Zvisikwa zvinoumbwa nezvizhinji zvipenyu zvinozvipa runako uye kusiyanisa, zvichiratidza kukosha kwayo mukati mezvakatipoteredza uye mupiro wayo kune kuenzana kwehupenyu. Pakati pavo, fungi inogona kujekeswa, vanhu vanobatana nekuvandudzwa kwemarudzi emiti, ivo vanozivikanwa zvikuru munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzepasi nekuda kwemishonga yavo uye yekubika. Tevere tichadzidza nezve anonyanya kutsvakwa Howa eMexico munyika iyoyo.
Howa muMexico
Mamiriro ekunze anoumbwa neakawanda zvipenyu zvinopa kusiyanisa kupasi rose, kuchinjika kumamiriro ekunze, ezvakatipoteredza uye enzvimbo, zvinhu izvi zvakakonzera kugovera mune dzakasiyana siyana ecosystems. Chokwadi ichi chakabvumira kugovaniswa kwemhando dzakasiyana dzezvirimwa pasi rose, zvichiiswa sechikamu cheumambo hweplantae, asi kune zvimwe zvipenyu zvinomuka munzvimbo yechisikigo asi zvisina hunhu hwechirimwa senge fungi.
Fungi anoonekwa seeukaryotic organisms ari ehumambo hwefungi, iwo anoonekwa semhando yemaparasite anogona kubuda kubva mukuora organic zvinhu. Havana chlorophyll, havana thallus, vane mapazi uye vane filaments uye maseru madziro avo anoumbwa zvachose nechitin pane cellulose. Muchikamu chayo mune molds, yeasts nezvimwe zvipenyu zvehowa.
Fungi dzinowanikwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana dzechisikigo, dzichisiyana mune yavo ecological zvimiro zvinoenderana nerudzi rwemhando uye ecosystem mavari. Zvichienderana nemhando yezvipenyu, ichange iine zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvimwe zvakanakira kudyiwa, sezvo kukosha kwayo kwekudya kwakanyanya, ine huwandu hwehuwandu hweasiri-starchy carbohydrates uye chikafu chefiber; Ichi chokwadi chakakonzera kuti ive chikamu chemaitiro ekubika edzimwe nyika uye chiratidzo chekudya chedzimwe nyika.
Mexico yakamira senzvimbo yakanakira kukura kwehowa hwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana, ichizivikanwa sechikadyiwa uye chiri chikamu chekudya kweMexico kubva kare, uko vanhu veAztec vaidaidza kuti Nanacatl izvo zvaireva mu "nyama" yavo yavanoda uye mune imwe. matunhu eMexico akagamuchira zita rekuti Nanacatepec raireva "chikomo chehowa" uye Nanacamilpa inozivikanwa se "nzvimbo inokura howa". Aya masangano anova akakosha zvakanyanya mukati mehupenyu hwezuva nezuva kune vagari vekuMexico.
Mexico ndeimwe yenyika shoma dzinokwanisa kugadzira matani ehowa gore negore, ichizviona senyika ine kugadzirwa kukuru kunogoverwa muLatin America yose. Ikoko mhando huru dzairimwa uye dzichitengeswa munyika yose, dzichiratidza mhando dzakadai sehowa machena, mashava uye organic, nekucherechedzawo portobello nevamwe.
Common Howa muMexico
Imwe yenyika dzeMegadiverse iMexico, yakamira pakati pevashanu vepamusoro nekuda kwekusiyana kwayo kwezvipenyu zvipenyu pakati pemiti yechisikigo, mhuka uye kunyangwe akasiyana ecosystem. Zvese izvi zvinoita kuti ive dunhu rine matura akawanda anochengetedza marudzi akawanda akachengetedzwa, pakati pavo howa hunoshandiswa nenharaunda yeMexico mukati metsika nemagariro avo.
Munyika mune marudzi anopfuura zviuru makumi matatu emhando dzakasiyana dzehowa pakati pehupfu, hunodyiwa uye kunyange humwe hune mishonga. Izvo zvinovaka muviri zvakanyanya nekuda kwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwemapuroteni, mavitamini, fibers uye minerals; Pazasi pane zvipenyu zvinodyiwa pasi rese, kunyanya munharaunda yeMexico:
Mahowa
Iyo ine mhando yefungus inozivikanwa zvakare nezita rekuti Paris Fungi, inozivikanwa nezita rayo resainzi seAgaricus Bisporus wemhuri yeAgaricales, inozvarwa kuEurope neNorth America, inofarirwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekudya kwayo uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya munharaunda. gastronomic munda. Yakarimwa munzvimbo dzekumadokero uye inzvimbo yakakosha yekutengesa munharaunda iyoyo.
Nguva huru yekukohwa inguva yekuvhuvhu uye inowanzokura munzvimbo dzine masango. Vane heti yakatenderedzwa yakasungirirwa padzinde iri nyore rinofumura lamellae, ine ruvara ruchena, rwakatetepa uye rwevhu. Mukicheni vanogona kupedzwa nenzira dzakawanda, mbishi, yakabikwa uye yakachengetedzwa; zvinokurudzirwa kuti urege kuzvichengeta munzvimbo dzine hunyoro, sezvo nyama yavo ine porous uye ine simba rekutora mvura nyore nyore, saka zvinokurudzirwa kuiomesa nemucheka wakaoma.
portobellos
Hunozivikanwa sechikamu chehowa huchena hunozivikanwa munzvimbo dzeMediterranean uko hunoonekwa sehwokuzvarwa, hune mhando imwe chete yehowa hweParis (hwakajairika) asi hunosiyana pakukura zvakanyanya, uko ngowani yavo inosvika masendimita gumi neshanu kuwedzera. kuva neruvara rwebrown. Kunhuhwirira kwayo kunoshamisa uye kwakanyanya, iine kusimba, ine nyama mameseji, uye inoshandiswa culinary sekutanga, mbishi kana sechikamu chemasaladhi.
Inoonekwa semambo wehowa, iwo anoshandiswa zvakanyanya sechinhu chakakosha musaladhi, soups uye kunyange pizzas. Mune dzimwe nyika chikamu che superfoods nekuti inopa huwandu hwakawanda hwezvinovaka muviri kune hutano.
nzira
MaSenderuela anozivikanwa sehowa hwemusango ane zita resainzi reMarasmius Oreades, anozivikanwa nekudyiwa munyika dzakasiyana siyana, kunyanya muSpain, anofarirwa nekunakirwa kweasidhi uye kuchengetedza kuri nyore; Vane chimiro chakatsetseka, kunhuhwirira kwearumondi uye ruvara rwakanyanya. Pakati pezvakanakira zvikuru ndezvekuti haarwiswe nyore nemamwe makonye chero bedzi ari munzvimbo yakaoma.
Howa uhu hunoonekwa mumigwagwa uye mune mamwe mafuro, vane kapu diki kubva pa2 kusvika ku7 centimita muhupamhi, vanogona kuve convex uye conical muchimiro; Ruvara rwayo rwakareruka matani ekirimu pakati pebrown uye tsvuku.
Hwamanda dzevakafa
Iyo fungus yemhuri yeCantharellaceae, inozivikanwa nerima rayo rinenge dema, rakaita sefunnel uye rinogona kuyera kusvika pamasendimita matatu paupamhi uye 4 masendimita pakakwirira, yakaoma kwazvo kuwana nekuda kweruvara rwayo nekuti Inogona. kuvhiringwa nemarara anobva kumunda. Munguva dzine mwando ruvara rwayo rwunonyanya kukwidziridzwa asi munguva yakaoma inogona kuita grey.
Vamwe vanhu havasi kukwezvwa nemharidzo yayo asi ine hunhu hwakanyanya, hunoshandiswa semushonga ungave uri pasi, wakaoma kana kutonyorova. Kunhuhwirira kwayo kune muchero uye kunopa kuravira kwakawanda kune ndiro dzainoperekedza.
Imhando yefungus inoshandiswa seyero chanterelle, anacate kana chanterelle. Inotaridzirwa semhando yefungus inodyiwa iyo inowanikwa munzvimbo dze coniferous uye masango emasango; kunyanya pedyo nemiti yakaita semiouki, holm oak uye cork oak. Rudzi urwu rwefungus runoonekwa zvakanyanya muEuropean cuisine, inozivikanwa nekuve inotsvakwa zvakanyanya uye inozivikanwa nyore nyore howa hunodyiwa; Iine kakunaka kanotapira ndosaka ichishandiswa mumashishi, madhiri uye mamwe madhishi.
gyrgolas
Iyo inozivikanwawo seoyster mushroom kana pleurot, inowanikwa munzvimbo dzine mwero uye inorimwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzepasi. Hunoonekwa semhando yehowa hwemusango hunotsvakwa zvakanyanya uye huri nyore kuziva nekuda kweheti yayo yakaita sefan, huso hwahwo hwakatsetseka uye hunopenya, hune grey ruvara uye zvichienderana nemamiriro ekunze, hue hwahwo hunogona kusiyana. zvimwe zviitiko zvinowana bluish mativi.
Saizvozvovo, ivo vanozivikanwa nekuve nechimiro cheoyster kana nzeve, sezvavanokura vanosvika pakuita yero uye kunyange pink tones; uko kunhuhwirira kwayo kwakasimba uye kwakajeka. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya sekuperekedza mupunga, pasta kana yakagochwa, vanotora kuravira kwakakosha kana mafuta omuorivhi negariki aiswa.
Shiitake
Iyo inozivikanwawo seChinese howa kana Lentinula Edodes, inoonekwa sehowa hunodyiwa unobva kuChina uye chikamu chechikafu cheAsia. Iine ruvara rwemavara eruvara, mukati ine ruvara rwekrimu, chimiro chinopikisa zvikuru uye ine kunhuhwirira kwakanyanya kwehuni, ndicho chikonzero icho chinowanzoonekwa mune grills, stir-fries uye soups. Pamusana pekupikisa kwayo mukati, inogona kumira kwemaawa akawanda ekubika pasina kurasikirwa kwayo.
Icho chinhu chinozivikanwa kwazvo mumaresitorendi eChinese uko kunozivikanwa sehowa hunonhuhwirira hwekuva nekunhuhwirira kwakanaka, kune dzimwe nzvimbo hunozivikanwa sehowa hwechando sezvo kurimwa kwahwo kunonyanya kutonhora.
morels
The morel fungus inozivikanwa se morcella, cagarrias, morels kana múrgoles; Imhando yefungus ine chimiro chehuchi. Ruvara rwayo irworwo rwegoridhe nehupamhi hweheti, pamusoro pekuve nechimiro chespongy chine ovoid, spherical kana dhizaini yakatenderedzwa, ine pink uye yero ruvara rwakafanana neuchi, ndosaka vachipa kutaridzika kwedendere remavu.
Iwo anoshandiswa kumabasa ezvekudya uko anowanikwa apererwa nemvura asi anogona kuisirwa mvura kuti awane anonhuhwirira uye kumwe kunhuhwirira, achipa manzwiro esango, ane zvinonhuwira uye kutsetseka kwemavara. Iwo anowanzo kusanganiswa kuti aurawe nenyama yemhuka uye yakarungwa zvakanyanya.
Porcini
Inozivikanwa seBoletus, inowanikwa kunyika yeAsia, imhando yefungus inoshandiswa zvakanyanya kuItaly gastronomy uko mukurumbira wayo wakapararira muEurope yose, iri rudzi rwefungus inokura nyore munzvimbo dzine hunyoro. Nyama yaro yakasimba, ine silky texture, trunk jena rine mavara akajeka; kunhuhwirira kwayo kwakapfuma kwazvo uye nekunhuhwirira kwaita nutty, inogona kudyiwa isina kubikwa mumasaladhi, yakabikwa nemupunga uye ichiperekedzwa nepasita.
Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti fungus iyi ine zvakakosha zvimiro zvekurwisa gomarara sezvo ichiita semhando yeparasitic muzvisikwa, ichikura kubva kune chipembenene chinomhara pachirimwa. Iwo anoshandiswa sechikamu chemushonga wechinyakare weAsia kunyanya muTibet, izvi zvakakurudzira zvidzidzo zvegomarara, zvichiona mhedzisiro yakanaka.
enokis
Iyo ine mhando yefungus inozvarwa kuJapan, inozivikanwawo seFlammulina Velutipes kana goridhe tsono howa, inokatyamadza kune ecologists nekuda kwekutaridzika kwayo kwemusango, kunyanya muzvirimwa zvayo, uko inoonekwa sehowa chena uye shinda dzakatetepa. Pakutanga vanogona kukura mutsvuku, asi mushure memasekonzi mashomanana ekusangana nezuva vanotora ruvara ruchena.
Chimiro chayo chakatetepa uye chine brittle, chinoshandiswa kugadzira soups, saladi kana imwe ndiro. Kunhuhwirira kwayo kunotapira uye ine crunchy mameseji, inogona kuchengetedzwa zviri nyore pane yakaderera tembiricha uye zvakare inochengetedza mamiriro ayo chaiwo.
truffles
Imhando yefungus inozivikanwawo se tuber, ine hukama nemhando dze chestnut, walnut, oak uye holm oak miti. Inofungidzirwa sehowa hunodhura zvikuru munyika yose uye nemutengo wakanyanyisa, vatengesi vayo vakuru vanobva kuFrance, Italy neSpain; Inogona kuwanikwa muchena uye nhema, ichidyiwa yakabikwa kana kubikwa uye chimiro chavo chiri mumashiti, zvimedu, grated kana mumafuta.
Inoonekwa sehowa inotsvakwa zvakanyanya sechinhu chinonhuwira sezvo ichishandiswa kushongedza ndiro dzinovapa kubata kwekusiyanisa uye mutsauko, saka, inoshandiswa kugadzirira mabikirwo akacheneswa ekubika.
Matsutake
Inozivikanwa se pine fungus kana se Tricholoma Matsutake, imhando ye mycorrhizal fungus inoonekwa zvakanyanya muAsia (China, Korea, Japan), Europe (Finland, Sweden) uye North America (United States, Canada). Inokura pasi pemiti uye inodya mashizha ose akadonha. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya nemaJapan nekuti ine hwema hunonhuhwirira hwakada kufanana nerudzi, inoonekwa semhando yakaoma kwazvo kukohwa, ndosaka mari yakawanda ichidikanwa kuti iwane.
huitlacoche
Icho fungus yechibage inokura pakati pezviyo zvechibage, inozivikanwawo seCuitlacoche uye Ustilago Maydis. Imhando inodyiwa yakakurumbira muMexico, inoonekwa seyakatangira-yeSpanish nhaka, inozivikanwa nekupfava kwayo uye inopfungaira inonhuhwirira, yakatsetseka kugadzirwa uye kunhuhwirira kunofadza; Inoshandiswa mundiro dzakaita sechikafu chine gariki, epazote kana nemuto. Ichowo chikamu chequesadillas, tacos, omelettes, soups, pakati pevamwe; zvikamu zvaro zvichena kana zvipfumbu zvinochinja kuva ruvara rutema sezvavanobika pamusoro pekupisa kwakaderera.
Tinovimba kuti chinyorwa ichi chabatsira, tinokusiira vamwe vanozonyatsokufarira: