yemabhuku mapfumbamwe ane mukurumbira akanyorwa naChilam Balam, anochengetedza musanganiswa weruzivo rwechinyakare rweMayan uye pesvedzero yeSpanish.
Muchokwadi, zvimwe zvikamu zvebhuku zvakanyorwa mumutauro weMayan we hieroglyphs, zvisinei mune zvimwe zvikamu tinogona kuona alfabheti yechiLatin, iyo inoratidza mubatanidzwa pakati petsika mbiri, zvese zveMayan neSpanish pesvedzero. Zvose izvi zvinotipa kuti tinzwisise kuti bhuku racho rine mavambo aro munguva dzisati dzasvika kwevakakunda, asi zvimwe zvikamu zvebhuku zvakanyorwa panguva yekukunda kweYucatan.
Kuvambira panguva iyoyo, hakuratidziki kuti munhu upi noupi anogona kusimbisa kuti iri bhuku harina kubatwa nomweya weKaturike. Nyanzvi dzinowanzobvumirana kuti apo Hunab Ku anotaurwa mukati meBhuku raChilam Balam, iri mumamiriro ezvinhu apo Hunab Ku anooneka sezita reMayan ramwari wechiKristu.
Pakati peimwe yenyanzvi idzi kana nyanzvi tinogona kutaura zvakanyanya nezvaWilliam Hanks, aive nyanzvi yemitauro yeanthropological. Uyu hunhu ndiye munyori webhuku "" Kushandura Mazwi: Maya muZera reMuchinjikwa ", kwaanonongedza zvinotevera nezve mwari Hunab Ku:
“Mamishinari ainyatsoziva kuti nokushandisa shoko rechiMayan raivapo kare rokuti ‘mwari’ (ku), vaiisa pangozi yokuita kuti pave nokuwirirana uye kuvhiringidzika pakati paMwari wechiKristu nezvidhori zvoudhiyabhorosi zvavaitsvaka kubvisa. Nokudaro, kunyange zvazvo maduramazwi ose ari maviri achidudza mudzi usina kujeka ku mwari, mudzi uyu unowanzoitika nezvirevo zvinoitirwa kusanzwisisana.”
“Mwari mupenyu, Mwari worugare, Mwari anotarira vanhu vamwe navamwe mativi ose epfungwa chaiyo yechiKristu. Kushandiswa kweHunab Ku [imwe + suffix + god] nokuda kwekusiyana kwaMwari mumutauro wakajeka kune kubatana kwaBaba, Mwanakomana, uye Mweya Mutsvene, uye kunowanikwa zvakanyanya muzvinyorwa zvemamishinari."
Mushure mekuongorora muchidimbu chimwe nechimwe chezvinyorwa izvi, tinogona kunyatsonzwisisa kuti mwari uyu anonzi Hunab Ku akavapo sei. Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti rakanga riri zita rinoshandiswa zvakafara namamongi eFrancisca sezita rokutsiva raMwari mumwe wechiKristu.
Ngatitii ipapo Hunab Ku raive zita raingoshandiswa nemamongi echiFrancisca kureva Mwari akasarudzika wechiKristu, asi nei paine kuvhiringika kwakanyanya kuvaKristu pamusoro pehumwari uyu? Chokwadi tichine zvinhu zvakawanda zvekuwana, saka ngatirambei tichiongorora matangiro nenhoroondo yehumwari uyu.
Kidnaped
Kusvika parizvino hapana kupokana nezvekukosha uko zita raHunab Ku raive naro munhoroondo, pamberi uye mushure menguva yekukunda. Kunyange zvazvo chiri chokwadi kuti pakutanga mwari uyu aishandiswa nokuda kwezvinangwa zvakanaka, semuenzaniso, kudzidzisa vaMaya pamusoro paMwari, ichokwadiwo kuti mwari uyu akapambwa kakawanda nevanyori venyika yanhasi.
Nyika yemazuva ano yakatora zita ramwari uyu kubva munhoroondo yaro yemamiriro ekunze ndokurishandura kuita izwi rakasiyana zvachose kubva kune chokwadi, richienda naro kune rimwe divi rezvaiitirwa Hunab Ku. Kubiwa uku kunotora pfungwa iri kuseri kwehumwari uyu zvichienda mberi kubva pachishandiswa chekushandura.
Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti nyika yemazuva ano yakashandura Hunab Ku kuva rudzi rwechiratidzo chezera idzva, kunyange kune vateveri veMayanism. Nekudaro, maKristu haafanire kurwadziswa nesangano rakadaro, sezvo ukangoongororazve, unoona kuti izvi zvikumbiro hazvina hwaro hwechokwadi chenhoroondo.
Zvinonzi mumwe wevanhu vekutanga kupamba Hunab Ku aive muzivi ane mukurumbira wekuMexico anonzi Domingo Martínez Paredez, akauya kuzoratidza mwari uyu sehumbowo hweMayan Monotheism. Sezviri pachena akabatanidza Hunab Ku kune chiratidzo mukati me Freemasonry.
Mafungiro ake anogona kuonekwa mune rimwe remabhuku ake akabudiswa mumakore gumi e1964, kunyanya mu "Hunab Ku: Synthesis of Mayan philosophical thought." Vamwe varume vakashinga kuenda mberi kunopamba pfungwa yaHunab Ku zvichienderana nebasa raParedez.
Mumwe wevarume ava aiva José Argüelles (1939-2011). Anozivikanwa kuva muvambi weAmerica wesangano reNhambo Itsva, asi zvichida anozivikanwa zvikuru nokuda kwokupindira kwake muchiitiko cheapocalyptic chegore ra 2012. Maererano nechiitiko ichi, zvaidavirwa kuti chiitiko chinotyisa chaizogumisa nyika musi wa21 Zvita. Zvita 2012.
Arguelles aitarisirawo kuparidzirwa zvimwe zviratidzo zvine chokuita naHunab Ku, kunyanya iyo yaakabudisa mubhuku rake "The Mayan Factor" mumakore gumi e 1987. Zvechokwadi paunoedza kutsvaga ruzivo paInternet pamusoro peHunab Ku, zviratidzo zvakawanda zvichave. kuonekwa, asi zvakakosha yeuka kuti hapana chinyorwa chehieroglyphic kana chenhoroondo yehumwari uyu zvachose.
Ngatitii chiratidzo cheHunab Ku chakasikwa mushure mekusvika kwemamongi eFrancisca. Kana zvakadaro, chokwadi ndechekuti hapana humbowo hunoratidza chiitiko ichi. Zvinoita sekuti aive ambotaura kuti Hunab Ku akamiririrwa nezviratidzo zveskweya mukati medenderedzwa kana denderedzwa mukati mechikwere; izvi hazvina kumboyedzwa pakaongororwa.
Arguelles akashandura pfungwa yaParedez yechiratidzo ndokuishandura kuita chimwe chinhu chave kuzivikanwa zvakanyanya munyika yanhasi yenhau. Sezvakataurwa nemunyori uyu, akatanga kuona chiratidzo ichi paragi muMexico, asi kwete sezviri kuratidzwa mubhuku rake. Chiratidzo chinoratidzwa mubhuku rake ndechekugadziriswa kwaArgüelles kuita kuti chiratidzo chifanane nechimwe chinhu chakafanana neYin-Yang kana Milky Way, inofananidzwa nezvimwe zvitendero zveNhambo Itsva.
Mifananidzo yakawanda yemafomu ekutanga echiratidzo chakagadziridzwa naArgüelles yakasvika pakujeka. Mimwe yemifananidzo iyi yakawanikwa muzana remakore rechiXNUMX Aztec Codex inonzi Codex Magliabechiano. MuCodex mune mifananidzo yemajasi anoshandiswa mutsika dzechitendero cheAztec.
Imwe neimwe yezvikamu izvi ine ruvara rwakasiyana uye zita, izvi zvinoreva kuti yanga isiri dhizaini yakasarudzika asi yakasiyana. Zvechokwadi uri kushamisika kuti nei cape yeAztec yakabatanidzwa nechiratidzo chakagadzirirwa mwari weMayan uyo akanga asina kumbovapo kusvika pakusvika kwemamongi eFrancisca? Hapana kunzwisisa.
Iko hakuna hwaro hwehukama hunogona kuitika kana kubatana pakati peHunab Ku nezvimwe zviratidzo zvinoenderana nekutenda kweNhambo Itsva. Saka, kana pasina hukama pakati peHunab Ku neNew Age zvitendero, uhu humbowo hweMonotheism muMaya? Zvinosuruvarisa kwete; pfungwa iyoyo haigoni kutsigirwa nezvakaitika kare.
Nhau inotidzidzisa kuti vaMaya havana kunamata kana kunamata mwari mumwe chete, pane kudaro, vaiva navamwari vakawanda vavaishumira, zvisinei kuti vaichengeta zvokwadi mukati meboka ravo vamene. Patinotaura nezvevakasarira vechokwadi, tinonongedzera kuzivo yaMwari inobva muShongwe yeBhabheri.
Zivo yaMwari wechokwadi yakapararira munyika yose sezvakaita zivo yenhema dzaSatani. Ndiko kusaka, pese paunotarisa, uchiwana zvisaririra nekumonyaniswa kwemazano ebhaibheri. Kunyangwe pakati pevamwari vechihedheni veMayan pantheon, pane mufananidzo wamwari musiki uye nhoroondo yekusika, yatichakurukura muchidimbu mune inotevera pfungwa.
Ngano
Tsika dzeMayan dzine ngano dzayo dzekusikwa kwenyika. Nyaya inotaura nezvemunhu anonzi Itzamná, Itzamnaah kana kuti "Mwari D", kunyange zvazvo achiita semazita matatu akasiyana, chokwadi ndechokuti anoreva mwari mumwe chete. Mwari uyu, pamwe chete nemudzimai wake, anonzi Ix Chel, ndivo vakakonzera kusikwa kweiyo nyanzvi dzinoti Classical Era.
VaMaya vakanamata mwari anonzi Itzamná kwenguva refu. Kutaura idi, mukati meiyi tsika yaidavirwa kuti uyu mwari akanga aunza kurongeka kupasi uye akatonga pamusoro pavamwe vamwari. Uyu angave humwari hwakazowiriraniswa naHunab Ku muyedzo yeFrancisca kufambisa kutendeuka kwevagari vemo kuCatholic.
Zvisinei, vaMaya havana kungonamata mwari ainzi Itzamná chete. Kutaura idi, vasati vanamata mwari iyeye, vainamata vamwe vamwari vasiki vaitonga pamusoro penyika dzakapfuura. Kwete chete maMayans ane vamwari vevasiki, asi ivo zvakare vane nhoroondo yekare yekusika.
Iyo inonzi Maya Creation Account inogona kuwanikwa mubhuku rePopol Vuh. Zita rebhuku iri rakaturikirwa se "Bhuku revanhu"; "Bhuku reNharaunda", uye kunyangwe iyo "Iwe Pepa". Inobatanidza muunganidzwa wenhau dzengano dzenhau, kubatanidza nhau yokusika, pamwe chete nokududzwa kweMafashamo makuru omuzuva raNoa.
Zvakakodzera kutaura kuti rudzi urwu rwegwaro, rakadai sePopol Vuh, raive munjodzi huru panguva yekukunda kweSpain, sezvo vazhinji vakaedza kuipisa nekudzima humbowo hwekuvapo kwayo, zvisinei yakakwanisa kurarama uye kuve imwe ye zvinyorwa zvinonyanya kukosha zveMayan munhoroondo.
Zvinonzi makore anopfuura mazana maviri akapfuura pashure pokusvika kwevakundi veSpain apo mumwe mufundisi weDominican ainzi Francisco Ximenex akaziva kuvapo kwebhuku rinoyera iro vaMayans vakanga vachengeta chakavanzika kwenguva refu. Uyu mufundisi akapfuurira kunyora kopi yake amene, uye kopi yake yomuzana ramakore rechigumi namasere ndiyo bedzi yasara kusvikira nhasi.
“Zvino aya ndiwo mashoko okutanga, kutaura kwokutanga. Hapasati pava nemunhu, mhuka, shiri, hove, gakanje, muti, dombo, gomo, gomba, bani, kana sango. Kudenga chete ndiko kuriko. chiso chenyika hachisati chaoneka.
Nzvimbo chete yegungwa panorara, pamwe chete nechizvaro chedenga rose. Hapana chakaunganidzwa. Zvinhu zvose zvazorora. Hapana chinozununguka. Zvinhu zvose zvapera simba, zvakazorora mudenga. Hapachina chakamira, nzvimbo chete yemvura, gungwa rakadzikama chete riri roga.
Hapachina chinhu chingavepo. Zvese zvakadzikama uye zvakanyarara murima, husiku. " ( Popol Vuh, p. 67-69 ) Chikamu chakapfuura chenhoroondo yokusika yePopol Vuh chinodzokorora zvatinowana muRugwaro: “Pakutanga Mwari akasika matenga nenyika. Nyika yakanga isina chimiro uye isina chinhu, uye rima rakanga riri pamusoro pegomba rakadzika-dzika. Uye Mweya waMwari waifamba pamusoro pemvura.”
Tadzidzei kusvika parizvino nezveHunab Ku? Chokutanga pane zvose, tinotsanangura zvinoreva zita racho. Zvino tava kuziva kuti “Mwari Mumwe Oga” zvinorevei. Isu tinoongororawo chimwe nechimwe chezviitiko zvenhoroondo zvinoratidza kuti mwari uyu haana kunyatsoenderana nemaMaya ekuzvarwa.
Rakanga riri zita rakagadzirwa nemamongi echiFrancisca panguva iyoyo kubatsira maMayans kunzwisisa pfungwa yaMwari. Imwe nguva gare gare, Hunab Ku akapambwa nevanyori vezera idzva vakamuita kuti ataridzike sechinhu chaasiri, achiedza kukanganisa zvaanoreva.
Ichokwadi kuti Hunab Ku haigone kushandiswa sehumbowo hwekuti vaMaya vekare vaive monotheists, asi isu tinogona kuwana mitsara yechokwadi mungano dzavo patinotarisa mabhuku akaita sePopol Vuh. Idzodzi dzinopupurira kuvimbika kwenhoroondo dzeBhaibheri dzakadai seShongwe yeBhabheri uye dzinotiyeuchidza kuti Satani haambogoni kusika, anogona bedzi kumonyanisa izvo Mwari akaita.
zvese nezvechiratidzo
Hunab Ku akatanga kuonekwa mushure mekusvika kwevakunda veSpain, chaizvoizvo, vasati vakunda muzana remakore rechigumi nematanhatu, zvinogona kutaurwa kuti hapana kutaurwa nezvehumwari uyu. Pazviuru zvezviwanikwa zviripo, senge stelae, ceramics, murals uye mabhuku anotaura nezveMayan nhoroondo, hapana kana mumwe wavo anotaura Hunab Ku.
Pane uchapupu hwakakwana hunotiita kuti tifunge kuti vaMaya pasina mubvunzo vaidavira kuti kune dzidziso yokuti kuna mwari mumwe chete, ndiko kuti, vakanga vasinganamati mwari mumwe chete asi vaidavira vanamwari vakawanda panguva imwe chete. Mukati metsika dzeMayan pakanga pasina fungidziro yaMwari mumwechete uye izvo zvinopfuura mukurumbira.
Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, zviri nyore kugumisa kuti mavambo ehumwari hweMayan hwakanga huri mugumisiro wezvinyorwa zvekoloni, zvakanyorwa kunyanya nemamongi eFrancisca mushure mekukunda kweSpain, uye iyo yakatsvaga kutendeutsa vanhu veMayan kuchiKristu. Aya ndiwo maitiro akasimuka nhoroondo yezvatinoziva nhasi saHunab Ku.
Hunab Ku uye mamishinari echiKristu
Haisi chakavanzika kune ani zvake kuti Hunab Ku, samwari, anobva mumagwaro emamishinari echiKristu. Maererano nezvakataurwa nevakawanda vemazuva ano veMayan nhoroondo nevatsvakurudzi, chimiro cheHunab Ku chakanga chisipo, zvichida semwari weMayan, munguva dzekare dzeSpain.
Izvi zvinoreva kuti maive mushure mekusvika kwevakakunda veSpain kuti Hunab Ku akatanga kuonekwa semwari weMayan, kunyange mushure menguva iyoyo yekukunda apo pfungwa yakawedzerwa kune vaMayan pantheon. Nyanzvi dzakawana kufanana kwakakosha pakati pepfungwa yechiKristu yekubatana, sekuratidzwa kwekubatana kweTiriniti, uye kubatana kwakabatana neHunab Ku.
Hunab Ku uye kushoropodzwa kwedzidzo
Zvinoenderana nevakawanda anthropological connoisseurs, nhamba yeHunab Ku inowirirana neyakagadzirwa nemamishinari akatumirwa neFrancisca Order. Zvinoenderana nemafungiro eaya anthropologists, hazvigoneke kunzwisisika kuti Hunab Ku anobva kune yekutanga pantheon yevamwari veMayan.
Kuti zvijekese izvi, nyanzvi dzakagadzira kufanana pakati pepfungwa dzemamishinari echiKristu dzeUtatu nekubatana kwakabatana kwaHunab Ku. Maererano nenyanzvi idzi, chinangwa cherudzi rwechikwata chakapiwa Hunab Ku ndechekuita kuti chitaridzike chakafanana naMwari wechiKristu uye nokudaro kuunza maMayans pedyo nechitendero chemonotheism, icho chaiva chinangwa chemamishinari mushure mehondo. nguva.-Spanish.
Hunab Ku New Age rumutsiriro
Hunhu hwakasiyana hune hukama nenyika yeNew Age vaive nemhosva neimwe nzira kumutsidzira nekuparidzira pfungwa yeHunab Ku muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Vanyori vazhinji vane mukurumbira vakadzosa pfungwa iyi kuhupenyu, pakati pavo tinogona kuratidza Domingo Martínez Paredez, uyo akadudzira humwari hweMayan monotheistic nekuhubatanidza nechiratidzo chechikwere mukati medenderedzwa.
Paredez zvakare akadhirowa kufanana pakati pekududzira uku uye pfungwa yeFreemason universe iri kuitwa neGreat Architect. Uku kwaive kuedza kubatanidza zvinhu zveesoteric nepfungwa yemwari mumwe chete weMayan. Paredez akanyora nezvepfungwa dzake mune rimwe bhuku rakatevera uye dzakazowedzerwa naJosé Argüelles.
Hunab Ku symbolism
Sezvatave tichitaura muchinyorwa chino, chimiro cheHunab Ku hachina kuoneka mumaguta ekare eMayan uye nekuda kweichi chikonzero hazvigoneke kuwana chero chiratidzo chine hukama nehumwari uhu pakati pevaMaya vekutanga, zvisinei vamwe Currents vanoda. Nhambo Itsva yakagadzira zviratidzo zvayo.
Vazhinji vevanyori veNhambo Itsva muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX vakazivisa kubatanidzwa kwezviratidzo zvakasiyana neHunab Ku. Mumwe wavo akanga ari Paredez, uyo akakurudzira dzidziso yairatidza kuti mwari uyu aimiririrwa nemativi mana akaenzana mukati medenderedzwa, kana kuti denderedzwa mukati mechikwere.
Nguva gare gare kuonga kwomumwe munyori weNhambo Itsva kwakasvika pakujeka. Yakanga iri pamusoro peArguelles, uyo kwemakore akati wandei akatarisa mukuwedzera pfungwa dzakakurudzirwa naParedez. Akasvika pamhedziso yekuti yakanga isiri sikweya, asi dhizaini ine rectangular yaishandiswa nevaMesoamerican kureva kuna mwari mukuru.
Arguelle akawedzera kushandura chiratidzo kuti chiite sechinosanganisira yin uye yang motif, uye dhizaini yedenderedzwa inomiririra nyeredzi. Iyi chaiyo dhizaini yakashandiswa nevakawanda vevaAztec mumajasi avo etsika uye yakawanikwa mukodhekisi yezana ramakore rechi XNUMX ine chekuita nevaAztec.
Hunab Ku uye cosmology
Vazhinji vevanyori veinonzi New Age vakanyatsoteerera kukosha kwe cosmic kwamwari weMayan anozivikanwa saHunab Ku. Zvinonzwisisika, izvi zvinoreva zvinosanganiswa nekusimbirira kuti Hunab Ku ndimwari wekare, nepo pasina humbowo hwakadaro huripo muzvinyorwa zveMaya.
Kupfuura izvozvo, vanyori veNhambo Itsva vanoramba vachitenda kuti mwari uyu, Hunab Ku, akanga ari mwari aitungamirira pakutanga kusika Nyika. Vanovimbisawo kuti mwari uyu aigara pakati peMilky Way. Nenzira yakafanana, kwakataurwa kuti, sezvo vaMayans vakanga vari vakuru, vazivi venyeredzi vakacherechedza nyeredzi ndokuisa Hunab Ku pakati pechisiko chapose pose.
Zvakakodzera kutaura kuti Hunab Ku, maererano nezvinotendwa netsika dzakawanda uye mafungu, yaionekwa sepakati peiyo galaxy. Saizvozvowo, kune tsika dzeMayan, mwari uyu waiva mwoyo nepfungwa zveMusiki. Ikoko uye nomuzuva, vainangisa kutarira kwavo sezvavainzvera nyeredzi.
VaMayans vaiva nezvitendero zvakawanda zvakakurumbira zvakapoteredza mwari uyu, somuenzaniso, vaidavira kuti mwoyo yavo nepfungwa dzavo dziri pakati pechisiko chapose pose uye kukwanisa kutaura namwari Hunab Ku kwaingobvira bedzi kupfurikidza nezuva. Inofungidzirwa pakati peiyo galaxy uye, zvakare, mwoyo nepfungwa yemusiki, musiki wenyika uye wemunhu, zvinonzi Hunab Ku akavaka nyika katatu.
Kekutanga kugarwa naGenii. Pachiitiko chechipiri nyika yakagarwa nedzolob, dzinza rakasviba uye rakashata. Mukuedza kwekupedzisira kwakaitwa naHunab Ku, nyika yakagarwa nevaMayans. Mukuwedzera, maMayans akachengetedza chitendero chokuti pakati pe galaxy, kureva, Hunab Ku, makore ose e5.125, "synchronizing ray" inomuka, iyo inonyatsofananidza zuva nemapuraneti ose, nekubuda kwesimba kune simba.
Hunab Ku uye Cosmic Consciousness
Haisi chakavanzika kune chero munhu kuti vanyori veNew Age vakavimbisa kwemakore kuti mwari anozivikanwa saHunab Ku ari pakati peMilky Way. Zvino, kuseri kwechirevo ichocho, pane zvakare chinangwa chemweya. Kutaura idi, vanyori veNhambo Itsva vanopa revo yokufananidzira yomudzimu kunzvimbo iyi yamwari Hunab Ku.
Maererano nezvavanotenda, zvinonzi mwari anonzi Hunab Ku ndiye akasika zvinhu zvose. Tsika dzinotsigira kuti mwari uyu akaumba chadenga kubva mudhisiki rinotenderera uye ndiye anoramba achibereka mapoka enyeredzi matsva nemitumbi yenyeredzi. Saizvozvo, Hunab Ku anofungidzirwa kuve musiki wezvese kuziva mune zvakasikwa.
Pfupiso yeHunab Ku
Kusvika pari zvino tave nemukana wekudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pamwari Hunab Ku. Pakutanga, zvakakosha kuratidza kuti tiri kutarisana nemumwe wevamwari, kana isiri iyo inonyanya kukakavara humwari mukati meMayan tsika. Maererano nevanyori vezvakaitika kare vakawanda, zvinotendwa kuti mwari uyu pakutanga akagadzirwa nemamishinari echiKristu, mushure mokunge vaSpain vakunda nharaunda dzeMayan.
Chii chakanga chiri donzo ravafundisi vechiKristu mukugadzira mwari akafanana naHunab Ku? Maererano nenhoroondo, chinangwa chikuru chemamishinari chaiva kugadzira mwari, ane zita rinoreva "Mwari mumwe chete" muchiMayan. Nechigadzirwa ichi, mamishinari aida kuunza maMayans pedyo nechitendero chechiKristu uye kuvashandura kune iyo yechitendero.
Iyi vhezheni inotonyanya kukosha kana magwaro ekare echiMayan tsika akaongororwa, umo iyo nhamba yeHunab Ku haina kunyorwa chero kupi. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mumaguta ekare eMayan uyu mwari akange asipo, asi chaive chinhu chakauya munguva dzekukunda kweSpain.
Kufarira kwemazuva ano kuHunab Ku kwakamutswa mushure mekunge avo vanonzi New Agers vatanga kupa zviratidzo zvitsva nezvinoreva kuHunab Ku munguva yezana remakore rechiXNUMX.
Zvinoreva mumatatoo
Zviratidzo zveMayan zvave imwe yeakanyanya motifs akaiswa muma tattoos. Kana iwe uri mumwe weavo vanhu vari kufunga nezve pfungwa yekutema tattoo chiratidzo chetsika yeMayan, rega ndikuudze kuti kune akawanda mazano ane hukama namwari Hunab Ku. Tinokukumbira kuti uenderere mberi nekuverenga kuti uwane kwakabva uye zvirevo zveichi chiratidzo.
Hunab Ku inotendwa sechiratidzo chekare cheMayan icho chiri pakati pemavhiri avo anoyera enguva kana karenda system. Kunewo dzidziso dzekuti chiratidzo chinogona kunge chiri chevaAztec vekare. Chiratidzo ibwe rekona rakakosha mukunzwisisa kutenderera kwehupenyu (uyewo chinhu chepakati mukunzwisisa ngano dzeMayan).
Chiratidzo cheHunab Ku chinoshandura kureva kuti: "Mupi wekufamba uye chiyero" kana "Chitubu chega chesimba": Nerudzi urwu rwekugadzirisa simba kwesimba, Hunab Ku inofananidzirawo mwari; mwari mumwe chete, kana kuti mwari mukurusa pakati pavaMaya (kunyangwe ichi chicherechedzo chisina kupupurirwa).
Zvino, iyo Hunab Ku tattoo inorevei? Chokwadi chiripo chinogona kuva nezvakawanda zvirevo, asi zvimwe zvacho ndezvi:
- Kufamba kwesimba rehupenyu
- Kutenderera kwehupenyu pamwero mukuru
- Kurongeka uye kuenzana kwe cosmos
- Simba rehumwari kana simba risingaperi rinowanikwa muhupenyu hwese.
Kana tikaongorora chiratidzo ichi zvakadzama, tinogona kuona zvinhu zvakati wandei, kunyanya kuti inomiririra mutemo wekare wekuenzanisa muzvinhu zvese. Inotoyeuchidza nezvechiratidzo cheyin yang chinowanikwa muAsia symbology. Iwe unogona kuona chiyero maererano nechiedza uye nerima zvinhu. Inotakura chiratidzo chakadzama chekuwana chiyero.
Balance mukuzivikanwa se:
- mumvuri uye chiedza chake
- Kufara nekusuwa
- Amai nababa
- Husiku nemasikati
- Kurudyi nekuruboshwe
- Zuva nemwedzi
Maererano nenyanzvi yeMayan José Argüelles, Hunab Ku ndiko kutanga kwehupenyu kupfuura cosmos. Argüelles anotaura zvinotevera pamusoro penyaya iyi:
"Inogona kutsanangurwa seine kutenderera panguva imwe chete uye kupikisa-spin kufamba kunopenya kunze kubva pakati pesimba risingatsananguriki rinoputika nekumhanya chaiko. Mhepo iyoyo ndiyo musimboti wehupenyu uye kuziva kuri kwese kwese muzviitiko zvese. "
Mamwe Mapikicha Anowanikwa
Mhedzisiro iyo Hunab Ku yakave nayo pakubudirira kwetsika dzakawanda, kwete mungano dzeMayan chete, hachisi chakavanzika kune chero munhu. Tinogona kutaura kuti ndiyo imwe yezvimiro zvinomiririra zvakanyanya, zvekuti mwari uyu, sechiratidzo chakakurumbira, anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumhando ipi neipi yechigadzirwa. Tinogona kuona kumiririrwa kwayo kubva pakugadzira tattoo, kune wallet kana zvikwama, kunyangwe magirazi.
Pazasi tinokuratidza mamwe emifananidzo yakanakisa panoonekwa chiratidzo cheHunab Ku:
Unogonawo kufarira zvinyorwa zvinotevera: